Š-L-M
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"Shalom" (in blue) and "Salām" (in green) mean 'peace' in Hebrew and Arabic respectively
and often represent a peace symbol.[citation needed]
Rainbow flag with Shalom and Salaam meaning peace in Hebrew and Arabic respectively
Shin-Lamedh-Mem is the triconsonantal root of many Semitic words, and many of those words
are used as names. The root meaning translates to "whole, safe, intact, unharmed, to go free,
without blemish". Its earliest known form is in the name of Shalim, the ancient god of dusk of
Ugarit. Derived from this are meanings of "to be safe, secure, at peace", hence "well-being,
health" and passively "to be secured, pacified, submitted".
• Arabic: س ل م S-L-M (Maltese: S-L-M)
• East Semitic S-L-M
• South Semitic "S-L-M"
o Ge'ez: ሰላም S-L-M
• Northwest Semitic Š-L-M
o Canaanite Š-L-M (c.f. Shalem)
o Hebrew: שלם Š-L-M
o Aramaic: ܫܠܡ Š-L-M
Arabic salām (سلام), Maltese sliem, Hebrew Shalom (לום Ge'ez sälam (ሰላም), Syriac ,(ש
šlama (pronounced Shlama, or Shlomo in the Western Syriac dialect) (ܫܠܡܐ) are cognate
Semitic terms for 'peace', deriving from a Proto-Semitic *šalām-.
Given names derived from the same root include Solomon (Süleyman), Selim, Salem, Salim,
Salma, Salmah, Salman, Selimah, Shelimah, Salome, etc.
Arabic, Maltese, Hebrew and Aramaic have cognate expressions meaning 'peace be upon you'
used as a greeting:
• Arabic as-salāmu ʻalaykum (السلام عليكم) is used to greet others and is an Arabic equivalent
of 'hello'. The appropriate response to such a greeting is "and upon you be peace" (wa-
ʻalaykum as-salām).
• Hebrew shalom aleikhem, (שלום עליכם) is the equivalent of the Arabic expression, the
response being עליכם שלום, aléichem shalóm, 'upon you be peace'.
• Maltese sliem għalikom.
• Neo-Aramaic ܫܠܡܐ ܥܠܘܟ šlama 'lokh, classically ܫܠܡ ܠܟ, šlām lakh.
Contents
• 1 East Semitic
• 2 Arabic
o 2.1 Arabic Islām
o 2.2 Given names
• 3 Northwest Semitic
o 3.1 Given names
• 4 See also
• 5 References
• 6 External links
East Semitic
In the Amarna letters. A small number of the 382-letter corpus of the letters discussed the
exchange of "peace gifts", namely greeting-gifts (Shulmani) between the Pharaoh and the other
ruler involving the letter. The examples are Zita (Hittite prince), and Tushratta of Mitanni. Also,
Kadashman-Enlil of Babylon, (Karduniaš of the letters).
Šalām, (shalamu) is also used in letter introductions, stating the authors health: an example letter
EA19, from Tushratta to Pharaoh states:
"...the king of Mittani, your brother. For me all goes well. For you may all go well."--
(lines 2-4) (an 85-line letter)[1]
In Akkadian:[2]
• Salimatu 'alliance'
• Salimu 'peace, concord'
• Shalamu 'to be(come) whole, safe; to recover; to succeed, prosper'.
• Shulmu 'health, well-being'; also a common greeting
Arabic
"Salām"
The Arabic word salām is used in a variety of expressions and contexts in Arabic and Islamic
speech and writing. "Al-Salām" is one of the 99 names of God in Islam, and also a male given
name in conjunction with ʻabd. ʻAbd al-Salām translates to 'Slave of Allah the All-Peaceable'.
'salām 'Peace سلام •
'as-salāmu ʿalaykum 'Peace be upon you السلام عليكم •
'Islām 'submission, entrusting one's wholeness to another إسلام •
'muslim 'One who submits مسلم •
'taslīm – 'delivering SLM – to give a salutation or a submission تسليم •
,mustaslim – 'wanting to receive SLM' – no longer seeking opposition/conflict مستسلم •
the one who has submitted
,sālim – 'subject of SLM' – its SLM, 'the vase is SLM', 'the vase is whole سالم •
unbroken'
'musallam – 'undisputed مسلم •
• Catholic Church / Vatican: in the rosary: السلام عليك يا مريم as-salām ʻalayki yā
Maryam 'Hail Mary'.
In Maltese:
• Sliem – 'peace'
• Sellem – 'to greet, to salute'
Arabic Islām
Further information: Islam § Etymology and meaning
The word إسلام Islām is a verbal noun derived from s-l-m, meaning "submission" (i.e. entrusting
one's wholeness to another), which may be interpreted as humility. "One who submits" is
signified by the participle مسلم, Muslim (fem. مسلمة, muslimah).[3]
The word is given a number of meanings in the Qur'an. In some verses (āyāt), the quality of
Islam as an internal conviction is stressed: "Whomsoever God desires to guide, He expands his
breast to Islam."[4] Other verses connect islām and dīn (usually translated as "religion"): "Today,
I have perfected your religion (dīn) for you; I have completed My blessing upon you; I have
approved Islam for your religion."[5] Still others describe Islam as an action of returning to
God—more than just a verbal affirmation of faith.[6]
Given names
See also: Arabic name
• Salam (Arabic: سلام Salām)
• Salman (Arabic: سلمان Salmān)
• Salim (Arabic: سالم Sālim)
• Selim (Arabic: سليم, originally: Salīm)
• Suleim (Arabic: سليم Sulaym)
• Suleiman (Arabic: سليمان Sulaymān)
Northwest Semitic
"Shalom"
"Shlama/Shlomo in (top) Madnkhaya, (middle) Serto, and (bottom) Estrangela script."
Further information: Shalim
The Koine Greek New Testament text uses eirēnē (εἰρήνη) for 'peace',[7] which perhaps[citation
needed] represents Jesus saying šlama; this Greek form became the northern feminine name Irene.
In the Epistles, it often occurs alongside the usual Greek greeting chairein (χαίρειν) in the phrase
'grace and peace'. However, comparison of the Greek Septuagint and Hebrew Masoretic Old
Testament texts shows some instances where shalom was translated instead as soteria (σωτηρία,
meaning 'salvation').[citation needed]
In Hebrew:
• Shalom
• Mushlam (מושלם) – perfect
• Shalem (שלם) – whole, complete
• Lehashlim (להשלים) – to complete, fill in
• Leshallem (לשלם) – to pay
• Tashlum (תשלום) – payment
• Shillumim (שילומים) – reparations
• Lehishtallem (להשתלם) – to be worth it, to "pay"
• Absalom (אבשלום) – a personal name, literally means 'Father [of] Peace'.
In Aramaic:
• Shlama – 'peace'
• Shalmuta
Given names
• Shlomi (Hebrew: שלומי or שלמי)
• Solomon, Shlomo (Hebrew: שלמה)
• Shlomit (Hebrew: שלומית), Salome
See also
• Names of Jerusalem
References
1.
• William L. Moran. The Amarana letters. p. 43. ISBN 0-8018-6715-0.
• • Huehnergard, J. (2005). A Grammar of Akkadian. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.
• • Entry for šlm, p. 2067, Appendix B: Semitic Roots, The American Heritage Dictionary of
the English Language, 4th ed., Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000, ISBN 0-618-08230-
1.
• • Quran 6:125, Quran 61:7, Quran 39:22
• • Quran 5:3, Quran 3:19, Quran 3:83
• • See:
• Quran 9:74, Quran 49:14
• L. Gardet; J. Jomier. "Islam". Encyclopaedia of Islam Online.
7. • Lk 24:36; Jn 20:19,26; vide NA27 per sy.
External links
• The dictionary definition of Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/*šalām- at Wiktionary
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0-L-M