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Building a Web Page 26 August 2010
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Building a Web Page26 August 2010
Agenda
How a computer works The Internet Browsers Web Pages
How a Computer Works
Question: What film character is a good analogy to a computer?
Answer It is actually a very simple machine:
It executes exactly what it is told to do
Simplified Computer Model
processor
instructions data
1. Get the instruction2. Get the data3. Do what it says
Storing Information:Binary System
Everyone knows that computers store bits, right?
What does it mean?› All data is stored as a series of zeroes and
ones Why?
10
=
Representing Numbers
Additive system› ||||| |||||› Every item represents 1› Examples of additive systems?
Positional system› Value = face * place› 37 = 3*10 + 7*1
||||
Positional System
Base = number of different values in a position› Base 10 = 10 values: 0-9› Base 2 = 2 values: 0-1
Value of each position = power of base› b4 b3 b2 b1 b0
› Binary: 24 23 22 21 20
› 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Where do you see these numbers?
What is the Internet?
The machines The connections The content
The Internet in 1980
The Internet Circa 1998
Two Types of Computers
Servers: contain information to share Clients: machine with a web browser
to access that information
Server Client
Web Server
PagesBrowse
r
The Browser
BROWSER software on your
machine (client)WEB PAGE instructions stored
on a serverBrowser retrieves
web page from server and then follows instructions
BROWSER:Web page processor(software program)
InstructionsText
Anatomy of a URL
Protocol: server-name/file-to-display HOW WHERE WHAT
Protocol: usually http Have you ever seen others? https? telnet? ftp?
Server-name The computer’s name
Usually begins with www Usually ends with 3 characters that define the kind of site
However, there are no rules: as long as its registered, you can get there
File-to-display Can be a whole path (just like Windows)
Identifying Servers
Every machine has an address (IP address)› nn.nn.nn.nn, numbers from 0 to 127
What is your address?› http://www.lawrencegoetz.com/programs/ipinfo/
BUT numbers are too hard to remember› DNS (Domain name servers) map them for us› Look under Network Connections
Web Pages
Text file that says what to display› Web pages use HTML (HyperText Markup
Language) a little history
Two types of information› Instructions on how or what to display› Text (the data)
Instructions are in the form of tags› < command >
Do NOT need any special tools to build› BUT tools can make it easier
Choosing Tools
Very fancy tools exist› Ease of building vs. Control› Cost
We will use an editors that help you get it right
We will NOT use tools that hide what you are doing
We will use Komodo Editor
Why Learn HTML?
Mainly, to demystify But more than that -- even if using a package Sometimes you …
› can’t figure out how to make it do what you want
› can’t figure out what is wrong› just want to make some minor changes
If you understand how it works, YOU are in control
General Structure: HTML Page
<html>
<! --- most important item in head is the title --- ><head>
<meta content="text/html“><title>Put your title here</title>
</head>
<! --- body is where the “good stuff” is --- ><body>What will appear on the page<br>Here … and there</body>
</html>
WARNING: This is not a complete page.
Sharing Web Pages
Using Komodo Editor creates a web page on your machine› You can use the browser to look at it
But who else can see it?› NOBODY
Want it to be on a SERVER› UNC provides: ISIS
UNC Site
UNC website› Everything that is going to be available on the
web must be in your public_html folder› Treats index.html as your home page› Default is “This page is blank”
Creating WWW Pages at UNC-CH› http://help.unc.edu/?id=108
How to Transfer
UNC discusses sftp (Windows) and fetch (Mac)
We will use Filezilla Why?
› Simpler interface› Cross platform
