.

Here, surely, was a most excellent reason for

my failure. ( p.297)

"Hush!" he cried. ( p.263)

Ah, yes, here it is! ( p. 68)

"Oh, you are the young person who cannot

understand plain English, are you? (p.40)

MODAL WORDS

Express the attitude

of the speaker to the

reality, possibility or

of the action he speech about.

MW

a) Words expressing certainly: certainly, surely, assuredly, of course, no doubt, apparently, undoubtedly.

b) Words expressing supposition: perhaps, maybe, possibly, probably.

e.g. Perhaps I can make something of the fellow. (p.265)

That maybe I should have spoken about

before this. (p.465)"Do you think, Sir, that you could possibly send me on

some mission for the paper? (p.18)

In the first place, you are probably aware that two years

ago I made a journey to South America. (p.57)

e.g. My feelings for the loathsome profession to which you

unhappily belong. (p.131) But, happily, there were limits to the strain which the

rope would stand. (p.409) But, fortunately I was rescued from an odious

situation. (p.47)

c) Words showing whether the speaker considers the action he speaks about desirable or undesirable: happily- unhappily, luckily- unluckily.

Simple ( and, or ,but, till, after, that, so, where, when.)

Derivative ( until, unless, etc.)

Compound (however, whereas, wherever, etc.)

Composite ( as well as, as long as, in case, on the ground that, for the reason that, etc.)

e.g. He resumed his unpleasant and stealthy advance, pointing his toes as he walked.(p.45) When I needed help so sorely? (p.41)It is all up with the old dear unless some food is got into him. (p.117)

And, not, neither…nor, either..or, etc.

e.g. But if it is neither bird nor bat.(p.76)

I am not aware that they are dependent upon endorsement

either from you or anyone else. (p.34)

while, though, that, than,etc.

e.g. That the wing of a bird is really the forearm,

while the wing of a bat consists of three elongated fingers. (p.76)

It was just after eleven, and the big room was fairly full, though

the rush had not yet set in. (p.25)

1) copulative: and, nor, as well as, both…and,

not only… but (also), neither… nor.

e.g. Showed that the audience would be popular as well

as scientific. (p.90)

2) disjunctive: or, either…. or, or else, else.

e.g. How else could he come by his broken bones.

(p.193)

3) adversative: but, while, whereas.

e.g. The slopes of the knoll were bare, but there a

few trees on the summit. (p.126)

4) causative-consecutive: so, for.

e.g. But whereas the whistle is a clear, mechanical,

sharp-edged sound. (p.261)