Í ^ @)^, k0ff{ Í - Supreme Court of Nepal6/M /fdz/0f ltldlN;gf Olt ;+jt\ @)^ ;fn a}]zfv * ut]...

$Page 1: Í ^ @)^*, k0ff{ Í - Supreme Court of Nepal6/M /fdz/0f ltldlN;gf Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}]zfv * ut] /f]h % z'ed\€. k"0f{ Ohnf; ! df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL, df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L$
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;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g jif{ @), c;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g jif{ @), c;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g jif{ @), c;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g jif{ @), c;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g jif{ @), cÍ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ @)^@)^@)^@)^@)^*, k"0ff{*, k"0ff{*, k"0ff{*, k"0ff{*, k"0ff{Í $%^$%^$%^$%^$%^

ljz]if Ohnf;

!df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL, df= Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7/ df= Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^@ ;fnsf]l/6 g+= (#, pTk|]if0f, ;/:jtL /f0ff lj= k|wfgdGqLtyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

@)@! ;fndf hf/L ePsf] e"ld;DaGwLP]gn] $^ jif{sf] sfnv08df sltko Jojxf/x¿nfO{df}lns ¿kaf6 / sltko Jojxf/x¿nfO{ ;+zf]lwt¿kaf6 lgoldt ul/cfPsf] kl/k| ]Iodf tLJojxf/x¿sf] j}wtfnfO{ ;d]t k|efljt t'Nofpg]u/L xfn cfP/ pQm P]gsf] xbaGbL;DaGwL df}lnsJoj:YffnfO{ g} c;+j}wflgs 3f]lift ul/kfpFm eGg]bfjL Gofo / cf}lrTosf] b[li6sf]0faf6 ;d]t k'Ugg;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{sDKo'6/M d's'Gb lji6Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t @$ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .§ o;} nufpsf] @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+=(@, pTk|]if0f

;d]t, ;/:jtL /f0ff ;d]t lj= k|wfgdGqL tyfdlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdfo;}cg'¿k lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .

@df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L=, df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfzl;6f}nf / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^&;fnsf] l/6 g+= WO–)))%, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z ;d]t,ljho qmflGt zfSo ;d]t lj= k|wfgdGqL tyfdlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# df ul/Psf]t];|f] ;+zf]wgn] nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L:jf:Yo ;]jfsf] 5}7f } + txdf lgo'lQm ePsfsd{rf/LnfO{ / ;f] k|lqmof k"/f gu/L 5}7f}+ txdflgo'lQm ePsf jf :jtM :t/ j[l4 ePsf sd{rf/LnfO{:t/ j[l4sf ;DaGwdf km/s–km/s Joj:yf u/]klg ;f] Joj:yf 5}7f}+ txdf ePsf] lgo'lQmsf]k|lqmofsf] cfwf/df juL{s/0f u/L c;dfg ;d"xaLr;dfg Jojxf/ ug]{ / k|To]s ;d"xnfO{ ;dfg ;+/If0fug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu u/]sf] b]lvFbf g]kfn :jf:Yo;]jf P]g, @)%# df t];|f] ;+zf]wg u/L P]gsf] bkmf

(-@_, bkmf (-&s_ -r_ / bkmf @^s-@_ df ul/Psf];+zf]wg ;+ljwfgsf] ;dfgtfsf] xs / k]zf /f]huf/Joj;fo ug{ kfpg] xs;Fu aflemPsf] gb]lvFbf tLJoj:yf ab/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvPg . To;}u/L lgj]bsx¿nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L 5}7f}+ txdflgo'lQm ePsf] gb]lvPsf] cj:yfdf ;+zf]lwt P]gsf]Joj:yfcg';f/ lgj]bsx¿n] ;ftf}+ tx;Dd dfq:t/ j[l4 kfpg] b]lvFbf cf7f}+ txdf :t/ j[l4 kfpg;Sg] klg b]lvPg . P]gsf] ;+zf]wg ;+ljwfg;FugaflemPsf] / P]gadf]lhd lgj]bsx¿ cf7f}F txdf:t/j[l4 kfpg g;Sg] x'Fbf lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdl/6 lgj]bg hf/L x'g ;Sg] b]lvPg . l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM nLnf/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M /fdz/0f ltldlN;gfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}]zfv * ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

k"0f{ Ohnf;!

df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL, df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7/ df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ >]i7, l/6 g+= @)^^–WF–)))&, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, g/]Gbk|;fb sf]O/fnf;d]t lj= nf]s;]jf cfof]u s]=sf=;d]t

;Lldt ;dosf] nflu sfo{kflnsfåf/f P]gsf]¿kdf hf/L x'g] c:yfoL jf j}slNks k|s[ltsf]cWofb]zsf] sfg""gL Joj:yf axfn /x]sf] cj:yfdfpTklQ ePsf] jf ;f]adf]lhd k|f/De ul/Psf]sf/jfxLsf] k|lqmof cWofb]zsf] cjlw ;dfKt eO{lgliqmo /x]sf] cj:yfdf pQm z'¿ ePsf] k|lqmofjf sfdsf/jfxL cGTo geP;Dd ;f] cWofb]zsf]Joj:yfcg';f/ ePsf] sfdsf/jfxL ;DkGg gx'Fb}lgliqmo ePsf] sf/0fn] ;fljsdf /x]sf] sfg""gLJoj:yf g} nfu" x'g] egL JofVof ug'{ sfg""gJofVof;DaGwL P]gsf] Joj:yfljk/Lt x'g] .

hf/L ePsf] cWofb]zsf] cjlw ;dfKt eO{P]gsf] ¿k lng g;s] klg ;f]sf] kl/0ffd klg P]gvf/]h ePkl5sf] kl/0ffd h:t} x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM k'gf/fd vgfnsDKo'6/M zDe'k|;fb ;fxOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 @& ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

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@df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL, df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fbpkfWofo / df=Gof=>L lu/Lz rGb| nfn, kmf}=k'=O=g+=)^&–CF–)))!, e|i6frf/, kbdgfy kf]v/]n lj=g]kfn ;/sf/

&@ jif{sL j[4 u|fdL0f dlxnfn] ljz]ifk|sf/sf] OYT 6]lnkmf]g nfOg dfu u/]sf], lgh:jo+ sfof{nodf pkl:yt gePsf], s;}nfO{d~h"/gfdf ;d]t lbO{ gk7fPsf] / lghsf] gful/stfk|df0fkq / b/vf:tdf k/]sf] ;xL5fk ;d]t km/sb ] lvPsf ] cj:yfdf k 'g/fj ]bs k | ltjfbLn ]:jfefljs¿kdf ;ts{ eO{ cfjZos hfFra'emug]{tkm{ nfUg'kg]{df ;f] s]xL gu/L hfgLhfgLclgoldt tj/af6 6]lnkmf]g nfOg h8fg ug]{ cfb]zu/]sf] b]lvg] .

hfgLhfgL pgfp JolQmsf] gfdaf6 OYT

6]lnkmf]g h8fg ug]{ cfb]z u/]sf] b]lvg cfPsf]/ k|ltjfbLsf] pQm sfo{af6 g]kfn b"/ ;~rf/;+:yfgnfO{ ¿= !,)%,$(,$)%.#! a/fa/sf]cfly{s Iflt x'g uPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 . k|ltjfbLn]pgfp JolQm eÌ] hfgLhfgL 6]lnkmf]g h8fgug]{ cfb]z lbPsf] b]lvPsf] x'Fbf pQm sfo{dflghsf] ab\lgot /x]sf] lyPg eÌ ldNg] ePg ./fi6«;]js sd{rf/Ln] cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/sf]b'¿kof]u u/L o;/L cfkm" jf c¿ s;}nfO{u}/sfg"gL¿kdf nfe k'¥ofpg] / ;/sf/L :jfldTjePsf] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgnfO{ u}/sfg"gL¿kdfxflg gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpg] u/L u/]sf] sfo{ tTsfnk|rlnt e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]g, @)!& sf] bkmf&-@_ tyf !# df ePsf] e|i6frf/hGo s;"/sf]kl/efiffcGtu{t kg]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g % ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L=, df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfzl;6f}nf / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{,b]=k'=O=g+= )^^–DF–))!@, d'2f btf{ ab/, t'N;Ldfofdxh{g lj= k~rgf/fo0f dxh{g ;d]t

JolQm–JolQmsf aLr hUufsf] t]/f] d]/f]sf]ljjfb p7L Psk6s ePsf] lg0f{o clGtd e} ;DalGwt

kIfnfO{ aGwgsf/L x'g] ;fdfGo Joj:yfsf] ljk/Ltu'7L hUufsf] :j¿k jf k|s[lt ;dfKt x'g] u/LePsf] lg0f{o hlxn];'s} ab/ ug{ ldNg] .

;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ldlt @)$*.%.@ sf]km};nfaf6 u'7L hUuf /}s/df btf{ ePsf] ePklg To:tf] nut s§f u/L u'7Ldf btf{ ug]{ clwsf/u'7L ;+:yfgsf k|zf;sLo k|d'vnfO{ /x]sf] /;j] { gfkLdf gfkgS;f ePsf df ]xLn] klg;f]xLcg'¿k x'g :jLsf/ u/L u'7L ;+:yfgdfsfuh u/L lbPsf] eÌ] ;d]tsf cfwf/df u'7L;+:yfgsf k|zf;saf6 ldlt @)%$.(.@( dfePsf] lg0f{o ;b/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM pd]z sf]O/fnfsDKo'6/M zDe' zfxOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}zfv * ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .§ o;} nufpsf] b]=k'=O=g+= )^^–DF–))!#,

lg0f{o ab/, /fhefO ah|frfo{ lj= u'7L;+:yfg s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdfklg o;}cg';f/ km};nf ePsf] 5 .

$df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7, df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ /df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL, l/6 g+= @)^&–NF–)))*,k'g/fjnf]sg ul/kfpFm, /fhlszf]/k|;fb zfx lj=nf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;d]t

s'g} a9'jf k|lqmofsf ;DaGwdf ljjfbePkl5 To;sf] ;du| kIfdf ljj]rgf u/L lg0f{ox'g' Goflos b[li6sf]0faf6 plrt / ;'ljwfhgss'/f xf] . Pp6} k|s[ltsf tYout / sfg"gL k|Zg;dfj]z ePsf d'2fx¿nfO{ cbfntn] Ps};fy /fvLPs} k6s lg0f{o ug]{ Goflos k|rngsf] p2]Zo klgljjfbsf ;du| kIfx¿df Ps¿ktfk"0f{ lg0f{o x'g;sf];\ eÌ] g} x'g] .

o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 nufpsf]l/6 g+= #)!( sf] lgj]bgdf ePsf] cfb]zadf]lhdljkIfL /fh]zk|;fb l3ld/]sf] a9'jf ab/ e} lghk|]dbQ e§n] lgo'lQm lnO{ a9'jfsf] nflu lj1fkgePsf ;Dk"0f{ kbx¿sf] k"lt{ e};s]sf] kl/jlt{tcj:yfdf lgj]bg dfuadf]lhd cfb]z hf/L ug{c;Dej b]lvPsf ]n ] o; cbfntsf ] ;+o 'QmOhnf;af6 ldlt @)^^.#.!& df ePsf] cfb]z

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k'g/fjnf]sg ul//xg'sf] s'g} cf}lrTo afFsL /x]sf]b]lvPg . ctM k|:t't lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0f ;'j]bLsDKo'6/M d's'Gb lji6Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t # ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

;+o'Qm Ohnf;

!;=k|=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfzl;6f}nf, kmf}=k'=g+= @)^#–CR–)!!), st{Jo Hofg,dx]Gb| ;fx sfg" lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

k|ltjfbL cf/f]lkt s;"/ u/]df k|x/L /cbfntdf ;d]t OGsf/ /x]sf] / lghn] d[tsnfO{efnfn] k|xf/ u/]sf] eÌ] hfx]/jfnfsf] syg ldl;ndf;+nUg nf; hfFr d'r'Nsf / kf]i6df6{d k|ltj]bg;d]taf6 ;dly{t gePsf] cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbLn] k|xf/ u/]sf] efnfsf] rf]6sf] sf/0faf6g} d[tssf] d[To' ePsf] eÌ] cleof]u dfu bfjLlglj{jfb ¿kaf6 k'li6 x'g gcfPsf]n] k'g/fj]bsk|ltjfbLn] cf/f]lkt s;"/df ;kmfO{ kfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{sDKo'6/M d's'Gb lji6÷zDe'k|;fb zfxOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fbpkfWofo, @)^& ;fnsf] l/6 g+= WO–))*%, pTk|]if0fk/dfb]z ;d]t, lgs' d08n lj= aL=kL= sf]O/fnf:jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg w/fg ;d]t

k|lti7fgsf] ;~rfns kl/ifb\n] hghfltcflbjf;L ;d"xnfO{ 5'§\ofOPsf] l;6 ;+Vof #nfO{ k|lti7fgn] juL{s/0f u/]sf] hghflt ;d"xsf$ ;d"xdWo] s ;d"xnfO{ Ps, v ;d"xnfO{ Ps/ u ;d"xnfO{ Ps l;6 ljefhg u/]sf] / s;d"xdf pDd]b\jf/ geP l/Qm Tof] l;6 v ;d"xdfhf]l8g hfg] tyf v ;d"xdf klg pDd]b\jf/geP jf pQL0f{ geP l/Qm ePsf] Tof] l;6 u;d"xdf hf]l8g hfg], s, v / u ;d"xdf l/QmeP jf pDd]b\jf/ geP tL ;a} l;6 3 ;d"xaf6egf{ lng] eÌ] Joj:yfcGtu{t s ;d"xsf]

pDd]b\jf/ gx'Fbf s ;d"xsf] Ps l;6 / v ;d"xsf]Ps l;6 u/L v ;d"xaf6 @ hgf / u ;d"xaf6u ;d"xnfO{ lbOPsf] Ps l;6 5gf}6 ug'{kg]{df v;d"xaf6 dfq} ;a} # hgf ljBfyL{ 5gf}6 u/]sf]lg0f {o Pj+ ;"rgfdf q'l6 x'guPsf ] sf/0fk|lti7fgn] e"n;'wf/ u/L lgj]bs lgs' d08nsf]gfd x6fO{ v ;d"xaf6 a9L cÍ k|fKt ug]{/fh]zs'df/ d08n / ljsf; d08n tyf u;d"xaf6 a9L cÍ k|fKt ug]{ gLnf ;'g'jf/nfO{aL=kL= sf]O/fnf :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fgsf] ;g\@)!) sf] z}lIfs ;qsf] nflu Pd=aL=aL=P;= dfcWooog ug]{ ljBfyL{ 5gf}6 u/]sf] lg0f{o / ;f]ljBfyL{cg';f/sf] e"n ;RofO{ lgsfn]sf] ldlt@)^&.$.!( sf] ;+zf]lwt ;"rgfdf cGoyf ePsf]gb]lvg'sf] ;fy} gLnf ;'g'jf/ @)^&.$.#) dfk|lti7fgdf egf{ e} cWoog ul//x]sf] ;d]t b]lvFbflgj]bgsf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{gb]lvg] .

k|lti7fgn] k|sfzg u/]sf] Prospectus sf]c+u|]hL cg'jfbn] e|d l;h{gf u/]sf] b]lvFbf ;~rfnskl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ocg'¿k af]wuDo / k|i6 x'g] u/LProspectus nfO{ ;'wf/ ug'{ egL aL=kL= sf]O/fnf:jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fgsf] gfddf lgb]{zfTds cfb]z;d]t hf/L x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM nLnf/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M dlGhtf 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !) ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fbpkfWofo, @)^^ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= WO–)##*,pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z ;d]t, sdnh+u s'Fj/ lj=jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno ;d]t

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f!@)-#_, -$_ / -%_ clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]u P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !!-@_, bkmf !@-!_ /bkmf !@-@_ ;d]tnfO{ ;du|df x]bf{ clVtof/jfnfsf]clwsf/ g} ;dfKt x'g] / cg';Gwfg txsLsft /cleof]hg ug]{ lgsfo g} lg0f{ostf{ x'g l;4fGttMgldNg] ePsf] sf/0f s'g} JolQmpk/ ph"/ k/]df ;f]JolQmn] s] s:tf] sfd u/L clVtof/sf] b'¿kof]u

44444


u/]sf] xf], 5fgaLg cg';Gwfg u/L clVtof/sf]b'¿kof]u u/]sf] b]lvPdf To;nfO{ k'li6 ug]{ cfwf// sf/0f vf]nL ljefuLo sf/jfxL ug{ lgb]{zglbg;Dd kfpg] b]lvFbf clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]un] g} ;hfo;DaGwL sfg"gsf] bkmf / ;hfols6fg u/L ;hfo ug{ lgb]{zg ug{ kfpF5 eÌgldNg] .

clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un];hfo ls6fg u/L lgj]bsnfO{ lghfdtL ;]jf P]g,@)$( sf] bkmf ^)s sf] b]xfo -u_ sf] s;"/dfP]= P]gsf] bkmf %( sf] -s_-#_ cg';f/ ljefuLo;hfo ug{ jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnodf n]vLk7fpg] egL u/]sf] ldlt @)^%.!@.@% sf] lg0f{o,;f] lg0f{ocg';f/ ug{ egL cfof]un] jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnonfO{ n]v]sf] ldlt @)^%.!@.@*sf] hfgsf/L Pj+ cfjZos sfof{y{ kq, cfof]un];hfosf] bkmf ;+zf]wg ug{ n]v]sf] kq / ;f]lg0f{o / kqcg';f/ jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfnon]lgj]bs;Fu sf/jfxL ug]{ qmddf ;kmfO{ k]z ug'{egL ldlt @)^^.^.! df n]v]sf] :ki6Ls/0f kq;d]tsf sfdsf/jfxL pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/x'g] .

Ohnf; clws[tM nLnf/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M /fdz/0f ltldlN;gfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}q @# ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L ts{/fh e§,@)^^ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= WO–)!$^, pTk|]if0fo'Qmk/dfb]z ;d]t, zDe'k|;fb bfxfn lj= oftfoftJoj:yf sfof{no, nlntk'/ ;d]t

cfly{s P]g, @)^^ sf] cg';"rL # sf] v08-s_ sf] -!+_-s_ df sf/, hLk, Eofg, dfOqmf] a;,a;, 6«s, dfq pNn]v eP klg l6«k/n] :Sofe]6/,8f]h/, /f]n/n] h:tf] vÌ], kmfNg], rfKg] sfd gug]{e} a;, 6«s h:t} ;fdfg cf];f/k;f/ ug]{ sfo{ ug]{ePsf]n] sfdsf] k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df l6«k/nfO{ 6«ssf]juL{s/0f -Group_ df /fv]sf] cy{ dGqfnosf] JofVoftyf lg0f{o / ;f]sf] cfwf/df oftfoft Joj:yfsfof{no, nlntk'/n] lgj]bs sDkgLaf6 ;8s

lgdf{0f tyf ;Def/ b:t"/ lnPsf] sfo{ sfg"g;Ddtb]lvFbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM nLnf/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M /fdz/0f ltldlN;gfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g * ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .§ o;} nufpsf] @)^^ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= WO–

)*#(, pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z ;d]t, zDe'k|;fbbfxfn lj= cy{ dGqfno ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdfo;}cg';f/ km};nf ePsf] 5 .

%df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L ts{/fh e§,@)^^ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= WO–)@^^, pTk|]if0fo'Qmk/dfb]z ;d]t, 8f= /fdk/LIf0f ofbj ;d]tlj=nf]s;]jf cfof]u s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, ;d]t

Pp6} lj1fkgaf6 a9'jf x'g]x¿dWo];+zf]wgaf6 a9'jfdf k/]sf sd{rf/LnfO{ Pp6fh]i7tf ldlt / gfd ;+zf]wg gePsf klxn]sf] a9'jfl;kmfl/zdf k/]sf sd{rf/LnfO{ csf]{ h]i7tf ldltsfod u/L lgo'Qm lbg'k5{ eÌ] egfO{ sfg"g;Ddtdfq xf]Og ls Jofjxfl/s / cf}lrTok"0f{ ;d]t x'Fb}g .ctM :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno, a9'jf ;ldltsf]ldlt @)^$.!@.% sf] a9'jf l;kmfl/zsf] lg0f{o /ldlt @)^$.!@.^ sf] l;kmfl/znfO{ ab/ u/Lnf]s;]jf cfof]un] ldlt @)^^.#.@@ df ;+zf]wgug]{ lg0f{o u/]cg';f/ a9'jf ;ldltn] ldlt @)^^.#.@^df a9'jfsf] ;+zf]lwt gfdfjnL k|sfzg u/]sf]cfwf/df :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnon] g]kfn:jf:Yo ;]jf lgodfjnL @)%% sf] lgod &*-@_-s_ adf]lhd ;+zf]lwt gfdfjnL k|sfzg ePsf]ldlt @)^^.#.@^ b]lv h]i7tf sfod ug]{ u/L ldlt@)^^.#.@( df lg0f{o u/L lgj]bsx¿nfO{ lbPsf]ldlt @)^^.#.#! sf] lgo'lQmkqdf s'g} q'l6 ePsf]gb]lvFbf lgj]bssf] dfucg';f/sf] cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{cj:yf ljBdfg b]lvPg . l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM nLnf/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M dlGhtf 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g * ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

^df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL / df=Gof=>L ts{/fh e§,@)^& ;fnsf] l/6 g+= WO–)!^!, k|ltif]w, k/dfb]z,

55555


pTk|]if0f ;d]t, s[i0fk|;fb k|;fO{ lj= cy{ dGqfno;d]t

k|f/lDes ¿kdf k|zf]wg u/]sf] eg]sf] lu§Lafn'jf 9'Ëfsf] :6s lghn] eg]sf] dfqfdf 5 jf 5}g< s:tf ] k |s [ ltaf6 pTkfbg u/ ]sf ]xf] < ;/sf/n] lnPsf] jf lng] gLlt;Fu lgj]bssf]pTkfbgn] d]n vfG5 jf vfFb}g < / lghsf] :6sdf/x]sf] eg]sf] pTkfbgnfO{ lgsf;L ug{ lbg pko'Qm5 jf 5}g eÌ] ljifo /fHosf] gLlt lgodcGtu{ttt\ lgsfon] x]g]{ ljifo xf] . /fHon] Pp6f JolQm jfsDkgLnfO{ lgsf;L lbFbf Pp6f k4lt / csf{nfO{lgsf;L lbFbf csf]{ k4lt cjnDag ug{ klg pko'QmxF'b}g . jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug{ lgj]bs sDkgL /o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo qml;ª pBf]usf] pTkfbgsf];DaGwdf Pp6} gLlt / lg0f{o cjnDag ug'{ g};dGoflos / ljj]s;Ddt klg x'g hfG5 . ;Dk"0f{qml;ª pBf]ux¿nfO{ Pp6} dfkb08 cjnDag u/Ljftfj/0f ;+/If0f ug]{ kljq dg;fon] k|fljlws;ldlt u7g u/L To;n] lng] lg0f{osf] cfwf/dflgsf;L 5f8\g' kg] { eÌ] cbfntsf] cfb]zn]tTsfnnfO{ /f]8f, afn'jf 9'Ëf lgsf;L ug]{ sfo{/f]Ssf u/]sf] ;Gbe{df lgj]bs sDkgLsf] xsdfdfq 5'§} k|s[ltsf] cfb]z lbg' cf}lrTok"0f{ gx'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM nLnf/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M dlGhtf 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g * ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= !

!df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnLcG;f/L, @)^% ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= CI–)^&$, CI–))&$,3/ eTsfO{ ;fj{hlgs sfod ul/kfpFm, a'4/Tgv8\uL lj= rGb|axfb'/ nfdf, rGb|axfb'/ nfdf lj=a'4/Tg v8\uL

gS;f d'r'Nsfaf6 k|ltjfbL rGb|axfb'/nfdfsf] ls=g+= $% df g=g+= (= !) / !@ sf] )–@–!–@ hUuf ls=g+= $^ sf] g=g+= & / * df )–!–@–! hUuf /x]sf]df g=g+= # / $ df /x]sf] )–!–!–! hUuf klg hf]8\bf plNnlvt ls=g+= $% / $^

sf] ;du| If]qkmn )–$–$–$ x'g cfpF5 . pQmhUuf oL k'g/fj]bs rGb|axfb'/ nfdfsf] 6«fonr]s ;d]taf6 sfod x'g cfPsf] hDDff If]qkmn )–$–@–! eGbf a9L g} x'g cfPsf] b]lvof] . o;/Lx]bf{ oL rGb|axfb'/ ;d]tsf gfpFdf btf{ ePsf]ls=g+= $% / $^ sf] 6«fon r]scg';f/ g=g+= # / $sf] s]xL efudf dfq k|ltjfbLsf] 3/ ag]sf]b]lvPsf]n] k"/} 3/ eTsfO{ ;fj{hlgs sfod ul/kfpFmeÌ] k'g/fj]bs jfbL a'4/Tg v8\uLsf] k'g/fj]bglhsL/ k'Ug g;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM af;'b]j kf}8]nsDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g * ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnLcG;f/L, @)^^ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= CI–)^&%, CI–))&#,3/ eTsfO{ lvrf]nf d]6fO{ xs sfod, a'4/Tgv8\uL lj= rGb|axfb'/ nfdf, rGb|axfb'/ nfdf lj=a'4/Tg v8\uL

ls=g+= $& sf] hUuf 6«fon r]saf6 b]lvPsf]jf:tljs If]qkmneGbf cbfntaf6 eO{ cfPsf]gS;fdf sd x'g uPsf] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] ls=g+= $&/ $^ sf aLrdf g=g+= ^ sf] vfnL hUuf b]lvPsf]5 . g=g+= ^ sf] klZrdtkm{ oL k'g/fj]bsdWo]sfrGb|axfb'/ nfdfsf] ls=g+= $^ df ag]sf] g=g+= & /* sf] 3/ b]lvPsf] 5 eg] g=g+=^ sf] If]qkmn )–)–!–) /x ]sf ] / ;f ] hUufsf ] pQ/tkm { oLk'g/fj]bsdWo]sf rGb|axfb'/ nfdfsf] g=g+ & dfag]sf] 3/ b]lvPsf] 5 . o;/L oL k'g/fj]bs a'4/Tgv8\uLsf] ls=g+= $& sf] hUufleq} kg]{ g=g+= ^ sf])–)–!–) hUuf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL rGb|axfb'/nfdfn] lvrf]nf u/L g=g+= & df agfPsf] 3/n]g=g+= ^ sf] pQ/klZrdsf] s]xL efu cltqmd0fu/]sf] ;d]t b]lvG5 . ljjflbt g=g+= ^ jfbLsf]ls=g+= $& leqsf] b]lvPsf] 5 eg] To;sf] pQ/tkm{sf]s]xL efudf k|ltjfbLsf] 3/sf] efu k/]sf] gS;faf6:ki6 b]lvFbf jfbLsf] xssf] ls=g+= $& leqsf] g=g+=^ sf] s]xL hUufdf ;d]t kg]{ u/L k|ltjfbLn] 3/lgdf{0f u/L lvrf]nf u/sf]n] ;f] cf+lzs 3/ eTsfpg];d]t 7x/ ug'{kg]{df gu/]sf] xb;Dd k'g/fj]bg

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cbfntsf] km};nf ldn]sf] b]lvPg . ;f] xb;Ddk'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf s]xL pN6L e} g=g+= ^sf] pQ/klZrdtkm{ ag]sf] k|ltjfbLsf] g=g+= & sf]3/sf] g=g+= ^ sf] hUufdf k/]sf] efu;Dd eTsfO{jfbLn] rng kfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM af;'b]j kf}8]nsDKo'6/M lakgfb]jL dNnOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g * ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnLcG;f/L, @)^% ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= CI–))^^, km};nfab/, k/fu nf]w lj= gfafnssf] xsdf zflGt nf]lwg

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof {no ¿kGb]xLn]hGdbtf{sf] k|df0fkq ab/ u/]sf] km};nfaf6 k|ToyL{g/]z nf]w ;d]tsf] xslxtdf k|ToIf c;/ k'u]sf]b]lvG5 . lg0f{o ubf{ h;sf] xslxtdf k|lts"n c;/kg]{ xf] ;f] kIfnfO{ a'emL lghnfO{ cfˆgf s'/fx¿/fVg] df}sf lbO{ k|df0fsf] ;xL d"NofÍg u/L7x/]adf]lhd lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ .

hGdbtf{ ab/ ug]{ u/L ePsf] km};nf ab/u/L kfpg k|ToyL{ g/]z nf]w / /fh]z nf]w ;d]tsf]lkm/fb k/]sf] ;Gbe{df ljjflbt hGdbtf{sf] ;DaGwdf;"rgf kmf/fd, btf{ /lhi6«/, ;h{ldg ;Ssn clen]vcflb hf] h] a'‰g' kg]{ xf] ;f] a'emL 7x/ lg0f{oug'{kg]{df lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] lg0f{o ubf{k|df0f ;+sng / k|df0f d"NofÍg ;d'lrt 9+un]u/]sf] b]lvg cfPg . o:tf] cj:yfdf lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 ePsf] km};nf sfg"g;Ddt / Gofok"0f{b]lvg gcfPsf]n] To;nfO{ ab/ u/L k'gM k|fKtk|Dff0fsf] cfwf/df sfg"gadf]lhd lg0f{o ug'{ egLk'g/fj]bg cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nfdf s'g} q'l6gb]lvg] .Ohnf; clws[tM af;'b]j kf}8]nsDKo'6/M lakgfb]jL dNnOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g * ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfzl;6f}nf, @)^& ;fnsf] l/=g+= )^^–WO–!!^@,pTk|]if0f, k/dfb]z ;d]t, 8f= uf]kfns[i0f lzjfsf]6L;d]t lj= ;DdfggLo /fi6«klt, /fi6«kltsf] sfof{no

lje"if0f kfpg s:tf] JolQm of]Uo / nfosx'G5 eÌ] s'/f ;fwf/0f ;dem -Common Sense_n] klg lgb]{lzt -Guide_ ug]{ s'/f ePsf] / lje"if0fs:tf] JolQmn] kfpg' k5{ eÌ] s'/f lje"if0f;DaGwLg]kfn sfg"gdf k|i6 ePsf] x'Fbf g]kfn ;/sf/n]rfx]df cem} klg tL ;DalGwt JolQmx¿nfO{l;kmfl/z ul/Psf] lje"if0f k'g/fjnf]sg u/L lkmtf{lng ;Sg] g} x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM pk]Gb|k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M lakgfb]jL dNnOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn d+l;/ !( ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .o;} k|s[ltsf lgDg d'2fx¿df klg o;}cg';f/ km};nfePsf 5g\M§ @)^& ;fnsf] l/6 g+= )^^–WO–!!^^,

pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z ;d]t, ceo/fh hf]zL;d]t lj= ;DdfggLo /fi6«klt, /fi6«kltsf]sfof{no ;d]t

§ @)^& ;fnsf] l/6 g+= )^^–WO–!#@*,pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z ;d]t, lji0f' ;fksf]6flj= ;DdfggLo /fi6«klt, /fi6«kltsf]sfof{no ;d]t

%df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL,@)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= CR–)#@*, hfn;fhL, d'=;ug]{ >LdtL rGb|nIdL >]i7 lj= dy'/fk|;fb df:s];d]t

cbfntsf k m };n fcg '; f / ld lt@)$*.!).!$ sf] d"n lnvt g} z"Gosf] l:yltdf/x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf ;f] lnvtsf cfwf/df eP u/]sfsfdsf/jfxLsf] k|efj / kl/0ffd ;d]t z"Go/xg] s'/f lglj{jfb 5 . t/ ljjflbt lnvt z"Gogx'Fb}sf] cj:yfdf ePsf] lnvtnfO{ hfn;fhL3f]lift u/L k|ltjfbLnfO{ ;hfo ug{ ldNg] jfgldNg] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ ljjflbt sfo{dfsLt]{ sfuhsf] # g+= df jl0f{t k"jf{j:yfx¿ljBdfg /x]sf] s'/f jfbLn] k|df0fåf/f :yflktu/fpg'kg]{ x'G5 . d"ntM k|ltjfbLx¿sf sfo{cfk/flws dg;foo'Qm /x]sf] :yflkt ePdfhfn;fhL 7x¥ofpg ldNg] x'G5 . of] l:yltsf]cefjdf hfn;fhL 7x/ u/]sf] z'¿ km};nfnfO{

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pN6L eO{ lkm/fb bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] 7x¥ofPsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM af;'b]j kf}8]nsDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}zfv $ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

^df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL,@)^^ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= CI–)%!(, 3/ eTsfO{ kfpFm,nLnfb]jL ltdlN;gf lj= xl/k|;fb a8fn

gS;f / gfkL zfvf sfe|]sf] kq ;d]taf6k|ToyL{ jfbLsf] ls=g+= !%$) sf] )–)–@–) hUufoL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] lvrf]nf u/L 3/ agfPsf]b]lvFbf jfbL bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] 7x¥ofPsf] z'¿km};nfnfO{ pN6L u/L g=g+= ( sf] )–)–@–) sf]ljjflbt hUufdf oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] u/]sf]lvrf]nf d]6fO{ 3/ ;d]t eTsfO{ jfbLn] rngkfpg] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] km};nfldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM af;'b]j kf}8]nsDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}zfv $ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

&df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL,@)^^ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= CI–!)%@, lnvt ab/,bfgjtLb]jL lj= b'nf/Lb]jL ;fx'

ljjflbt ls=g+= @( sf] hUuf ldlt@)%(.@.& df k|ToyL{dWo]sL b'nf/Lb]jLn] cd/s'df/LnfO{ /fhLgfdf kfl/t ul/lbPsf] b]lvG5 .pQm lnvt ab/ u/fO{ kfpgnfO{ oL k'g/fj]bssf]lkm/fb slxn] bfo/ ul/Psf] /x]5 egL To;tkm{ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t't d'2fsf] lkm/fb ldlt @)^#.&.!)df dfq bfo/ ePsf] b]lvof] . xbDofbsf ;DaGwdfs:tf] sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]5 egL To;tkm{ x]bf{d'n'sL P]g, n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] !) g+= n] cfkm"v'zLug{ kfpg] afx]s ;uf]nsf] crn ;DklQ a]rlavgubf{ ;uf]nsf c+lzof/sf] d~h"/L lng'kg]{, d~h"/Lgx'g]n] To:tf] lnvt ab/ u/fO{ kfpg /lhi6«]zgePsf] ldltn] ! jif{;Dd yfxf kfPsf] ldltn] #%lbgleq gfln; ug'{kg]{ egL xbDofbsf] :ki6 Joj:yf

u/]sf] kfOG5 . pQm sfg"gL k|fjwfgcg';f/sf]xbDofbleq k|:t't d'2fsf] lkm/fb kg{ cfPsf] gb]lvg] .Ohnf; clws[tM af;'b]j kf}8]nsDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}zfv $ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .§ o;} nufpsf] @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g++= CR–

)&#!, hfn;fhL, bfgfjtLb]jL lj=b'nf/Lb]jL ;fx' ePsf] d'2fdf klgo;}cg';f/ km};nf ePsf] 5 .

*df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^# ;fnsf] l/=g+= )^^–WO–)*)%,pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z, b'uf{k|;fb pk|]tL lj= e"ld;'wf/sfof{no, emfkf ;d]t

lgj]bsnfO{ ;h{dLgsf] tf/]v tf]lsPsf]df;f] ;h{dLg x'Fbf 8f]/df xflh/ eO{ cfˆgf] Joxf]/fn]vfpg ;Sg'kg]{df ;f] ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . pQm;h{dLgkZrft\ k'gM ljjflbt hUufsf] :ynutlg/LIf0f u/L k]z ug{ e"ld;'wf/ clwsf/Laf6 cfb]zeO{ sd{rf/L v6fpFbf ;d]t ;h{dLgcg';f/ afF8kmfF8ug{ dgfl;a x'g] egL pNn]v e} cfPsf] eÌ] s'/fe"ld;'wf/ clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{odf pNn]v ePsf]b]lvG5 . o;/L ;h{dLg a'emL k'gM :ynut lg/LIf0f;d]t u/L ;f] ;h{dLg / :ynut k|ltj]bgnfO{;d]t cfwf/ lnO{ hUufwgL / df]xL b'a}nfO{ af6f]kg]{ u/L a/fa/ x'g] u/L hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/]sf s'/fljkIfL e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nosf] ldlt @)^#.*.$ sf]lg0f{oaf6 b]lvG5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf tYo k|df0fa'emL b'a} kIfnfO{ af6f] sfod x'g] u/L hUuf a/fa/x'g] u/L afF8kmfF8 ug]{ u/]sf] e"ld;'wf/ sfof{nosf]ldlt @)^#.*.$ sf] lg0f{odf s'g} sfg"gL q'l6gb]lvg] .Ohnf; clws[tM pk]Gb|k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M lakgfb]jL dNnOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t !# ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

(df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^# ;fnsf] l/=g+= )^#–WO–)#$$,k/dfb]z ;d]t, rGb|k|;fb kf]v/]n lj= k|wfgdGqLtyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

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sfg"gadf]lhd ;kmfOsf] df}sf ;d]t lbO{sf/jfxL eO{ avf{:t eO;s]sf] JolQmsf] /fhLgfdf:jLs[t x'g ;Sg] cj:yf x'Fb}g . o;/L sfg"gLk|lqmofcg'¿k ;kmfOsf] df}sf lbFbf ;f]sf] a]jf:tfu/L k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cj1f u/L a:g] s;}nfO{ klgcbfntn] d2t ug{ g;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM pk]Gb|k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M lakgfb]jL dNnOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 !& ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

!)df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^# ;fnsf] l/6 g+=–WO–!)$&, pTk|]if0f,cf]daxfb'/ ;]g lj= lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u, ;fgf]l7dLeQmk'/ ;d]t

sf=;=d" afx]ssf cGo cfwf/x¿ afkt\lgj]bsn] of] olt gDa/ k|fKt ug'{kg]{ egL jfbLbfjL lng ;Sg] b]lvP tfklg sf=;=d"= d"NofÍgstf{n]lgj]bssf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg ug]{ljifo ePsf] / o:tf] d"NofÍgdf olt g} cÍ k|fKtug{ kfpg] eÌ] s'/f lgj]bsn] clwsf/:j¿k bfjLug{ kfpg] ljifo gePsf]n] ;f]afkt\ cfkm"n] $) cÍg} k|fKt ug'{kg]{ eÌ] lgj]bssf] bfjL ts{;+utgb]lvg] .

Ohnf; clws[tM af;'b]j kf}8]nsDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t & ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

!!df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk| ]tL, @)^^ ;fnsf] l/6 g+=–WO–!)*$,pTk|]if0f,;'/]Gb|k|sfz lu/L lj= lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u,;fgf]l7dL eQmk'/ ;d]t

h]i7tf, z}lIfs of]Uotf, tflnd / sf=;=d"=;d]tsf] cÍ ;d]tsf] cÍ u0fgf ubf{ lgj]bssf]eGbf ljkIfL agfOPsf s]zjtL cfrfo{ kl08t;d]tsf] s"n k|fKtfÍ a9L b]lvg cfPsf]n] lzIfs;]jf cfof]u If]qLo ;ldlt ;'v]{tsf] ldlt @)^@.@.!(sf] l;kmfl/znfO{ ;+zf]wg u/]sf] ;+zf]lwt a9'jfl;kmfl/z ;d]tsf] sfdsf/jfxL sfg"gcg'¿ks}b ] lvPsf ] / tL sfdsf/jfxLn ] lgj ]bssf ]

xsflwsf/df cf3ft k'u]sf] gb]lvFbf dfuadf]lhdsf]cfb]z hf/L ug{ gldNg] x'Fbf l/6 vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM af;'b]j kf}8]nsDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t & ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

!@df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^# ;fnsf] l/6 g+=–WO–!!@(, pTk|]if0f,/fdnvg d08n lj= e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no, ;Kt/L/fhlj/fh ;d]t

df ]xL / hUufwgLsf af/ ]df ljjfbgb]lvPsf], If]qkmndf ;d]t ljjfb gePsf], hUufsf]k"j{tkm{ /x]sf] s'nf]nfO{ s]Gb|laGb' dfgL pQm s'nf]hUufwgL / oL lgj]bs df]xL b'a} kIfnfO{ kg]{ u/LhUuf afF8kmfF8 u/]sf] b]lvPsf], df]xL / ls;fgsf]nflu s'nf], kfgL / l;+rfO dxTjk"0f{ x'g] x'Fbf ;f]lx;faaf6 ;d]t hUuf afF8kmfF8df g/d s/dldn]sf] b]lvFbf hUuf afF8kmfF8;DaGwL lg0f{osfg"gcg'¿ksf] / d'gfl;a b]lvFbf lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM af;'b]j kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t & ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

!#df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^^ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= )^^–WO–)@#@,pTk|]if0f ;d]t, lzjgf/fo0f rf}w/L lj= ;fdfGok|zf;g dGqfno ;d]t

lgj]bsn] cfkm"n] /f=k=låtLo >]0fLdf a9'jfkfpg' kg]{ egL u/]sf] l/6 lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf]>]0fLdf a9'jf kfO;s]sf] b]lvG5 . o;/L oL l/6 lgj]bslzjgf/fo0f rf}w/Ln] cfkm"n] a9'jf kfpg kg]{ egLbfjL u/]sf] /f=k= låtLo >]0fLdf a9'jf kfO;s]sf]b]lvFbf k|:t't l/6sf] cf}lrTo ;dfKt -Infructious_e};s]sf] b]lvG5 . t;y{ cf}lrTo ;dfKt e};s]sf] ljifodfl/6 hf/L x'g g;Sg] x'Fbf oL l/6 lgj]bs lzjgf/fo0frf}w/Lsf] l/6 lgj]bg dfuadf]lhd cfb]z hf/L ug{k/]g . ctM k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM pk]Gb|k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn k'; @) ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

99999


Ohnf; g+= @

!df=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/ / df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ad, @)%( ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= *^&), c+z, ;Ltf/fdl;Fx lj= hubLzk|;fb l;Fx ;d]t

jfbL k|ltjfbL ;dfg x}l;otsf ;dfgk':tfsf JolQm /x] ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;dfg k':tf;dfg x}l;otsf JolQmn] c+z d'2fdf bfjL ubf{Jojxf/ k|df0fn] cnu leÌ e} ef]u ;|]:tf ;d]t;dfg'kflts ¿kdf sfod eO{ cf–cfˆgf] laqmLJojxf/ ;d]t lglj{jfb ¿kdf :yflkt e};s]sf]dfk|:t't d'2fdf pQm km};nfcg';f/ :yflkt ePsf]tYonfO{ cgb]vf ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf b]lvg cfpFb}g .o;/L dfgf] 5'l§Pkl5 3/;f/df jfbL k|ltjfbLn]cfpg] hUuf kfO{ cfˆgf gfddf gfkL u/fPsf] s'/f:ki6 ePsf]n] ldlt @)@!.*.@^ df kfl/t ePsf]lnvtcg';f/ kfpg'kg]{ hUuf afFsL 5 eÌ gldNg] .

jfbL k|ltjfbLx¿ ;d]tsf aLr @)!& ;fnd+l;/ @& ut] r'nf] dfgf] 5'l§Psf] lnvt @)@!.^.@^df /lhi6«]zg ePsf] eP tfklg cf–cfˆgf] c+zefusf] hUuf egL gfkL u/fO{ ;f]xLadf]lhd btf{;|]:tfk"hf{ tof/ e} :ttGq ¿kn] Psnf}6L xsef]usf]hUuf egL a]rlavg tyf laqmL Jojxf/ u/L cfPsf]tYoaf6 b]lvPsf] 5 . o;y{ jfbL k|ltjfbL plNnlvtc+lzof/x¿af6 cnu leÌ e} Jojxf/ k|df0faf6lghx¿ aLr c+za08f e};s]sf] :yflkt x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM v8\u/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn ebf} !$ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/ / df=Gof=>L /0faxfb'/ad, @)^# ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= @(#, kvf{n eTsfO{lvrf]nf rng, afpgsfhL dxh{g ;d]t lj=k'¿iff]Qd zfSo ;d]t

jfbLn] cfˆgf] ;|]:tfeGbf a9L hUufsf]pkef]u ul//x]sf] / k|ltjfbLn] lghx¿sf] ;|]:tfeGbfsd hUuf ef]u ul//x]sf] b]lvPsf] l:ylt 5 .k|ltjfbLn] cfˆgf] ;|]:tfeGbf sd} hUuf pkef]u

u/L ;f]df kvf{n nufpFb}df ;|]:tfdf b]lvPsf]hUufaf6 :jfldTj nf]k x'g hfg] b]lvFb}g . g=g+=@ nfO{ cbfntaf6 eO{ cfPsf] gS;fdf ljjfbhgfPsf] b]lvFbf pQm g=g+= @ nfO{ ljjfb} gp7fPsf]eÌ] ;d]t Joxf]/f ;fGble{s 5}g .

g=g+= @, # / $ sf] kvf{n;lxtsf] hUufjfbLsf] xssf] gb]lvPsf]n] kvf{n eTsfO{ lvrf]nfd]6fO{ rng rnfO{ kfpFm eÌ] ;d]tsf] jfbL bfjLk'Ug g;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM v8\u clwsf/LsDKo'6/M lgd{nf e§Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn sflQs !% ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .§ o;} nufpsf] @)^# ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= )@($

gS;f kf; lagf lgdf{0f, afpgsfhL dxh{g;d]t lj= k'¿iff]Qd zfSo ;d]t ePsf]d'2fdf klg o;}cg';f/ km};nf ePsf] 5 .

#df=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/ / df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ofbj, @)^) ;fnsf] l/6 g+= ##$%, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z,/fhaxfb'/ zfx lj= sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{no;d]t

sDkgL P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf @^-!_ sf]k"jf{j:yf ;DkÌ eO;s]sf] cj:yf gx'Fbf P]gsf]bkmf #*-#_ adf]lhd z]o/ hkmt ug{ g;lsg]x'G5 . l/6 lgj]bsn] l/6 lgj]bgdf bkmf @^ sf]r/0f k"/f u/]sf] egL ls6fgL ¿kdf eÌ ;s]sf]klg 5}g . o;sf] cnfjf sDkgLaf6 ;j{;fwf/0fsf]z]o/ hkmt ug]{ lg0f{o ubf{ pQm P]gsf] bkmf#*-#_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds afSof+zsf] dd{ / efjgfnfO{;d]t Wofg lbPsf] b]lvPg . sDkgLsf] ;~rfns;ldltsf] lg0f{odf sDkgLsf] z]o/ v/Lb ug{ JolQmn]bflvn u/]sf] /sdn] vfd];Ddsf] z]o/ sfod ug{gx'g] dgfl;a cfwf/ s] lyof] < To:tf] Joxf]/fpNn]v g} gu/L ;Dk"0f{ z]o/ hkmt u/]sf] lgj]bssDkgLsf] lg0f{o pQm sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] ljk/Ltb]lvg cfof] . o:tf] cj:yfdf sfg"gn] Joj:yfu/]sf] sfo{ ;DkÌ ug{ nufO{ ;j{;fwf/0fsf] cfly{slxtnfO{ sfod /fVg P]gsf] bkmf !#^ adf]lhdsDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{nonfO{ clwsf/ ePsf]dfljjfb ul//xg gk/L ;f] sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL

1010101010


sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{noaf6 lbOPsf] pQmlgb]{zgnfO{ sfg"g;Ddt\ ePsf] dfÌ'kg]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lji6sDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fpg !^ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/ / df=Gof=>L ;'zLnfsfsL{, @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}hbf/L ;fws g+= ))$#,st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= sflGt /fgf

k|ltjfbL sflGt /fgfn] PSn} hftssf]st{Jo u/L xTof u/L Hofg;DaGwLsf] ! g+= tyf!#-#_ sf] s;"/ u/]sf] b]lvFbf lghnfO{ ;j{Zj;lxthGds}b u/]sf] lhNnf cbfnt ¿kGb]xLsf] km};nf;b/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt a'6jnsf] km};nfldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] .

:j]lR5s ¿kdf k/k'¿if;Fu ;DaGw/fv]sf] ge} ha/\h:tL ¿kdf s/0fL u/]sf]sf/0faf6 l;lh{t b 'ikl/0ffd / ;fdflhsnf]snfhaf6 aRg afWotfj; hftssf] xTofu/ ]sf ] b ] lv Fb f k | ltjfbL sf l Gt /fgfnfO {sfg"gadf]lhd ;hfo ubf{ rsf]{ kg]{ x'Fbf Go"g;hfo ubf{ klg sfg"gsf] ds;b k"/f x'g]b]lvG5 . tyflk lhNnf cbfnt / k'g/fj]bgcbfntn] ! jif{ ^ dlxgf s}b dfqsf] ;hfo ug{nufPsf] /fo eg] Hofb} Go"g b]lvPsf] x'Fbf ;f]/fonfO{ kl/jt{g u/L cbfntn] o:t} ljifosf;DaGwdf cjnDag u/]sf cEof; Pj+ k|rng;d]tnfO{ dgg\ u/L c=a+= !** g+= adf]lhd#-tLg_ jif{ s}b ubf{ sfg"gsf] dd{ k"/f x'g]b]lvbf k|ltjfbL sflGt /fgfnfO{ # -tLg_ jif{s}b x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM nLnf/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M /fdz/0f ltldlN;gfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn c;f/ !) ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

%df=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/ / df=Gof=>L ;'zLnfsfsL{, @)^% ;fnsf] ;=kmf}=k'=g+= )!(^, st{JoHofg, jL/]Gb|k|;fb ofbj lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

k]6df uf]nL nfuL cToflws /Qm>fj eO{d/]sf] eÌ] k|ltjfbLsf] nf;hfFr k|ltj]bgsf] Joxf]/f

plNnlvt ljleÌ JolQmx¿n] JoQm u/]sf] syg;FutfbfTotf /x]sf] b]lvFbf k|ltjfbLn] d[tsnfO{ uf]nLk|xf/ u/]sf] sf/0f d[tssf] d[To' ePsf] eÌ] b]lvgcfof] . o:tf] l:yltdf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] cleof]udfu bfjLadf]lhdsf] s;"/ u/]sf] e} Hofg;DaGwLdxnsf] !#-!_ g+= adf]lhd ;hfo x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lji6sDKo'6/M lgd{nf e§Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn sflQs !) ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

^df=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/ / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL,@)^^ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= )$$%, st{Jo Hofg,bLksaxfb'/ ;'j]bL lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

k|]dljjfx u/]/ ljZjf;df kf/L NofPsL>LdtLnfO{ nhdf /fv]sf] / nhdf a:bf cfˆgf]jf:tljs gfd 9fF6L ljj/0f n]vfPsf] b]lvG5 .k|ltjfbLn] d[ts cfˆgL >LdtLnfO{ cfkm"n]emf]nfdf af]sL NofPsf] wfl/nf] xltof/ v's'/Ln]k|xf/ u/L sf6L df/]sf] cj:yf jf/bftsf] 36gfljj/0faf6 b]lvG5 . 36gfkZrft\ k|ltjfbLn]jf/bftaf/] ;DalGwt lgsfodf hfx]/ gu/Lck/fwaf6 aRgsf] nflu efuL n'Sb} l5Kb} cfPsf]b]lvPaf6 o:tf] cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLnfO{c=j+ !** g+= adf]lhd sd ;hfo ug{ dgfl;agb]lvg] .

k|ltjfbLn] s;"/ ck/fw u/]sf] 7x¥ofO{Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-!_ adf]lhd ;j{Zj;lxthGds}b x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdn/fh lji6sDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn d++l;/ * ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

&df=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^$–WO–)^&#, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, ;/Ltf/fO{ lj= sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] sfof{no ;d]t

dxfgu/kflnsfn] u/]sf ] lg0f {opk/:yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g, @)%% sf] bkmf !^@adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ kfpg]j}slNks pkrf/sf] k|efjsf/L af6f] 5Fbf5Fb} pQmj}slNks pkrf/sf] af6f] cjnDag gu/L o;

1111111111


cbfntsf] ljz]if clwsf/If]qsf] af6f] cjnDagu/]sf] b]lvFbf l/6 hf/L ug{ k/]g . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM v8\u/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t !& ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

*df=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/ / df=Gof=>L j}BgfypkfWofo, @)^# ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= @)^, s/sfk,/fd af]u6L lj= df]xgaxfb'/ k/fh'nL

ljjflbt lnvtdf ePsf s]/d]6 / yk36Joxf]/fdf jfbLsf] cf}+7f5fk nufPsf] b]lvPaf6 jfbLsf;fIfLsf] askq ljZjf;of]Uo /x]sf] b]lvPg . o;sfcltl/Qm jfbLsf ;fIfL s/sfksf] jf/bft ePsf]b]Vg] k|ToIfbzL{ ;fIfL g/x]sf], lghn] æjfbLn] eg]sf]x'Fbf yfxf hfgsf/L ePsf]Æ eÌ] Joxf]/f n]vfOlbPaf6;'gL hfÌ] k|df0f k|df0f xf]Og eÌ] k|df0f sfg"gsf]dfGo l;4fGtcg';f/ ;d]t jfbLsf ;fIfLsf] jskqnfO{k|df0fdf u|x0f ug{ ldNg] b]lvPg . ctPj ljjflbtlnvt ;2] ;fFrf] Joxf]/faf6 tof/ ePsf] dfÌ'kg]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM v8\u/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !( ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

(df=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhe§, @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )^^–CI–)*^#, lgif]wf1f,/fdz+s/ ;}+h" lj= k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no, ¿kGb]xL ;d]t

s;}n] u}/sfg"gL ¿kdf s;}sf] sfg"gk|bQxsflwsf/df cf3ft k'¥ofpg ;Sg] k|jn cfz+sfljBdfg /x]sf] / To:tf] u}/sfg"gL sfo{af6lgj]bsnfO{ ck"/0fLo Iflt k'Ug ;Sg] b]lvg cfPdflgif]wf1fsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L ljkIfLx¿nfO{ To:tf]u}/sfg"gL sfo{ ug{af6 /f]Sg lgif]wf1fsf] cfb]zhf/L ug]{ ul/G5 . t/ k|:t't d'2fdf lgj]bsn]b]vfPsf] cfz+sf ljBdfg /x] ePsf] gb]lvPsfn]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, a'6jnn] u/]sf] cfb]z a]dgfl;jeÌ ldNg] b]lvPg . aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f;DaGwL ljifo/ k'g/fj]bs Pj+ ljkIfL /f~hLj >]i7aLrsf] hUufsf]n]gb]g;DaGwL ljifo km/s /x]sf] x'Fbf pQm sf/0fn]

dfq k'g/fj]bspk/ kqmfp ug]{ y'g5]s, s'6kL6 Pj+sfuh;d]t u/fpg] cfz+sf /x]sf] dfÌ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM v8\u/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 @& ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

!)df=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhe§, @)^$ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )^$–CR–)$(!, ;jf/LHofg, ;'b/ >]i7 lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

b'3{6gfdf k/L d[To' ePsf] ;jf/L rfnssf]aLdfafkt Ifltk"lt{sf] dfu ePsf] ljifo x'Fbf o:tf]ljifodf ;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g, @)$(sf] bkmf !^# tyf o; cbfntaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/lj?4 uLtfaxfb'/ yfkf ;d]t -g]sfk @)^$, cÍ*, k[i7 (&%_ ePsf] d'2fdf k|ltkflbt l;4fGtcg';f/cbfntaf6 If]qflwsf/ u|x0f u/L lg0f{o ug{ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM v8\u clwsf/LsDKo'6/M lgd{nf e§Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 @& ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

!!df=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhe§, @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )^^–CR–)%@(,cbfntsf] ckx]ngf, cfTd/fd d'/f/sf lj= pBf]uljefu ;d]t

pBf]usf] jflif{s pTkfbg IfdtfeGbf a9Llgsf;L ePsf] ;fdfgsf] eG;f/ dx;"n lkmtf{ lbggldNg] eÌ] lg0f{o ab/ ul/kfpFm eÌ] k'g/fj]bssf]k/dfb]z d'2fdf dfu /x]sf] gb]lvPsf], pQm d'2fdfeG;f/ dx;"n lkmtf{ kfpg] kmf/fdcg';f/sf] lkmtf{kfpg'kg]{ eG;f/ dx;"n lkmtf{ ug]{ ;Gbe{sf] ;Dk"0f{sfg"gL k|lqmof cljnDa k"/f ug{ u/fpg nufO{eG;f/ dx;"n lgj]bs pBf]unfO{ lkmtf{ lbg nufpg'egL k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eÌ] dfudfq ePsf]df pBf]usf] jflif{s pTkfbg IfdtfeGbfa9L lgsf;L ePsf] ;fdfgsf] eG;f/ dx;"n lkmtf{lbg gldNg] ljkIfLsf] lg0f{o ab/ x'g g;s]sf]cj:yfdf ;f] ;d]t lkmtf{ lbg' egL pQm k/dfb]zd'2fdf ePsf] cfb]zsf] dg;fo xf]Og . o:tf]cj:yfdf cbfntsf] ckx]ngf eof] egL dfÌ ldNg]cj:yf gb]lvFbf lgj]bg bfjL vf/]h x'g] .

1212121212


o;} nufpsf lgDg d'2fx¿df klg o;}cg';f/ km};nfePsf 5g\M§ @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )^^–CR–)%@*,

cbfntsf] ckx]ngf, cfTd/fd d'/f/sflj= pBf]u ljefu ;d]t

§ @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )^^–CR–)%#),cbfntsf] ckx]ngf, cfTd/fd d'/f/sflj= pBf]u ljefu ;d]t

§ @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )^^–CR–)%#!,cbfntsf] ckx]ngf, cfTd/fd d'/f/sflj= pBf]u ljefu ;d]t

§ @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )^^–CR–)%#@,cbfntsf] ckx]ngf, cfTd/fd d'/f/sflj= pBf]u ljefu ;d]t

Ohnf; clws[tM v8\u clwsf/LsDKo'6/M lgd{nf e§Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 @& ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

!@df=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/ / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhe§, @)^# ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= *(^!, n]gb]g, df]=Oa|flxdl/HjL lj=>LdtL lkkl/ofb]jL ;fx"

td;'sdf nfu]sf] oL k'g/fj]bssf] NofKr]tyf x:tfIf/nfO{ /]vf ljz]if1;Fu hfFr ug{ k7fpFbfNofKr]5fk ldNg leF8\g cfPsf] / x:tfIf/nfO{;dsfnLg x:tfIf/sf] cefjdf cfk;df le8fO{hfFr ug{ g;lsPsf] eÌ] ljz]if1sf] /fo /x]sf] /o; cbfntsf] cfb]zfg';f/ ldlt @)^&.!!.!% df/]vf ljz]if1 o; cbfntdf cfO{ askq ubf{ ;d]t;f]xL s'/fnfO{ ;dy{g x'g] u/L askq u/]sfn]k'g/fj]bssf] lhsL/adf]lhd pQm td;'s sLt]{egL gfdfs/0f ug{ ldNg] b]lvg cfPg . ctM jfbLbfjLsf] td;'s sLt]{ g7x/L ;2] b]lvgfn] jfbL;FulnP vfPsf] /sdsf] ;fFjf / Aofh ;d]t oLk'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] jfbLnfO{ ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ g}b]lvg cfof] . ;f]cg'¿ksf] ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ /sdoL k|ltjfbLn] jfbLnfO{ lt/] a'emfPsf] sfg"g;Ddt;a"b k|df0f k]z bflvnf u/]sf] gb]lvbf jfbLnfO{bfjLadf]lhd ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM x]daxfb'/ ;]gOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t * ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= #

!df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>L/fds'df/k|;fb zfx, @)^# ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #@*^,pTk|]if0f, /f]lxts'df/ >]i7 lj= dfnkf]t sfof{no,ef]hk'/ ;d]t

bfjLsf] ls=g+= $ sf] hUufdf e"ld;'wf/clwsf/Lsf] @)#*.!@.( sf] lg0f{oadf]lhd ljkIfLtLy{axfb'/ df]xL /x]sf] / hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/L kfpgdf]xLsf] lgj]bg k/L e"ld;'wf/ zfvfsf] sfd ;d]tug]{ ljkIfL dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 lgj]bs hUufwgL;d]tnfO{ Dofb k7fO{ k|ltjfbsf] cj;/ lbO{sfg"gadf]lhd ePsf] afF8kmfF8sf] lg0f{o / tT;DaGwLsfdsf/jfxL cfˆgf] clwsf/If]qcGtu{t k|rlntsfg"gadf]lhd e"ld;'wf/ clwsf/Lsf] clwsf/ k|of]uu/L dfnkf]t clws[tn] g/d–s/d ldnfO{ u/]sf]b]lvPsf] / sfg"gadf]lhd eP u/]sf] sfdsf/jfxL/ lg0f{oaf6 lgj]bssf] sfg"g jf ;+ljwfgk|bQ xsdfxgg\ ePsf] ;Demg ldNg] gx'gfn] ;f] lg0f{o ab/ug'{kg]{ gb]lvg] .Ohnf; clws[tM dx]Gb|k|;fb kf]v/]nsDKo'6/M ;'bLk k+1fgLOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn ebf} @& ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>Lcjw]zs'df/ ofbj, @)^& ;fnsf] CR–))&@,j}b]lzs /f]huf/ 7uL, s[i0fk|;fb k/fh'nL lj= g]kfn;/sf/

k|ltjfbLn] hfx]/jfnfx¿af6 /sd a'em]sf]lnvt s/sfkaf6 u/fPsf] egL sxL+ st} ph"/u/L ab/ u/fpg dfu u/]sf] eÌ] lhsL/ lngg;s]sf] / o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ubf{ ;d]tlghn] To;tk{m k|df0f k]z ug{ g;sL tf/]v u'hf/La;]af6 pQm k|df0f k]z x'g ;Sg] cj:yf /x]sf]ePsf] gkfOPsf]n] ;f] lnvtnfO{ cGoyf dfÌ ;Sg]cj:yf g/xg] .

k|ltjfbLn] lagf Ohfht j}b]lzs /f]huf/dfk7fpg hfx]/jfnfx¿af6 /sd lnPsf] sfo{ j}b]lzs

1313131313


/f]huf/ P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf !) ljk/Ltsf] sfo{b]lvFFbf bkmf $# adf]lhd k|ltjfbL s[i0fk|;fbk/fh'nLnfO{ ¿= !,%),))).– -Ps nfv krf; xhf/¿k}ofF_ h/Ljfgf / ! jif{ ^ dlxgf s}b /hfx ]/jfnfx¿n] %) k | ltzt xhf {gf;lxtk|ltjfbLaf6 lnvtadf]lhdsf] lauf] e/L kfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM ufoqLk|;fb /]UdLsDKo'6/M ;/:jtL kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t ^ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfzj:tL, @)^#–CI–)^#(, c+z, ;'/tfb]jL clx/ ofbj;d]t lj= /fdldng clx/ ofbj ;d]t

5'§} a;]sf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:odWo] :jf:gLdflg;sf gfdddf v/Lb ePsf] hUufnfO{ leÌ 3/eO{ a;]sf jfbLx¿sf] ;xof]uaf6 ;d]t cflh{t/x]sf] egL k|df0f a]u/ eÌ gldNg] x'Fbf zflGtb]jLsf]gfdsf] ls=g+= !)^$ sf] )–&–% w'/ hUuf lghsf]lghL cfh{gsf] eO{ a08f nfUg' gkg]{ x'Fbf / ldGxLl8xLsf] )–!–!$ w'/ hUuf / ;f]df ag]sf] kSsL 3/k|ltjfbL /fd ldngn] Psnf}6L ef]u ug{ kfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM ufoqLk|;fb /]UdLsDKo'6/M lgd{nf e§Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 !^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>Le/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^^–CI–))%@, cj}w h/Ljfgf,kjgs'df/ ;+3fO{ ;d]t lj= 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]uljefu, lqk'/]Zj/ ;d]t

g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGq:t/sf] ldlt @)^!.!@.#sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ cf}Bf]lus Joj;fo P]gsf] bkmf @%ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ ug]{ pBf]usf ;DaGwdf ¿= Psnfv;Dd h/Ljfgf ug]{ clwsf/ 7"nf tyf demf}nfpBf]usf xsdf pBf]u ljefusf dxflgb]{zs /3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]usf xsdf ;f]xL ljefusfdxflgb]{zsnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ u/L clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgePsf] lg0f{osf] k|ltlnlkaf6 b]lvG5 . k'g/fj]bsn]pBf]u cg'dlt btf{ k|df0fkqdf plNnlvtzt{adf]lhd bjfsf]6 uf=lj=;= j8f g+= $ df pBf]u:yfkgf u/]sf] gb]lvPaf6 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u

ljefusf dxflgb]{zsn] k|Tofof]lht clwsf/sf];Ldfleq /xL k'g/fj]bsnfO{ cf}Bf]lus Joj;foP]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @%-!_ adf]lhd ¿= %!,))).–h/Ljfgf u/]sf] lg0f{o dgfl;a x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM ufoqLk|;fb /]UdLsDKo'6/M lgd{nf e§Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 !& ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= $

!df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ls[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, )^&–CR–)@!&, st{Jo Hofg,hLjg jnL lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

cleo'Qmsf] cbfntdf ;d]t ePsf] ;fljtLsyg -Confession_ cGoyf k|dfl0ft gePdf ;jf]{Qdk|df0f x'g] / k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf (-!_ adf]lhdlghsf lj¿4 k|df0fdf lng'kg]{ x'G5 . lghsf] ;f];fljtL syg ldl;n ;+nUg s'g} tYo / k|df0faf6c;+ut gb]lvPdf ;f] sygnfO{ lg0ff{os k|df0fsf]¿kdf dfÌ'kg]{ x'G5 . pQm ;fljtL syg s] s'gcfwf/df cdfGo ug'{kg]{ xf] ;f] ;DaGwdf lghk'g/fj]bsn] s'g} tYok"0f{ / cfwf/;lxtsf] lhsL/lng ;s]sf] kfOFb}g . o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ubf{;d]t cfˆgf] pko'{Qm ;fljtL jofgsf af/]dfcfwf/;lxt v08g gu/L s]jn cleof]u bfjL :jtGqPj+ j:t'lgi7 k|df0faf6 k'li6 gePsf] eÌ];DdlhsL/ lnPsf] kfOG5 . 36gf ePsf] ldlt@)^%.*.@% sf] lbg d[ts af;dtL jnL / oLk|ltjfbL ;Fu} ufO{ r/fpg uPsf] / lghx¿ afx]s36gf:yndf c¿ sf]xL ePsf] eÌ] gb]lvPsf]cj:yfdf cGo s;}sf] ;+nUgtf x'g ;Sg] cj:yfgePsf] / tT;DaDaGwdf oL k'g/fj]bssf] cGoyflhsL/ klg /x]sf] b]lvb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdfcbfnt;dIfsf] lghsf] ;fljtL aofgnfO{ k|df0fP]g, @)#! sf bkmf ( adf]lhd k|df0fdf lng gkg]{dgfl;a cfwf/ / sf/0f gb]lvg] .Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnofsDKo'6/M ljb'ifL /fodfemLOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !! ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

1414141414


@df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ls[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, )^^–CR–)&#&, st{Jo Hofg,k'ikfdfof du/ lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

Gofostf{n] 36L ;hfo x'g'kg]{ egL cg'e"ltu/]sf] cj:yfdf klg lglZrt cfwf/x¿sf]ljBdfgtf ckl/xfo{ g} b]lvG5, sfg"gn] g} sf/0f;lxtsf] v'nf;fsf] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5Æ egL ghL/l;4fGt ;d]t k|ltkfbg eO/x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf c=a+=!** g+= adf]lhd sfg"gn] x'g] ;hfoeGbf 36L;hfo tf]s]sf]df cfkm"nfO{ ;f] eGbf klg 36L ;hfox'g'kg]{ eÌ] oL k'g/fj]lbsfsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/sfg"g;+ut gx'g] .

s;"/ ubf{sf cj:yfdf lghsf] pd]/ !&jif{ b]lvPsf], ljjfxkZrft\ klg k9fpg] n]vfpg]egL d[tsn] ljjfx u/L NofPsf] t/ k9fpg] n]vfpg]sfo{ gu/L k9\g n]Vg afwf Jojwfg u/]sf], b}lgs/S;L ;]jg u/L lghn] zf/Ll/s Pj+ dfgl;s oftgflbg] u/]sf] kl/l:yltnfO{ lghn] Joj:yfkg ug{g;sL sRrf / ckl/kSj pd]/df s;"/ ck/fwu/]sf] b]lvPsf] tyf ck/fw u/]kZrft\ s;"/ :jLsf/u/L cg';Gwfg sfo{nfO{ ;/n agfO{ ;xof]u u/]sLtyf lgh ck/fw ubf{sf] cj:yfdf ue{jtL eO{xfn Ps ;GtfgsL cfdf ePsL / lktfsf] d[To'eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] ;Gtfgsf] kfngkf]if0f, /IfflzIff ug]{ lgh Psdfq ;+/Ifs b]lvPsf] kl/l:yltnfO{;d]t ljrf/ ubf{ oL k'g/fj]lbsf k|ltjfbLnfO{P]gadf]lhdsf] ;hfo lbFbf rsf]{ x'g] b]lvPsf]n]lghnfO{ !) -bz jif{_ dfq s}b x'g'kg]{ egLk'g/fj]bg cbfnt wgs'6faf6 JoQm /fo o'lQm;+ut,j:t'k/s Pj+ dgfl;a b]lvFbf ;f] /fo ;b/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnofsDKo'6/M ljb'ifL /fodfemLOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !! ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ls[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^%–CR–)&&!, st{Jo Hofg,bfgaxfb'/ /fO{ lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

lktf kz' {/fdn] cfdf dgdfofnfO {sf]bfnf]sf] laF8n] lg3f{t s'6kL6 ul//x]sf] / To;/L

gs"6\g egL lktfnfO{ ;DemfpFbf cfkm"nfO{ g} s'6\gcfPsf] x'Fbf lktfsf] xftaf6 pQm sf]bfnf]sf] laF8vf];L lghsf] 6fpsf]df k|xf/ ubf{ d[ts kz'{/fd/fOsf] d[To' ePsf] xf] egL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn]df}sfdf clwsf/ k|fKt clwsf/L;dIf Pj+ cbfntdf;d]t aofg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLn] cfkm"n] u/]sf]s;"/hGo sfo{ :jLsf/L cg';Gwfg sfo{df ;xof]uk'¥ofPsf] / ck/fw u/]sf] cj:yf ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ubf{ lghnfO{ P]gadf]lhdsf] ;hfo ubf{ rsf]{ kg]{b]lvPsf]n] oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL bfgaxfb'/ /fOnfO{!) -bz jif{_ dfq s}b ;hfo x'g] pko'{Qm / dgfl;ax'g] egL c=a+= !** g+= adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg cbfntwgs'6faf6 JoQm /fo ;d]t dgfl;a b]lvg] .Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnofsDKo'6/M ljb'ifL /fodfemLOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !! ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Ls[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo, @)^&–CR–)&!^, nfu" cf}ifw,xf]ds'df/ s6'jfn lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

df}sfdf clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/L;dIfa/fdb ePsf] nfu" cf}ifw v}/f] lx/f]Og ef/tLoJolQmx¿ ;rLg ;fx / aAn' ;fx eÌ] JolQmn]cfkm"nfO{ laqmL ug{ egL lbPsf] / ;f]adf]lhd laqmLug{ lxF8]sf] cj:yfdf kqmfp k/]sf] egL s;"/df;fljt eO{ u/]sf,] aofg a/fdbL d'r'Nsfdf pNn]vePsf] pko'{Qm k|df0fx¿af6 ;dy{g ePsf] a+u'/sf]v/Lb laqmLsf] Joj;fo ug]{ JolQm x'g] egLcbfntdf askq u/L lbPsf ePklg lgh k|ltjfbLsf];fyaf6 nfu" cf}ifw a/fdb ePsf] tYosf] kl/k|]Iodflghsf ;fIfLsf] ;f] syg lghnfO{ s;"/af6 ;kmfOlbg jf ;hfodf 5"6 x'g] cfwf/ aÌ g;Sg] .

a/fdb ePsf] nfu" cf}ifw cfˆgf] ;fydf/xg'sf] jf k|fKt ug'{sf] sfg"gadf]lhdsf] cfwf/Pj+ sf/0f lbO{ cfˆgf] lgbf]{liftfsf] 7f];, csf6\o /ljjfb/lxt k|df0f k]z ug{ ;s]sf] kfOb}g . s'g}cleo'Qmsf] s;"/df OGsf/ /xL JoQm u/]sf] lghsf]sygn] dfq lghsf] lgbf]{liftf k|dfl0ft ug]{ cfwf/x'g g;Sg] x'G5 . ;f] OGsf/L sygnfO{ k|dfl0ft ug{lghn] tYok"0f{, ljjfb/lxt Pj+ ljZj;gLo k|df0f

1515151515


klg k]z ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . cfkm"af6 a/fdb ePsf] nfu"cf}ifw cfˆgf] xf]Og jf sfg"gadf]lhd cfkm"n] /fv]sf]xf] egL k|dfl0ft ug]{ ef/ pQm bkmf !@ adf]lhd oLk|ltjfbLsf] ePsf]df lghn] k]z u/]sf] ;fIfLsf]sygaf6 dfq cGoyf k|dfl0ft x'g g;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM k'ik/fh yklnofsDKo'6/M ljb'ifL /fodfemLOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !! ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

%df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^%–WO–)!$$, k/dfb]z, g'/lglw Gof}kfg];d]t lj= sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf afub/jf/

lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhd dxfgu/kflnsf:jo+n] lgj]bsx¿sf] tx ldnfg eg]{ lg0f{o ul/;s]sf]x'gfn] tbg's"n pQm lg0f{oadf]lhd x'g] g} x'gfn]k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg cf}lrToxLg eO;s]sf]n]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L u/L /xg k/]g . k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/zrGb| OªgfdsDKo'6/M ljb'ifL /fodfemLOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t @# ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .§ o;} k|s[ltsf] @)^%–WO–)!^(, k/dfb]z,

e}/aaxfb '/ af ]u6L lj= sf7df8f } +dxfgu/kflnsf, afub/jf/ ePsf] d'2fdfo;}cg';f/ km};nf ePsf] 5 .

^df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L j}BgfypkfWofo, @)^%–WO–)@&*, pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z;d]t, zf/bf ;'j]bL -clwsf/L_ ;d]t lj= /fdk|;fb;'j]bL ;d]t

sfg"gdf j}slNks pkrf/sf] dfu{ ljBdfg/x]sf]df ;f]xL j}slNks pkfoaf6 pkrf/ vf]Hghfg' kb{5 . To:tf] j}slNks pkrf/sf] dfu{ gePsf]jf ;f] pkfo k|efjsf/L gePsf] cj:yfdf dfql/6 If]qdf k|j]z u/L pkrf/ dfu ug{ cfpg] xf] /o; cbfntaf6 klg c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]qcGtu{tl/6 hf/L u/L pkrf/ k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 . ;fy};f] j}slNks pkrf/ lsg k|efjsf/L 5}g eÌ] klgl/6 lgj]bgdf j:t'lgi7 tj/af6 pNn]v ug{' kg]{x'G5 . t/ k|:t't lgj]bgdf lgj]bsx¿n] ;f] j}slNks

pkrf/sf] pkfo lsg k|efjsf/L gePsf] eÌ] s]xLpNn]v gu/L k|:t't l/6 lbPsf] b]lvG5 . ctM km};nfjf ldnfkq ab/tkm{ ph"/ ug{ kfpg] c=j+= *^ sf]sfg"gL dfu{ Pj+ s/sfkaf6 /fhLgfdf lnvtu/fPsf] eP c=a+= #* g+= cGtu{tsf] sfg"gL dfu{cjnDag ug''{kg]{df To;f] gu/L ;Lw} o; cbfntdfl/6 If]qdf k|j]z u/]sf] x'Fbf j}slNks pkrf/sf]sfg"g;Ddt dfu{sf] ljBdfgtfdf l/6 vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nLsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !% ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

&df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhe§, @)^# ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= ̂ (*, k/dfb]z, /fhs'df/;'jfn lj= lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, nlntk'/

cfkm";dIf hfx]/L k/]sf] egL lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{non] :jLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdfsfg"gåf/f tf]lsPsf] st{Jo k"/f gug]{ k|ToyL{ lhNnfk|x/L sfof{no nlntk'/sf gfpFdf sfg"gåf/ftf]lsPsf] ;f] sfd st{Jo k"/f gug]{ k|ToyL{ lhNnfk|x/L sfof{no nlntk'/sf gfpFdf sfg"gåf/ftf]lsPsf] ;f] sfd st{Jo k"/f ug{ k/dfb]z hf/Lug{ kg]{df ;f] gu/L lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x¥ofPsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] pQm cfb]z ldn]sf] gb]lvFbfpN6L x'g] tyf lgj]bssf] ph"/Lsf ;DaGwdf of]km};nf k|fKt ePsf] Ps dlxgfleq cg';GwfgtxsLsftsf] sfdsf/jfxL k"/f u/L sfg"gadf]lhdd'2f rNg] jf grNg] eÌ] ;DaGwdf sfg"gadf]lhdsf/jfxL / lg0f{o ug'{ egL ljkIfL lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{no nlntk'/sf gfddf k/dfb]z hf/L x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nLsDKo'6/M ljb'ifL /fodfemLOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}zfv !@ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

*df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhe§, @)^%–CR–)@(*, s'6kL6, n'6kL6, cf]dk|sfz>Ljf:tj lj= lzj ef/tL ;d]t

jfbLsf] ;fIfL lzjk|;fb kf7sn] u/]sf]askq x]bf{ 38L dbg >]i7n] lnPsf] b]v]sf] x'FegL ;=h= & df pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvG5 eg]

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;=h= * df k|ltjfbL bLks >]i7n] 38L n'6\bfd}n] cfFvfn] b]v]sf] x'F egL pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvFbfslxn] 38L k|ltjfbL bLks >]i7n] n'6]sf] eÌ],slxn] k|ltjfbL dbg >]i7n] n'6kL6 u/]sf] eÌ]jfbLsf] ;fIfLsf] askq ljjfbf:kb b]lvFbf jfbLbfjLnfO{ jfbLsf] ;fIfLn] k'li6 ug{ ;s]sf] eÌldNg] b]lvPg . k|ltjfbLn] n'6kL6 u/]sf] eÌ]bfjL k|df0faf6 k'li6 ePsf] gb]lvFbf n'6kL6tkm{sf]jfbL bfjL gk'Ug] .

s'6kL6tkm{ sf] s;n] s;/L s'6kL6 u/]egL v'nfpg ;s]sf] kfOb}g . k|ltjfbL g/xl/gfyof]uLn] s] s;/L jfbLnfO{ s'6kL6 u/sf] xf] ;f]lkm/fb bfjLaf6 k|i6 v'nfpg ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g eg]oL k|ltjfbLn] cfkm}+n] jfbLnfO{ s'6kL6 u/]sf]dfOGsf/L u/L k|ltpQ/ lkm/fPsf] / k|ltpQ/lhsL/nfO{ lghsf] ;fIfLn] ;dy{g u/L askq u/]sf]b]lvFbf k|ltjfbL g/xl/gfy of]uLsf] xsdf jfbLbfjL gk'Ug] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/ZrGb| OËgfdsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g % ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

(df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhe§, @)^%–CR–)^!#, Hofg dfg]{ pBf]u, /xhgLrf]/L, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= /fh' ;'gf/

k|ltjfbLn] kLl8t k'ik/fh a/fnnfO{ k|xf/ubf{ c¿ s;}sf] cj/f]w eO{ Hofg dfg{ gkfPsf] eÌ]cj:yf ;d]t b]lvg cfPg . k|ltjfbLn] kmnfdsf]kfOkn] k|xf/ u/L df]afOn / gub n'6L nu]sf] eÌ];d]t b]lvPsf] 5 . kLl8t k'ik/fh a/fn;Fuk|ltjfbLsf] s'g} k"j{ l/;OjL ePsf] eÌ] klg gb]lvPsf]/ PsfGt :yfgdf hf] sf]xL e]6] klg wgdfn n'6]/efU5' eÌ] of]hgf agfO{ k|ltjfbL;Fu;Fu} lxF8]sf]cj:yfdf lghsf] ;fydf ePsf] wgdfn n'6\g] p2]Zon]k|ltjfbLn] kLl8tnfO{ kmnfdsf] kfOkn] k|xf/ u/]sf]b]lvgfn] Hofg dfg]{ dg;fon] g} k|ltjfbLn] kLl8tnfO{k|xf/ u/]sf] eÌ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/ZrGb| OËgfdsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g % ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

!)df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhe§, @)^$–WO–!)&*, pTk|]if0f, k/dfb]z ;d]t,hfu]Zj/ /fo lj= /fdrGb|k|;fb ;fx ;d]t

u}/sfg"gL tyf nfk/jfxLk"j{s ul/Psf] tyf;DklQsf] jf:tljs d"NofÍg geO{ lhNnf cbfntlgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod &% df plNnlvtsfo{ljlw k"/f u/L d'r'Nsf ePsf] ;d]t gb]lvPaf6;f] lgodfjnLcg's"n gePsf] sfd sf/jfxLaf6lgj]bssf] ;DklQ;DaGwL xsdf :ki6 ¿kdf cf3ftk/]sf] b]lvFbf To:tf] d'r'Nsf ab/ ug'{kg]{df gu/]sf];nf{xL lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt @)^$.*.!$ ut]sf]cfb]z / ;f] cfb]znfO{ ;b/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnthgsk'/sf] ldlt @)^$.!@.!$ ut]sf] cfb]z ;d]tq'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf pQm cfb]zx¿ sfod /xg g;Sg] eO{pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ x'g] .

km};nf sfof{Gjog ul/kfpFm egL @)^#.%.!^ut] k/]sf] b/vf:tdf plNnlvt hUufx¿ / tLhUufdf /x]sf ef}lts Pj+ k|fs[lts ;DklQ ;d]tsf]rng rNtLsf] df]n 5'§f5'§} :ki6 u/L v'nfO{ b'a}kIf ljkIf tyf uf=lj=;= k|ltlglw ;d]tsf] /f]xa/df/fvL lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL @)%@ sf] lgod&% df plNnlvt sfo{ljlw / k|lqmof k"/f u/L k'gMtfobft d'r'Nsf Pj+ k~rsLt]{ df]n sfod u/Lk|rlnt sfg"gsf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L lauf] e/fpg]sfo{ ;DkÌ ug'{ egL ljkIfL ;nf{xL lhNnf cbfntsf]gfddf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z ;d]t hf/L x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nLsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g @) ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

!!df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhe§, @)^%–CI–))(!, n]gb]g, gOd'Nnf O/fsL lj=O{Gtfh cnL dlgxf/

k|ltjfbL gOd'Nnf / bfgaxfb'/ zfxLsf]aLrsf] cfGtl/s ;Demf}tfsf] cfwf/df pQm O{F6fe§f bfgaxfb'/ zfxLn] ;~rfng u/] tfklg ;f]cfwf/df O{F6f e§fsf k|f]k|fO6/ oL k|ltjfbLn] O{6fe§fn] ltg{ afFsL /sd ltg{ kg]{ bfloTjaf6 pGd'lQmkfpg ;S5 eÌ ldNg] x'Fb}g . csf{ k|ltjfbL d'G;L/fd

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5lan]n] ltg{ afFsL /sd egL n]vL lbPsf] lr6sf];DaGwdf v08g u/L k|ltpQ/ lkm/fPsf] b]lvFb}g, /k|ltjfbL gOd'Nnfn] ;d]t cfˆgf] kqcg';f/ d'G;Ln]tof/ u/L ltg{ afFsL /sd pNn]v u/L jfbLnfO{lbPsf] lr6sf] ;DaGwdf cGoyf eÌ ;s]sf] gb]lvFbfk|ltjfbL gOd'Nnfsf] kqsf] cfwf/df d'G;L/fd5ljn]n] lx;fa u/L ltg{ afFsL /sd pNn]v u/LjfbLnfO{ n]vL lbPsf] lr6df plNnlvt /sd jfbLn]k|ltjfbLaf6 e/fO{ kfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/ZrGb| OËgfdsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g % ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

!@df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^%–CI–)^**, c+z, gGbsnfu'¿Ë lj=uf]kfn l;Fx u'¿Ë

s'g} klg ;DklQ lghL cfh{g / xssf]7x/ ug{ c+za08fsf] !* g+= adf]lhd lghL tj/af6as; kfPsf] jf ck'tfnL k/]sf] jf cfˆgf] lghL1fg ;Lkaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] ;DklQ x'g'kg]{ x'Fbf g]kfnk'gjf{; sDkgLaf6 oL k|ToyL{ jfbL ;d]t ;uf]ndf/xFbf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf] gfddf v/Lb ePsf]hUuf / 3/ ;d]tdf oL jfbLsf] c+z xs gnfUg]eÌ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/ZrGb| OËgfdsDKo'6/M ljb'ifL /fodfemLOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g $ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!#df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>L1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^^–CI–)#&%, CI–)#(!,c+z rng, >LdtL ;'sdfof dxh{g ;d]t lj=hutaxfb'/ dxh{g ;d]t, gfgL dxh{g ;d]tlj=>LdtL ;'sdfof dxh{g ;d]t

ls=g+= ^$ / &) sf] hUuf btf{jfnfhutaxfb'/ oL jfbL k|ltjfbLsf] klt lktf ePsf]dfljjfb b]lvFb}g . jfbL k|ltjfbL ;uf]ndf /xFbfs}cj:yfdf k|= hutaxfb'/n] ls=g+= ^$ / &) sf]hUuf as;kqaf6 k|fKt u/sf] b]lvG5 . as;kqaf6k|fKt ePsf] ;DklQ laqmL Jojxf/ ug{sf] nfluas; kfpg]n] cfkm"v'z ug{ kfpg] eP klg c+zsf]

k|of]hgsf] lgldQ klt / lktfn] h'g;'s} ;|f]taf6k|fKt u/]sf] ;DklQ eP klg kTgL / 5f]/fsf] nfluk}lqs ;DklQ dflgg] .

k|ltjfbL hutaxfb'/ dxh{gn] /f=jf=a}+ssLlt{k'/ zfvfaf6 ls=g+= ^# sf] hUuf lwtf] /fvLC0f lnPsf] b]lvPsf]df ;f] C0f lnFbfsf] cj:yfdfoL jfbL k|ltjfbL ;uf]ndf /x]sf] / ;uf]ndf /xFbfsf]cj:yfdf n]gb]g Jojxf/sf] * g+= ;d]tsf]Joj:yfcg'¿k 3/sf] d'Vo JolQm oL jfbLsf kltlktfn] lnPsf] C0f lbg'kg]{ bfloTj ;uf]ndf /x]sf;a} c+lzof/sf] x'g] x'Fbf ;f] C0f ;uf]nsf] x'Fbf ;f]C0f ltg'{ kg]{ bfloTj oL k'g/fj]bs jfbLdf g/xg]eÌ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/ZrGb| OËgfdsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g $ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!$df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;, @)^^–WO–)#(@, pTk|]if0fk/dfb]z ;d]t, v8\uaxfb'/ 3tL{ ;d]t lj= ;fdfGok|zf;g dGqfno ;d]t

lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf &@cg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflztu/L cfkm"df /x]sf] clwsf/ ;f] ;"rgfdf tf]lsPsf]clwsf/LnfO{ k|Tof]hg ug{ ;lsg] sfg"gL Joj:yfePsf]df ;f]adf]lhd /fhkqdf s'g} ;"rgf g}k|sfzg gu/L sfg"gdf tf]lsPsf] sfo{ljlw k"/fgu/L lgj]bsx¿nfO{ ;¿jf u/]sf] sfo{ ;f] sfg"gLJoj:yfcg's"nsf] gx'Fbf sfg"gsf] plrt k|lqmof g}gk'¥ofO{ lgj]bsx¿nfO{ ;¿jf u/]sf] lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no, bfËsf] ldlt @)^^.$.@^ sf] lg0f{o tyfldlt @)^^.$.@& sf] ;¿jfkq ;d]t sfod /xgg;Sg] eO{ pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nLOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !& ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!%df=Gof=>L /fds'df/k|;fb zfx / df=Gof=>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;, @)^$–WO–)%^!, pTk|]if0fo'Qmk/dfb]z ;d]t, axfb'/s[i0f tfd|fsf/ ;d]t lj=sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf ;d]t

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sfg"gdf pkrf/sf] af6f] pknAw eP;Dd;Da4 clwsf/L lgsfoaf6 pkrf/ vf]Hg' kb{5 .sfg"gdf j}slNks sfg"gL pkrf/sf] Joj:yfpknAw ePsf]df o; cbfntsf] l/6 If]qsf] c;fwf/0fclwsf/ k|of]u u/L pkrf/ k|bfg ug{ ldNb}g / ug]{klg gul/Psfn] lgj]bsx¿n] j}slNks sfg"gLdfu{ cg'z/0f gu/L ;Lw} l/6If]qdf k|j]z u/]sf]b]lvFbf j}slNks sfg"gL pkrf/sf] ljBdfgtfdfl/6 If]qaf6 pkrf/ k|bfg ug{ ldn]g, k|:t't l/6vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nLsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !& ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= %!

df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fbpkfWofo, @)^^ ;fnsf] CR–)@%#, e|i6frf/,/fdz/0f v8\sf lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

lhDd]jf/ ;fj{hlgs cf]xbfdf a;]sf]JolQmn] k/LIff pQL0f{ g} gu/L em"Ýf z}lIfs k|df0fkqu|x0f u/L s'g} gofF z}lIfs pkflw wf/0f ub{5 eg];f] sfo{ ck/fwhGo sfo{ x'g hfg] .

s'g} gSsnL z}lIfs pkflwsf] dfWodaf6cfkm"n] kmfObf k|fKt u/L g;s]sf] jf ug]{ p2]Zog/x]sf] egL lhsL/ lnFb}df lghn] sLt]{, gSSnL jfhfnL ;l6{lkms]6 wf/0f u/]sf] sfo{ s;"/hGo sfo{xf]Og egL dfÌ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM ladn kf}8]nsDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn d+l;/ @* ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fbpkfWofo, @)^% ;fnsf] CR–)%(%, e|i6frf/,g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= /dg >]i7 ;d]t

lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn eG;f/sfof{nosf] k|1fkgkq g+= ̂ &(! /l;b g+= %$!#!&ldlt @)%!.!.! ut] eG;f/ eO{ cfO{ ldlt@)%!.!.!$ ut] btf{ sfod ePsf] egL pkTosf6«flkms k|x/L sfof{no -c=c= tyf sf/jfxL zfvf_

n] ldlt @)^).&.@$ df n]v]sf] kqnfO{ cGoyfeÌ ;lsg] l:ylt /x]sf] gb]lvPsf] ;d]t x'Fbfaf=@ r @$^& g+= sf] ;jf/L ;fwg rf]/L k}7f/Lul/Psf] tYo :yflkt x'g ;s]sf] kfOPg . ;f]gkfOg'sf] ;fy} k|ltjfbLx¿n] ab\lgot u/L ;f];jf/Lsf] gfd;f/L btf{ ug]{ u/fpg] sfo{ u/]sf]s'/fsf] k'i6\ofO{ ;d]t 7f]; ¿kaf6 ePsf]gkfOPsf]n] k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ ;hfo u/L ;jf/L;fwg hkmt ul/kfpFm eÌ] ;d]tsf] jfbL g]kfn;/sf/sf] cleof]u bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM ladn kf}8]nsDKo'6/M ejfgL 9'ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn d+l;/ @* ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fbpkfWofo, @)^& ;fnsf] @)^&–WO–))$^,pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z, gf/fo0fk|;fb e§/fO{ lj=g]kfn vfB ;+:yfg, k|wfg sfof{no ;d]t

sfg"gadf]lhd cjsfz k|fKt u/]sf]b]lvPkl5 lgj]bsn] ;]jf zt{sf] sfg"gadf]lhd kfpg];'ljwfsf] /sdsf ;DaGwdf of] jf Tof] sf/0fb]vfO{ sfg"gadf]lhd k|fKt ug]{ ;'ljwf lbg OGsf/ug{ gldNg] .

c;"npk/ ug'{kg]{ b]jfgL bfjLsf] /f]xdfs'g} /sd c;"n ug'{kg]{ 7x/ ePdf ;f]xLadf]lhdx'g] / To;sf nflu 5'§} sf/jfxL cjnDag ;d]tug'{kg]{df ;f] ;d]t gePsf] l:yltdf cjsfz k|fKtul/;s]sf] / cjsfzkl5 lghn] ;]jf zt{sf]sfg"gadf]lhd k|fKt ug]{, /sd kfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 ^ ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L k|]d zdf{,@)^^ ;fnsf] CR–)@%@, 8fFsf, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj=a|Dxb]j d'lvof ;d]t

hfx]/L lbFbf cfˆgf] of] of] o:tf] o:tf];fdfg 8fFsf ePsf] egL v'nfO{ hfx]/L lbPsf]klg b]lvFb}g . a/fdb ePkl5 dfq of] cfˆgf] ;fdfgegL eÌ]n] klxn] klg of] of] o:tf] o:tf] ;fdfg

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egL dfnwgLn] v'nfO{ lbg ;Sg'kg]{ x'G5 . olbTo;/L v'nfpg g;s]sf]df ;fdfg kl5 b]v]kl5tYoo'Qm / e/kbf]{ k|df0f;lxt cfˆgf] xf] egLbfjL ug{ ;Sg'kg] { x'G5 . To;sf cefjdfhfx]/jfnfn] cfˆgf] eGb}df lghsf] dfÌ ;lsg]cj:yf b]lvÌ . k|ltjfbLx¿pk/sf] bfjL z+sf/lxttj/n] k'li6 / k|dfl0ft ePdf dfq s;"/ sfodx'g ;Sg] x'G5 ha;Dd jfbL kIfn] z+sf/lxttj/n] bfjL k'li6 / k|dfl0ft u/fpg ;Sb}g, ta;Ddz+sfsf= ;'ljwf cleo'Qmn] kfpg] b]lvG5 . cf/f]lkts;"/ u/]sf] eÌ] b]lvg] z+sf/lxt tYoo'Qm k|df0fsf]cefjdf k|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ ;kmfO{ lbg] 7x¥ofPsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt hgsk'/sf] km};nf ldn]s} x'Fbf;b/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM>Lk|;fb ;~h]nsDKo'6/M ejfgL 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn d+l;/ !@ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

%df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ofbj, @)^$ ;fnsf] CI–)&^(, lg0f{o ab/ lvrf]nfd]6fO{ xs sfod ;d]t, d'=;= ug]{ zf]efnIdL uf]vf{nL;d]t lj= k|]daxfb'/ v8\sf

k'g/fj]bsx¿n] k|ToyL{ jfbLsf] x'g] u/Lcfˆgf] xs g} kl/Tofu ul/;s]sf] / To;/L cfˆgf]xs kl/Tofu ul/Psf] d~h"/Lsf] cl:tTj sfod/lx/x]sf] cj:yfdf ljjflbt hUufx¿ k|ToyL{ jfbLk|]daxfb'/ v8\sfsf gfddf btf{ e} lvrf]nf d]6fO{xs sfod x'g] g} b]lvFbf ljjflbt hUufx¿ df]xLjfbL k|]daxfb'/ v8\sfsf gfddf btf{ e} lvrf]nfd]6fO{ xs sfod x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM>Lk|;fb ;~h]nsDKo'6/M ejfgL 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 @ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

^df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ofbj, @)^# ;fnsf] WO–)!$!, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z,zLnf /fgf du/ lj= e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfno;d]t

df]lxofgL xs h] h:tf] k|s[ltsf] hUufdfeP klg pQm xsnfO{ e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! cg';f/

k|rngdf Nofpg ;Sg' kb{5 . k|:t't d'2fdflgj]lbsfn] pQm P]gadf]lhd cfˆgf] dflxofgL xs:yflkt u/fpg ;Sg' ePsf] ;d]t b]lvFb}g . cfˆgf]lglj{jfb xs :yflkt b]vfpg g;sL g]kfn ;/sf/sf]gfpFdf btf{ /x]sf] hUufdf df]lxofgL xs sfodu/L kfpg' kb{5 eÌ] lgj]bg lhsL/ plrt gb]lvFbfl/6 vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM ladn kf}8]nsDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 @$ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

&df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L lu/Lz rGb|nfn, @)^^ ;fnsf] WO–)!@@#, pTk|]if0fo'Qmk/dfb]z ;d]t, pborGb| k/fh'nL lj= dfnkf]tsfof{no l8NnLahf/ ;d]t

sfg"gåf/f lglb{i6 sfo{ k"/f u/L lgj]bssf]lgj]bgdf cfjZos sf/jfxL u/L 6'Ëf] nufpg'kg]{df sfg"gL af6f] g} cjnDag u/L g;sL ldlt@)^&.!.!^ sf] cfb]zåf/f xfn ;fljs ug{ gldNg]egL lgj]bssf] lgj]]bg tfd]nLdf /fVg] u/]sf]dfnkf]t sfof{nosf] lg0f{o gldn]sf]n] pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zåf/f ab/ x'g] 7x5{ . ca lgj]bssf] lgj]bgdfk"/f ug'{kg]{ pk/f]Qmadf]lhdsf] sfo{ k"/f u/L 6'Ëf]nufpg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf gfddf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]zhf/L x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM>Lk|;fb ;~h]nsDKo'6/M ejfgL 9'+ËfgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 % ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

*df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{,@)^& ;fnsf] )^&–WH–))$^, aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f,wgaxfb'/ sfsL{ lj= u'~haxfb'/ sfsL{ ;d]t

k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bsn] ljkIfLx¿n]lgj]bgdf plNnlvt JolQmx¿nfO{ kqmfp u/L y'g]sf]eÌ] s'g} cfwf/e"t ;"rgf Pj+ tYo :yflkt ug{;s]sf] b]lvÌ . o;/L lgj]bgdf plNnlvt JolQmnfO{ljkIfLx¿n] kqmfp u/]sf] jf y'g]sf] eÌ] cfwf/e"t;"rgf Pj+ tYo g} :yflkt gu/L ljkIfL agfO{cfb]z hf/L u/L kfpg dfu u/]sf] b]lvFbf To:tf]ckl/kSj Pj+ cfwf/e"t ;"rgf pNn]v g} gu/]sf]

2020202020


lgj]bg Joxf]/fnfO{ ;To ;fFrf] dfgL ljkIfLx¿sfgfpFdf cfb]z hf/L ug{ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g @& ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

(df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{,@)^# ;fnsf] CR–)##*, st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn;/sf/ lj= ladnf e§ lwtfn

k|ltjfbL ladnf e§sf] clwsf/k|fKtclwsf/L;dIfsf] ;fljtL aofgafx]s k|:t't d'2fdfoL k|ltjfbL ladnf e§n] pQm jf/bft 36fpg]sfo{df if8\oGq u/]sf] x'g\ egL ljZjf; ug'{kg]{j:t'lgi7 Pj+ 7f]; k|df0fsf] cefj x'Fbf k|ltjfbLladnf e§nfO{ cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO{ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM ladn kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn d+l;/ @& ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

!)df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{,@)^^ ;fnsf] CI–)$*$, c+z rng, ;fÌfgL eÌ]dxs'df/L uh'/]n ;d]t lj= sfG5L uh'/]n

c+z sfg"gadf]lhd :yflkt s'g} vf;kl/jf/df hGds} cfwf/df k|fKt x'g] g};lu{s xssf]ljifo ePsfn] JolQmsf] g};lu{s xsnfO{ k|fª\Gofosf]l;4fGtsf] xjfnf lbO{ lg:t]h ug{ x'Fb}g . kl/jf/sf];b:o ePsf] gftfn] JolQmn] sfg"gadf]lhd c+zkfPsf] jf kl/Tofu u/]sf] 68\sf/f] l:ylt a]u/ c+zsf]xs u'd]sf] cg'dflgt ts{ u/L c+zsf] xsnfO{ lg/y{sjf pkef]u cof]Uo x'g] u/L s'g} JofVof ug{ ;d]tldNg] b]lvÌ . cGoyf ;fdfGo sfo{ljlwut jf k|fljlwssf/0fn] JolQmn] g};lu{s xs pkef]u ug{af6 al~rtx'g'kg]{ cj:yf cfpg ;S5 . ctM cl3 jfbLn] bfo/u/]sf] c+z d'2fdf xfnnfO{ bfjL gk'Ug] u/L km};nfePsf] b]lvP tfklg ;f] lg0f{o clGtd k|s[ltsf] ge}tTsflns k|s[ltsf] ePsf]n] d'2fdf xf/hLtsf] km};nfgePsf]n] cfˆgf] g};lu{s xsnfO{ pkef]u ug{af6jfbLnfO{ /f]s nufpg gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn k'; & ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!!df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{,@)^# ;fnsf] CR–)#&(, 8fFsf, rf]/L, g]kfn ;/sf/lj= cfOt l;Fx nfdf ;d]t

rf ]/ L ul/;s ]kl5 km/f/ ePsfk|ltjfbLx¿nfO{ lghn] n'sfO/fv]sf] 7fpFaf6 bzLa/fdb ul/Psf] cj:yfdf pQm /sdafx]s cGo¿k}ofF Pj+ ;fdfg cfkm"x¿n] rf]/]sf] xf]Og egLa/fdb lauf];Dd cfˆgf] s;"/ :jLsf/ u/L k|ltjfbLlemNs] df]Qmfgn] cbfntdf aofg u/]sf] b]lvFbflghn] cfkm"nfO{ bf]ifL s/f/ u/L s;"/ :jLsf/ u/Lu/]sf] aofgnfO{ cGoyf dfÌ'kg]{ b]lvPg . To;sf;fy} pQm aofg cGoyf xf] egL jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/n]k'li6 ug{ ;s]sf] ;d]t kfOPg . o; cj:yfdfj:t'lgi7 cfwf/ k|df0fsf] cefjdf cleof]ukqdfplNnlvt lauf] g} jf/bft x'Fbf rf]/L ePsf] lauf] xf]egL dfÌ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM ladn kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn d+l;/ @& ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

!@df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL,@)^%–WO–)**!, pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z, Gx'R5] dxh{glj= sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf ;d]t

cfjZos k|lqmof k"/f u/L ljkIfL k|df]bb]j dfgGw/n] cfˆgf] lghL :jfldTjsf] ls=g+= ! sf])))#!=() ju{dL6/sf] hUufdf kvf{n nufpgsf]nflu sfg"gadf]lhd ;DalGwt lgsfodf gS;fkf;sf]nflu lgj]bg lbO{ ;flwsf/ lgsfoaf6 cfjZoshfFra'em u/L kvf{n nufpg] gS;f kf; ePsf]dflgj]bsn] ljkIfL k|df]b b]j dfgGw/sf] cfˆgf] lghLxs ef]usf] hUufdf kvf{n nufpg] sfo{ /f]lskfpFmegL cj/f]w k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] lbPsf] ph"/Llgj]bgsf] bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] u/L sf7df8f} +dxfgu/kflnsfaf6 ePsf] lg0f{odf sfg"gL q'l6gb]lvPsf] / ;f]af6 lgj]bssf] s'g} sfg"gL xsxgg\ ePsf] gb]lvFbf lgj]bg dfuadf]lhd cfb]zhf/L ug{ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/ sf]O/fnfsDKo'6/M ljb'ifL /fodfemLOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 !& ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

2121212121


!#df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL,@)^&–WO–)!&$, pTk|]if0fldl>t k/dfb]z, piffyfkf ;d]t lj= df= dGqL dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf;dfh sNof0f dGqfno ;d]t

ldlt @)^%.!!.@^ sf] /fhkqdf k|sflzt;"rgfåf/f lj36g u/L ;f]xL ldltb]lv nfu" x'g]u/L ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbg] u/L g]kfn ;/sf/,dlGqkl/ifb\af6 ePsf] ldlt @)^&.#.@% sf] lg0f{oPj+ dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0fdGqfnosf] ldlt @)^&.#.@& sf] kq ;d]t e"tnIfLc;/sf] -Retrospective Effective_ eO{ lgj]bsx¿n]lj3l6t dlxnf ;Lk ljsf; ;ldlt /To;cGtu{tsf] dlxnf ;Lk ljsf; s]Gb|df sfo{u/]afkt\ k|rlnt sfg"gcg';f/ k|fKt x'g] tna,eQfnufotsf ;Dk"0f { /sd k|fKt ug] { xsclwsf/af6 al~rt x'g] cj:yf b]lvPsf]n] ;f]xb;Dd pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ x'g] .

lgj]bsx¿ ldlt @)^%.!!.@^ b]lv@)^&.#.@& ;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] sfo{nodf¿h' xfhL/ /xg'sf] ;fy} o; cbfntsf] @)^&.%.!%sf] cGtl/d cfb]z ;d]taf6 cgj/t ¿kdf sfo{/t\/x]sf] b]lvFbf lgj]bsx¿n] k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdkfpg] tna, eQfnufotsf ;Dk"0f{ /sd pknAwu/fpg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf] gfpFdf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z;d]t hf/L x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/ sf]O/fnfsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 !& ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!$df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L e/t/fh pk|]tL,@)^%–WO–)&##, pTk| ]if0fldl>t k/dfb]z,pk]Gb|k|;fb ofbj lj= eujtL :6Ln O08li6«h k|f=ln=;d]t

lgj]bs pk]Gb|k|;fb ofbj ljkIfL eujtL:6Ln O08li6«h k|f=ln= sf] c:yfoL sd{rf/L ePsf]b]lvPsf] / >d cbfnt sf7df8f}+af6 ;a"b k|df0fa'emL lgj]bsnfO{ k"j{jt\ kbdf k'ga{xfnL x'g] u/L@)^%.(.@$ df km};nf eO{ Gofo lg/f]k0f ;d]te};s]sf] cj:yfdf c;fwf/0f clwsf/ If]qcGtu{t

kg{ cfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bgaf6 lgj]bssf] ;+j}wflgsPj+ sfg"gL xsdf cf3ft kg{ uPsf] gb]lvFbf lgj]bgdfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug{ ldNg] cj:yf b]lvgcfPg . k|:t't lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/ sf]O/fnfsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 !& ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!%df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/sfsL{, @)^^–WO–)@)&, pTk|]if0fldl>t k/dfb]z,dlxa'a wf]aL lj= ;Tos'df/L zfx -7s'/L_ ;d]t

sfg"gL k|lqmof k"/f u/L sfuh k|df0f;d]tsf] ;du| d"NofÍg u/L ;flwsf/ lgsfoaf6Gofo lg/f]k0f ePsf] ljifo b]lvPsf] / ;f]pk/lgj]bsn] NofPsf] b/kL7 ;DaGwdf klg xbDofb;d]tsf] cfwf/df tx–tx ljrf/ u/L bfjL gnfUg]7x¥ofO{ clGtd ePsf] ljifo b]lvPsf]n] o;cbfntsf] c;fwf/0f clwsf/If]qleq kg{ cfPsf]k|:t't lgj]bgaf6 dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/Lug{ ldNg] cj:yf b]lvg cfPg . k|:t't lgj]bgvf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/ sf]O/fnfsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 !* ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!^df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/sfsL{, @)^&–WH–))^%, aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f,/fdaxfb'/ h};jfn lj= dfnkf]t sfof{no, tf}lnxjfslknj:t' ;d]t

slknj:t' lhNnf cbfntaf6 lgj]bs/fdaxfb'/ h};jfnsf] gfpFdf ldlt @)$&.%.!$df hf/L ePsf] &) lbg] ;dfXjfg Dofb hf/L ug{lghsf] jtgdf vf]htnf; ubf{ lgj]bs km]nfgk/]sf]n] d'n'sL P]g, c=a+= !!) g+= adf]lhd lghsf]3/ b}nfdf Dofb 6fF; eO{ :yfgLo eb| enfb\dL;fIfL a:g'sf] cnfjf lgj]bs /fdaxfb'/ h};jfnsf]Psf;uf]nsf] efO{ ljhos'df/ h};jfn ;d]t/f]xj/df ;fIfL a;L ;xL5fk ;d]t u/L ;f]sf]Psk|lt ;dfXjfg Dofb uf=lj=;= df a'emfPsf]ldl;n ;+nUg tfd]nL k|ltaf6 b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf

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slknj:t' lhNnf cbfntaf6 tfd]n ePsf]@)$&.%.!$ sf] ;dfXjfg Dofb sfg"gadf]lhd/Lt k'u]s} b]lvFbf lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L ug{ ldNg] cj:yf ljBdfg b]lvg cfPg .k|:t't lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM xl/ sf]O/fnfsDKo'6/M ljb'ifL /fodfemLOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 !* ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!&df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=k|f=8f=>Le/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^%–WO–))$&, pTk|]if0f;d]t, d]3gfy Gof}kfg] ;d]t lj= k|wfgdGqL tyfdlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

;]tL dxfsfnL 6«s Joj;foL ;+3sf]ljwfgsf] bkmf # df plNnlvt k|fjwfgaf6 ;d]tk/f]If ¿kdf :jR5 / k|ltikwf{Tds cfwf/df ug]{;]jf, Jofkf/nfO{ Psflwsf/ ug]{ k|fjwfg ;d]l6Psf]b]lvPsf] / sfg"gljk/Lt ;+:yfsf] ljwfgdf s'g}s'/f Joj:yf ug{ gldNg] x'gfn] plNnlvt k|fjwfg;d]t x6fpg ljkIfL lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf]gfddf k/dfb]z ;d]t hf/L x'g] 7x5{ . ;fy}ljkIfL;Fusf] pk/f]Qm ;xdlt Pj+ lg0f{o Pj+lqmofsnfkaf6 l;l08s]6, sf6]{lnª h:tf u}/sfg"gLPj+ Psflwsf/ ¿kdf j:t' jf ;]jf Jofkf/ ug]{clwsf/ j}w gx'g] x'gfn] ;f] ;DaGwL ;a} lsl;dsflqmofsnfk /f]sL sfg"gsf] ;xL ¿kdf sfof{Gjogug'{ sfg"gsf] ;xL sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;a}pkfo cjnDag ug'{ egL ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/,dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no, u[x dGqfno ;d]tsf] gfpFdfk/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M ejfgL 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 !( ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!*df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7 / df=Gof=k|f=8f=>Le/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^# ;fnsf] WO–)^&&,pTk|]if0f ;d]t, Hof]lt aflgofF ;d]t lj= g]kfn oftfoftJoj;foL dxf;+3 gofF afg]Zj/ ;d]t

g]kfn oftfoft Joj;foL /fli6«o dxf;+3/ ;/sf/sf aLr ;DkÌ ldlt @)^#.!).* sf]

;xdlt sfof{Gjogsf nflu @)^%.(.@^ df ePsf];xdlt / @)^%.(.@^ sf] dGqL:t/Lo lg0f{o Pj+;f]sf cfwf/df hf/L ul/Psf kqfrf/ ;d]tsfsfg"gn] gtf]s]sf] cltl/Qm zt{x¿ l;h{gf u/Lsfg"gn] clwsf/ glbPsf] ;+:yfsf] l;kmfl/zcfjZos agfO{ ul/Psf lg0f{o ;d]t u}/sfg"gLb]lvPsf]n] ;f]xL lg0f{o kqfrf/nufotsf ;Dk"0f{sfo{x¿ pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/ x'g] .

sfg"gadf]lhd ;]jfx¿ ;'rf¿ ug' {,Psflwsf/ sfod x'g] l;l08s]6 sf6]{lnª / To:tfcGo s'g} ¿k jf lqmofsnfk ;~rfng gug'{,gu/fpg', ;~rfng ug{ glbg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf]gfddf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z ;d]t hf/L x'g] 7x5{ .;fy} of] cfb]zsf] sfof{Gjogsf l;nl;nfdf;]jfk|bfos ;+:yf jf JolQmx¿n] s'g} k|sf/sf]afwf tyf cj/f]w gug'{ eÌ] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M ejfgL 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 !( ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .§ o;} k|s[ltsf] @)^% ;fnsf] WO–)$@!,

pTk| ]if0f k/dfb]z ;d]t, zDe'k|;fbclwsf/L lj= k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf]sfof{no ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdf o;}cg';f/km};nf ePsf] 5 .

Ohnf; g+= ^

!df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>Lcjw]zs'df/ ofbj, )^#–WO–%&*, pTk|]if0fo'Qmk/dfb]z, :j/fh zfSo ;d]t lj= g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8k|wfg sfof{no ;d]t

Psflt/ ;fwf/0f sfg"gL pkrf/sf]j}slNks af6f] pknAw eP klg To;sf] k|of]ugu/L oL lgj]bsx¿ o; cbfntsf] c;fwf/0fclwsf/If]qcGtu{t k|j]z u/]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/af]g; P]g, @)#) nfu" x'g]df gx'g] egL a}+slgodfjnL dfqsf] cfkm"v'zL cy{ u/L k|:t't l/6lgj]bg bfo/ u/]sf] b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . o:tf]

2323232323


cj:yfdf lgj]bsx¿sf] dfu bfjL plrt gb]lvFbfk|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM>Lk|sfz pk|]tLsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !% ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L k|sfzj:tL, @)^& ;fnsf] l/6 lgj]bg g+= ))%^,aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, dL/fb]jL kf}8]n km'ofn lj=dxfgu/Lo k|x/L kl/;/, xg'dfg9f]sf ;d]t

kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf] l;nl;nfdf clwsf/k|fKtlgsfon] sfg"gadf]lhd kqmfp u/L d'2f cg';GwfgtxsLsft ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdflnPsf] cj:yfdf u}/sfg"gL kqmfp u/]sf] eÌ] lhsL/lnO{ aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm egLlnPsf] lhsL/nfO{ sfg"g;Ddt dfÌ ldn]g . lgj]bsy'gfdf a:g'kg]{ xf] jf xf]Og lgh s;"/bf/ x'g\ jflgbf]{if s] x'g\ eÌ] s'/f cbfntdf rln/x]sf] ;f]xLd'2fsf] /f]xaf6 g} ljrf/ x'g] ljifo xf] . dftxtcbfntaf6 ;fdfGo Goflos k|lqmofcGtu{t eO/x]sf]Goflos sf/jfxL k|efjxLg x'g] u/L o; cbfntn]l/6 If]qaf6 x:tIf]k ug{ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM r'/fdg v8\sfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t #) ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L k|sfzj:tL, )^$–CR–)$$!, ha/\h:tL s/0fL, g]kfn;/sf/ lj= /fh]Gb| l;Fx l;v

ha/\h:tL s/0fLsf] jf/bft :yflkt x'gof]gLsf] hfnL Rofltg} kg]{ k"j{zt{ /x]sf] x'Fb}g .o:tf] sGofhfnL RofltPsf] cj:yfn] ck/fw :yflktug{ yk k'li6 ug]{;Dd xf] . s/0fL ePsf] osLg;fyeÌ g;lsg] eÌ] zf/Ll/s k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgn] pNn]vu/]sf] b]lvP klg ;f] k/LIf0f 36gf 36]sf] !)lbgkl5 ePsf] b]lvPaf6 ;f] k|ltj]bgnfO{ dfqlg0f{ofwf/sf] ¿kdf u|x0f ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvgcfPg . hfx]/L, hfx]/jfnfsf] egfO{, kLl8tsf] egfO{,a'lemPsf dflg;x¿sf] egfO{ ;d]t cGo k|df0fx¿n]cfk/flws sfo{nfO{ :yflkt ul//x]sf] cj:yfdfdgfl;a ;doleq gePsf] k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgsf] /fo

cGo k|df0fx¿eGbf leÌ s/0fLsf] nIf0f gb]lvPsf]eÌ] k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg lg0ff{os k|df0fsf] ¿kdf/xg ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvg gcfpg] .

ha/\h:tL s/0fLsf] ck/fw / o;sf]pBf]usf aLrdf dg;fo / sfo{sf] b[li6sf]0faf6x]bf{ s'g} leÌtf /x]sf] x'Fb}g . s]jn ck/fwn] k"0f{tfkfpg dfq afFsL /x]sf] l:yltnfO{ pBf]usf] ¿kdflrlqt ul/Psf] 5 . dg;fok"j{s ul/Psf] ck/fwdfdg;fo, tof/L, pBf]u / k"0f{ ck/fwsf rf/r/0fx¿dWo] dg;fo / tof/L;Ddsf] r/0fdfTo:tf] ck/fw ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] cfk/flws sfo{36fpgsf] nflu s'g} sfo{ u/]sf] x'Fb}g . t;y{, of]r/0f;Dd ck/fwsf] pBf]usf] k|Zg p7\b}g . t/To:tf] ck/fw ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] tof/Lsf] r/0fnfO{kf/ u/L cfk/flws sfo{ u/sf] b]lvPdf Tof] sfo{pBf]u;Dd dfq ;Lldt /x]sf] dfÌ ldNb}g . s]jnk"0f{ ck/fwsf] nflu kl/eflift cfk/flws sfo{ :yflktx'g g;s]df To:tf] sfo{nfO{ dfq ;f] ck/fwsf]pBf]usf] ¿kdf u|x0f ug'{kg]{ .

cfk/flws sfo{ eO;s]sf] t/ k"0f{tfgkfPsf] cj:yf ePdf dfq Tof] pBf]u x'g] xf] . olbTo:tf] sfo{n] k"0f{tf kfPsf] cj:yf ePdf ;f] sfo{n]k"0f{ ck/fw g} :yflkt x'g hfg] x'G5, o:tf] cj:yfnfO{pBf]u dfq dfÌ gldNg] .

PsfGt 3/ sf]7fdf nuL s/0fL u/]sf] tYo:yflkt eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;f] sfo{nfO{ pBf]udfq ePsf] egL dfÌ ldNg] cj:yf b]lvg cfPg .kLl8tsf] of]gLaf6 /ut aUg', lghsf] sk8fdf nfUg'tyf o; s'/fsf] k'li6 ;f] cj:yfsf k|ToIfbzL{af6x'g'af6 ck/fwn] k"0f{tf kfPsf] :jLsf/ ug'{kg]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM>Lk|sfz pk|]tLsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 !* ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^# ;fnsf] WO–)#)!, pTk|]if0f, k/dfb]z,Zofdafa' l;Fx lj= clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfgcfof]u ;d]t

;fj{hlgs kbwf/0f u/]sf ] JolQmn]cg'lrt sfo{ u/]df lghnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo

2424242424


ug{ lghn] u/]sf] s;"/sf] dfqfcg';f/ sf/0f /cfwf/ v'nfO{ clVtof/nfO{ n]vL k7fpg] clwsf/cfof]unfO{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . To;/L n]vL cfPdfclVtof/jfnfn] klg dgfl;a sf/0f k/]df afx]s# dlxgfleq} ljefuLo sf/jfxL ul/;Sg'kg]{,gu/]df clVtof/jfnfn] g} cg'lrt sfo{ u/]sf]dfgL lghpk/ cfof]un] sf/jfxL ug{;Sg] eÌ]b]lvG5 . o;af6 s;"/sf] dfqfcg';f/ sf/0f /cfwf/ v'nfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ug{ cfof]un]clVtof/jfnfnfO{ n]vL k7fpg ;Sg];Ddsf]clwsf/ pQm bkmfn ] clVtof/ b '¿kof ]ucg';Gwfg cfof]unfO{ k|bfg u/]sf]df of] olt;hfo ug'{ egL ;hfo ;d]t ls6fg u/L ;f]sf]sfof{Gjog u/fpg kfpg] clwsf/ cfof]unfO{/x]sf] b]lvPg . clVtof/jfnfsf] clwsf/sf];+s'rg jf ;f] clwsf/ lgik|efjL x'g] u/LclVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] lg0f{oug{ kfpg] eÌ] pQm P]gsf] dg;fo gePsf] x'Fbf;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/sf] JolQmn] u/]sf]s;"/sf] dfqfcg';f/ sf/0f / cfwf/ v'nfO{ljefuLo sf/jfxLsf] nflu clVtof/jfnf;dIfn]vL k7fpg] ;Ddsf] clwsf/ ljkIfL cfof]usf]/x]sf] b]lvPsf]df clwsf/If]qeGbf aflx/ uO{ljkIfL cfof]un] l/6 lgj]bssf] % tna j[l4/f]Ssf ug'{ egL ;hfo;d]t ls6fg u/L lhNnflzIff sfof{nodf kqfrf/ u/]sf] b]lvFbf To:tf]If]qflwsf/ljxLg lg0f{on] sfg"gL dfGotf k|fKtug{ g;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM kml0fGb| k/fh'nLsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g # ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

%df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L j}BgfypkfWofo, @)^^ ;fnsf] l/6 lgj]bg g+= )@&*,pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z, an/fd yfkf du/ lj=e"ld;'wf/ sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ ;d]t

df]xL nut s§f lgj]bg vf/]h u/]pk/sfg"gn] tf]s]adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg hfg ;Sg] / To;f]ePdf clGtd lg0f{o eP jf To:tf] sfg"gL r'gf}tLug]{ cj:yf jf ;do JotLt ePkl5 ljkIfL

sfof{nodf d'NtjL /x]sf] oL lgj]bssf] lgj]bgbfjLpk/ sfg"gadf]lhd lg0f{o ug]{ sfd ug'{kg]{ .

ljjfb l;h{gf ePsf] cj:yfdf kl5sf/jfxL ug]{ u/L d'NtjL /fv]sf] sf/0faf6 lgj]bssf]; + ljwfgk |bQ jf sfg "gk |bQ ;fDklQsclwsf/;DaGwL df}lns jf sfg"gL xs xgg\ ePsf]eÌ] cj:yf b]lvg gcfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM r'/fdg v8\sfsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}zfv @! ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

^df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L j}BgfypkfWofo, @)^^ ;fnsf] l/6 lgj]bg g+= )#)@,pTk|]if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z, v8\uk|;fb rf}nfufO{ lj=lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no dsjfgk'/ x]6f}+8f ;d]t

k|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gn] k|x/L clwsf/Ljf sfof{nonfO{ j}jflxs ;DaGw sfod ul/lbg]jf gftf sfod ug]{ u/fpg] jf gftf ;DaGwsfod x'g] k|df0f k'Ug] lsl;dsf] s'g} lnvt jfsfuh ug]{ u/fpg] jf To:tf] k|s[ltsf] sfo{ ug{u/fpg kfpg] clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] kfOFb}g .k|To]s ;/sf/L lgsfo / clwsf/L sfg"gk|bQclwsf/sf] k|of]u sfg"gn] tf]lsPadf]lhd g}ug'{k5{ . of] sfg"gsf] zf;gsf] d"n dd{ xf] .o;af6 s'g} klg JolQm jf kbflwsf/LnfO{u}/sfg"gL sfd ug{af6 /f]s nufOPsf] 5 .cfkm"nfO{ sfg"gk|bQ clVtof/L a]u/ s'g} JolQmsf]hLjg / gftf;DaGwdf k|ToIf jf k/f]If c;/kg]{ u/L lghsf] ;xdlt jf d~h"/L cdfGo x'ghfg] .

lgj]bs / zdL{nfaLr klxnfb]lv g}nf]Ug]:jf:gLsf] j}jflxs jf gftf;DaGw 5 eg]To;sf] ;+/If0f / k|rngsf nflu sfg"gL pkfosf]cjnDag ug{ b'a} kIfnfO{ sfg"gn] clwsf/ k|bfgu/]sf] 5 . t/ k|x/L sfof{nodf uP/ ljjflbtgftf;DqGwnfO{ k|df0f k'Ug] s'g} k|sf/sf] lnvt jfsfuh v8f ug{ u/fpg gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM r'/fdg v8\sfsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}zfv @! ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

2525252525


&df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>L ts{/fhe§, )^%–CI–)@)&, )^%–CI–)%!*, lg0f{o btf{ab/, u'7L ;+:yfg zfvf sfof{no tMaxfn nlntk'/lj= xl/slk skfnL, /fd dxh{g lj= xl/skL skfnL

k|ToyL{n] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gdf btf{u/fPsf] k'g/fj]bg kqdf Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$*sf] bkmf * jf u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf#(-@_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bsLo clwsf/If]q k|of]uu/L k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] b]lvFb}g .o;/L clwsf/If ]q gePsf] ljifodf k/]sf ]k'g/fj]bgsf] tYoleq k|j]z u/L lg0f{o ug{ gldnLvf/]h ug'{kg]{df ;f] gu/L k'g/fj]bg cbfntn]u/]sf] km};nfdf clwsf/If]qfTds q'l6 ljBdfg/xL ;f] km};nf ldn]sf] gb]lvFbf xl/skL skfnLsf]k'g/fj]bg lnO{ u'7L ;+:yfg zfvf sfof{nonlntk'/sf] ldlt @)^#.@.!* sf] lg0f{o ab/ ug]{u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] ldlt @)^%.!.*sf] km};nf gldn]sf]n] ab/ eO{ k|ToyL{ xl/skLskfnLn] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gdf u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM>Lk|sfz pk|]tLsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 !& ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

*df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>Le/taxfb'/ sfsL{, )^%–CR–)##^, sLt]{, uf]kLnfnbf; tTdf lj= /fdnvg bf; tTdf ;d]t

tTsfn k|rlnt sLt]{ sfuhsf] !* g+= n]sfo{ eP u/]sf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{leq gfln; lbg'kg]{xbDofbsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cbfntJoj:yfkg tyf Gofo k|zf;g;DaGwL s]xL g]kfnP]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)%* åf/f sLt]{ sfuhsf]!* g+= df ldlt @)%(.%.@& df ePsf] ;+zf]wgcl3;Dd ;f]xL b'O{jif]{ xbDofbsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfu" /x]sf] kfOG5 . o;/L jfbL bfjLcg';f/ jf/bftldlt @)%^.@.@$ df ePsf] xf] eg] ;f]xL ldltn] ;f]cj:yfdf ldlt @)%(.%.@& eGbf cl3;Dd k|rlntsLt]{ sfuhsf] !* g+= cg';f/ b'O{jif{sf] xbDofbu'hf/L ldlt @)%*.(.!^ df k|:t't lkm/fb bfo/

u/]sf] xbDofbleq bfo/ gePsf] lkm/fbaf6 tYoleqk|j]z u/L 7x/ OG;fkm ug{ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM>Lk|sfz pk|]tLsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !& ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .§ o;} nufpsf] )^%–CI–)#!@, lgj]bg sfuh

tyf ;gfvt sfuh ab/, uf]kLnfn bf; tTdflj=/fdnvg bf; tTdf ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdfklg o;}cg';f/ km};nf ePsf] 5 .

(df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>Le/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^#–WO–)*^&, pTk|]if0f,ceoljqmd ;fx lj= k|x/L gfoj dxflg/LIfs,dWoklZrd If]qLo k|x/L sfof{no, ;'v]{t ;d]t

labfsf] dfu ug'{nfO{ g} labf :jLs[t ePsf]eÌ] cy{ u/L oL lgj]bs nfdf] ;do;Dd sfof{nodfguO{ a;]af6 lgh cfkm"nfO{ tf]lsPsf] b/aGbLdfu}/xflh/ /xL k|x/L lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod** sf] v08 -em_ sf] cj:yfsf] l;h{gf ePsf]b]lvg] .

cfkm" jiff}{;Dd u}/xflh/ eP/ a:g] / kl5cfkm"nfO{ ;dodf hfgsf/L lbOPg jf /Ltk"j{ssf]Dofb tfldn ul/Pg egL eÌ klg o:tf k|x/Lsd{rf/Lsf] nflu ;'xfpFbf] / pko'Qm gx'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM>Lk|sfz pk|]tLsDKo'6/M dlGb/f /fgfef6Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !^ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

!)df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;, )^%–CI–)!&$, ck'tfnL xssfod btf{ lvrf]nf rng, af;'b]j 7fs'/ nf]xf/lj= sf]zLnfb]jL 7fs'/

jfbLsf klt / k|ltjfbL bfh'efO eO{lghx¿sf] cfdfsf] gfddf /x]sf] hUuf cfdfsf]z]ifkl5 lghx¿n] g} kfpg]df ljjfb b]lvFb}g . jfbLsfkltsf] d[To' ePsf] cj:yfdf oL jfbLn] cfˆgf] nf]Ug]sf]efu lx:;fsf] hUuf kfpg] g} ePsf] / o;tkm{k|ltjfbLsf] ;d]t cGoyf eÌ g;s]sf] cj:yfdfjfbL bfjLsf] hUufdf xs sfod eO{ btf{ x'g] / ;f]hUufdf k|ltjfbLn] lvrf]nf u/]sf] ;d]t b]lvFbf ljjflbt

2626262626


hUufdf jfbLsf] ck'tfnL xs x'g] / ;f] hUufdfk|ltjfbLn] lvrf]nf u/]sf] 7xg]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM>Lk|sfz pk|]tLOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 !( ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!!df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L / df=Gof=>Lsdngf/fo0f bf;, )^%–CI–)@)%, lg0f{o ab/,btf{ ab/ btf{ sfod, nf]saxfb'/ bfxfn ;d]t lj=b'uf{axfb'/ bfxfn

hUufsf] ljifodf cbfntdf ljjfb k/L ;f];DaGwdf cbfntaf6 km};nf eO{ rngtkm{ lgj]bg;d]t k/L sf/jfxLo'Qm cj:yfdf k'gM km};nf ab/d'2f k/]sf] sf/0f rngsf] sf/jfxL /f]lsPsf];Ddb]lvG5 . t/ ;f] km};nf ab/ d'2f cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg/x]sf] cj:yfdf & g+= gfkL uf]Zjf/f ;+v'jf;efn]k|ltjfbLx¿sf] gfddf c:yfoL btf{ u/]sf] sfo{nfO{sfg"g;Ddt ePsf] sfo{ egL dfÌ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM>Lk|sfz pk|]tLsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn df3 !( ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= &

!df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>Lcjw]zs'df/ ofbj, @)^^–CI–!)($, lgif]wf1f,dhflx/ /fpt ubL lj= hlnn /fpt ubL

lgj]bssf] df]lxofgL xs 5 jf 5}g < lghdf]xL sfod x'g ;S5g\ ;Sb}gg\ eÌ] ;DaGwdfk|:t't lgif]wf1fsf] lgj]bgsf] /f]xaf6 ljrf/ eO{lg0f{o x'g] lyPg . hxfF;Dd lgj]bsn] o; l;hgdf/f]kfO{ x'g] lapm v;fnL vghf]t ul//x]sf]dfhUufwgLn] hUuf sAhf ug]{ cfz+sf ePsf]n]lgif]wf1fsf] cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm eÌ] bfjL lnPsf];DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t't lgj]bg ldlt @)^^.@.@&df k/]sf] b]lvPsf]n] lgj]bssf] bfjL ;f]xL l;hgsfnflu k/]sf] b]lvG5 . xfn pQm l;hg ;dfKteO;s]sf] cj:yf x'gfn] lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}zfv * ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>Lcjw]zs'df/ ofbj, @)^^–CI–)@@^, k/dfb]z,u'nfarGb| ;fxgL lj= eujfgk|;fb rf}w/L ;d]t

lgj]bsn] tf]lsPsf] kfl/>lds :jLsf/ u/Lb'O{ jif{eGbf a9L cjlw ufpF ljsf; ;ldltdf sfdul/;s]sf] b]lvG5 . lgh sfo{/t\ /xFbf ;f] ljifodflghsf] s'g} ph"/L k/]sf] kfOb}g . lgj]bsnfO{@)%*.!!.!@ df cjsfz lbO;s]kl5 ldlt@)^%.!.* df dfq k/dfb]zsf] lgj]bg lnO{ lgj]bscbfntdf k|j]z u/]sf] b]lvof] . o;af6 k|:t'tlgj]bg cg'lrt ljnDa u/L bfo/ x'g cfPsf] b]lvFbfvf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM sdnk|;fb kf]v/]nsDKo'6/M rGb|f ltdN;]gfOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}zfv * ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .§ o; } nufpsf ] @)^^–CI–)@@&

lgif]wf1fldl>t k/dfb]z, u'nfarGb| ;fxgLlj= eujfgk|;fb rf}w/L ;d]t ePsf]d'2fdf o;}cg';f/ k}]m;nf ePsf] 5 .

#df=Gof=>L s[i0fk|;fb pkfWofo / df=Gof=>L ;'zLnfsfsL{, @)^@ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= #&!&, sLt]{ 7uL,g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= k|bLks'df/ ofbj ;d]t

vftf vf]Nbf 6fFl;Psf] kmf]6f]jfnf JolQmnfO{/fdrGb| /fpts} gfdn] lrGb5' egL jofgu/]cg';f/ slyt /fdrGb| /fptnfO{ k|aGws;dIfu/]sf] k|ltj4tfcg'¿k k|df0fsf] ¿kdf cbfnt;dIfpkl:yt u/fO{ ;kmfO{ lng ;s]sf] gkfOg'sf] cltl/Qmd'Vo cleo'Qm /fdljgo ofbjn] s;"/ :jLsf/u/]sf] tYoaf6 klg lghsf] ;f] egfO{ vl08t ePsf]/ hfx]/jfnfn] ls6fgL kf]n u/]sf] ;d]tsf cfwf/k|df0faf6 /fdljgo ofbjnfO{ 7uL ug]{ sfo{df;xof]u u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePsf]n] lgh lbg]zs'df/nfenfO{ s;"/af6 pGd'lQm lbg gldNg] .

d'Vo sf/0fL k|ltjfbL /fdljgo ofbjnfO{d'n'sL P]g, 7uLsf] dxnsf] $ g+= adf]lhd s}b jif{! u/]sf] ;hfo ldn]s} b]lvof] . t/ lauf] /h/Ljfgftkm{ lghn] a}+saf6 7uL u/]sf] hDdf lauf]¿= !,(),!)).– dWo] k|ltjfbLx¿ b]j]Gb| ofbj /

2727272727


k|bLks'df/ ofbjn] lnO{ kfPsf] /sd ¿= ̂ ),))).–s6fO{ afFsL /xg cfPsf] /sd ¿= !,#),!)).–lgh lhDdf /xg uPsf]n] lghaf6 lauf] ¿=!,#),!)).– e/fO{ lauf]adf]lhd ¿= !,#),!)).–h/Ljfgf x'G5 . t;y{ z'¿ wg'iff lhNnf cbfntsf]ldlt @)%(.!!.@* / k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, hgsk'/sf]ldlt @)^@.(.@) sf] km};nf s]xL pN6L x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM ef]nfgfy 9sfnsDKo'6/M wgaxfb'/ u'¿ËOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn c;f]h % ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= (

!df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf / df=Gof=>L1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^# ;fnsf] lj=g+= )))&,cbfntsf] ckx]ngf, /fw]Zofd k/fh'nL lj= afns[i0fa:g]t ;d]t

ldlt @)^#.%.$ tyf @)^#.%.% df k|sflzt;dfrf/sf] ;Dk|]if0f cbfntsf] ckx]ngf ug]{dg;fon] ge} :j:y k|fl1s 5nkmnsf nfluk|sflzt ePsf] xf] egL pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvG5 .@)^@ ;fnsf] ljljw kmf}=g+= !!^ sf] lgj]bgdf o;cbfntaf6 cbfntsf] Goflos sf/jfxLdf bvngk 'u ]sf ] xb;Dd cbfntsf GofofwLz /GofofwLzaf6 ePsf cfb]z km};nfsf] k""jf{u|x/lxteO{ :jR5 ¿kdf 6Lsfl6Kk0fL / cfnf]rgf ug{kfpg] egL cbfntsf] ckx]ngf g7xg]{ u/Llg0f{o;d]t ePsf] b]lvG5 . k|:t't ljifodfljkIfLx¿sf] plNnlvt sfo{af6 o; cbfntsf]ckx]ngf eof] egL dfÌ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g ! ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf / df=Gof=>L1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^$ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= ))$!,@)^% ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )%(!, st{Jo Hofg,8Da/axfb'/ lyË tfdfª lj= g]kfn ;/sf/, g]kfn;/sf/ lj= ;fgf] l8naxfb'/ lyË tfdfª ;d]t

d[ts / k|= 8Da/axfb'/aLr ;fdfGoegfegsf ] ljifonfO { lnP/ oL k| ltjfbLn]d[tsnfO{ dg{;S5 eÌ] hfgLhfgL z/L/sf ljleÌefu k]6 ;d]tdf s'6kL6 u/L ;f]xL rf]6sf sf/0fd[To' ePsf] s'/f dfly ljj]lrt cfwf/ / sf/0faf6k'li6 x'g cfPsf]n] Hofgh:tf] ;+uLg ck/fwu/]sf] j:t'lgi7 k|df0faf6 k'li6 ePsf] cj:yfdfcfslif{t g} gx'g] eljtJosf] s;"/ 7x/ u/L;hfo ug{ kmf}hbf/L Gofosf] l;4fGt ;d]tn]gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nLsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t !^ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf / df=Gof=>L1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^& ;fnsf] CR–)!@%,e|i6frf/, e/t uf}td lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

cfkm "n ] k ]z u/ ]sf ] e f/tLoljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts tx pQL0f{ u/]sf] k|df0fkqkmhL{ xf] egL n]vL cfPsf]df pQm k|df0fkq em"ÝfgeO{ ;SsnL ePsf] ljZj;gLo 7f]; k|df0f u'hfg{g;s]sf] cj:yfdf k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLn] k]z u/]sf]k|df0fkq gSsnL g} xf] egL dfÌ'kg]{ b]lvof] . o;cj:yfdf gSsnL k|df0fkq NofO{ k]z ug]{ k|ltjfbLe/t uf}tdn] e|i6frf/ lgjf/0f P]gsf] bkmf !@sf] s;"/ u/]sf] 7x/ u/L ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf !@ /@(-@_ adf]lhd %)).– -kfFr;o ¿k}ofF_ h/Ljfgfx'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM ladn kf}8]nsDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !% ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf / df=Gof=>L1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^# ;fnsf] CR–)#!^, 3/dfcfuf] nufO{ lbO{ 8fFsf u/]sf], g]kfn ;/sf/ lj=nfnklt a'9fyf]sL ;d]t

d'NtjL /fVg} gldNg] k|s[ltsf] d'2fsf km/f/k|ltjfbLx¿sf xsdf d'NtjL /fVg] u/L ePsf]km};nfdf c=a+= !() g+= sf] q'l6 ePsf]n] z'¿ /f]NkflhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf ab/ u/L lbO{ k'gM km};nf

2828282828


ug'{ egL z'¿ /f]Nkf lhNnf cbfntdf lkmtf{ k7fO{lbg] u/L ePsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, t'N;Lk'/sf] ldlt@)^#.@.@# sf] km};nfdf Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$*sf] bkmf !$-v_ tyf d'n'sL P]g, cbfntLaGbf]j:tsf] dxnsf] !(@ g+= adf]lhdsf] q'l6b]lvPsf]n] ;f] km};nf ab/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM ladn kf}8]nsDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !% ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

%df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf / df=Gof=>L1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^# ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )#^$,jg cltqmd0f, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= zDe' lu/L ;d]t

JolQmsf] ;+Vofcg';f/ 3/ 5fk|fx¿ aÌ]agfpg] 5fk|fx¿ ;f]eGbf 36L a9L gaÌ] gagfpg]egL cg'dfg ug'{ ljj]s;Ddt\ gx'g ;Sb5 . s;"/7x/ ePsf b"O{hgfn] dfq cf/f]lkt ;Dk"0f{ jf/bftjf s;"/ ug{ g;Sg] ts{ ug]{ xf] eg] klg ;f]jf/bftdf cGo JolQmx¿ ;+nUg ePsf] 7f];cfwf/af6 k'li6 u/fpg ;Sg' kg]{ x'G5 . To;cj:yfdf dfq cGo JolQmx¿ s;"/bf/ x'g\ egLdfÌ ;lsG5 cGoyf h+un kmF8fgL ePsf] dfqfnfO{x]/L To:tf] sfo{ yf]/} hgfn] dfq ug{ ;Sb}gg\ egLcg'dfg u/L cGo JolQmx¿nfO{ :jtGq Pj+ j:t'lgi77f]; k|df0fsf] cefjdf s;"/bf/ sfod ug'{Gofof]lrt gx'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM ladn kf}8]nsDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !% ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

^df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf / df=Gof=>L1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^# ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= #&^,hfn;fhL, ydgl;Fx u'¿Ë lj= ab|Lk|;fb >]i7

@)%%.!).@( sf] lnvtpk/ k|:t't d'2fsf]lkm/fb bfo/ ePsf]df h'g lnvtsf] h/Lofaf6cyjf h'g–h'g k|ltjfbLx¿sf] sfo{af6 jfbLx¿sf]xsdf c;/ k/]sf] xf] ;f]xL kIfx¿nfO{ k|ToyL{;d]t agfO{ k'g/fj]bg kq bfo/ ug'{kg]{df ;f] gu/Lbfo/ ePsf] k'g/fj]bg kqsf] s'g} cf}lrTo g/xg]x'Fbf k|:t't k'g/fj]bg kqaf6 k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf]

km};nfdf ePsf] c;xdlt ljifon] lg¿k0f x'gg;Sg] eO{ k|:t't k'g/fj]bgkq g} vf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb uf}tdsDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g ! ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

&df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf / df=Gof=>L1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^^–CR–)$$!, st{Jo Hofg,afa'sfhL t'nfw/ lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

d[tsnfO{ s'6kL6 u/L a]xf]; kf/L laif;d]t v'jfPsf]df oL k|ltjfbL ;fljt ePsf] /lghsf] ;f] egfO{nfO{ d[tssf] lbbL / 5f]/L;d]tn]df}sfdf / cbfntdf u/]sf] askqn] ;dy{gu/sf] b]lvPsf], d[tsn] oL k|ltjfbLsf lj¿4s'6kL6 u/L oftgf lbPpk/ k|x/Ldf ph"/ u/]sf]/flt lghsf ] d[To ' ePsf ] ;d]tsf cfwf/k|df0faf6 oL k|ltjfbLn] d[tsnfO{ df/]sf] k'li6x'g cfof] . To:t} oL k'g/fj]bsn] cfkm" lgbf]{if/x]sf] 5' eÌ] tYo e/kbf]{ k|df0fx¿af6 k'li6x'g ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . o;sf] cltl/Qm d[To'sf]va/ k|x/L tyf 5/l5d]sLnfO{ gu/fO{ u'kr'ku/L cfˆg} kl/jf/ / gftfsf dflg; ldnL nf;sf]bfx ;+:sf/ u/]sf] / bfx ;+:sf/ ug'{ k"j{ ;DalGwtlgsfodf hfx]/ gu/L, hfFr u/fO{ hnfpg] sfo{u/L d'n'sL P]g, Hofg;DaGwL dxn $ g+=adf]lhdsf] s;"/ ck/fw u/]sf] ;d]t pk/f]QmtYoaf6 k'li6 x'g cfPsf] b]lvFbf k|ltjfbLafa'sfhL t'nfw/nfO{ cleof]u bfjLadf]lhd s;"/ck/fw u/]sf] 7x/ u/L d'n'sL P]g, Hofg;DaGwLdxnsf] !#-#_ g+= adf]lhd ;j{Zj;lxt hGds}bu/L P]= dxnsf] $ g+= adf]lhd yk ^ dlxgf s}b;d]t x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM gf/fo0fk|;fb k/fh'nLsDKo'6/M k|]daxfb'/ yfkfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t !^ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

*df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf / df=Gof=>L1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^@ ;fnsf] ;=kmf}=k'=g+=#$*#, st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= wL/hk|tfkl;Fx ;d]t

2929292929


k|ltjfbLx¿n] d[ts z'saxfb'/ nfdfnfO{7uL d'2fsf] cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf lx/f;tdf /fvLcdfgjLo ¿kaf6 s'6kL6 u/L xTof u/]sf] xf] eÌ]z+sf/lxt tj/n] k'li6 x'g g;s]sf] l:yltdfk|ltjfbLx¿n] cf/f]lkt s;"/af6 ;kmfO kfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM nLnf/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M dlGhtf 9'+ufgfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t !$ ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

Ohnf; g+= !)

!df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>L k|sfzj:tL, @)^^–CR–)##&, hLpm df:g] a]Rg], r"8fdl0fbfxfn ;d]t lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

k|ltjfbL r"8fdl0f bfxfnn] cfkm" ;+/Ifse} kLl8tnfO{ ;Fu} nu]kl5 / lgh a]kQf ePsf] eÌ];d]t k'li6 x'g cfPsf] b]lvPkl5 ;f]sf] hjfkmb]xLlgh k|ltjfbL g} x'g'kb{5 . ;Fu} hLpg] / dg]{ afrfaGwg u/L klg kTgLsf] kljq gftf;DaGw :yflktul/;s]kl5 cfˆgf] kTgLnfO{ a]Rg] cfk/flws dg;fo/fvL ljleÌ cfk/flws dg;fo /fvL ljleÌcfk/flws ;~hfndf cfj4 JolQm;Fu ;Dks{:yflkt u/L To:tf JolQmsf] ;fydf >LdtL lhDdfnufO{ k|ltjfbL g]kfn kmsL{ cfPsf] 5 . k|ltjfbLx¿ef/taf6 g]kfn kms{g] qmddf k|ltjfbLx¿ dWo]dgaxfb'/sf] ;fyaf6 kLl8tn] k|of]u u/]sf] rKkn,Aofu ;d]t km]nf k/]sf] 5 . ;f] s'/fsf] k'li6 a/fdbLd'r'Nsf / :jo+ k|ltjfbL¿sf] aofg ;d]taf6b]lvPsf] 5 . s] slt sf/0faf6 kDkmfdfofsf] rKkn/ Aofu lgh dgaxfb'/n] cfˆgf] ;fydf lxF8\g'k/]sf] xf] ;f]sf] tYok/s hjfkm lbg c;dy{ /x]sf]x'Fbf lgh ;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf pQm jf/bft x'guPsf] k'li6 x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM bLks 9sfnsDKo'6/M ;'Gb/axfb'/ sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}zfv & ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>L k|sfzj:tL, @)^$–CR–)^($, @)^$–CR–)%%!, @)^%–

CR–&)&, @)^$–RC–)^@ st{Jo Hofg, g]kfn;/sf/ lj= ;Togf/fo0f kf;L, gf/fo0f t]nL lj=g]kfn ;/sf/, /fdlanf; nf]xf/ lj= g]kfn ;/sf/,g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= sl/Ssf eÌ] k|e' t]nL ;d]t

jf/bft 3l6;s]kl5 jf/bft:yndfpkl:yt eO{ dl/;s]sf] nf;nfO{ nfQL ;d]t xfg]sf]eÌ] tYo k| ltjfbL :jo+n ] :jLsf/ u/ ]sf ]lqmof;DdnfO{ dfg{ ;+of]u kl/lbPsf] egL cg'dfgsf]cfwf/df 7x/ ug{ ldNg] ljifo xf]Og . o:tf]cj:yfdf Hofg;DaGwLsf] !&-#_ cfslif{t x'g] x'FbfHofg;DaGwLsf] !#-$_ g+= adf]lhd ;hfo x'g'kg]{eÌ] ;f] xb;Ddsf] jfbL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k'g/fj]bglhsL/ dgfl;a gb]lvg] .

slknj:t' lhNnf cbfntsf ] ldlt@)^#.@.& sf] km};nf s]xL pN6L u/L k|ltjfbL sl/SsfeÌ] /fdljnf; nf]xf/, uf]+u] wf]jL eÌ] hutgf/fo0fwf]jL / gf/fo0f t]nLnfO{ Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf]!#-!_ g+= adf]lhd ;j{:j;lxt hGds}b / k|ltjfbLk|e' t]nLnfO{ ;f]xL dxnsf] !#-$_ g+= adf]lhdhGds}bsf] ;hfo tyf csf{ k|ltjfbL e'Nn' kf;LeÌ] ;Togf/fo0f kf;LnfO{ Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf]!&-#_ g+= adf]lhd ! jif{ s}b ;hfo x'g] 7x/ u/Lk'g/fj]bg gug]{ k|ltjfbLx¿dWo] k|e' t]nL / uf]+u]eÌ] hutgf/fo0f wf]jLsf] xsdf ;fws hfx]/ u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt a'6jnsf] ldlt @)^$.%.@^.$sf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM bLks 9sfnOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}zfv & ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbj / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^% ;fnsf] l/6 g+= WO–)%%^, pTk|]if0f,;Gtaxfb'/ 5GTofn lj= u[x dGqfno ;d]t

k|x/L -t]x|f} ;+zf]wg_ lgodfjnL, @)^$sf] lgod (*-%_ sf] :ki6Ls/0fdf, æo; lgodsf]k|of]hgsf] lgldQ k|x/L sd{rf/Lsf] pd]/sf] lx;faubf{ lghn] k]z u/]sf] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq, z}lIfsof ] Uotfsf ] k |df0fkq / j }olQms ljj/0f-l;6/f]n_ df hGdldlt, jif{ dlxgf / ut] ;d]tv'n]sf] / ;a}df Pp6} ldlt g/x]sf] ePdf h'gldltaf6 klxn] cjsfz x'G5 ;f]xL ldltsf] cfwf/dfÆ

3030303030


eÌ] pNn]v ePsf] ;Gbe{df k|:t't ljjfbdf lgj]bscfkm} +n] cfˆgf] gful/stf k|df0fkqdf ePsf]hGdldlt g} l;6/f]ndf pNn]v u/]sf] x'Fbf cGoyfug{ sfg"g / Gofosf] l;4fGt ldNg] b]lvFb}g . csf]{tkm{lgj]bs h:tf gful/sx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ ;lhnf] x'g]u/L cfˆgf] hGdldlt sfod ug]{ p2]Zon] l/6 lgj]bglbg] / cbfntn] klg c;fwf/0f clwsf/ If]qcGtu{t;xof]u ug{ ldNg] x'Fb}g . t;y{ dxfgu/Lo k|x/Lkx/fu0f d 'Vofnon ] lgj ]bsnfO { cfˆgf ]clen]vcg';f/ ldlt @)^%.(.% b]lv cjsfz lbg]u/L ePsf] lg0f{o / kqfrf/ ljBdfg sfg"gcg'¿kg} ePsf] b]lvg] .Ohnf; clws[tM ef]nfgfy 9sfnsDKo'6/M cld//Tg dxh{gOlt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 ( ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

$df=Gof=>L lu/Lz rGb| nfn / df=Gof=>L ;'zLnfsfsL{, @)^& ;fnsf] l/6 g+= )@^@, pTk|]if0f ldl>tk/dfb]z, ejgfy emf lj= lhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{nok;f{ jL/u~h ;d]t

lgj]bssf] ;¿jf Pp6} lhNnfcGtu{tePsf], lgj]bsn] lgj]bgdf pNn]v u/]sf] /f]u-Hypertensia_ pkrf/af6 lgoGq0fdf /xg ;Sg]vfnsf] /f]u ePsf] / To;sf] pkrf/ ;d'lrtcf}iflwsf] k|of]un] lgj]bs ;¿jf ePsf] :yfgdfklg gx'g ;Sg] eÌ] gb]lvPsf] Pj+ lgj]bssf];¿jf ;f lwsf/ lgsfoaf6 g } ePsf ] /lgj]bssf] ;¿jf x'g} g;Sg] cGo s'g} cfwf/;d]t gb]lvPsf] x' Fbf lgj]bg bfjLadf]lhdsf]l/6 hf/L x'g g;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM k/z'/fd e§/fO{sDKo'6/M ;'Gb/axfb'/ sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t ^ ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .

%df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL,)^%–CR–)@$!, e|i6frf/, x]d/fh clwsf/L lj=g]kfn ;/sf/

k | ltjfbLsf ] ljjf lbt k |df0 fkqsf;DaGwdf ;f] k|df0fkq hf/L ug]{ dfWolds lzIffk l / i f b \ I f ] q Lo sfo f {no , j f / f 0 f; Ld f

k|df0fLs/0fsf ] nflu k7fpFbf ;f ] kl/ifb\n]æk/LIffyL{sf gfd x]d/fh clwsf/L, lktfsf gfdr"8fdl0f clwsf/L, k/LIff xfO:s"n,jif{ !((@,cg'qmdfÍ !&@&&^&, of]u @#), >]0fL t[tLo,s]Gb |sf gfd hgtf OG6/sn]h k'/gb/k'/,dxf/fhu~h pNn]v eO{ s}lkmot dxndf k|fKtfÍ)!(÷^)) g+= sL @#)÷^)) Pj+ k/LIffkmncg'QL0f{ g= sL t[tLo >]0fL d] pQL0f{Æ eÌ]Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L oL k|ltjfbLsf] k|df0fkq;SsnL gePsf] cy{ :ki6 x'g] u/L hjfkm k7fPsf]b]lvFbf lghn] k]z u/]sf] k|df0fkqnfO{ cflwsfl/sjf ;SsnL dfÌ ;Sg] cj:yf gb]lvg] .Ohnf; clws[tM>Lk|sfz pk|]tLsDKo'6/M /fg' kf}8]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t @@ ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

^df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L e/t/fhpk|]tL, @)^& ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )@%@, st{Jo Hofg,rGb|b]j /]UdL -h};L_ lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

jf/bft:yndf ePsf] rKkn cfˆg} xf] egLk|ltjfbLn] cbfntsf] jofgdf ;d]t :jLsf/ u/]sf]Joj:yf b]lvFbf / df}sfdf s;"/ u/]sf]df ;fljtLeO{ k|ltjfbLn] u/]sf] jofgnfO{ k"0f{snf /]UdL;d]tsf] askqaf6 k'li6 ePsf] b]lvPsf]n] z'¿b}n]v lhNnf cbfntn] k|ltjfbLnfO{ Hofg;DaGwLdxnsf] !#-#_ g+= cg';f/ ;j{Zj;lxt hGds}bsf];hfo u/]sf] km};nfnfO{ ;b/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt ;'v]{tsf] ldlt @)^^.!!.!( ut]sf] km};nfldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] .

k|ltjfbL / d[tssf] aLrdf ;f] jf/bftx''g'eGbf s]xL ;do cufl8;Dd tf; v]n]sf] //S;L ;+u} a;L vfPsf] b]lvG5 . k|ltjfbLn] k"j{l/;OjL dgdf /fvL 3fts xltof/ k|of]u u/Ldf/]sf] geO{ /S;L vfO{ tf; v]Nbf lht]sf] k};fglbPsf] sf/0f d[ts;Fu emu8f x'Fbf tTsfn l/;p7L 9'+ufn] xfGbf d[tssf] d[To' ePsf] b]lvPsf]n]lgh k|ltjfbL rGb|b]j /]UdL h};LnfO{ Hofg;DaGwLdxnsf] !#-#_ g+= cg';f/ ;j{Zj;lxt hGds}b;hfo ubf{ rsf]{ kg{ hfg] ePsf]n] c=j+ !** g+=adf]lhd !) jif{ s}b ;hfo ug]{ u/L k'g/fj]bg

3131313131


cbfnt ;'v]{taf6 JoQm u/]sf] /fo ldn]s} b]lvbf;f] ;d]t ;b/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM k/z'/fd e§/fO{sDKo'6/M ;'Gb/axfb'/ sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn a}zfv @! ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

&df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L j}BgfypkfWofo, @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )%%^, st{JoHofg, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= ljkg /fO{ ;d]t

k|ltjfbLx¿ /fh' k'nfdL / ljkg /fO{n]d[ts rGb|axfb'/ /fO{nfO{ rf]6 5f8]sf] / dg]{sf]hLpdf xft xfnL kqmL ;dftL dfg{nfO{ ;+of]u kf/LlbPsf] eÌ] gb]lvFbf cleof]u dfu bfjLcg';f/Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-$_ g+= sf] s;"/ ck/fwk|ltjfbLx¿ /fh' k'nfdL / ljkg /fO{af6 eP u/]sf]gb]lvg] .

sf7df8f}+b]lv g} k|ltjfbL ljkg /fO{ / /fh'k'nfdL k|ltjfbL t'n/fd /fO{sf ;fy nfuL d[tsnfO{dfg]{ sfo{df ;+of]u kf/L d'n'sL P]g, Hofg;DaGwLdxnsf] !&-@_ g+= cg';f/sf] s;"/ ck/fw u/]sf]k'li6 ePsf]n] lghx¿nfO{ ;f]xL g+= adf]lhd hgxL% jif{ s}b ;hfo ug]{ 7x¥ofPsf] ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfcbfntsf] ldlt @)^%.*.( ut]sf] km};nf ;b/ x'g]7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt wgs'6fsf] ldlt@)^^.(.!# sf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM k/z'/fd e§/fO{sDKo'6/M ;'Gb/axfb'/ sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t & ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

*df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L j}BgfypkfWofo, @)^& ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )&%$, st{JoHofg, k'ik nfdf tfdfª lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

k|ltjfbLsf] cbfnt;dIf ePsf] aofgOGsf/L b]lvP tfklg ;f] OGsf/L ;dly{t x'g] s'g}k|df0f k]z x'g ;s]sf] kfOFb}g . d[ts ;/f]hv8\uLnfO{ s'6kL6 u/L dfg]{df oL k|ltjfbL ;d]tsf];+nUgtf /x]sf] egL ldl;n ;+nUg cGo k|df0fn]k'li6 ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf]s]jn OGsf/L aofgs} cfwf/df dfq ;kmfO{ kfpg;Sg] l:ylt gb]lvg] .

k'ik nfdf tfdfËnfO{ Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf]!#-!_ g+= adf]lhd ;j{Zj;lxt hGds}bsf] ;hfox'g] 7x/ u/L z'¿ sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntaf6ldlt @)^%.(.@ df ePsf] km};nf ;b/ u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)^^.*.#) ut]sf]km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM k/z'/fd e§/fO{sDKo'6/M ;'Gb/axfb'/ sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t ( ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

(df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L j}BgfypkfWofo, @)^$ ;fnsf] CR–)%##, nfu" cf}ifw,bnl;Fx tfdfË lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

a/fdb ePsf ] nfu" kbfy{sf ] dfqf-Quantity_ ;d]t #)) u|fd b]lvPsf] pQm nfu"cf}ifw pRrsf]6L -High Quality_ sf] a|fpg ;'u/b]lvPsf] ;d]t l:yltdf To:tf] nfu" kbfy{ Toltdfqfdf ;fydf /fv]/ lxFl8/x]sf ] cj:yfdfk|ltjfbL kqmfp k/]sf] b]lvFbf pQm sfo{ uDeL/k|s[ltsf] ck/fw ;d]t b]lvg cfof] . Tolt w]/}dfqfdf k|ltjfbLsf] ;fyaf6 a|fpg ;'u/ h:tf]pRrsf]6Lsf] nfu" kbfy{ a/fdb ePsf] ;d]tl:yltdf s]jn k|x/Ldf ePsf] aofg :j]R5fk"j{sePsf] xf]Og egL cbfntdf OGsf/ /x]s} cfwf/dfdfq cleof]u bfjLaf6 pGd'lQm kfpg g;Sg]x'Fbf k|ltjfbL bnl;Fx tfdfËnfO{ nfu" cf}ifwsf]laqmL ljt/0f v/Lb ;~ro /fVg] sfo{ tyfcf];f/k;f/ u/]sf] cleof]udf nfu" cf}ifw -lgoGq0f_ P]g, @)## sf] bkmf !$-!_ -5_ -#_adf]lhd !% -kGw|_ jif{ s}b / kfFrnfv h/Ljfgfx'g] 7x/ u/]sf] z'¿ sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf]km};nf ;b/ ug]{ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf]ldlt @)^$.%.@) sf] km};nf d'gfl;a e} ldn]sf]b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM czf]ss'df/ a:g]tOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t @ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!)df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L j}BgfypkfWofo, @) \̂& ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )%**, st{JoHofg, hoaxfb'/ l3l;ª lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

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ldl;n ;+nUg sf/fuf/ sfof{no lrtjg,e/tk'/sf] r=g+= &#*, ldlt @)^&.*.@) sf] kqx]bf{, æjfbL g]kfn ;/sf/ lj¿4 k|ltjfbL hoaxfb'/l3l;Ë ePsf] st{Jo Hofg d'2fdf s}b ;hfoef]uL /x]sf] k|ltjfbL hoaxfb'/ l3l;Ë SofG;//f]u nfuL ldlt @)^&.&.!( ut] laxfg %=$% ah]sfnultn] d[To' ePsf]Æ egL pNn]v eO{ cfPsf]kfOG5 . ca d'n'sL P]g, b08 ;hfosf] dxnsf] #g+= sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf x]bf{ æh/Ljfgf s}b jfla;f}b nfu]sf] dflg; ;f] c;"n gx'Fb} d¥of] eg]pm d/]kl5 dfkm x'G5Æ === eÌ] pNn]v ePsf]kfObf oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]ubfjLadf]lhd ;j{Zj;lxt hGds}bsf] ;hfo 7x/u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] OG;fkmsf] xsdf;b/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM k/z'/fd e§/fO{sDKo'6/M ;'Gb/axfb'/ sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t & ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

!!df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L j}BgfypkfWofo, @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )^)&, st{JoHofg, ;'gLtf l3l;ª -tfdfª_ lj= g]kfn ;/sf/

hfx]/jfnfn] cbfntdf cfO{ hfx]/L k'li6x'g] u/L u/]sf] askq, df}sfdf a'lemPsL dfOnLl3l;Ë, sfG5L eÌ] km"ndfof l3l;Ë, aL/axfb'/l3l;Ë / /fdxl/ l8d8'Ën] cbfntdf u/]sf]askq Joxf]/f ;d]taf6 hfx]/L / k|ltjfbLn]u/]sf] s;"/ ck/fw k'li6 ePsf] / k|ltjfbLn]df}sfdf / cbfntdf cfO{ u/]sf] ;fljtL aofgldl;n ;+nUg k|df0faf6 ;dly{t x'g cfPsf]b]lvg] .

k|ltjfbL ;'gLtf l3l;Ë -tfdfª_ nfO{ d'n'sLP]g, Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !#-!_ g+= adf]lhd;j{Zj;lxt hGds}bsf] ;hfo ug]{ u/]sf] z'¿dsjfgk'/ lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nfnfO{ g} ;b/u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt x]6f}+8fsf] ldlt @)^^.*.(ut]sf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] .

v'kf{h:tf] wfl/nf] xltof/ k|of]u u/Lcfdf;Fu p7]sf] k"j{ /L;OjL ;fFWg !) jif]{ cjf]waflnsfnfO{ xTof u/]sf] b]lvFbf c=a+= !** g+= sf]

k|of]u u/L ;hfo 36fO{ kfpFm eÌ] k|ltjfbLsf]k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug g;Sg] .Ohnf; clws[tM k/z'/fd e§/fO{sDKo'6/M ;'Gb/axfb'/ sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t (ut] /f]h $z'ed\ .

!@df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L j}BgfypkfWofo, @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )^(%, st{JoHofg, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= lzjs'df/ ofbj ;d]t

k|ltjfbL xf]6naf6 cfˆgf] 3/tkm{ hfg]qmddf cjwnfn ofbjsf] cfFk au}+rfdf k'uL cfFkau}+rf ¿ªg] a6f]/g tTdfnfO{ af]nfpFbf lgh PSsf;LlapFemL k|ltjfbLsf] z/L/ ;d]tdf xftkft u/]kl5l/; p7L 6r{ nfO6 / d'8\sLn] xfg]sf] eÌ] lghk|ltjfbLsf] cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf ePsf] aofg;d]taf6 v'Ng cfPsf] b]lvG5 . k"j{ l/;OjL gePsf]n'sL rf]/L gxfg]sf], hf]lvdL xltof/n] klg gxfgLp;} df}sfdf p7]sf] l/; yfDg g;sL 6r{ / d'8\sLn]xfGbf ;f]xL rf]6af6 kL8fsf] sf/0faf6 d[tssf]d[To' ePsf] b]lvg] .

d'n'sL P]g, Hofg;DaGwL dxnsf] !$ g++=sf] ;hfo ug'{kg]{df k'g/fj]bg cbfnt /fhla/fhn]Hofg;DaGwLsf] % g+= sf] s;"/ sfod u/L P]= sf] -$_ g+= cg';f/ eljtJodf ;hfo x'g] u/L k|ltjfbLlzjs'df/ ofbjnfO{ @ jif{ s}b x'g] 7x¥ofO{ ePsf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt /fhla/fhsf] OG;fkm gldn]sf]x'Fbf pN6L eO{ Hofg;DaGwLsf] !$ g+= cg';f/ k|ltjfbLlzjs'df/ ofbjnfO{ !) jif{ s}b ;hfo ug]{ u/L7x¥ofPsf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf z'¿ l;/xf lhNnfcbfntsf] ldlt @)^!.#.! sf] km};nf ;b/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM k/z'/fd e§/fO{sDKo'6/M ;'Gb/axfb'/ sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t & ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

!#df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L j}BgfypkfWofo, @)^^ ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )(&@, lg0f{oab/, d]jfnfn ofbj ;d]t lj= clVtof/ b'¿kof]ucg';Gwfg cfof]u 6+ufn ;d]t

;'Vvf ;dodf df5f dfg{ hnf;o ;'Vvfug]{ ug]{ u/]sf]n] l;FrfO{ lgodfjnL @)%^ sf] Joj:yf

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k|lts"n eO{ l/hEjf{o/ lgdf{0fsf] cf}lrTo ;d]tk'li6 xf];\ egL l;+rfO{ ljefusf] /fo ePsf] / jgljefusf] k|ltlglw ;d]tsf cWoog ;ldltn]df5fkfng Joj;fo ;~rfngn] l;d;f/df k|lts"nc;/ k/]sf] egL lbPsf] k|ltj]bg ;d]tsf] cfwf/df;/sf/L :jfldTjsf] hubLzk'/ afFwdf df5f kfngug{ k'g/fj]bsdWo]sf z}n]Gb|k|;fb z]/rgnfO{k'g/fj]bs afF0fu+uf l;+rfO{ k|0ffnL hn pkef]Qmf;+:yfn] !) jif{sf] nflu lbPsf] 7]Ssf tf]8\g]tkm{sf/jfxL rnfpg l;+rfO{ ljefudf n]vL k7fpg]u/L clVtof/ b'¿kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]uaf6 ldlt@)^%.(.^ df ePsf] lg0f{o ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g]7x¥ofPsf] ljz]if cbfnt sf7df8f} +sf] ldlt@)^^.*.!* sf] km};nf ldn]s} b]lvFbf ;b/ x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM k/z'/fd e§/fO{sDKo'6/M ;'Gb/axfb'/ sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t !% ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!$df=Gof=>L ;'zLnf sfsL{ / df=Gof=>L j}BgfypkfWofo, @)^& ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )^$), @)^&;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )*##, ha/\h:tL s/0fL, e/t/fjn lj= g]kfn ;/sf/, nId0f /fjn lj= g]kfn;/sf/

ls6fgL hfx]]/L kLl8tsf] df}sfsf] sfuhP]=sf] askq, df}sfdf a'lemPsf JolQmsf] ls6fgLegfO{ kLl8tsf] zf/Ll/s k/LIf0f k|ltj]bg,k|ltjfbLx¿sf] cg';Gwfg clwsf/L;dIf ePsf];fljtL aofgnufotsf ;Da4 k|df0fx¿af6;fd"lxs ha/\h:tL s/0fLsf] jf/bft :yflkt ePsf]/ ;f] s's[Todf oL k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLx¿sf];+nUgtfnfO{ k|df0fx¿n] kLl8tfsf] lj¿4 h3Gock/fw u/ ]sf ] k ' l i6 ul//x ]sf ] cj:yfdfk|ltjfbLx¿sf] s]jn OGsf/L aofgnfO{ dfqlgbf]{liftfsf] cfwf/ agfO{ jf:tljs ck/fwLnfO{cleof]u bfjLaf6 ;kmfO{ lbFb} hfg] xf] eg] ;dfhdfb08xLgtfsf] l:ylt l;h{gf x'g hfg] .

k|ltjfbLx¿ e/t /fjn / nId0f /fjnnfO{ha/\h:tL s/0fLsf] dxnsf] #-$_ g+= adf]lhdhgxL *-cf7_ jif{ s}b / P]= dxnsf] #-s_ g+=adf]lhd ;fd"lxs ha/\h:tL s/0fL u/]sf]df yk

% jif{ s}b;d]t hDdf s}b hgxL !# -t]x|_ jif{ s}bx'g] / lghx¿af6 ¿= !,%),))).– -Ps nfvkrf; xhf/_ hgxL Ifltk"lt{ kLl8t /dfnfO{ e/fO{lbg'kg]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM k/z'/fd e§/fO{sDKo'6/M ;'Gb/axfb'/ sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t ( ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!%df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>L ts{/fh e§,@)^% ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= )##^, )##$, )##%, km};nfab/ btf{ ab/, d'=;= ug]{ k"0f{nfn ah|frfo{ lj=eLdnfn ah|frfo{ ;d]t, eLdnfn ah|frfo{ ;d]tlj= 1fgsfhL zfSo ;d]t, d'=;= ug]{ ci6nIdLah|frfo{ lj=eLdnfn ah|frfo{ ;d]t

lnvtx¿af6 ljjflbt ls=g+= @!& sf] hUuf/ To;df ag]sf] 3/ ah|frfo{ / zfSox¿sf] ;femfb]jfnL 3/ egL pNn]v ePaf6 ljjflbt 3/ hUufah|frfo{sf] / zfSox¿sf] s'g} Ps kIfsf] g e} b'a}kIfsf] ;femf xs lxt lglxt /x]sf] k"hf ug]{, wfld{sPj+ r"8fsd{;lxt ef]h vfg] O6'Faxfnleq /x]sf];femf cf:yfsf] k|tLs b]jfnL k"hf3/ xf] eÌ] b]lvg] .

b]jtfsf] k"hf pkf;gf ug]{ xs clwsf/;du| dfgj hfltnfO{ eP klg dfly pb\w[t ul/Psf]n]vaf6 b]jfnL k"hf ug]{, ef]h vfg] / ;fdflhsr"8fsd{ ug]{ clwsf/ Pj+ bfloTj j8f g+= @^ sfzfSo / ah|frfo{ b'a} kIfnfO{ dfq b]lvPaf6;fj{hlgs k|s[ltsf] b]jtfsf] hUuf / 3/ /]vb]v,;~rfng dd{t / lgdf{0fdf ;a}sf] ;xof]u cfjZosx'G5 . O6'Faxfnsf] b]jfnL k"hf 3/;lxt hUufsf]/]vb]v, ;+/If0f dd{t ;Def/ b'a} kIfn] ug'{kg]{ x'gcfpF5 . s'g} Ps kIfn] To; b]j:ynsf] dd{t ;Def/;d]t k'g¿Tyfg ug{ rfx]df csf]{ kIfn] ;xof]uug'{kg]{ x'G5 . b'a} kIfsf] ;xdltn] o; P]ltxfl;sw/f]x/sf] dd{t ;Def/ x'g pko'Qm xf] . t/ of];Dej gePdf klg o; /fli6«o ;Dkbfsf] ;'/Iff,;+/If0f dd{t / ;Def/ ug{df s'g} klg kIf afwsgx'g] .

b]jtf 3/sf] hUuf 3/ csf]{ s'g} JolQmsf]gfddf btf{ u/L /fVg] u/]sf] / ;f] JolQmn] lt/f] kf]tlt/] klg lghsf] lghL ;DklQ x'g g;Sg] / laqmL

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ljt/0f, c+za08f, lnnfd ;d]t x'g g;Sg] ;fd"lxsxssf] ;DklQ xf] eÌ] b]lvg cfpg] .Ohnf; clws[tM nLnf/fh clwsf/LsDKo'6/M /fdz/0f ltldlN;gfOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t !% ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

!^df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL / df=Gof= k|f=8f=>Le/taxfb'/ sfsL{, @)^& ;fnsf] kmf}=k'=g+= )#*^,ha/\h:tL s/0fL, /ljgs'df/ tfdfª lj= g]kfn;/sf/

j:t'tM jf/bftsf] k/LIf0f k|ltj]bgaf6kLl8tsf] of]gL ;'lÌPsf], kL8f ePsf], /ut au]sf]eÌ] pNn]v ePsf] cj:yfdf ha/\h:tL s/0fLePsf] xf] xf]Og egL yk k|df0fsf] cfjZostf /ljZn]if0f ul//xg' kg]{ cfjZostf gb]lvg] .

Pp6L % jif{sL cjf]w gfjflnsfn] cfkm"dflyePsf] cdfgjLo ck/fwsf] af/]df 36gfsf] oyfy{lrq0f u/L df}sfdf n]vfPsL / lghsf] egfO{hfx]/jfnL / k|ToIfbzL{ tyf cGo :jtGq k|df0fx¿n]k'li6 u/]sf] cj:yfdf oL k|ltjfbL /jLg tfdfªlgbf]{if /x]5g\ egL dfÌ gldNg] .Ohnf; clws[tM k/z'/fd e§/fO{sDKo'6/M ;'Gb/axfb'/ sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^^ ;fn r}t !^ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .

!&df=Gof=>L k|sfz j:tL / df=Gof=>L sdngf/fo0fbf;, @)^$ ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= )@)(, lnvt btf{ab/, btf{ sfod, kz'klt ;]g u'Ktf lj= hutdfgk|wfg ;d]t

pkgfd / ;+lIfKt gfd n]Vg] k|rngsf]Jofkstf kfO/x]sf] cj:yfdf s;n] s] y/ n]Vof]eGg] d'Vo s'/f geO{ lghsf k"j{hsf] osLg ul/g'g} Gofof]lrt s'/f xf] . lktfn] zdf{ / pkfWofocflb n]Vg] u/]sf]df ;Gtfgn] cfˆgf] jf:tljs y/g} n]v] eGb}df ltgsf aLr ;DaGw g/x]sf] cy{ ug{ldNb}g . To:t} s;}n] axfb'/, k|;fb / /fh cflbdWo] gfd n]v]gg\ eGb}df Tof] JolQm g} km/s xf]eGg ldNb}g . l;kmfl/z / gful/stfnufotsfk|df0fn] h+udfgnfO{ gf]5]dfgs} 5f]/f b]vfO{ /x]sf]cj:yfdf cGoyf cy{ nufpg gldNg] .

x:tfGt/0fsf] lqmofdf lkm/fbLsf] d~h"/L/x] g/x]sf] k|df0fåf/f :yflkt x'g] s'/f xf] . x:tfGt/0fePsf] lnvt ab/df bfjL gug]{ cGo c+lzof/sf];f] lqmofdf :jtM d~h"/L /x]sf] dfgL lghx¿sf]v08 ab/ x'g ;Sb}g . o;af6 klg x:tfGtl/tlnvtdf lkm/fbLsf] d~h"/L / gfd~h"/LnfO{ k|df0fsf]/f]xdf :jtGq ?kn] x]l/g' kg]{ .

lnvtdf ;fIfL a:g' jf d~h"/Lsf] lnvtx'g'nfO{ ;uf]nsf] cfk"mv'; ug{ gkfpg] ;DklQx:tfGt/0f k|lqmofdf d~h"/L /x]sf] k|ToIf k|df0fxf] eg] o;sf cltl/Qm d~h"/L cfr/0f tyf cGok|df0faf6 k|blz{t x'g] s'/f klg xf] . ;DklQx:tfGt/0f u/]/ csf]{ pko'Qm ;DklQ cfh{g ul/Psf]/ ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f u/]/ s'g} kfl/jfl/s bfloTjk"/f ul/Psf] h:tf s'/f k|df0faf6 k'li6 x'G5 eg]klg o:tf sfo{nfO{ d~h"/L g} dfGg' kg]{ eO{ lnvtab/ ug'{kg]{ cf}lrTosf] k'li6 gx'g] .

lnvtdf ;fIfL ga];sf jf d~h"/Lsf] lnvtgu/]sf c+lzof/n] ;f] x:tfGt/0faf6 ;fd"lxs nfecfh{g u/]s} b]lvP klg :jtM lghx¿sf] v08 ab/ul/lbg' kb{5 eGg' oflGqs s'/f x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM k/z'/fd e§/fO{sDKo'6/M ;'Gb/axfb'/ sfsL{Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t * ut] /f]h # z'ed\ .

tLgeGbf a9L GofofwLzx¿ ePsf] ljz]ifOhnf;;dIf k]z ug'{kg]{

df=Gof=>L lvn/fh /]UdL, df=Gof=>L sNof0f >]i7/ df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, l/6 g+= @)^^–WS–))##, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, lzjrGb| kf}8]n lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo / g}ltstfsf] /Iffsf]nflu tyf s'g} k]zf, /f]huf/ pBf]u jf Jofkf/ug{ s'g} zt{ jf of]Uotf tf]Sg] u/L sfg"g agfpg;Sg] clwsf/ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@ sf]pkwf/f -#_ sf] k|ltjGwfTds v08 -%_ n] /fHonfO{k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvG5 . of] k|ltjGwfTds Joj:yfwf/f !@ sf] pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -r_ åf/fgful/snfO{ k|bQ k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u / Jofkf/

3535353535


ug]{ :jtGqtfsf] ckjfbfTds Joj:yf xf] . To;}n]To:tf] ckjfbfTds Joj:yfcGtu{t agfOPsf] s'g}sfg"gåf/f pQm :jtGqtfpk/ nufOg] s'g} klgk|ltjGw jf lgoGq0f ;b}j plrt / ts{;+utx'g'kb{5 . cGoyf ;+ljwfgk|bQ df}lns xs /:jtGqtfpk/ cg'lrt¿kdf aGb]h nufpg] u/Lhf/L ePsf] s'g} klg sfg"gL Joj:yf cGtl/d;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !)&-!_ adf]lhd o; cbfntaf6cdfGo / ab/ 3f]lift x'g] .

sfg"gadf]lhd Joj;fo btf{ u/L k|fKtePsf] lgdf{0f Joj;fo;DaGwL Ohfhtkqsf]gjLs/0f ug{sf nflu g]kfn lgdf{0f Joj;foLdxf;+3sf] ;b:otfk|fKt ug'{kg]{ u/L lgdf{0f Joj;foLlgodfjnL, @)%^ sf] cg';"rL % n] u/]sf] Joj:yf;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo / g}ltstf sfod /fVgsf nfluul/Psf] xf] eÌ ;lsg] ts{;+ut cfwf/ / sf/0f/x]sf] b]lvFb}g eg] g]kfn lgdf{0f Joj;foL dxf;+3h:tf s'g} k]zfut ;+3 ;+u7gsf] ;b:otf lng}kg]{u/L ;+ljwfg / sfg"gn] s;}nfO{ afWo gu/]sf]cj:yfdf To:tf] ;+3 ;+u7gsf] ;b:otf lng}kg]{u/L ank"j{s ul/Psf] lgodfjnLsf] pQm Joj:yfsf]s'g} j}wflgs p2]Zo -Legitimate Objective_ /x]sf];d]t b]lvg cfpFb}g . ;+ljwfgk|bQ df}lns xs /:jtGqtfpk/ lgoGq0f ug]{ jf aGb]h nufpg] u/Lul/Psf] s'g} klg sfg"gL Joj:yf / To:tf] sfg"gåf/fxfl;n ug{ vf]lhPsf] p2]Zosf aLr ;d]t cy{k"0f{tfbDotf /x]sf] b]lvg' kb{5 . t/ g]kfn lgdf{0fJoj;foL dxf;+3sf] ;b:otf lng'kg]{ u/L cGtl/d;+ljwfg, lgdf{0f Joj;fo P]g, @)%% / lgdf{0fJoj;fo lgodfjnL, @)%^ ;d]tn] clgjfo{ gu/]sf]cj:yfdf dxf;+3sf] ;b:otf lng}kg]{ u/L lgdf{0fJoj;fo lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rLn] u/]sf] ljjflbtJoj:yfsf] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# /lgdf{0f Joj;fo P]g, @)%% sf] p2]Zo;Fu s'g}tfbDotf /x]sf] ;d]t b]lvg gcfpg] .

; + ljwfgk |bQ df } lns xs tyf:jtGqtfpk/ dgfl;a dflkmssf] lgoGq0f;Dd ug{;lsg] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf / ;+j}wflgs ljlwzf:qsf]dfGotfljk/Lt To:tf] xs jf :jtGqtfsf] pkef]udfcg'lrt lgoGq0f sfod u/L df}lns xs jf

:jtGqtfnfO{ g} cy{xLg t'Nofpg] u/L ePsf] lgdf{0fJoj;fo lgodfjnL, @)%^ sf] cg';"rL % sf]b/vf:t kmf/fdsf] % sf] -s_ / -v_ sf] Joj:yfn]cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@ sf] pkwf/f -#_ sf]k|ltjGwfTds v08 -%_ sf] ljk/Lt ;f]xL wf/f !@sf] pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -r_ åf/f k|bQ k]zf,/f]huf/, pBf]u jf Jofkf/ ug]{ gful/s :jtGqtfdfcg'lrt aGb]h nufOPsf] b]lvg cfpg] .

lgdf{0f Joj;fo lgodfjnL, @)%^ sf]cg';"rL % df /x]sf] lgdf{0f Joj;fosf] OhfhtkqgjLs/0fsf nflu lbOg] b/vf:t kmf/fdsf] 9fFrfsf]% g+= sf] -s_ -v_ sf] Joj:yfn] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@ sf] pkwf/f -#_ sf]v08 -r_ åf/f k|bQ gful/ssf] k]zf, /f]huf/,pBf]u / Jofkf/ ug]{ :jtGqtfdf cg'lrt aGb]hnufOPsf] 5 eÌ] o; Ohnf;sf] 7x/ /x]sf] 5 .;f] kl/k|]Iodf o; Ohnf;sf] ;dfgfGt/ Ohnf;af6l/6 g+= )^^–WS–)))$, )^^–WS–)))* / @)%*;fnsf] l/6 g+= ^$ -g]=sf=k= @)%( lg=g+= &)()k[= #))_ ;d]tsf plNnlvt l/6 lgj]bgdf ePsf]cfb]z;Fu ;xdt x'g ;lsPg . t;y{ ;jf]{Rrcbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod $ sf] -@s_adf]lhd k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg tLgeGbf a9LGofofwLzx¿ ePsf] ljz]if Ohnf;;dIf k]zug'{kg]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{sDKo'6/M d's'Gb lji6Olt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t @$ ut] /f]h % z'ed\ .

/foafemL km};nf

!;=k|=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7 / df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfzl;6f}nf, kmf}=k'=g+= @)^#–CR–)^$#, u}+8fsf] vfulaqmL Joj;fo, g]kfn ;/sf/ lj= cf]daxfb'/ /fgf;=k|=Gof=>L /fdk|;fb >]i7sf] /foM

d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIf ePsf] d'2fsfkIfx¿sf] lnlvt ;fljtL aofg jf :jLsf/f]lQmsf]k|fdfl0fs d"NonfO{ k|df0f sfg"gn] g} k|df0fdfa'lem/xg gkg]{ u/L k|df0fdf u|fXo u/]sf] cj:yfdf

3636363636


d'2f x'g]{ clwsf/L;dIf cf/f]lkt s;"/ u/]sf] s'/fdf;fljt eO{ k|:t't d'2fsf k|ltjfbLx¿n] u/]sf] ;fljtLaofgnfO{ lghx¿sf lj¿4 k|df0fdf lng' kg]{ .

s;"/ u/]sf] s'/fdf ;fljt eO{ Pscsf]{nfO{ kf]n ;d]t u/L cg';Gwfg clwsf/L /d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIf u/]sf] aofg lghx¿n]k/:k/ kf]n u/]sf] aofg Joxf]/faf6 ;dly{t ePsf]b]lvPsf] / k|df0f P]g, @)#! sf] bkmf $-!_-s_tyf (-!_ adf]lhd d'2f x]g] { clwsf/L;dIflghx¿n] u/]sf] ;fljtL aofgnfO{ lghx¿sflj¿4 k|df0fdf lng ldNg] b]lvFbf k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLcf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/nfO{ cleof]u dfu bfjLaf6;kmfO{ lbg] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, x]6f}+8fsf]km};nf pN6L eO{ lghn] k6s k6s vfu laqmLu/]sf] eÌ] b]lvPsf] x'Fbf lghnfO{ /fli6«o lgs'~htyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g, @)@( sf] bkmf !(-!_sf] s;"/df P]=sf] bkmf @^-!_ adf]lhd kfFr jif{s}b / krf; xhf/ ¿k}ofF h/Ljfgf x'g] .

df=Gof=>L df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nfsf] /foM d'2fsf] cg';Gwfgstf{, cleof]hgstf{

/ lg0f{ostf{ ;d]t Pp6} lgsfo /x]sf] cj:yfdf;f] lgsfodf cg';Gwfg clwsf/L / d'2f x]g]{clwsf/L;dIf ePsf] k|ltjfbLx¿sf] ;fljtL aofg/ ;xcleo'Qmx¿sf] kf]nnfO{ k|df0fdf u|x0f ubf{;fjwfgLk"j{s ljrf/ ul/g'kb{5 . To:tf] ;fljtL/ ;xcleo'Qmsf] kf]n ldl;n ;+nUg cGo :jtGq/ j:t'lgi6 k|Dff0faf6 ;dly{t ePsf] cj:yfdfk |df0fdf u |fXo x 'G5 . t/ k |:t 't d'2fdfk|ltjfbLx¿n] z'¿ sfof{nodf u/]sf] ;fljtL aofg/ k/:k/ u/]sf] kf]n ldl;n ;+nUg cGo s'g} klg7f]; ;a"b k|Dff0faf6 ;dly{t ePsf] cj:yfb]lvFb}g . d'v ;fljt x'g' / ck/fw ug'{ km/s–km/s s'/f x'g\ . ck/fwhGo sfo{ eP u/]sf]k|df0faf6 k'li6 / ;dly{t ePdf dfq s;"/bf/7x¥ofO{ cleo'QmnfO{ ;hfo ul/G5 . kmf}hbf/LGofo l;4fGtsf] :yflkt dfGotf klg oxL xf] .lagf bzL k|df0fsf] ;fljtL slxNo} klg cfk/flwssfo{ x'Fb}g / b08gLo klg x'Fb}g . olb To:tf];fljtL dfqnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ck/fw u/]s} xf]

egL cfTdut ;f]rfO{ /fvL gful/snfO{ b08 ub}{hfg] xf] eg] JolQmsf df}lns xs, sfg"gL xs /k|df0f sfg"gsf k|fjwfgx¿ ;a} lg:t]h / lgliqmox'G5g\ . clg To:tf efjfj]zk"0f{ lg0f{ox¿af6Gofosf] :yflkt dfGo l;4fGtx¿ w/fzfoL x'G5g\h'g sfg"gL /fHodf 3fts l;4 x'g] .

k|ltjfbL cf]daxfb'/ /fgf du/nfO{ s;"/bf/7x¥ofPsf] z'¿ zfxL lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsfof{nosf] lg0f{o pN6L u/L lghnfO{ cleof]udfu bfjLaf6 ;kmfO lbg] u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt,x]6f}+8fsf] ldlt @)^#.*.$ sf] km};nf dgfl;a b]lvFbf;b/ x'g] .

k|ltjfbLnfO{ cleof]u dfu bfjLaf6 ;kmfO{lbPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, x]6f}+8fsf] km};nf pN6Lug]{ u/]sf] ;DdfgLo k|wfg GofofwLzHo"sf] /fo;Fu;xdt gePsf]n] ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$(sf] lgod #-!_ -s_ adf]lhd lg0f{ofy{ k"0f{Ohnf;;dIf k]z ug"{ .Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{sDKo'6/M zDe'k|;fb zfxOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t ( ut] /f]h $ z'ed\ .§ o;} k|s[ltsf] kmf}=k'=g+= @)^#–CR–)^^),

u}+8fsf] vfu laqmL Joj;fo, g]kfn ;/sf/lj= cf]daxfb'/ /fgf ;d]t ePsf] d'2fdfo;}cg';f/ km};nf ePsf] 5 .

@df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= / df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ofbj, @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #@$^, pTk|]if0f,pk]Gb|s'df/ g]kfn ;d]t lj= >d sfof{no afudtLc~rn ;d]t

df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= sf] /foM6«]8 o"lgog P]g, @)$( sf] bkmf @% df

6«]8 o"lgog btf{ vf/]h ug]{ ph"/ ug{sf] nflu s'g};do ;Ldf tf]s]sf] b]lvb}g eg] btf{ sfod /xg'kb{5 eÌ] o"lgogn] btf{ sfod /xg cfjZos kg]{zt{ h:t} @% k|ltzt ;b:otf sfod ePsf] Joxf]/f;b}j lg/Gt/ sfod /xg' kb{5 / s;}n] ph"/Lub{5 eg] b]vfpg klg ;Sg' kb{5 . bfjL lj/f]wdfph"/ gkb}{df @% k|ltzt sfod g/x]sf o"lgogsf]

3737373737


k"/} cjlw btf{ sfod /xg ;Sg] Joj:yf b]lvggcfpg] .

;lqmo ¿kdf ;zQm hLjGt o"lgog ePcfˆgf] xsclwsf/sf] nflu lsg olt l9nf] u/L l/6bfo/ eof] eÌ] dgfl;a cfwf/ sf/0f l/6 lgj]bgdf:ki6¿kdf pNn]v ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . P]gsf]k|fjwfgadf]lhd @% k|ltzteGbf a9Lsf] ;b:otfsfod /x]sf] eP clt lanDa x'g] lyPg . o;af6klg pgsf] lhsL/ ;dly{t x'g ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g .cfˆgf] xs clwsf/k|lt ;r]t g/xg] cltljnDau/L cbfnt k|j]z u/]sf lgj]bs o"lgognfO{lanDasf] l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ;xof]u ug{ gldNg] .

df=Gof=>L cjw]zs'df/ ofbjsf] /foMk|hftflGqs zf;g Joj:yfdf sfdbf/

sd{rf/Lsf] nflu 6«]8 o"lgogsf] clwsf/nfO{dxTjk"0f{ / ;+ul7t x'g kfpg] clwsf/sf] ¿kdflnOG5 . xfd|f] jt{dfg cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] klg;+ul7t x'g kfpg] clwsf/nfO{ df}lns xssf] ¿kdf:jLsf/]sf] 5 . o:tf] clwsf/nfO{ uDeL/ sfg"gLq'l6 afx]ssf] cj:yfdf s'g} klg axfgfafhLdfCurtail ug{ ;lsFb}g . Psk6s bfjL lj/f]w ug{df}sf k|bfg ubf{ bfjL lj/f]w gu/]sf] cj:yfdf @jif{sf] nflu gjLs/0f e};s]kl5 uDeL/ hfn;fhLo'Qmsf/jfxL ePsf] tyf o"lgogn] cfkm}+ btf{ vf/]hLdfu u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s btf{ vf/]h x'g g;Sg] .

k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;Gbe{df lgj]bs Ps6«]8 o"lgog eÌ] b]lvG5 . o;n] s;}pk/ d'2f xfNbfjf cfkm"pk/sf] d'2fdf k|lt/Iff ubf{ sfo{ ;ldltaf6k|lqmof k"/f u/L lg0f{o u/fO{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgu/L ug]{ ul/G5 . o:tf]df Pp6f Single Natural

Person sf] h:tf] ;xh ge} s]xL ;do nfUg':jfefljs x'G5 . ldlt @)^@.$.!@ df >dcbfntaf6 lg0f{o ePkZrft\ k"0f{ kf7 tof/Lsfnflu s]xL ;do nfUg] / gSsn lnP kl5 l/6lgj]bg tof/Lsf] nflu ;d]t s]xL ;do nfUg':jfefljs x'G5 . ldlt @)^@.$.!@ df ePsf]km};nfpk/ ldlt @)^@.!@.!! df * dlxgfleq} l/6lgj]bg bfo/ e};s]sf] cj:yfdf lanDasf] l;4fGtcfslif{t x'g g;Sg] .

dfggLo GofofwLz an/fd s]=;L=sf]/fo;Fu ;xdt x'g g;s]sf]n] 5'§} /fo k|:t't u/]sf]5' . bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L lgodfg';f/ k"0f{Ohnf;df k]z ug"{ .Ohnf; clws[tM lji0f'k|;fb pkfWofosDKo'6/M lakgfb]jL dNnOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g @( ut] /f]h ! z'ed\ .§ o;} nufpsf] @)^@ ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #@$&,

pTk|]if0f k/dfb]z ;d]t, pk]Gb|s'df/ g]kfn;d]t lj= >d sfof{no afudtL c~rn;d]t ePsf] d'2fdf o;}cg';f/ km};nfePsf] 5 .

Psn Ohnf;

!df=Gof=>L an/fd s]=;L= @)^& ;fnsf] l/6 g+=WO–)**(, k/dfb]z, /fdaxfb'/ zfx lj=dxfgu/Lo k|x/L j[Q dxf/fhu~h ;d]t

lgj]bssf afa'sf] pkrf/sf] qmddf:jfefljs lgwg ePsf] b]lvPsf], pkrf/sfqmddf la/fdLsf ] uDeL/ cj:yfsf sf/0fl;=l;=o"= df egf{ ug{ lbOPsf] ;'emfj cfly{scefjsf sf/0f :jo + lgj ]bssf ] tkm {af6c:jLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvPsf], d[To'sf] sf/0f Septic

Shock eÌ] b ] lvPsf ] , :yflkt c:ktfndfsfo{/t lrlsT;sn] pd]/sf] pQ/fw{df k'u]sflgj]bssf afa'nfO{ nfk/jfxL t/Lsfn] untcf}iflw lbO{ dfg'{kg]{ s'g} sf/0f gb]lvPsf] /36gfsf] txsLsftsf nflu hfx]/L ;d]t btf{e} ;s]sf] kl/k| ]Iodf ;|f]t, ;fwg, k|ljlw /df}h'bf sfg"gL k|fjwfgsf] kl/lwleq /xL s]s;/L 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg txsLsft ;d]tsf]sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug] { eÌ] s'/f ljkIfL k|x/Lsfof {nosf ] If ]qf lwsf/sf ] ljifo ePsf ]n ]sfg"gljk/Ltsf] sfo{ geP;Dd o; cbfntaf6ljkIfLsf] sfo{df x:tIf]k ug{ gldNg] .

Prima Facia ¿kdf g} lgj]bssf] lgj]bgdfu Stand x'g] s'g} cfwf/ gb]lvg'sf] ;fy} ljkIfLsfsfdsf/jfxL sfg"gcg'¿ks} b]lvPsf]n] lgj]bg

3838383838


dfuadf]lhd cfb]zsf nflu ljkIfLx¿af6 lnlvthjfkm dufO{ /xg' kg]{ gb]lvg] .Ohnf; clws[tM af;'b]j kf}8]nsDKo'6/M a]bgf clwsf/LOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn r}t & ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

@df=Gof=>L tkaxfb'/ du/, @)^& ;fnsf] l/6 g+=)^&–WO–)*)*, pTk|]if0f, uf]dfb]jL k/fh'nL ;d]tlj= u[x dGqfno ;d]t

s/sfkk"j{s sfuh u/fPdf j}slNkspkrf/sf] dfu{ ePsf] b]lvPsf],sf7df8f}+df ePsf]hUufsf] hUufwgL k"hf{ Nofpg', b]vfpg' egLk|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] s'g} lg0f{o u/]sf] egLlg0f{o b]vfpg g;s]sf] cj:yfdf pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]z hf/L ul//xg' kg]{ cj:yf gb]lvFbf l/6lgj]bgsf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ul//xg'kg]{ cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf gb]lvFbf l/6 lgj]bgdflnlvt hjfkm dufO/xg' k/]g k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g] .Ohnf; clws[tM x]daxfb'/ ;]gsDKo'6/M ljZj/fh kf]v/]nOlt ;+jt\ @)^& ;fn kmfu'g !# ut] /f]h ^ z'ed\ .

#df=Gof=>L 1fg]Gb|axfb'/ sfsL{, @)^& ;fnsf] WO–!!@%, pTk|]if0f ;d]t, sdn /fO{ lj= 8Da/s'df/lnDa" ;d]t

jfbLn] ljkIfL 8Da/s'df/ lnDa" ;d]tpk/df]/ª lhNnf cbfntdf bfo/ u/]sf] hfn;fhL /lnvt ab/ d'2fdWo] hfn;fhL d'2fdf ljkIfL tkm{af6df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf sfg"g Joj;foLsf] ¿kdf lgo'QmePsf] / pg} df]xgk|sfz l;6f}nf ;d]taf6 nufpsf]lnvt ab/ d'2fdf @)^^.#.@! df km};nf eP u/]sf]n];f] sfo{ k|fs[lts Gofosf] l;4fGt / GofofwLzsf]cfrf/;+lxtf @)^% sf] ̂ =$ ljk/Lt ;f] @)^#.#.@!sf] km};nf ab/ u/L g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,@)^# sf] wf/f #@ / !)&-@_ adf]lhd k'g/fj]bgsf]nutdf btf{ ug"{ u/fpg" eÌ] k/dfb]z nufotsf]cfb]z k"hL{ ul/kfpFm eÌ] lgj]bssf] dfu bfjLePsf]df @)^^.#.@! ut]sf ] km };nf lj¿4@)^*.@.@$ df lgj]bg ug{ cfPsf] kfOG5 . lanDax'g'kg]{ plrt / pko'Qm sf/0f ;d]t lgj]bgdfpNn]v ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . o;sf] ;fy} @)^^.#.@!ut] km};nf ug]{ df=Gof= n] plNnlvt hfn;fhLd'2fdf sfg"g Joj;foLsf] x}l;otn] ax; u/]sf]eÌ] s'/f :jo+ lgj]bsn] eÌ g;Sg'sf cltl/QmbfjL u/]sf] @)^) ;fnsf] b]=k'=g+= *$(( sf] lnvtab/ d'2fdf klg km};nf ug]{;Ddsf] ;+nUgtf x'Fbfk|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf sf/0f b]vfp cfb]z hf/Lul//xg' gkg]{ .Ohnf; clws[tM /fdk|;fb e§/fO{Olt ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn h]7 #) ut] /f]h @ z'ed\ .

,

g]kfn sfg"g klqsf tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6gg]kfn sfg"g klqsf tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6gg]kfn sfg"g klqsf tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6gg]kfn sfg"g klqsf tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6gg]kfn sfg"g klqsf tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt a'n]l6g

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