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-FROM HUNTERS AND GATHERS TO CIVILIZATION-ASSIGNMENT SUMMARY PARAGRAPH
Describe what a Describe what a civilization is.civilization is.
AIM: How did early humans survive?
DO NOW: How do we know people lived thousands of years ago??
TRACING THE MIGRATION (MOVEMENT) OF EARLY HUMANS
ACCORDING TO THE MAP, WHERE DID EARLY HUMANS ORIGIN?
AFRICA
LOUIS & MARY LEAKEY (1903-1972) - Kenyan archaeologists who began looking for early human remains in East Africa. They found many tools, bones & other artifacts.
DONALD JOHANSON - (1974) archaeologist who found “Lucy”, a part of an early human skeleton in Ethiopia
STANDARDS FOR BEING HUMAN:
1. 90cc (cubic cm) skull size
2. Upright vertebrate
3. Thumb for tool making
WHAT ARE THESE IMAGES & WHAT DO THEY TELL US ABOUT EARLY HUMANS?
*NOTES*
Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age) 2 million B.C. - 10,000 B.C.
1. Hunting & gathering societies
2. Nomads- people who travel from place to place in constant search of food and water
3. People traveled in small groups
4. Simple tools/weapons made of stone, bone & wood
5. Use of clothes & fire
6. Cave paintings found of animals
7. Animism- religion which involves worshipping spirits in nature
FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER CIVILIZATIONS
We begin at about 8,000 BCwhen village life began in the New Stone Age. . . Also known as theNeolithic Revolution.
NEW STONE AGE
WHAT IS THE REVOLUTION? A TOTALLY NEW WAY OF LIVING: From
Hunter-Gatherersto Agriculture
THE INVENTION OF AGRICULTURE CHANGED THE WAY PEOPLE LIVED.
• Agriculture (Farming)
• Growth of Cities
• Division of Labor (Specialization)
• Trade
• Writing and Mathematics
FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF CIVILAZATON
AIM: What advances in government, technology, and culture did early civilizations make?
DO NOW: Write down three words associated with the word civilized. (5 minutes)
OUR CIVILIZATION: NEW YORK CITY
WHAT FACTORS MAKE US A “CIVILIZED” AND COMPLEX SOCIETY? Write down at least 3 ideas.
*NOTES*
CIVILIZATION- (1) group of people living and working together for the purpose of creating an organized society.
(2) “the highest cultural grouping of people which distinguishes humans from other species”
(3) “complex systems or network of cities that emerge from pre-urban culture”
WHAT IS A CIVILIZATION???
Government
Religion
System of Writing
Class Structure
Division of Labor
1. ORGANIZED GOVERNMENT
Organize people to grow and distribute food
Make and enforce laws
Plan / organize large projects
Standardize money / collect taxes
Build an army for protection
2. ORGANIZED RELIGION Theocracy – Government by religion Early civilizations were ruled by priests
Set up rituals, symbols and shrines
Priests were gods or the representatives of gods
Polytheism – Many gods
3. SYSTEM OF WRITING A way to keep track of records
Laws to follow
Taxes to collect
What has been stored
Passes on knowledge to others
Priests were the ones who wrote
4. CLASS STRUCTURE
Ruler – Usually a priest
Priests/Nobles – Priests worked with gods Nobles were warriors with land
Merchants – People who traded
Shopkeepers/Artisans – Working class with some skills
Laborers/Farmers – Workers – no skills
Slaves – No freedom – lowest class
5. DIVISION OF LABORP
rovides goods and services
People develop specialized skills
Encourages trade and new technology
Encourages a system of social classes