Is learnedDiffuses (spreads)

Cultural traits: expressions of culture

▪ beliefs ▪ clothes, food▪ “building blocks” of culture

Masai of Kenya: centered on cattleU.S. football: sports culture

Folk Culture: tradition practices - small, homogeneous, rural group

Terraced Rice Fields, Thailand

Hogan, AZ yurt, Mongolia

Folk Culture and the Land

New EnglandMid-AtlanticSouthern Tidewater

Popular Culture:wide-ranging traits across a group of heterogeneous people

Clothing: Jeans…

Effects on Landscape: - sameness; “placelessness”

How do cultural traits diffuse?

Hearth: the point of origin of a cultural trait.

Contagious diffusion

Hierarchical diffusion

Material Culture

art, houses, clothing, food

Nonmaterial Culture

beliefs, music, oral traditions

Little Sweden (Lindsborg, Kansas): Is the Swedish Dala horse part of material or nonmaterial

culture?

neolocalism: reinvigorating in response to the “modern”

acculturation: a process in which members of one cultural a process in which members of one cultural group group adoptadopt the beliefs & behaviors of another the beliefs & behaviors of anotherassimilation: one cultural group dominated by another: one cultural group dominated by anothersyncretism: the merging of two different cultural forms : the merging of two different cultural forms ex: ex: SanteriaSanteria

Phoenix Indian School, 1900

Pocahontas in England 1616

With Distance Decay, diffusion decreases as distance from hearth increases.

With Time-Space Compression, the likelihood of diffusion depends technology

The visible human imprint on the landscape.

- organized system of spoken words

Dialect: regional differences

Migration & Isolation

Main Branches:

• Germanic - Dutch, German

• Romance - Spanish, French

• Baltic-Slavic - Russian

• Indo-Iranian - Hindu, Bengali

Lingua franca:a language widely spoken (Ex: English as global business language)

Pidgin language:combination of two or more languages into a simplified vocab (for trade; Ex: Swahili)

Creole language:a pidgin that has become an official language

“No eat da candy, Bruddah, it's pilau. Da thing wen fall on da ground.”

TOPONYM: a place name

Devil’s Tower, WY Badwater, Death Valley

Mt Cook, New Zealand

Cook Islands, Polynesia

group beliefs (rituals, religious landscapes)

Universalizing Religions: Christianity Islam Buddhism

Ethnic Religions: Judaism Hinduism