Goal 9Goal 9US History US History Review Review

Enlarging the Role of GovernmentEnlarging the Role of Government Objectives:Objectives:    

9.05 Assess the impact of New Deal reforms in 9.05 Assess the impact of New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government in enlarging the role of the federal government in American life.American life.

    Lesson links: 1920’s prosperity turns into Lesson links: 1920’s prosperity turns into disaster and depression in 1930’s disaster and depression in 1930’s America America 

Federal Government took more active role in Federal Government took more active role in the lives of American citizens.the lives of American citizens.

Increased responsibility to citizens.Increased responsibility to citizens. Received a great deal of opposition by the Received a great deal of opposition by the

republican partyrepublican party

Stock Market Crash Stock Market Crash was caused bywas caused by OverspeculationOverspeculation

Stocks were Stocks were OverpricedOverpriced

Stocks were Stocks were overpriced and the overpriced and the crash brought share crash brought share prices back to a prices back to a normal levels.normal levels.

stock value Price stock value Price ratios were too high. ratios were too high.

Content: Republicans Big Business, small gov’tContent: Republicans Big Business, small gov’t Republicans of the late 1920’s wanted to reduce Republicans of the late 1920’s wanted to reduce

government influence of big businessgovernment influence of big business Republicans cut Taxes for the rich and supported Republicans cut Taxes for the rich and supported

probusiness policies in the 1920’s probusiness policies in the 1920’s Republicans stopped progressive reform efforts under Republicans stopped progressive reform efforts under

the leadership of republican presidents Hardening , the leadership of republican presidents Hardening , Coolidge and Hoover. Coolidge and Hoover.

Content: Content: As the United States was the largest exporter of both As the United States was the largest exporter of both agricultural goods and industrial products, due ton the Hawley Smoot agricultural goods and industrial products, due ton the Hawley Smoot tariff the result was worldwide depression. tariff the result was worldwide depression.

The Hawley-Smoot Tariff raised tariffs to their highest levels in US The Hawley-Smoot Tariff raised tariffs to their highest levels in US history. Its proponents, including President Hoover, believed that the history. Its proponents, including President Hoover, believed that the high tariffs would help American industry and agriculture in a time of high tariffs would help American industry and agriculture in a time of severe depression. In fact, it lead to worldwide depression. severe depression. In fact, it lead to worldwide depression. Goal 9Goal 9

Content: Content: easy consumer crediteasy consumer credit The factors that contributed to both the boom The factors that contributed to both the boom

and bust of the 1920’s and 1930s in the united and bust of the 1920’s and 1930s in the united States. States.

Many people increased their debtMany people increased their debt

Content: Dust Bowl - Agricultural depressionContent: Dust Bowl - Agricultural depression During the 1920's, farmers in the United States During the 1920's, farmers in the United States

experienced the worst Depression in history; an experienced the worst Depression in history; an economic slump which turned on its head the economic slump which turned on its head the prosperity of the 1920's a slump in which prosperity of the 1920's a slump in which thousands of farmers lost their farms. thousands of farmers lost their farms.

The Bonus Army, The Bonus Army, some 15,000 to some 15,000 to 20,000 World War I 20,000 World War I veterans from across veterans from across the country, marched the country, marched on the Capitol in June on the Capitol in June 1932 to request early 1932 to request early payment of cash payment of cash bonuses due to them bonuses due to them in 1945. in 1945.

The Great Depression The Great Depression had destroyed the had destroyed the economy, leaving economy, leaving many veterans many veterans jobless.jobless.

During the Great Depression, tens of thousands of During the Great Depression, tens of thousands of newly displaced jobless and homeless people newly displaced jobless and homeless people erected shantytowns, creating slapdash temporary erected shantytowns, creating slapdash temporary houses from scavenged scrap wood, scrap metal, houses from scavenged scrap wood, scrap metal, cardboard, crates, bricks and other junk. Named after cardboard, crates, bricks and other junk. Named after then-President Herbert Hoover, these sad testaments to then-President Herbert Hoover, these sad testaments to economic crisis sprawled from coast to coast were economic crisis sprawled from coast to coast were called Hoovervilles.called Hoovervilles.

Millions of Americans Millions of Americans were unemployed during were unemployed during the Great Depression. the Great Depression. President Roosevelt's President Roosevelt's New Deal created some New Deal created some new jobs, but many new jobs, but many elderly people could not elderly people could not work and were living in work and were living in poverty. The President poverty. The President asked Frances Perkins, asked Frances Perkins, the first female cabinet the first female cabinet member, to develop an member, to develop an "old-age" insurance "old-age" insurance program. The resulting program. The resulting Social Security Act of Social Security Act of 1935 was one of the New 1935 was one of the New Deal greatest program to Deal greatest program to provide elderly retired provide elderly retired workers with pensions. workers with pensions.

Roosevelt New Deal programs required Roosevelt New Deal programs required bold bold experimentation experimentation

The The New deal enlarged the size of federal New deal enlarged the size of federal governmentgovernment

The federal government under FDR took The federal government under FDR took responsibility responsibility for the welfare of its citizens for the welfare of its citizens

FDR New deal programs requiredFDR New deal programs required deficit spendingdeficit spending

The Volstead Act was a law that effectively reinforced the The Volstead Act was a law that effectively reinforced the prohibition of alcohol in the United States.prohibition of alcohol in the United States.

The Act stated, no person shall manufacture, sell, barter, The Act stated, no person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, furnish or possess any transport, import, export, deliver, furnish or possess any intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act.” It did not, intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act.” It did not, however, specifically ban the purchase and consumption of however, specifically ban the purchase and consumption of alcohol.alcohol.

The act was repelled due to violence and bootlegging associated The act was repelled due to violence and bootlegging associated with prohibition of alcohol with prohibition of alcohol

When President When President Roosevelt took office Roosevelt took office in 1933, he feverishly in 1933, he feverishly created program after created program after program to give program to give reliefrelief, , create jobs, and create jobs, and stimulate economic stimulate economic recoveryrecovery for the U.S. for the U.S. These programs were These programs were called relief, recovery called relief, recovery and and reformreform a a bold bold experimentationexperimentation to to reform and enlarge reform and enlarge the U.S. government the U.S. government to aid the people to aid the people during the great during the great depression. depression.

The 1920s are known The 1920s are known today as the “Jazz Age.”  today as the “Jazz Age.”  Jazz music was created at Jazz music was created at the beginning of the 20th the beginning of the 20th century.  It was influence century.  It was influence by blues and ragtime by blues and ragtime which were popular which were popular during previous years.  during previous years.  Since jazz was the Since jazz was the popular music of the popular music of the time, it was often played time, it was often played for social dancing.  For for social dancing.  For the most part, ballroom the most part, ballroom style dances were still style dances were still common.  Some popular common.  Some popular danced were the Fox danced were the Fox Trot, Black Bottom, Trot, Black Bottom, CharlestonCharleston, Waltz, and , Waltz, and Shag. Shag.

Content: Cars replaced railroads in the 1920sContent: Cars replaced railroads in the 1920s Social travel was mostly impacted by carsSocial travel was mostly impacted by cars The movement to upgrade the practical cars of The movement to upgrade the practical cars of

the 1920s escalated during the decade. The the 1920s escalated during the decade. The luxurious, large, high-class cars captured the luxurious, large, high-class cars captured the imaginations of the people. (I guess nothings imaginations of the people. (I guess nothings changed!)changed!)

Content: FlappersContent: Flappers The 19th amendment gave women the right to The 19th amendment gave women the right to

votevote Women (Flappers) began to challenge Women (Flappers) began to challenge

traditional values traditional values

Red Scare 1919Red Scare 1919 Unemployment Unemployment

surged upward until surged upward until summer of 1919. summer of 1919. There were 3600 There were 3600 strikes in 1919 strikes in 1919 involving 4 million involving 4 million workers. The cost of workers. The cost of living was 99% higher living was 99% higher in 1919 than in 1914 in 1919 than in 1914 due to inflation, some due to inflation, some people began to think people began to think that communism that communism might be a better might be a better system causing the system causing the red Scarered Scare

WORKS PROGRESS WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATIONADMINISTRATION (Relief)(Relief) Established under the Established under the $4.8 billion Emergency $4.8 billion Emergency Relief Appropriation Act Relief Appropriation Act of 1935, the WPA lasted of 1935, the WPA lasted until 1943 and employed until 1943 and employed at least 8.5 million at least 8.5 million people. They built people. They built thousands of roads, thousands of roads, bridges, schools, post bridges, schools, post offices and other public offices and other public construction construction projects. The New deal projects. The New deal enlarged the size of enlarged the size of government and put government and put people back to work people back to work

Content: Reduction of agricultural cultivation.Content: Reduction of agricultural cultivation. Agricultural Adjustment Administration task Agricultural Adjustment Administration task

was farm cultivation for farmerswas farm cultivation for farmers who would who would receive a benefit payment. receive a benefit payment.

The Agricultural Adjustment Act was one of the The Agricultural Adjustment Act was one of the political success stories of the New Deal.political success stories of the New Deal.

FDR: Court packing FDR: Court packing

FDR tried to increase FDR tried to increase the number of the number of justices to the justices to the supreme court, he supreme court, he wanted to insure wanted to insure passage of his New passage of his New Deal programs Deal programs

Court disapproved of Court disapproved of FDR deficit spending FDR deficit spending and tried to halt and tried to halt many of the many of the presidents New deal presidents New deal programs. programs.

Huey Long “Share Our Wealth,” Huey Long Huey Long “Share Our Wealth,” Huey Long overwhelmed FDR’s challenge New Deal and overwhelmed FDR’s challenge New Deal and dazzled the poor class, Long’s sudden death dazzled the poor class, Long’s sudden death ended his presidential campaigns but his idealsended his presidential campaigns but his ideals

19341934: No person allowed a net worth more than $5 : No person allowed a net worth more than $5 million. Annual taxes would be used to enforce this million. Annual taxes would be used to enforce this mandate on all persons with a net worth over $1 mandate on all persons with a net worth over $1 million. million.

Machine Age in Manufacturing led to the Machine Age in Manufacturing led to the Harding Harding administration, passage of a stop-gap administration, passage of a stop-gap immigration immigration quotaquota by Congress in 1921 for the purpose of slowing by Congress in 1921 for the purpose of slowing the flood of immigrants entering the United States.the flood of immigrants entering the United States.

President Harding administration followed the policy of President Harding administration followed the policy of 'isolationism' after World war I, increasing tariffs on 'isolationism' after World war I, increasing tariffs on foreign imports to protect American industry. foreign imports to protect American industry.