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ITS332
Overview
HTTP Communication HTTP Communication for Web
Static Dynamic Dynamic Content
PHP PHP Block PHP Programming Style
Database MySQL
HTTP Communication
HTTP Communication for Web
Static Web
• The contents of the web are fixed, hard coded in the markup language (HTML)
• (What you see is what you get).
• used to display fixed information which most often does not need to be updated on a regular basis
Dynamic Web
• The contents of the web are coded using client or server side scripting which requires special interpretation to produce interactive or dynamic elements in the page• search results• number of visitors• user login• message boards
HTTP Communication for Web – Static
HTTP Communication for Web – Static
HTTP Communication for Web – Dynamic
HTML + JavaScript
HTTP Communication for Web – Dynamic
HTML + PHP
HTTP Communication for Web – Dynamic
HTML + PHP
HTTP Communication for Web – Dynamic
HTTP Communication for Web – Dynamic Content
HTTP Communication for Web
Benefit of Dynamic Web Content
• Have ability to customize pages for any given user.• Greater ease of modification and update.• Extended functionality (login, transactions,
communication etc.)• Automating the site and allowing it to support itself.
Less pages to manually create.
PHP
PHP's name is an recursive acronym for: Hypertext Preprocessor
PHP script is an HTML- embedded scriting language Designed to do something only after event occurs. e.g. when user submit forms
A Server-Side language the code resides on a host computer that serves Web pages
to the requesting visitors (client). PHP is easy to use for Web development because it has many
built-in functions that make web programming simpler, so that programmers can focus on the logic of programming without wasting precious development time
PHP
client serverURL request
HTML
PHP
Script requestHTML
PHP code skeleton:
PHP Block
<?php …. ?>
<? … ?>
<script language = “PHP”> … </script>
First style
Second style
Third style
PHP Programming Style
Sending data to web browser
Use PHP built in functions Example
echo ‘Hello Student’; print “ How are you”;
Case-insensitive for function names ECHO, echo, Echo
Other print functions print_r, var_dump - value of variable print_f - formatting what you print
White spaces - blank lines, tabs and extra spaces To alter spacing of finished web page, use
<br /> - line break <p></p> - paragraph
To alter spacing of HTML source from PHP, use echo() or print() over the course of several lines \n (newline character) within double quotation marks
White space, HTML and PHP
Writing comments
Important aspect to dynamic web site development Viewable in the source but not in the browser
window PHP supports 3 type of comments
# this is a comment // this is also a comment /* this is a larger comment that spans two line */
Variables
Rules of thumbVariable name must start with dollar sign ($)Combination of strings, numbers and the underscoreFirst character after dollar sign cannot be a numberCase sensitiveAssigned value using equals sign (=)
String
A quoted chunk of letters, numbers, spaces, punctuation .. Example strings
‘hello’ ‘software’ ‘1000’ ’12 January, 2006’
String variable – assign a string value to valid variable name $today =’16 July, 2007’;
To print out echo $today; echo “Today is $today”;
Concatenation string Addition of strings using period (.).
$day=‘12’; $month=‘January’; $year =‘2006’; $today = $day . ’ ‘ . $month . ’ ‘ . $year;
Use it extensively when building database queries in later chapters
Numbers
Valid number-type variables can be 8 3.14 1098727272798 -4.2828282
Arithmetic operators + addition - subtraction * multiplication / division % modular ++ increment -- decrement
Numbers
Functions round()
$j = 3.14; $k = round( $j);
number_format() $p =20980; $g=number_format($p); $g=number_format($p,2);
Constant
Specific data type Retain initial value throughout script Cannot change once it has been set
Use define() define (‘AGE’, ‘value’);
Print constant echo ‘Hello, ‘ . AGE; OR echo ‘Hello,’, AGE;
Single quote -> values treated literally Double quote -> interpolated Example:
$var =‘Hello’;
echo “var equal to $var”; var equal to hello
echo ‘var equal to $var’; var equal to $var
echo “\$var is equal to $var”; $var is equal to hello
Single vs Double Quotation Marks
“” replace variables name with its value and a special
character’s code (\$) with its represented value ‘’
display exactly what you type, except for the escaped single quote (\’) and the escape backslash(\\).
Single vs Double quotation marks
PROGRAMMING WITH PHP
PROGRAMMING WITH PHP
Creating an HTML form Handling an HTML form Conditional and Operators Validating Form Data Sending Values to A Script Manually What are Arrays For and While Loops
Discuss on..
Managing HTML form with PHP involves 2 steps :
1. Step 1:Create HTML form with any text editor• HTML form (.htm/.html) is created using the HTML form tags and
various input types.
2. Step 2:Create PHP scripts that receives form data• PHP script (.php) is created to receives the submitted form data
and handle it.
HTML form
Handling HTML form Step 1: create html form
Step 2: create php scripts that receive form data
Step 1: create html form form.html
how dat ais sent(get or post)
which page the form data will be send
Step 2: create php script procesform.php
If you have a text box in html form with name attribute age, PHP will store the text entered there in a variable called $age (registered global variable)
$age is similar to $_POST[‘age’] (superglobal variables)
eg : ( in HTML form)
eg : ( in PHP scripts)
echo “<p>Thank you, {$_POST[‘age’]} for the following comments”;
Superglobal variable
<p><b>Age: </b><input type ="text" name=“age" size="20" maxlength="40"/></p>
attributes
Dynamic web frequently use conditionals to alter script behavior
3 primary terms – if, else, elseif
Syntax:
if (condition) { // do something!}
if (condition) { // do something!} else { // do something else!}
Conditional and Operators
if (condition1) { // do something!} elseif (condition2) { // do something else!} else { // do something else!}
Condition can be TRUE for any number of reasons. Below are common TRUE conditions:
$var, if $var has a value other than 0, an empty string or NULL
isset($var), if $var has any value other than NULL, including 0 and an empty string.
TRUE
Conditional and Operators
Conditional and Operators
Comparative and Logical Operators
Symbol Meaning Type example
= Is assigned the value of Assignment $n=1
== Is equal to Comparison $x==$y
!= Is not equal to Comparison $x!=$y
< Less than Comparison $x < $y
> Greater than Comparison $x > $y
switch Used in place of a long if–elseif–else conditional
Syntax :switch ($variable) {
case ‘value1’ :// do thisbreak;
case ‘value2’ :// do thisbreak;
default :// do thisbreak;
}
Conditional and Operators
Use of conditionals and any number of functions, operators and expressions. Common functions : empty(), strlen(), isset()
Validating Form Data
Why validate form?
• To ensure that something was entered or selected in form elements.
• To ensure that submitted data is of the right type (numeric, string, etc), of the right format (eg: email addr), or a specific acceptable value (eg: $gender is either M or F)
Aims of validating data
2 ways to pass a PHP script variables and values
Use HTML hidden input type<input type=“hidden” name=”name” value=“Brian”/>- As long as this code is anywhere between the form tags, the variable
$name will have a value of ‘Brian’ in the handling PHP script
To append a value to the handling PHP scripts URLwww.smkbbb.edu.my/page.php?name=Brian- Emulate the get method of an HTML form
Sending Values to a script manually
The $source variable
The page (handle_calculator.php) that handles the form (calculator.html) will receive a $source variable to indicate where the data (hidden input) came from.
The $source variable need also be validated; is set or not and if it is set with value, is the value correct or not.
Observe the action attribute in the form tag below :
appended!
An array can hold multiple, separate pieces of information List of values Each value being a string or a number or even another array
Structured as a series of key-value pairs. Each item in the list, there is a key associate with it.
Support 2 kind of arrays Indexed – use numbers as the key Associative – use strings as key
What are Arrays?
What are Arrays?
Example – indexed $artists
Example – associative $states
Key Value
0 Low
1 Aimee
2 Ani Difranco
3 Spiritualized
Key Value
MD Maryland
PA Penssylvania
IL Illinois
MO Missouri
To retrieve a specific value from an array, refer to the array name, followed by the key, in square brackets echo $artists[2]; echo $states[‘MD’];
To print, wrap array name with curly braces echo “IL is the abbreviation for {$states[‘IL’]}.”;
What are Arrays?
Superglobal Arrays
Very useful and powerful tool By default, PHP uses several types of arrays
$_GET to store all of the variables and values sent via the get method $_POST to store all of the variables and values sent via the post method $_SESSION, $_COOKIE
Creating Arrays
Syntax to create arrays Add an element at a time
$array[] =‘value’; $array[] =‘value one’; $array[‘key’] =‘more values’;
Use array() function to build an entire array $array =array(‘key’ =>’value’, ‘key2’ => ‘value2’); $array =array(‘value’,’value2’,’value3’);
Create an array of sequential numbers, use range() $ten = range(1,10);
Accessing arrays
Access every array element, use foreach loop:Syntax :
foreach ($array as $value) echo $value ;
Iterate through every element in $array, assigning each element value to the $value variable.
To access both the keys and values Syntax : foreach ($array as $key => $value)
echo “The array value at $key is $value”;
Multidimensional arrays
An array consisting of other arrays Combine 2 arrays into 1 multidimensional array
$states = array (‘MD’ =>’MaryLand’, ‘IL’ =>’Illinois’); $provinces = array (‘QC’ =>’Quebec’, ‘AB’ =>’Alberta’); $abbr = array (‘US’ =>$states, ‘Canade =>$provinces’);
To access $states array $abbr[‘US’];
To access Maryland $abbr[‘US’][‘MD’]
To print out echo “The US state whose abbreviation is MD is {$abbr[‘US’][‘MD’]}.”;
Array and strings
2 functions for converting between strings and arrays $array = explode (separator, $string);
Turning a string into an array $string =‘Jan-Feb-Mac-Apr-May’; $array =explode (‘-’, $string);
$string = implode (glue, $array); Turning an array to string
$string =implode (‘ , ’, $array); $string= ‘Jan,Feb,Mac,Apr,May’;
Sorting Arrays
Use built in PHP function sort() – sort an array by value discarding the original keys
The array keys will be reset after the sorting process Avoid use this function if key-value relationship is important.
asort() – sort an array by value while maintaining the key ksort() – sort an array by key Each of these can sort reverse order by changing them to
rsort() , arsort() , krsort() shuffle() – to randomize the order of an array
For and While Loops
While loop If the condition is still true, the loop will be executed
Syntax :while (condition) { // do something
} For loop first the initial expression is run, checked the condition and if true,
content of the loop is executed. After execution, checked closing expression with condition again.Syntax :
for (initial expression; condition; closing expression) { // do something
}