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_____________HOOKE
The first to ____________
cells. Responsible for ____________
them
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________LEEUWENHOEK SCHLEIDEN SCHWANN VIRCHOW
Made better ______________
and observed cells in greater
______________. First to observe
______________
The first to note that
_____________ were made up of
___________
Concluded that all ___________ ___________
were made up of ___________
Proposed that all cells come from ____________
__________
IDENTIFY
NAMING
LENSES
DETAIL
NUCLEUS
PLANTS
CELLS
LIVING THINGS
CELLS
OTHER CELLS
CORK ANIMALCULES RESPONSIBLE FOR CELL THEORY
1. ___________________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________________
ALL ORGANISMS ARE MADE OF CELLS
THE CELL IS THE MOST BASIC UNIT OF LIFE.
ALL EXISTING CELLS ARE PRODUCED BY OTHER LIVING CELLS
1st to see cell walls in cork tissue
Discovered the nucleus in plant cells
Said plants and animal tissues are composed of cells
All organisms are made of cells
The cell is the most basic unit of life
All existing cells are produced by other living cells
• Microscope Function Magnifies up to…
______________ microscope Uses light. __________
______________ microscope Light cannot pass. _________
______________ microscope Uses electrons __________
1000X
40X
500,000X
COMPOUND LIGHT
STEREO
ELECTRON
Also known as ______________ scopeDISSECTING
COMPOUND LIGHT STEREOSCOPE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
LIGHT MICROSCOPEeyepiece
Arm
Stage
Course Adjustment
Fine Adjustment
Base
Diaphragm
Light Source
Stage Clips
Turrett
Focus Objective
High Power Objective
Low Objective
Body Tube
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
14.
6.
7.
8.
9.
12.
11.
10.
13.
EYEPIECE
BODYTUBE
TURRETT
LOW POWER OBJECTIVE
STAGE
DIAPHRAGM
LIGHT SOURCE
BASE
FOCUS OBJECTIVE
ARM
FINE ADJUSTMENT
COURSE ADJUSTMENT
STAGE CLIPSHIGH POWER OBJECTIVE
The focus objective focuses __________ The low power objective focuses _______ The high power objective focuses _______Keep in mind, there is also a lens in the EYEPIECE
that focuses __________ “ON TOP OF” the magnificationof the objective lenses.
Therefore, _____________________________would be:_______________ X _________________
Practice: EYEPIECE X OBJECTIVE = TOTAL MAGNIFICATION
TOTAL MAGNIFICATION OF FOCUS POWER__________ X __________ = ______________
TOTAL MAGNIFICATION OF LOW POWER__________ X __________ = ______________
TOTAL MAGNIFICATION OF HIGH POWER__________ X __________ = ______________
4X10X40X
10X
TOTAL MAGNIFICATIONEYEPIECE OBJECTIVE
10 4 40 X
10 X 10 X 100 X
10 X 40 X 400 X
Where you place your eye.
Contains ______ ______ that
usually magnifies ______.
Tube that supports the ______ _______ and connects it to the _________________.ONE LENS
10x
EYE PIECE
TURRETT/NOSE PIECE
______________ that magnify objects to varying
__________.
FOCUS OBJECTIVE:
______________________________________________
LOW POWER OBJECTIVE:______________________________________________
HIGH POWER OBJECTIVE:______________________________________________
Holds the _____________
in place
SLIDE
LENSES
“POWERS”
SHORTEST LENS (4X) ONLY USED FOR SCANNING
SMALL LENS (10 X)LOW MAGNIFYING POWER
LONGEST LENS (40 X)HIGH MAGNIFYING POWER
Supports the _____________
Knobs that make adjustments to the ______________
COURSE ADJUSTMENT
___________________________________________________________________________
FINE ADJUSTMENT ___________________________________________________________________________
MICROSCOPE
FOCUS
MAKES LARGE ADJUSTMENTS
USED WITH FOCUS AND
LOW POWER OBJECTIVES
MAKES SMALL ADJUSTMENTS
USED WITH HIGH POWER
OBJECTIVE ONLY
Directs light up through the
______________ and through the
______________ so that it may be
______________
DIAPHRAGM
SPECIMEN
VIEWED
Supports the __________________SLIDE/SPECIMEN
Also known as the _______________. It is the rotating device that holds the
_____________/ (_________).
TURRETT
OBJECTIVES LENSES
An adjustable ________________ under the stage, allowing different __________ of __________
onto the stage.
OPENING
AMOUNTS LIGHT
arm - this attaches the eyepiece and body tube to the base.base - this supports the microscope.body tube - the tube that supports the eyepiece.coarse focus adjustment - a knob that makes large adjustments to the focus.diaphragm - an adjustable opening under the stage, allowing different amounts of light onto the stage.eyepiece - where you place your eye.fine focus adjustment - a knob that makes small adjustments to the focus (it is often smaller than the coarse focus knob).high-power objective - a large lens with high magnifying power.inclination joint - an adjustable joint that lets the arm tilt at various angles.low-power objective - a small lens with low magnifying power.mirror (or light source) - this directs light upwards onto the slide.revolving nosepiece - the rotating device that holds the objectives (lenses).stage - the platform on which a slide is placed.stage clips - metal clips that hold a slide securely onto the stage.
____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
arm - this attaches the eyepiece and body tube to the base.base - this supports the microscope.body tube - the tube that supports the eyepiece.coarse focus adjustment - a knob that makes large adjustments to the focus.diaphragm - an adjustable opening under the stage, allowing different amounts of light onto the stage.eyepiece - where you place your eye.fine focus adjustment - a knob that makes small adjustments to the focus (it is often smaller than the coarse focus knob).high-power objective - a large lens with high magnifying power.inclination joint - an adjustable joint that lets the arm tilt at various angles.low-power objective - a small lens with low magnifying power.mirror (or light source) - this directs light upwards onto the slide.revolving nosepiece - the rotating device that holds the objectives (lenses).stage - the platform on which a slide is placed.stage clips - metal clips that hold a slide securely onto the stage.
http://www.johnkyrk.com/CellIndex.html
_______________
_______________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
The outer most side of an animal cell, that gives the cell shape and holds in cytoplasm.
(Also contains pores to allow some particles to move in and out of the cell.)
CELL
MEMBRANE
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
The clear, jellylike material between the cell membrane and the nucleus that makes up most of the cell
(Most of all cell activity occurs here.)
CYTOPLASM_______________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
______________
_
The control center of the cell.Parts of the Nucleus:
Nuclear Membrane: The membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
Nuclear Pores: allow some particles to move in and out of the nucleus
Nucleolus
Chromosomes
NUCLEUS
____________________________
__
____________________________
__
The membrane that surrounds the nucleus. ________________________________________
NUCLEAR
MEMBRANE
NUCLEAR
PORES
Nuclear Membrane in Green
____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________
Thread-like cell parts with information that determines what traits a living thing will have.
CHROMOSOMESNuclear Membrane in Red
_______________
HELPS MAKE RIBOSOMES. ________________________________________
NUCLEOLUS
__________________________________________________________________________Responsible for supplying ENERGY to the cell.
____________MITOCHONDRIA
________________________________________________________________________________________
Helps digest, (break down), waste materials of cell.
____________LYSOSOMES
______________
______________
_______________________________________
GOLGI
APPARATUS
Packages materials for the cell.
_______________
_______________
________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
Moves cell materials from cell membrane to nuclear membrane and visa versa.
(Can usually find ribosomes on this network.)
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
_______________
MAKES PROTEINS FOR THE BODY.
FOUND ON ENDOPLASMICE RETICULUM AND THROUGHOUT CYTOPLASM
RIBOSOMES
_____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________Parts of an ANIMAL cell that help with cell REPRODUCTION
____________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________Stores food and water for cell
________VACUOLE
ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL
Contains many small vacuoles Contains one large “central vacuole that takes up most of the space inside of a plant cell
____________
_________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
The outer most side of an plant cell, (surrounds the cell
membrane), that gives the cell structure, and a specific shape.
(More rigid than cell membrane.)
CELL WALL
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The plant cell parts that contain the green pigment, chlorophyll, which are responsible for
producing food.
CHLOROPLASTS______________________
Label the organelles of this animal cell. 1. _________________
2. _________________
3. _________________
4. _________________
5. _________________
6. _________________
7. _________________
8. _________________
9. _________________
10._________________
11._________________
12._________________
13._________________
1. NUCLEOLUS
2. NUCLEUS
3. RIBOSOMES
4. VESICLE
5. ROUGH ER
6. GOLGI BODIES
7. CELL MEMBRANE
8. SMOOTH ER
9. MITOCHONDRIA
10.VACUOLE
11.CYTOPLASM
12.LYSOSOME
13.CENTRIOLES
1. ____________
2. ____________
3. ____________
4. ____________
5. ____________
6. ____________
7. ____________
8. ____________
1._____________
2._____________3._____________
4._____________5._________
7.________
8._____________9._____________
11.___________
6._________
10.___________
12._______
12.__________
3._________
2.____________
1.____________4._________
5._________
6._________
7._________
8._________
9._________
10.___________
11.___________12.___________
1._____________
2._________________
3.__________
4.______________
5.______________
6.________________
7._________________
10.____________
9.____________
8.____________
7.____________
6._____________
5._____________
4.____________
3.____________
2.____________1._____________
1._______________
3._______________
4.______________
5._______________
6._______________
7._______________
8._______________
2._______________
1.__________________
2.__________________
3.__________________
4.__________________
5.__________________
6.__________________
7.__________________
8.__________________
9.__________________
10.__________________
11.__________________
12.__________________
1._________
2.____________
3._______________
4.______________________
5.______________________
6.______________________
7.______________________
8.______________________
9._____________________
11._____________________
10.___________
1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________
5. _____________
6. ________________
7. _____________
8. _____________
9. _____________
10. _____________
11. _____________
12. _____________
1. ____________________ 2. ____________________
3. ____________________
4. ____________________
5. ____________________
6. ____________________
7. ____________________
8. ____________________
9. ____________________
10. ____________
11. __________
1. ____________________ 2. ____________________
3. ____________________
4. ____________________
5. ____________________
6. ____________________7. ____________________
8. ____________________
9. ____________________
10. ____________________
ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL
List the cell organelles that are “shared” by both animal and plant cells on the lines in the middle column. List the organelles that are specialized parts in the boxes indicated.
Plant Cell Differences from Animal Cell…
• Cell Wall: Made of cellulose are only found around plant cells. Allows plants to grow to great heights while still allowing the plant to keep it’s shape.
• Chloroplasts: conduct photosynthesis; absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide gas to produce food for the plant.
• Vacuole: stores food, water, and minerals
• Cell membrane: controls what moves into and out of the cell• Nucleus: regulates ALL cell activity, commands the cell.• Chromosomes: In the nucleus of each cell, made up of DNA,
thread like structures tightly coiled, determines what traits a living thing will have
• Ribosomes: Cell part where proteins are made. (Proteins-building block to life, a sequence of amino acids)
• Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: Appears rough b/c ribosomes are embedded in it’s membrane. RER- transport chemicals between and within the cell
• Digestive Sac: Destroys worn out parts, gets rid of • Mitochondria: are the cell's power producers. They convert
energy into forms that are usable by the cell.• Golgi: packages proteins inside the cell before they are sent to
their destination• Centrioles: All animal cells have 2, they help in reproduction
Can you label the following animal cell?
MitochondriaCell membraneNucleolusNucleusDigestive SacNuclear membraneCytoplasmGolgiRibosomes
Your Turn!Label and Color Your Own Animal Cell
Work Sheet!
Activity: Label Animal Cell Worksheet
Your Turn!Label and Color Your Own Animal Cell
Work Sheet!
Activity: Label Plant Cell Worksheet
Can you label the following plant cell?
SER: packages proteinsAmyloplast: Transforms glucose into starchCytoplasm: Fluid that fills a cell
Parts of a city
a. Power plant b. Fence around the city with gates c. Streets
d. Wrecking company e. City hall with planning department f. Warehouse
g. Storage company h. factories
1. ______ Cell Membrane function: _______________________________________
2. ______ Nucleus function: ____________________________________________
3. ______ Endoplasmic Reticulum function: ________________________________
4. ______ Ribosomes function: __________________________________________
5. ______ Golgi Bodies function: _________________________________________
6. ______ Mitochondria function: _________________________________________
7. ______ Lysosomes function: __________________________________________
8. ______ Vacuoles function: ____________________________________________
To get an idea of how a cell works, compare it to a city. Both a city and a cell act as their own environments, with many parts working together. Parts of the cell are like parts of the city. In some ways, cell parts and city parts are alike in the way they work.
Try to figure out which parts of the cell are like which parts of the city. First, write the functions of he cells parts listed below. Then, look at the list of parts of a city. Think about how each part of the city works. Finally, next to each cell part, write the letter that goes with the part of the city that has the most similar function
Comparing a cell to a town…• Cell membrane= compared to a town fence or
border- controlling what comes into or out of a town/cell
• Cell nucleus= the town’s police station- regulating all activity in the town
• Chromosomes= a town’s blueprints found in the police station, blueprints to the town
• RER= An airport-transports• Digestive Sacs= Trash men- gets rid of wastes• Mitochondria= The gym-energy• Golgi=Post Office-packages
Transport across Cell Membrane’s…
• The cell membrane has the property of selective permeability- meaning it allows some but not all materials to cross over the membrane into the cell.
• Passive transport: the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy input from the cell.
• Facilitated transport: the diffusion of molecules across a membrane through protein.
• Active transport: drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
A cell may also use energy to move a large substance or a large amount of a substance in vesicles. Transport in vesicles lets substances enter or exit a cell without crossing through the membrane.
Endocytosis: taking liquids into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane. The cell membrane makes a pocket around the substance, the pocket breaks off inside the cell and forms a vesicle which then fuses with a lysosome. Lysosome breaks it down and it is released into the cell.
Phagocytosis: a type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane engulfs large particles.
Exocytosis: it is the release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane.
Diffusion
Diffusion Video
Diffusion:
Movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration
Osmosis
Osmosis video
Osmosis: The movement of water across the cell membrane
a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.
**When there are more water molecules outside the cell, they move into the cell. When there are more water molecules inside the cell, they move out!**
Organization
CellTissueOrganOrgan System Organism
Cells from intestineconnective tissuesmall intestinedigestive systemhuman
A group if cells makes up a tissue, a group of tissues make up an organ, a group of organs make up an organ system…