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“Issues in Authorship”
Dr Virginia Barbour, Chair, COPE
Medicine and Biology Editorial Director, PLOS
[email protected] @ginnybarbour
www.publicationethics.org; @C0PE
Publication Ethics: what’s it about?
• Ensuring the integrity of the scientific literature
• Part of research ethics more widely• Important in ensuring the literature is
trusted
NB Medicine has often driven publication ethics but no field is immune
• Analysis of 16 years of COPE Cases (1997- 2012)
• Team: Irene Hames (COPE Council), Charon Pierson (COPE Council), Natalie Ridgeway (COPE Operations Manager), Virginia Barbour (COPE Chair)
• Presented at 7th International Congress on Peer Review and Biomedical Publication, 8 September 2013, Chicago
COPE case analysis project
Issues related to authorship that have been & remain major topics
Authorship itself• disputed 45%
• changes 34%
• gift 10%
• ghost 9%
Plagiarism (~70% occurred 2005-12)
• in published article 52%
• in submitted article 38%
• text recycling 10% (most 2009-12)
Should we be rethinking authorship?
• Unique ID• Move to contributorship model
• Micro-attribution
• Debating issues of credit and responsibility in authorship
Where COPE comes in
• Education of editors and publishers
• Advice to member editors
• Facilitate and lead debate on publishing ethics
COPE
• More than 9000 members
• International in scope and fully inclusive in subject matter
• All academic disciplines and fields are now covered, eg:• Biomedicine• Pure and applied sciences• Engineering and technology• Arts, humanities and social sciences
COPE resourcesFlowchartsGuidance eg retractionsDiscussion documents, eg reviewer guidelinesSample letters Code of ConductBest Practice guidelinesDatabase of casesBlog/discussionForum meetings/seminars
Issues to consider
Publication ethics is becoming more public and more complex
• A power imbalance is often at the basis of authorship disputes
• The research literature is becoming more complex
• How do we deal with blogs, tweets & other new academic activity?
• We need an informed debate and acceptance of increased scrutiny and responsibility
• Does the current academic climate predispose to problems with authorship?
Sources of information on publication/research ethics
•COPE publicationethics.org/•Council of Science Editors www.councilscienceeditors.org/
• White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications
•World Congress on Research Integrity wcri2013.org/• Singapore Guidelines on Responsible research publication:
international standards for authors
•WAME www.wame.org/•ICMJE www.icmje.org/•UKRIO www.ukrio.org/