~ Marge Bloom ~ - Brevard Public Schoolselementarypgms.sp.brevardschools.org/Home/Writing...• This...

What do you notice? Where is the verb?

What makes this sentence Masterfully superb?

What do you notice? See what its parts do.

Which words make this sentence Appeal to you?

Look at the sentence;

Observe its construction. Consider each word

And study its function.

Look closely to see How the writer places

Each of the words, The clauses and phrases.

Now imitate the pattern

With your words, one by one; And build your own sentence.

Now wasn’t that fun?

~ Marge Bloom ~

Developing Sentence Imitation Page 2

Tab le of Conten ts

Rationale ~ Implementing Sentence Imitation 4

Sentence Types 5

Sentence Construction 6-8

Common Core State Standards ~ Conventions 9-11

David’s New Friends by Pat Mora 12-16

Mr. Putter and Tabby Pour the Tea by Cynthia Rylant 17-21

Fighting the Fire by Time for Kids 22-26

Meet Rosina by George Ancona 27-31

My Name is Yoon by Helen Recorvits 32-36

Freckle Juice by Judy Blume 37-41

The Tiny Seed by Eric Carle 42-46

A Harbor Seal Pup Grows Up by Joan Hewett 47-51

A Trip to the Emergency Room by Time for Kids 52-56

Farfallina and Marcel by Holly Keller 57-61

There’s Nothing Like Baseball by Angela Johnson 62-66

Cam Jansen and the Mystery of the Dinosaur Bones by David A. Adler 67-71

Head, Body, Legs retold by Won-Ldy Paye and Margaret H. Lippert 72-76

Officer Buckle and Gloria by Peggy Rathmann 77-81

Meet the Super Croc by Time for Kids 82-86

Dancing as a Team by Sharon Dennis Wyeth 87-91

Click, Clack, Moo, Cows That Type by Doreen Cronin 92-96


Monday with a Mad Genius by Mary Pope Osborne 97-101

Splish! Splash! Animal Baths by April Pulley Sayre 102-106

Goose’s Story by Cari Best 107-111

A Way to Help Planet Earth by Time for Kids 112-116

Super Storms by Seymour Simon 117-121

Nutnkik, the Wolf Pup by Jean Craighead George 122-126

Nate the Great and the Musical Note by Marjorie and Craig Sharmat 127-131

Dig Wait Listen: A Desert Toad’s Tale by April Pulley Sayre 132-136

Pushing Up the Sky by Joseph Bruchac 137-141

Columbus Explores New Land by Time for Kids 142-146

The Ugly Vegetables by Grace Lin 147-151

The Moon by Seymour Simon 152-156

Mostly Monty by Johanna Hurwitz 157-161

Mice and Beans by Pam Munoz Ryan 162-166

Stirring Up Memories by Pam Munoz Ryan 167-171

Music of the Stone Age by Time for Kids 172-176

African American Inventors by Jim Haskins 177-181

Babu’s Song by Stephanie Stuve-Bodeen 182-186

Nate the Great On the Owl Express by Marjorie and Craig Sharmat 187-191

Acknowledgements 192


Deve loping Sentence Imita tion

Rationa le

• This book was designed to provide quick daily lessons in grammar, conventions, and craft by noticing sentence patterns from literature and imitating those patterns in writing.

• Each lesson works in conjunction with daily grammar lessons in the reading series. For example, Day 1 of Unit 1 may teach subject and predicates. Therefore this book’s first lesson would also point out subjects and predicates. If a lesson was about semicolons, then the mentor sentence used in this book would be one that showcases semicolons.

• For Week 6, the review week, popular chapter books were used, pulling sentences to review the prior five weeks of lessons in that unit.

• Regardless of whether you use the reading series or not, the sentences reflect the Common Core State Standards in Language (conventions, vocabulary).

• Please note – There is no need to “parse” each sentence down to its individual parts of speech. The “What Do You Notice” section of each page does provide a more extensive list of notable phrases, clauses, parts of speech, skills, etc. but does so in order to encompass all that might be noticed. The point of “noticing” each sentence is to see how grammar and conventions are used.

Implementing Sentence Imitation

1. Put the sentence from literature on the doc cam (top sentence of the page). 2. Ask the students, “What do you notice about the sentence?” 3. Students may notice everything from conventions, grammar, skills, and tone, to

craft. 4. Since each sentence follows the reading series and the skills correspond to the

ones being taught in the series, you might lead your students to notice that skill that you want them to imitate.

5. After students have pointed out what they have noticed, show the “imitation” sentence (either the one provided for you in this book or one of your own) and ask them, “What do you notice about this sentence?”

6. Finally, ask the students to write their own sentence based on this pattern.


Sentence Types

Simple

1 Independent clause

Maurice swims in the summer.

Maurice and Billy swim at the pool in the summer.

Yesterday after school, Maurice and Billy

swam and played in the pool.

Compound

Independent clause +

Coordinating conjunction +

Independent clause

Maurice took skiing lessons, but Billy took swimming lessons.

OR

Independent clause

+ ; (semicolon)

+ Independent clause

Maurice took skiing lessons; Billy took swimming lessons.

Complex

Dependent clause,+ Independent clause

When Maurice took skiing lessons, Tom

took swimming lessons.

OR Independent clause,+

Dependent clause

OR Split independent clause, +

Dependent clause,+ Split independent clause

Maurice, who longed to ski, took lessons.

Compound-Complex

Independent clause,+ Dependent clause,+

Coordinating conjunction (or ;) + Independent clause

Independent Clause

Maurice worked toward the goal that he formulated as a child, and

he learned to ski.

Dependent clause

Independent Clause


Sentence Construction Clause – a syntactic construction, containing a subject and predicate, forming part of a sentence or constituting a whole simple sentence. Dependent Claus es (Subordina te Claus es )

Noun Claus e – a subordinate clause that functions as a noun and has a subject and verb and follows one of the words in the chart below:

how, however where, whether whom, whomever that which, whichever whose

what, whether who, whoever why, when Adjective Clause – a subordinate clause that functions as an adjective and has a subject and verb that follows one of the relative pronouns in the chart below:

who whose whom which that when where

Adverb Clause – a subordinate clause that functions as an adverb and has a subject and verb and follows one of subordinating conjunctions in the chart below (these are used most often - AAAWWWUBBIS):

as after although when whenever while until because if since

Phrase - a sequence of two or more words that does not contain a finite verb or a subject (e.g. Prepositional phrase -After many months and many wrinkled papers, …) Func tions of a Noun

1. subject 2. direct object 3. indirect object 4. predicate nominative 5. object of the preposition 6. appositive 7. object compliment

http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/verb�


P ronouns Subjective (Nominative) Objective Possessive

I me my, mine he him his she her her, hers

it it its we us our, ours you you your, yours they them their, theirs who whom whose

Demonstrative

this that these those

Indefinite Singular Plural Either

another everyone other both all anybody everything one few any anyone neither somebody many most anything nobody someone ones none

each no one something others some everybody nothing several

Reflexive

Singular Plural myself ourselves

yourself yourselves himself, herself, itself themselves

Relative

who whose whom which that when where


Verbs Linking Verbs

am are be been being is was were Helping Verbs

am are is was were be being been have had has have did do does can could may might must shall should will would

The verbs in this row may act as linking verbs (stand alone) or as helping verbs (with another verb). Verbals Gerund – verb acting as a noun (Skiing offers John a sense of freedom.) Infinitive – to + verb (To exercise regularly promotes wellness.) Participle – verb acting as an adjective (Driving wildly, Daren sped down the road.) Conjunctions Coordinating - FANBOYS – for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Subordinating - AAAWWWUBBIS – as, although, after, when, whenever, while, until, because, before, if, since Coorelative - both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, not…but, whether…or Prepositions Note – prepositional phrases always have an object (pronoun, noun) of the preposition (e.g. Aboard the bus, we took our seats.) aboard before during onto underneath about behind except out until above below for outside unto across beneath from over up after beside in past upon against besides inside since with along between into through within amid but (except) near till around by of to as concerning off toward at down on under

*

*

*


Common Core Sta te S tandards

~ Conventions ~

Second grade – Red

Third grade – Red, Green

Fourth Grade – Red, Green , Blue

Nouns

• Plural (orally by adding /s/ or /es/ • Common, proper, possessive • Noun ~ verb agreement • Collective nouns (e.g. group) • Irregular plural nouns • Abstract nouns (e.g. childhood)

P ronouns

• Personal (I, we, you, he she, it they), possessive (his, hers, my, theirs, ours, yours, mine), indefinite (some, somebody, anybody, nobody…)

• Reflexive pronouns (myself, ourselves…) • Relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) • Pronoun ~ antecedent agreement

Verbs

• Tenses – past, present, future • Irregular verbs (e.g. sat, hid, told) • Subject ~verb agreement

Adjectives

• Comparative • Superlative • Order according to conventional patterns (e.g. a small red bag instead of a red

small bag)


Adverbs • Comparative (e.g. quicker, faster,…) • Superlative (e.g. quickest, fastest, …)

Conjunctions

• Coordinating (FANBOYS - for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) • Subordinating (AAAWWWUBBIS – as, although, after, when, whenever, while,

until, because, before, if, since) Determiners

• Articles (an, a, the) • Demonstratives (this, that, these, those, none, neither)

Prepositions

• Words • Phrases

Modal Auxiliaries

• (e.g. can, may, must) Types of Sentences

• Declarative • Interrogative • Imperative • Exclamatory

• Simple • Complex • Compound

Spelling

• Spell simple words phonetically • Spelling patterns and generalizations • Conventional spelling for high-frequency words • Suffixes added to base words


Punctuation • Ending punctuation • Dates • Series of commas • Greetings, closing of letters • Addresses • Quotation marks in dialogue • Before a coordinating conjunction in a compound sentence • Choose for effect • Apostrophes

o Contractions o Possessives

Capitalizations

• First word in a sentence • Pronoun “I” • Dates • Names of people • Holidays • Product names • Geographic names • Appropriate words in a title

Vocabulary

• Relate words to their opposites (antonyms) • Use affixes and inflections • Shades of meaning among verbs (e.g. look, peek, glance, stare, glare, …) • Adverb intensity (e.g. large, gigantic) • Closely related adjectives and adverbs • Degrees of mind (e.g. knew, believed, suspected, heard, wondered) • Distinguish literal and nonliteral meanings of words and phrases in context (e.g.

take steps) • Similes • Metaphors • Adages/Proverbs (two wrongs don’t make a right, a watched pot never boils) • Synonyms


My mom is a teacher.

David’s New Friends by Pat Mora

What do you notice?

• My is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.

• This is a declarative sentence (statement).

• Mom is the subject of the sentence.

• Is is the verb.

Possible Teacher Imitation

My pet is a dog.


Mom drives me to school.


What do you notice?

• Mom is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.


• Mom is the subject of the sentence.

• Drives is the present tense verb.

• To school is the prepositional phrase – to is the preposition.


My dad drives me to the library.


Where is the chalk?

Adapted from David’s New Friends by Pat Mora

What do you notice?

• Where is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.

• This is an interrogative sentence (question) so it ends with a question mark.

• Chalk is the subject of the sentence.

• Is is the present tense verb.


Where is the eraser?


I like this teacher.


What do you notice?

• I is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.

• I is a personal pronoun.


• I is the subject of the sentence.

• Like is the present tense verb.


I love this kitten.


He runs under desks.


What do you notice?

• He is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.

• He is a personal pronoun.


• He is the subject of the sentence.

• Runs is the present tense verb.

• Under desks is a prepositional phrase - under is the preposition.


She races under chairs.


Do you have any cats?

Adapted from Mr. Putter & Tabby Pour the Tea by Cynthia Rylant

What do you notice?

• Do is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.

• You is a personal pronoun.

• This is an interrogative sentence (question) so it ends with a question mark.

• You is the subject of the sentence.

• Have is the present tense verb.

• Cats is a plural noun.


Do you have any pencils?


I want a cat!


What do you notice?


• I is a personal pronoun.

• This is an exclamatory sentence so it ends with an exclamation mark.


• Want is the present tense verb.


I crave a cookie!


Is the cat old?


What do you notice?

• Is is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.

• This is an interrogative sentence so it ends with a question mark.

• Cat is the subject of the sentence.

• Is is the present tense verb.


Is the teacher funny?


Mr. Putter, go see the cats at the shelter.


What do you notice?

• Mr. is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.

• Mr. is also a title for a man so it is always capitalized and always ends in a

period.

• This is an imperative (command) sentence so it ends with a period.

• Mr. Putter is the direct address.

• You is the understood subject.

• Go is the present tense verb.

• At the shelter is a prepositional phrase - at is the preposition.


Mrs. Jones, go look at the hamsters in the cage.


Eat the muffin, Kelly.


What do you notice?

• Eat is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.

• Kelly is a proper noun so it is capitalized.

• Kelly is the direct address.

• This is an imperative (command) sentence so it ends with a period.

• You is the understood subject.

• Eat is the present tense verb.

• A comma separates Kelly from the sentence to show that she is being directly

addressed.


Gobble the vegetables, Sam.


A firehouse is a good place to work.

Adapted from Firehouse Friendships by Time for Kids

What do you notice?

• A is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.


• Firehouse is the subject of the sentence.

• Firehouse is a compound word.

• Is is the verb.

• To work is an infinitive (to + verb).


A school is a good place to learn.


A fire was close.


What do you notice?

• A is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.


• Fire is the subject of the sentence.

• Was is the verb.


A storm was near.


The helicopters get to the fire faster than the trucks.


What do you notice?

• The is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.


• Helicopters is the subject of the sentence and is plural.

• Get is the verb.

• Faster has –er on the end of “fast” to show a comparison between the helicopters

and the trucks (this is a comparative adjective).

• Than helps compare - it is different from “then” which is a time word.

• To the fire is a prepositional phrase - to is the preposition.

• Than the trucks is a prepositional phrase – than is a preposition when used to

compare


Cars move slower than airplanes can fly.


The fire is hotter than plants can tolerate.


What do you notice?



• Fire is the subject of the sentence.

• Is is the verb.

• Hotter has –er on the end of “hot” to show a comparison between the fire and the

temperature that is best for plants and is a comparative adjective.

• Than helps compare-it is different from “then” which is a time word.

• Plants is a plural noun.

• Prepositional phrase – than plants can tolerate (than functions as a preposition

when it compares)


The northern states are colder than the southern

states in winter.


The fireman’s ladder is the tallest ladder in the store!


What do you notice?


• This is an exclamatory sentence.

• Ladder is the subject of the sentence.

• Is is the verb.

• Tallest has –est on the end of “tall” to show a superlative comparison between

the ladders. It is a superlative adjective.

• Fireman’s has an apostrophe to show the ladder belongs to the fireman. This is a

possessive noun.


The fireman’s truck is the reddest truck in the

parking lot!


We study math, writing, reading, and art.

Meet Rosina by George Ancona

What do you notice?

• We is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.


• We is the subject of the sentence.

• Study is the verb.

• Study math, writing, reading, and art is the complete predicate.

• Commas are used to separate the list of what is studied: math, writing, reading,

art.

• And is used after the last comma and before the final list item to connect the list

items together.


We learn counting, adding, subtracting, and

multiplying in math.


Our librarian, Hedy, signs stories from the books in the library.


What do you notice?

• Our is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.

• Our is a personal possessive pronoun.


• Librarian is the subject of the sentence.

• Signs is the verb.

• Signs stories from the books in the library is the complete predicate.

• Commas are used to separate the appositive, “Hedy,” from the rest of the

sentence because it renames the noun (librarian).

• From the books in the library adds an important detail to the sentence (and is a

prepositional phrase). The preposition is from.


Our teacher, Mrs. Anderson, reads stories from

books in our classroom.


The story can make us feel sad, scared, worried, or happy.


What do you notice?


• Us is an objective pronoun.


• Story is the subject of the sentence.

• Can make is the verb phrase.

• Commas are used to separate the list of emotions: sad, scared, worried, or

happy.

• Or is used to connect the final emotion in the list and to show that one emotion at

a time was felt.


The movie can make us feel happy, silly, excited, or

scared.


After the game, we wanted to celebrate.

Adapted from Meet Rosina by George Ancona

What do you notice?

• After is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.

• We is a subjective pronoun.



• Wanted is the past tense verb (ending in –ed).

• Wanted to celebrate is the complete predicate.

• After the game, is a transition that shows movement through time.

• To celebrate is an infinitive (to + verb).


After the movie, we wanted to eat dinner.


This year I am playing rugby.


What do you notice?

• This is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.

• I is a subjective pronoun.

• I am the subject of the sentence.

• This year sets the sentence in time.


• Am playing is the present tense verb phrase.

• Am playing rugby is the complete predicate.

• Playing is formed by adding –ing to the word “play.”


Tomorrow I am singing in the school play.


My mother would find me and cuddle up close to me.

My Name is Yoon by Helen Recorvits

What do you notice?

• My is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.


• Mother is the subject of the sentence.

• Would find is the verb phrase.

• Would find me and cuddle up close to me is the complete compound predicate.

• And is a conjunction.

• My is a possessive pronoun.

• Me is a pronoun.


My father would hug me and carry me around on his

shoulders.


I would close my eyes and mew quietly. My Name is Yoon by Helen Recorvits

What do you notice?


• I is a pronoun and the subject of the sentence.


• Would close and mew is the compound verb.

• Would close my eyes and mew quietly is the complete compound predicate.




I would tilt my head and smile sweetly.


I sat by the window and watched a little robin hop, hop in the yard.


What do you notice?




• Sat and watched is the compound verb.

• Sat by the window and watched a little robin hop, hop in the yard is the complete

compound predicate.


• By the window and in the yard are prepositional phrases-by and in are the

prepositions.

• Watched is an inflected verb with an –ed ending.


I sat in the chair and watched the rain drip, drip

down the window.


I lowered my head and peeked at her. My Name is Yoon by Helen Recorvits

What do you notice?




• Lowered and peeked is the compound verb.

• Lowered my head and peeked at her is the complete compound predicate.


• At her is a prepositional phrase-at is the preposition.

• Lowered and peeked are inflected verbs with –ed endings.


She lowered her eyes and whispered to me.


Suddenly, she jumped off the swing and ran over to me.


What do you notice?

• Suddenly is capitalized because it is the beginning of the sentence.

• She is a pronoun and the subject of the sentence.


• Jumped and ran is the compound verb.

• Jumped off the swing and ran over to me is the complete compound predicate.


• Me is a pronoun.

• Off the swing and over to me are prepositional phrases - off and over are the

prepositions.

• Suddenly is a transition word that signals movement through time in the story

and is an adverb.

• Jumped is an inflected verb with an –ed ending.


Suddenly, he jumped from the swing and raced

around the playground.


Will you please pick up your chair and join your reading group?

Adapted from Freckle Juice by Judy Blume

from page 8

What do you notice?

• You is a pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Will pick and join is the compound verb (will is a helping verb).

• It’s an interrogative sentence so it ends with a question mark.

• This sentence combines two ideas: pick up your chair and join your reading

group.

• Prepositional phrase – up your chair, preposition is up

• Your is a possessive pronoun.


Will you please pack up your lunch and get ready for

school?


Sharon’s tongue reminded Andrew of a frog catching flies.


from page 10

What do you notice?

• Sharon’s is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Sharon and Andrew are proper nouns.

• Sharon’s is possessive - the ‘s indicates that the tongue belongs to Sharon.

• Tongue is the subject of the sentence.

• Reminded is the past tense verb in the sentence so –ed is added to remind.

• This is a declarative sentence.

• Catching flies adds important information to the sentence because it helps the

reader understand the comparison between Sharon’s tongue and a frog.

• Prepositional phrase – of a frog, preposition is of


Suzette’s curls reminded Shawn of a bunch of

springs bouncy up and down.


Andrew had never heard of freckle juice before!


from page 10

What do you notice?

• Andrew is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Andrew is a proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Had heard is the past tense verb phrase in the sentence.

• Never is an adverb.


• Naming freckle juice uses precise language and gives specific information to help

the reader understand what Andrew had not heard of before.

• Prepositional phrase – of freckle juice, preposition is of


Samson had never heard of cactus jelly before!


Andrew raced to school.


from page 10

What do you notice?

• Andrew is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Andrew is a proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Raced is the past tense verb in the sentence (-ed is added to race).


• To school is a prepositional phrase - to is the preposition.

• The word raced is more precise than “ran” and helps to paint a picture in the

reader’s mind.


Joshua leaped on his bike and sped to the store.


Don’t forget to wash your neck and behind your ears.

Freckle Juice by Judy Blume

from page 10

What do you notice?

• Don’t is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Don’t is a contraction for “do not.”

• You is the understood subject of the sentence.

• This is an imperative sentence.

• Do forget is the verb phrase.

• To wash is an infinitive.



• Behind your ears is the prepositional phrase, preposition - behind


Don’t forget to eat your turkey sandwich and your

red apple.


One of the seeds flies higher than others.

The Tiny Seed by Eric Carle

What do you notice?

• One is a singular common noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Flies is the verb in the sentence.

• Higher is an adverb.

• Prepositional phrase- of the seeds, than others, preposition is of, than (than is

only a preposition if compares)

• This is a simple sentence.


One of the balloons flies lower than the others.


Another seed lands on a tall and icy mountain. The Tiny Seed by Eric Carle

What do you notice?

• Seed is a singular common noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Lands is the verb in the sentence.

• Another is an adjective.

• Prepositional phrase- on a tall and icy mountain, preposition is on



Another crumb sits on a crunchy and salty cracker.


Billy has picked the flower to give to a friend.

Adapted from The Tiny Seed by Eric Carle

What do you notice?

• Billy is a singular proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Has picked is the verb phrase in the sentence.

• The is an article adjective.

• Prepositional phrase- to a friend, preposition is to

• To give is an infinitive (to + verb).



Sarah has plucked the carrot to give to her mom.


All summer long the birds, bees, and butterflies come visiting.

Adapted from The Tiny Seed by Eric Carle

What do you notice?

• Birds, bees, and butterflies are common plural nouns and the compound subject

of the sentence.

• Come is the verb in the sentence.

• Visiting is a gerund (a verb with –ing added that acts like a noun).

• The sentence has commas in a series.

• All is a pronoun.

• Long is an adjective.




All spring long the cousins, friends, and neighbors

come visiting.


The flower has lost almost all of its petals.

The Tiny Seed by Eric Carle

What do you notice?

• Flower is a common singular noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Has lost is the verb phrase in the sentence.

• Almost is an adverb.

• All is a pronoun.


• Prepositional phrase- of its petals, preposition is of



The tree has lost almost all of its leaves.


Sidney stays close to her mother. A Harbor Seal Pup Grows Up by Joan Hewett

What do you notice?

• Sidney is a singular proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Stays is the verb in the sentence.

• Close is an adverb.

• Prepositional phrase- to her mother, preposition - to

• Simple declarative sentence


Rover stays close to his owner.


Waves crash on the rocky beach. A Harbor Seal Pup Grows Up by Joan Hewett

What do you notice?

• Waves is a plural common noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Crash is the verb in the sentence.

• Prepositional phrase- on the rocky beach, preposition-on

• This is a simple declarative sentence.


Rover dashes across the smooth street.


The seal pup waits for her mother. A Harbor Seal Pup Grows Up by Joan Hewett

What do you notice?

• Pup is a singular common noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Waits is the verb in the sentence.

• Seal is an adjective.


• Prepositional phrase- for her mother, preposition-for



The striped kitten clings to her momma.


Then Nicole pumps a drink into Sidney’s stomach.

A Harbor Seal Pup Grows Up by Joan Hewett

What do you notice?

• Nicole is a singular proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Pumps is the verb in the sentence.

• Then is an adjective.

• A is an article adjective.

• Drink is a common noun.

• Prepositional phrase- into Sidney’s stomach, preposition- into



Then Anthony pours a soda into Alex’s cup.


They carry Sidney onto a boat. A Harbor Seal Pup Grows Up by Joan Hewett

What do you notice?

• They is a plural pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Carry is the verb in the sentence.

• Sidney is a proper noun.

• Prepositional phrase- onto a boat, preposition-onto

• Simple declarative sentence.


We haul Terry into the pick-up.


Ambulances and people arrive there during the day and night.

A Trip to the Emergency Room by Time for Kids

What do you notice?

• Ambulances and people are plural nouns and the compound subject of the

sentence.

• Arrive is the verb in the sentence.

• And is a coordinating conjunction.

• There is an adverb.

• Prepositional phrase- during the day and night, preposition- during



People and pets arrive there throughout the morning

and afternoon.


The Parrish Medical Center emergency room can be a busy place.

Adapted from A Trip to the Emergency Room by Time for Kids

What do you notice?

• Room is the common noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Can be is the verb phrase in the sentence.


• Parrish Medical Center is a proper noun and must be capitalized.

• Busy is an adjective.

• Place is a common noun.

• Simple declarative sentence


Holmes General Medical Center is a very crowded

place.


The doctor knows how to fix Shanika’s broken bone.


What do you notice?

• Doctor is a singular noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Knows is the verb in the sentence.

• Shanika is a proper noun.

• Shanika’s is a possessive proper noun.

• Broken is an adjective.

• Bone is a common noun.

.


The teacher knows how to fix Harry’s spelling errors.


Dr. Jennings looks at your chart and checks your injury.


What do you notice?

• Dr.Jennings is a proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Proper nouns are capitalized.

• Looks and checks is the compound verb in the sentence.

• Dr. is the abbreviation for the word doctor (note the (.) after dr).

• Prepositional phrase- at your chart, preposition- at

• Injury is a common noun.




Mrs. Fantico peers at your paper and checks

grammar.


Phillip may use a wheelchair to take you from one area to another.


What do you notice?

• Phillip is a proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Proper nouns are capitalized.

• May use is the verb phrase in the sentence.


• To take is an infinitive (to + verb).

• Prepositional phrases- from one area, to another, prepositions - from, to

• Wheelchair is a compound word.



Brian might use a gurney to take you from the

emergency room to X-ray.


A small gray bird was huddled underneath the broad leaf.

Adapted from Farfallina & Marcel by Holly Keller

What do you notice?

• Bird is a singular common noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Was huddled is the verb phrase in the sentence.

• A and the are article adjectives.

• Small, gray, and broad are adjectives.

• Underneath is an adverb.

• Leaf is a common noun.



The big brown bug was stuck underneath the little

twig.


It splattered on the pond and splashed on Farfallina’s leaf.

Farfallina & Marcel by Holly Keller

What do you notice?

• It is a singular subjective pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Splattered and splashed is the compound verb in the sentence.


• Prepositional phrases- on the pond, on Farfallina’s leaf, preposition - on

• Farfallina is a singular possessive proper noun.



It scurried down the path and skipped across the

creek.


Quietly Farallina sat beneath the leaf. Adapted from Farfallina & Marcel by Holly Keller

What do you notice?

• Farallina is the subject of the sentence.

• Sat is the verb in the sentence.

• Prepositional phrases- beneath the leaf, preposition - beneath

• Farfallina is a proper noun.

• Quietly is an adverb.



Loudly Billy ran through the halls.


Marcel’s friend was in her cocoon slowly growing.

Adapted from Farfallina & Marcel by Holly Keller

What do you notice?

• Friend is a singular noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Was is the verb in the sentence.

• Marcel’s is a singular possessive proper noun.

• Prepositional phrase- in her cocoon, preposition- in

• Slowly is an adverb.



Beth’s friend was in her room quickly studying.


Night came and then morning, but Farfallina didn’t come down.

Farfallina & Marcel by Holly Keller

What do you notice?

• Compound sentence- two independent clauses joined by a coordinating

conjunction (but).

• The subject of the first independent clause is night and the verb is came.

• The subject of the second independent clause is Farfallina and the verb phrase is

did come.

• Farfallina is a proper noun.


• Didn’t is a contraction for did not.


Noon came and then midnight, but Henrietta didn’t

go home.


I swing imaginary bats and wait for the light to change.

There’s Nothing Like Baseball by Angela Johnson

What do you notice?

• I is a singular subjective pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Swing and wait is the compound verb in the sentence.

• Bats is a common noun.

• Imaginary is an adjective.


• Prepositional phrase- for the light, preposition- for

• To change is an infinitive (to + verb).



I walk invisible dogs and wait for my friends to come.


I play on Rex’s House of Fins and Fur baseball team.


What do you notice?


• Play is the verb in the sentence.

• Rex’s is a singular possessive proper noun.

• Prepositional phrase- on Rex’s House of Fins and Fur baseball team,

preposition- on



I play on Tim’s Little Caesars Pizza basketball team.


Jamal’s greatest hope is to be the team’s starting shortstop.

Adapted from There’s Nothing Like Baseball by Angela Johnson

What do you notice?

• Hope is the subject of the sentence.

• Is is the verb in the sentence.

• To be is the infinitive (to + verb).

• Jamal’s is a singular possessive proper noun acting as an adjective.

• Team’s is a singular possessive common noun acting as an adjective.

• Shortstop is a compound word.



Parker’s biggest dream is to be the school’s morning

announcer.


The coach holds a meeting after practice.


What do you notice?

• Coach is the subject of the sentence.

• Holds is the verb in the sentence.

• Subject verb agreement - coach holds

• Meeting is a common noun.

• After practice is the prepositional phrase, after is the preposition



The teachers hold a conference when they’re

finished.


Greg’s oiled glove and wooden baseball bat sat on the old park bench.

Adapted from There’s Nothing Like Baseball by Angela Johnson

What do you notice?

• Glove and bat is the compound subject of the sentence.

• Sat is the verb in the sentence.

• Greg’s is a singular possessive proper noun acting as an adjective.

• Oiled and wooden are adjectives.

• Prepositional phrase- on the old park bench, preposition - on



Shana’s white knee pads and fluorescent green

volleyball lie in the grass.


Cam’s mental camera is her memory.

Cam Jansen and the Mystery of the Dinosaur Bones by David A. Adler

from page 3

What do you notice?

• Camera is the subject of the sentence.

• Is is the verb in the sentence.

• Cam’s is a singular possessive proper noun acting as an adjective.

• Mental is an adjective.

• Her is a possessive pronoun.

• Memory is a common noun.



Pam’s amazing horse is her best friend.


There was a drop of mustard on his collar.


from page 4

What do you notice?

• Drop is the subject of the sentence.



• Prepositional phrases- of mustard, on his collar, preposition- of, on



There was a blob of hot sauce on his shirt.


Eric reached into the bag again and took out two postcards.


from page 19

What do you notice?

• Eric is the subject of the sentence.

• Reached and took is the compound verb in the sentence.


• Prepositional phrase-into the bag, preposition - into


• Two is an adjective.

• Postcard is a compound word and a common noun.



Bob looked into the desk again and took out three

pencils.


Eric snatched two cards.


from page 19

What do you notice?

• Eric is the subject of the sentence.

• Snatched is the verb in the sentence.

• Two is an adjective.

• Cards is a common noun.



Bob grabbed two bikes.


Cam and Eric quickly walked through the museum.


from page 20

What do you notice?

• Cam and Eric is the compound subject of the sentence.

• Walked is the verb in the sentence.

• Quickly is an adverb.


• Prepositional phrase-through the museum, preposition- through




Jack and Jill slowly strolled through the classroom.


They bounced down the bank into the river. Head, Body, Legs retold by Won-Ldy Paye and Margaret H. Lippert

What do you notice?



• They is a personal pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Bounced is the past-tense verb.

• Down the bank is a prepositional phrase- down is the preposition.

• Into the river is a prepositional phrase- into is the preposition.


They rolled down the hill and into the river.


I can show you where to go, and you can help us reach those mangoes.

Head, Body, Legs retold by Won-Ldy Paye and Margaret H. Lippert

What do you notice?


• This is a compound sentence.

• I is a personal pronoun and the subject of the first independent clause, can show

is the verb phrase.

• You is a personal pronoun and the subject of the second independent clause,

can help is the verb phrase.

• A comma and the conjunction and separate the clauses.


I can show you where the candy is, and you can

help us get some.


Everyone slid into place. Head, Body, Legs retold by Won-Ldy Paye and Margaret H. Lippert

What do you notice?



• Everyone is an indefinite pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Slid is the past-tense irregular verb.

• Into place is a prepositional phrase- into is the preposition.


Everyone came to my house.


He had no legs, no arms, no body. Head, Body, Legs retold by Won-Ldy Paye and Margaret H. Lippert

What do you notice?



• He is a personal pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Had is the past-tense irregular verb.

• Commas separate words in a series.

• No is an adjective.

• The author chose not to use the coordinating conjunction and after arms in order

to speed the flow of this series of words.


He had no breakfast, no lunch, no dinner.


He fell asleep and dreamed of sweet cherries.

Head, Body, Legs retold by Won-Ldy Paye and Margaret H. Lippert

What do you notice?




• Fell and dreamed are the past-tense verbs, fell is also an irregular verb.

• Of sweet cherries is a prepositional phrase- of is the preposition.

• Sweet is an adjective describing the cherries.


She fell asleep and dreamed of chocolate chip

cookies.


The children sat up and stared. Officer Buckle and Gloria by Peggy Rathmann

What do you notice?



• Children is the subject of the sentence.

• Sat and stared are the past-tense verbs, sat is an irregular verb.


The baby sat up and smiled.


The children’s eyes popped. Officer Buckle and Gloria by Peggy Rathmann

What do you notice?



• Eyes is the subject of the sentence.

• Popped is the past-tense verb.

• There is an apostrophe used to show possession in the word children’s.


The dog’s ears drooped.


You NEVER leave a THUMBTACK on a chair.

Apdapted from- Officer Buckle and Gloria by Peggy Rathmann

What do you notice?

• This is a imperative sentence.


• You is the subject of the sentence.

• Leave is the past-tense irregular verb.

• On a chair a prepositional phrase- on is the preposition.

• The author capitalized NEVER and THUMBTACK to emphasize the words.


You NEVER cross the street before looking BOTH

WAYS.


Officer Buckle grinned. Apdapted from Officer Buckle and Gloria by Peggy Rathmann

What do you notice?



• Officer Buckle is the subject of the sentence.

• Grinned is the past-tense verb.

• Officer Buckle is a proper noun.


Officer Spencer laughed.


The children clapped their hands and cheered.

Officer Buckle and Gloria by Peggy Rathmann

What do you notice?



• Children is the subject of the sentence.

• Clapped and cheered is the past-tense compound verb.

• The sentence has been combined.


The dog grabbed his leash and ran.


It lived about 360 million years ago. Meet the Super Croc by Time for Kids

What do you notice?



• It is a personal pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Lived is the past-tense verb.

• About 360 million years later is a prepositional phrase- about is the preposition.


It existed about 20 million years ago.


What kind of animal was it? Meet the Super Croc by Time for Kids

What do you notice?

• This is an interrogative sentence.



• Was is the past-tense irregular verb.

• The sentence has a question mark at the end.


What kind of fish was it?


It has about 100 teeth. Meet the Super Croc by Time for Kids

What do you notice?




• Has is the present-tense irregular verb.

• About 100 teeth is a prepositional phrase – about is the preposition


It has a tail about 20 feet long.


They can only live deep underwater. Meet the Super Croc by Time for Kids

What do you notice?




• Can live is the verb phrase.

• Underwater is a common noun

• Deep is an adjective.


They can only live in warm climates.


The original bones were sent back to the United States.

Meet the Super Croc by Time for Kids

What do you notice?



• Bones is the subject of the sentence.

• Were sent is the past tense irregular verb phrase (were is a helping verb).

• Original is an adjective describing the bones.

• United States is a proper noun.

• To the United States is a prepositional phrase- to is a preposition.


The original paintings were sent back to Italy.


They take dance classes after school. Dancing as a Team by Sharon Dennis Wyeth

What do you notice?




• Take is the present-tense irregular verb.

• Dance is an adjective describing the type of classes.

• After school is a prepositional phrase- after is the preposition.


They take karate lessons on Saturdays.


The teachers help the students learn the steps. Dancing as a Team by Sharon Dennis Wyeth

What do you notice?



• Teachers is a plural noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Help is the present-tense verb.


The vets help the zookeepers learn the feeding

cycles.


Jasper, Whitney, and the other Ailey students were excited in May.

Dancing as a Team by Sharon Dennis Wyeth

What do you notice?



• Jasper, Whitney, and students is the subject of the sentence.

• Were excited is the past-tense verb phrase (were is a helping verb).

• Jasper, Whitney, Ailey, and May are proper nouns.

• In May is a prepositional phrase- in is the preposition.


Megan, Joe, and the other Brevard students were

excited for vacation.


The girls tapped, stomped, and marched to the music.

Dancing as a Team by Sharon Dennis Wyeth

What do you notice?



• Girls is the subject of the sentence.

• Tapped, stomped, and marched are the compound past-tense verbs.

• To the music is a prepositional phrase- to is the preposition.


The children giggled, grinned, and smiled at the

clown.


The students went to the theater. Dancing as a Team by Sharon Dennis Wyeth

What do you notice?



• Students is the subject of the sentence.

• Went is the past-tense irregular verb.

• To the theater is a prepositional phrase- to is the preposition.


The kittens went in the box.


In the background, he heard the cows busy at work.

Click, Clack, Moo, Cows That Type by Doreen Cronin

What do you notice?




• Heard is the past-tense irregular verb.

• In the background is a prepositional phrase- In is the preposition.

• At work is a prepositional phrase- At is the preposition.


After school, she saw the teachers going into a

meeting.


Whoever heard of such a thing? Click, Clack, Moo, Cows That Type by Doreen Cronin

What do you notice?

• This is an interrogative sentence.


• Whoever is a pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Heard is the past-tense irregular verb.

• Of such a thing is a prepositional phrase- of is the preposition.

• A question mark is used at the end of the sentence.


Whoever heard of cows typing?


How can I run a farm with no milk and no eggs!

Click, Clack, Moo, Cows That Type by Doreen Cronin

What do you notice?



• I is a personal pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Can run is the verb phrase.

• With no milk and no eggs is a prepositional phrase- with is the preposition.

• An exclamation mark is used at the end of the sentence.


How can I ride my bike with no helmet and no knee

pads!


Farmer Brown got out his own typewriter. Click, Clack, Moo, Cows That Type by Doreen Cronin

What do you notice?



• Farmer Brown is a proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Got is the past-tense irregular verb.

• Out his own typewriter is a prepositional phrase- out is the preposition.


Farmer Jones got on his own tractor.


He left the blankets next to the barn door and he waited for Duck to come with the

typewriter. Adapted from Click, Clack, Moo, Cows That Type by Doreen Cronin

What do you notice?



• He is a personal pronoun and the subject of both independent clauses.

• Left is the past-tense irregular verb in the first clause.

• Waited is the past-tense verb in the second independent clause.

• The two clauses are connected by the conjunction and.

• To the barn door is a prepositional phrase- to is the preposition.

• To come is an infinitive phrase (to + verb).

• With the typewriter is a prepositional phrase- with is the preposition.

• Duck is a proper noun because it is used as a name.


He went home at 8:00 and he fell asleep on the

couch in the living room.


Jack and Annie dashed up the sidewalk. Monday with a Mad Genius by Mary Pope Osborne

from page 5

What do you notice?

• This is an declarative sentence.


• Jack and Annie are proper nouns and the compound subjects of the sentence.

• Dashed is the past-tense verb.

• Up the sidewalk is a prepositional phrase- up is the preposition.


Marcus and Dwayne bolted down the path.


He had a long nose, kind eyes, and a flowing beard.

Adapted from Monday with a Mad Genius by Mary Pope Osborne

from page 7

What do you notice?




• Had is the past-tense irregular verb.

• Commas in a series are used to separate words in a list.

• Long, kind, and flowing are adjectives.

• Nose, eyes, and beard are common nouns.


She had blonde curls, radiant eyes, and a crooked

smile.


Leonardo put down his basket, untied a small book from his belt, and pulled out a piece of

chalk. Monday with a Mad Genius by Mary Pope Osborne

from page 31

What do you notice?



• Leonardo is the subject of the sentence.

• The sentence has been combined and has a past-tense compound verb: put,

untied, and pulled.

• Down his basket is a prepositional phrase - down is the preposition.

• From his belt is a prepositional phrase - from is the preposition.

• Out a piece is a prepositional phrase - out is the preposition.

• Of chalk is a prepositional phrase - of is the preposition.


Jared put down his pencil, opened up his book, and

pulled out a piece of paper.


A few billowy clouds dotted the sky. Monday with a Mad Genius by Mary Pope Osborne

from page 33

What do you notice?



• Clouds is a plural noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Dotted is the past-tense verb.

• Few and billowy are adjectives describing the clouds.


A few hungry children lined up for dinner.


The birds swooped up and vanished behind the clouds.

Monday with a Mad Genius by Mary Pope Osborne

from page 84

What do you notice?



• Birds is a plural noun and the subject of the sentence.

• The sentence has been combined and has a past-tense compound verb:

swooped and vanished.

• Behind the clouds is a prepositional phrase- behind is the preposition.


The dolphins sprang up and flopped back into the

water.


The ducks are happy.

Adapted from Splish! Splash! Animal Baths by April Pulley Sayre

What do you notice?



• Ducks is a plural noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Are is the linking verb.

• Happy is an adjective.


The pigs are funny.


The fish were excited.


What do you notice?



• Fish is a noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Were excited is the verb phrase.


The monkeys were eager.


It is warm and wonderful.


What do you notice?




• Is is a linking verb.

• Warm and wonderful are adjectives describing how it is.


She is content and happy.


The oxpecker was perched.


What do you notice?



• Oxpecker is the subject of the sentence.

• Was is a linking verb.

• Perched is the verb.


The puppy was asleep.


The chimps were content.


What do you notice?



• Chimps is the subject of the sentence.

• Were is a linking verb.

• Content is a noun.


The horses were delighted.


Some geese are sitting and some are sleeping. Adapted from Goose’s Story by Cari Best

What do you notice?



• Geese is the subject of the first independent clause, some is the subject of the

second independent clause.

• Are sitting is the verb phrase in the first independent clause and are sleeping is

the verb phrase in the second independent clause.

• The independent clauses are joined by the conjunction and.


Some pigs were snorting and others were squealing.


The geese were honking. Adapted from Goose’s Story by Cari Best

What do you notice?



• Geese is the subject of the sentence and an irregular plural noun.

• Were honking is the verb.


The dogs were running.


I am staying and playing in my yard. Adapted from Goose’s Story by Cari Best

What do you notice?




• Am is a helping verb.

• The sentence has been combined and has a compound verb: staying and

playing separated by the conjunction and.

• In my yard is a prepositional phrase- In is the preposition.


I am balancing and walking on the balance beam.


I was watching the goose eat cracked corn. Adapted from Goose’s Story by Cari Best

What do you notice?



• Was watching is the verb phrase.

• Cracked is an adjective describing the type of corn.


He was taking pictures of the goose sleeping.


It will be getting cold soon. Adapted from Goose’s Story by Cari Best

What do you notice?




• Will be getting is the future-tense verb phrase.

• Soon is an adjective describing when it will get cold.


We will be getting a new puppy later.


We could run out of places.

Adapted from A Way to Help Planet Earth by Time for Kids

What do you notice?



• We is a personal pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Could run is the verb phrase.

• Out of places is a prepositional phrase- out is the preposition.


We could find a new place.


A lot of our trash comes from plastic.

A Way to Help Planet Earth by Time for Kids

What do you notice?



• A lot is the subject of the sentence.

• Comes is an irregular verb.

• Of our trash, from plastic are prepositional phrases – of, from are the

prepositions.


A lot of tourists come from England.


It may become a new bottle or rug.


What do you notice?



• It is a personal pronoun is the subject of the sentence.

• May become is the verb phrase.

• New is an adjective describing the bottle and rug.


It may become a new playground or backpack.


Recycling takes something used and turns it into something new.


What do you notice?



• Recycling is the subject of the sentence.

• The sentence has been combined and has a compound verb: takes and turns,

takes is irregular.

• Into something new is a prepositional phrase- into is a preposition.


Art takes something plain and makes it into

something beautiful.


Sanitation trucks collect the recyclables.


What do you notice?



• Trucks is the subject of the sentence.

• Collect is an action verb.

• Sanitation is an adjective describing the type of truck.


Ice cream trucks sell frozen treats.


Storms are sudden, violent changes in the weather.

Super Storms by Seymour Simon

What do you notice?



• Storms is a plural noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Are is a linking verb.

• Sudden and violent are adjectives describing the changes in weather.

• In the weather is a prepositional phrase- in is the preposition.


Tornadoes are dangerous, spinning storms in the

summer.


Five seconds equal one mile. Super Storms by Seymour Simon

What do you notice?



• Seconds is a plural noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Equal is the verb.

• Five and one are adjectives describing nouns.


Ten seconds equals two miles.


More than 1,000 tornadoes strike the United States each year.


What do you notice?



• Tornadoes is a plural noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Strike is the irregular verb.

• United States is a proper noun.


Nearly 10,000 homes were destroyed in Kansas last

summer.


Television and radio stations often give early alerts.


What do you notice?



• Television and stations is the compound subject of the sentence.

• Give is the irregular verb.

• Early is an adjective describing the types of alerts.

• Radio is an adjective describing stations.


Stores and businesses often close early during

storms.


Their howling winds bend and uproot trees. Super Storms by Seymour Simon

What do you notice?



• Winds is a plural noun and the subject of the sentence.

• The sentence has been combined and has a compound verb: bend and uproot,

• Bend is an irregular verb.

• Howling is an adjective describing winds.


The hurricane winds knock down signs and damage

roofs.


He wasn’t very old.

Adapted from Nutnkik, the Wolf Pup by Jean Craighead George

What do you notice?




• Wasn’t is a contraction for was not.

• Was is a llinking verb.

• Very is an adjective describing old.


He wasn’t excited for school to start again.


One day Julie came home with two wolf pups.


What do you notice?



• Julie is a proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Came is an irregular verb.

• One, two, and wolf are adjectives.

• With two wolf pups is a prepositional phrase, with is the preposition


One day Stanley came home with two gray kittens.


They slept next to each other, and they played wolf games in the sun.

Nutnkik, the Wolf Pup by Jean Craighead George

What do you notice?



• They is a personal pronoun and the subject of both independent clauses.

• Slept is the irregular verb in the first independent clause, played is the verb in the


• Next to each other is a prepositional phrase- next is the preposition.

• In the sun is a prepositional phrase- in is the preposition.

• The clauses are separated by a comma and the conjunction and.


They napped under a tree, and they drank water by

the lake.


He led him around the village schoolhouse.


What do you notice?




• Led is an irregular verb.

• Around the village schoolhouse is a prepositional phrase- around is the

preposition.

• Village is an adjective describing schoolhouse.


She led him down to the beautiful lake.


Amaroq didn’t eat lunch.


What do you notice?



• Amaroq is a proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Didn’t is a contraction for did not.

• Did eat is the verb phrase.

• Not (n’t) is an adverb.


Carl didn’t run far.


I wrote a quick note to my mother.

Nate the Great and the Musical Note by Marjorie Weinman Sharmat and Craig Sharmat

from page 14

What do you notice?




• Wrote is an irregular verb.

• Quick is an adjective describing note.

• To my mother is a prepositional phrase - to is the preposition.


I ran a quick errand to the store.


Rosamond ran after Pip and me.


from page 29

What do you notice?



• Rosamond is a proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Ran is an irregular verb.

• After Pip and me is a prepositional phrase, after is the preposition.


Patrick went after Theresa and me.


Sludge and I started to walk home.


from page 33

What do you notice?



• Sludge (proper noun) and I (personal pronoun) is the compound subject of the

sentence.

• Started is the past-tense verb.

• To walk is an infinitive (to + verb).


Carlos and I snuck under the bed.


That’s a wonderful idea.


from page 39

What do you notice?



• That’s is a contraction for that is.

• That is the subject of the sentence.

• Is is the linking verb.

• Wonderful is an adjective describing the idea.


That’s a terrific book.


I reached into my pockets, pulled out five cents, and gave them to Rosamond. Nate the Great and the Musical Note by Marjorie Weinman Sharmat and Craig Sharmat

from page 48

What do you notice?




• Reached, pulled, and gave is the compound verb, gave is irregular.

• Into my pockets is a prepositional phrase, is- is the preposition.

• Out five cents is a prepositional phrase, out is the preposition.

• To Rosamond is a prepositional phrase, to- is the preposition.


I looked into my backpack, grabbed fifty cents from

my zipper pouch, and put them in my pocket.


She lays her eggs, like beads of glass.

Dig Wait Listen: A Desert Toad’s Tale by April Pulley Sayre

What do you notice?

• She is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• She is a singular subjective pronoun.

• Her is a possessive pronoun.

• She is the subject of the sentence.


• Lays is the present tense verb.

• Like beads of glass is a simile that compares the eggs to beads of glass.

• Like and of are prepositions.

• Like beads and of glass are both prepositional phrases – like and of are

prepositions


She sings her song, like notes from a canary.


Wriggling and wriggling in their puddle home, the tadpoles are here at last!

Dig Wait Listen: A Desert Toad’s Tale by April Pulley Sayre

What do you notice?

• Wriggling is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Their is a plural possessive pronoun.

• Tadpoles is the subject of the sentence.


• Are is the present tense linking verb.


• Wriggling and wriggling is used for emphasis and to help paint a picture in the

reader’s mind. It helps describe what the tadpoles look like and how they act.

• In their puddle home is a prepositional phrase - in is the preposition.

• The comma separates the independent clause, the tadpoles are here at last,

from the introductory phrase, wriggling and wriggling in their puddle.


Juggling and juggling in their big tent, the clowns are

finally here!


They eat and they grow.

Adapted from Dig Wait Listen: A Desert Toad’s Tale by April Pulley Sayre

What do you notice?

• They is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• They is a plural pronoun.


• They is the subject of both independent clauses.

• Eat is the verb of the first independent clause and grow is the verb of the second

independent clause.




We joke and we laugh.


Their hooves hammer the ground.

Dig Wait Listen A Desert Toad’s Tale by April Pulley Sayre

What do you notice?

• Their is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.


• Hooves is the subject of the sentence (plural form of hoof).


• Hammer is the present tense verb.

• Hammer is a precise word that helps to paint a picture in the reader’s mind by

using both visual and auditory senses.


Their beaks drill the trees.


The toad has been waiting so many months in her basement burrow home.

Adapted from Dig Wait Listen: A Desert Toad’s Tale by April Pulley Sayre

What do you notice?

• The is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Her is a singular possessive pronoun.

• Toad is the subject of the sentence.


• Has been waiting is the past tense verb phrase.

• In her basement burrow home is a prepositional phrase-in is the preposition.

• Basement burrow is alliteration because both words begin with the same letter

sound.


The caterpillar has been sleeping so many weeks in

its cozy comfortable cocoon.


We need a signal, so we all can push together.

Adapted by Pushing Up the Sky by Joseph Bruchac

What do you notice?

• We is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• We is a plural pronoun.

• We is the subject of both the independent clauses.


• Need is the present tense verb in the first independent clause and push is the

verb of the second independent clause.

• So is a conjunction.

• A comma separates the clauses and comes before the coordinating conjunction.

• This is a compound sentence because we need a signal and we can all push

together are independent clauses.


We need paint brushes so we can paint the house.


We will ask the birds and animals to help us. Adapted by Pushing Up the Sky by Joseph Bruchac

What do you notice?


• We and us are plural pronouns.



• Will ask is the future tense verb phrase.


• To help is an infinitive (to + verb).



We will ask our parents and teachers to teach us.


We are pushing and the sky is not moving. Adapted by Pushing Up the Sky by Joseph Bruchac

What do you notice?



• We is the subject of the first independent clause, we are pushing, and sky is the

subject of the second independent clause, the sky is not moving.

• This is a declarative compound sentence.

• Are pushing is the present tense verb phrase in the first independent clause, and

is moving is the present tense verb phrase in the second independent clause.

• Are is used in the first independent clause to agree with the plural noun, we.

• Is is used in the second independent clause to agree with the singular noun, sky.



We are dancing and the music is not blaring.


Now my son will not hide from me in the sky. Adapted by Pushing Up the Sky by Joseph Bruchac

What do you notice?

• Now is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• My is a singular possessive pronoun.

• Me is a singular objective pronoun.

• Will hide is the verb.

• Son is the subject of the sentence.

• From me and in the sky are prepositional phrases, prepositions – from, in


Then my daughter will not sing to me from the stage.


My son and I sing to the sky and the wind whispers to me.

Adapted by Pushing Up the Sky by Joseph Bruchac

What do you notice?

• My is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• My is a singular possessive pronoun.

• This is a compound sentence with two independent clauses.

• Me and I are singular pronouns.

• Sing is the verb in the first independent clause (my son and I sing to the sky),

and whispers is the verb in the second independent clause (the wind whispers to

me).

• Son is the subject of the first independent clause and wind is the subject of the


• And is a conjunction in this compound sentence.

• To the sky, to me are the prepositional phrases – to is the preposition


My brother and I dig in the dirt and the sun shines on

my back.


Today our planet may not seem vast.

Columbus Explores New Lands by Time for Kids

What do you notice?

• Today is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Our is a plural possessive pronoun.

• Planet is the subject of the sentence.

• May seem is the verb phrase.

• Vast is used to set the mood for how big the planet seemed in the 1400’s.


Yesterday our house did not seem enormous.


Columbus and his crew sailed their ship around the world.

Adapted from Columbus Explores New Lands by Time for Kids

What do you notice?

• Columbus is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.


• Columbus and crew is the compound subject of the sentence.

• Sailed is the past tense verb of the sentence.

• His is a singular possessive pronoun.

• Around the world is a prepositional phrase-around is the preposition.


Mrs. Mifford and her class read their books outside

in the grass.


After finding land, Columbus and his crew celebrated their success.


What do you notice?

• After is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.


• Columbus and crew is the compound subject of the sentence.

• Celebrated is the past tense verb of the sentence.


• After finding land is a prepositional phrase-after is the preposition.

• After finding land, is a transitional phrase and tells the reader when the event is

taking place.


After writing sentences, Mrs. Peet and her class

shared their ideas.


Columbus, a sea captain, spent his life exploring.


What do you notice?


• Columbus is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Columbus is a proper noun.


• Columbus is the subject of the sentence.

• Spent is the past tense verb of the sentence-irregular verb “spend.”

• An appositive (restating the subject) is set off with commas, a sea captain.



Mr. Minor, a comedian, wrote his jokes on napkins.


Our reading book contains a story about Christopher Columbus and his crew.


What do you notice?

• Our is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Our is a personal possessive pronoun.

• Christopher Columbus is a proper noun.


• Book is the subject of the sentence.

• Contains is the past tense verb of the sentence.

• Prepositional phrase – about Christopher Columbus and his crew, preposition -

about


Their social studies book contains information about

the state of Florida and its history.


We use tall shovels to turn the grass upside down.

Adapted from The Ugly Vegetables by Grace Lin

What do you notice?



• Use agrees with the pronoun we.


• Use is the verb.

• This is a declarative present tense sentence.

• To turn is an infinitive (to + verb).

• Shovels is a plural noun.

• Tall is an adjective.



She uses short spatulas to turn the pancakes over.


She sees the neighbors working in their gardens.


What do you notice?



• Sees agrees with the pronoun she because an –s has been added.


• Sees is the verb.



• Working in their gardens is a participial phrase; working (-ing verb) is a participial.


They see the monkeys jumping on the swings.


She helps her mother plant the seeds.


What do you notice?



• Helps agrees with the pronoun she because an –s has been added.


• Helps is the verb.



They help their parents clean the garage.


She smells the flowers in the neighbor’s garden. Adapted from The Ugly Vegetables by Grace Lin

What do you notice?



• Smells agrees with the pronoun her because an –s has been added to the end,

making it a singular verb.


• Smells is the verb.


• In the neighbor’s garden is a prepositional phrase, preposition - in

• Neighbor’s is possessive showing the garden belongs to the neighbor.



He picks the flowers from his neighbor’s yard.


He wants to grow vegetables in his garden.


What do you notice?

• He is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• He is a singular subjective pronoun.

• Wants agrees with the pronoun he because an –s has been added to the end of

it.


• Wants is the verb.


• In his garden is a prepositional phrase, preposition - in.



He races down the street to his friend’s house.


We can’t see all of the moon’s surface at one time.

Adapted from The Moon by Seymour Simon

What do you notice?



• Can’t is a contraction for “can not.”


• Can see is the verb phrase.


• Moon’s is possessive noun indicating that the surface belongs to the moon.

• Of the moon’s surface and at one time are prepositional phrases-of and at are

the prepositions.


They won’t take all of the cook’s brownies to the

party.


There wasn’t anyone living on the moon.

Adapted from The Moon by Seymour Simon

What do you notice?

• There is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Anyone is a compound word and a singular indefinite pronoun.

• Wasn’t is a contraction for “was not.”

• Anyone is the subject of the sentence.

• Was living is the past tense verb phrase.


• On the moon is a prepositional phrase – on is a preposition.



There isn’t anyone eating in the cafeteria.


The moon doesn’t have air, water, clouds, rain, or snow.

The Moon by Seymour Simon

What do you notice?

• The is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Doesn’t is a contraction for “does not.”

• Moon is the subject of the sentence.

• Does have is the verb phrase.


• Or is a coordinating conjunction.

• Commas are used to separate the items in the list.



Florida doesn’t have snow, volcanoes, or

earthquakes.


Earth and the moon aren’t the same.


What do you notice?

• Earth is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Earth is a proper noun.

• Aren’t is a contraction for “are not.”

• Earth and moon is the compound subject of the sentence.

• Are is the present tense verb.

• Are is plural and used because of the compound subject.




Monkeys and chimps aren’t the same animal.


Clouds can’t appear in the sky without air or water.


What do you notice?

• Clouds is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Can’t is a contraction for “can not.”

• Clouds is the subject of the sentence.

• Can appear is the verb phrase.

• Not (n’t) is an adverb.

• Without is a compound word.

• Or is a conjunction.


• In the sky and without air or water are prepositional phrases - in and without are

the prepositions



Trees can’t live without air and water.


For Monty, it hadn’t been exciting at all.

Mostly Monty by Johanna Hurwitz

from page 4

What do you notice?

• For is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Hadn’t is a contraction for had not.

• It is the subject of the sentence.

• Had been exciting is the past tense verb phrase.

• For Monty and at all are prepositional phrases-for and at are the prepositions.




For Sally, it hasn’t been interesting at all.


He’d been rushed to the hospital both times.

Adapted from Mostly Monty by Johanna Hurwitz

from page 4

What do you notice?

• He’d is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• He’d is a contraction for “he had.”


• Had been rushed is the past tense verb phrase.

• To the hospital is a prepositional phrase-to is the preposition.




She’s been given cookies each day in her

classroom.


I’ll have to find an interesting book to read.


from page 16

What do you notice?

• I’ll is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• I’ll is a contraction for “I will.”


• Will have to find is the future tense verb phrase.



I’ll have to search for a fascinating movie to watch.


He didn’t want to cry like a baby, so he read those hard books.


from page 16

What do you notice?

• He is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.


• Didn’t is a contraction for “did not.”

• He is a singular subjective pronoun.

• He is the subject of both independent clauses, he didn’t want to cry like a baby,

and he read those hard books.

• Did want is the verb phrase in the first independent clause, and read is the verb

in the second independent clause.


• So is a conjunction that joins the two independent clauses.

.


She didn’t want to scream like a howler monkey, but

she was terrified of spiders.


Hopefully, they will realize it’s missing.


from page 60

What do you notice?

• Hopefully is capitalized because it is the beginning of a sentence.

• Hopefully is an adverb.

• It’s is a contraction for “it is.”

• They is a plural pronoun.

• They is the subject of the sentence

• Will realize is the future tense verb phrase in the sentence.




We’ll know the answers when it’s time to take the

test.


Rosa Maria lived in a tiny house with a tiny yard.

Mice and Beans by Pam Munoz Ryan

What do you notice?

• Rosa Maria is a singular proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Lived is the past tense verb in the sentence.

• Prepositional phrases- in a tiny house, with a tiny yard, prepositions – in, with

• Tiny is an adjective.



Sarah Farrah played in a huge house with a huge

lawn.


She filled her big bolsa with tortillas, cheese, red sauce, white rice, pinto beans, and a

bag of candy. Mice and Beans by Pam Munoz Ryan

What do you notice?

• She is a singular subjective pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Filled is the past tense verb in the sentence.

• Prepositional phrases- with tortillas, cheese, red sauce, white rice, pinto beans,

and a bag; of candy; prepositions – with, of

• Big, red, white, and pinto are adjectives.

• The commas are used to separate the items in the list.



He filled his giant piñata with sweet tarts, bubble

gum, chewy taffy, hard candy, chocolate, and a bag

of toys.


She noticed the pinata was missing a few feathers.


What do you notice?

• She is a singular subjective pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Noticed is the past tense verb in the sentence.

• Piñata is a common noun.

• Few is an adjective.

• Feathers is a plural common noun.

• This is a complex sentence (beginning with the understood word… that…the

piñata was missing a few feathers).


He saw the crayon box was missing many crayons.


I will arrange the six little candles in the shape of a seven and Little Catalina will be

just as happy . Mice and Beans by Pam Munoz Ryan

What do you notice?

• Compound sentence- two independent clauses separated by a coordinating

conjunction and.

• I is a subjective personal pronoun and the subject of the first independent clause

and will arrange is the future tense verb phrase.

• Little Catalina is a proper noun and the subject of the second independent clause

and the future tense verb phrase is will be.


• Little and seven are adjectives.

• Prepositional phrases- in the shape, of a seven, as happy; prepositions – in, of,

as


I will lay the seven big blocks in the shape of a

snake and bossy Billy will be just as sassy.


They ran to the walnut tree and threw a rope over a high branch.


What do you notice?

• They is a subjective plural pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Ran and threw (both irregular) is the past tense compound verb in the sentence.


• Walnut and high are adjectives.

• Prepositional phrases- to the walnut tree, over a high branch - prepositions - to,

over



They bolted to the giant oak tree and tossed a jump

rope over a low branch.


A pan of Spanish rice was cooking next to it.

Stirring Up Memories by Pam Munoz Ryan

What do you notice?

• Pan is a singular common noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Was cooking is the past tense verb phrase in the sentence.

• Prepositional phrase- Of Spanish rice, preposition - of

• Spanish is a proper noun and must be capitalized.

• The word a is an article adjective and used in front of the word pan because pan

starts with a consonant.



A pot of Italian pasta was boiling next to it.


I grew up in the San Joaquin (wah-keen) Valley in Bakersfield, California.


What do you notice?


• Grew is the past tense irregular verb in the sentence.

• Up is an adverb.

• Prepositional phrases- in the San Joaquin Valley, in Bakersfield, California;

preposition - in

• There is a comma between Bakersfield (city) and California (state)

• San Joaquin Valley, Bakersfield, and California are proper nouns and must be

capitalized.



I grew up on the Atlantic coast in Port Saint John,

Florida.


I loved the library for an important reason.

Adapted from Stirring Up Memories by Pam Munoz Ryan

What do you notice?


• Loved is the past tense verb in the sentence.

• Prepositional phrase- for an important reason, preposition - for

• The word an is used in front of the word important because important starts with

a vowel.

• Library is a common noun.




I treasured the book store for many reasons.


First, I could check out a pile of books and take them home with me.


What do you notice?


• Could check and take is the compound verb in the sentence.

• First is an adverb.

• Prepositional phrases-out a pile, of books, with me; preposition – out, of, with


• There is a comma between the transition word first (which shows order) and the

pronoun I.

• Them is an objective pronoun.



Next, I could buy a bag of candy and take it home

with me.


My story, Mice and Beans, is about a big family gathering.

Adapted from Stirring Up Memories by Pam Munoz Ryan

What do you notice?

• Story is a singular common noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Is is the present tense verb in the sentence.


• About a big family gathering is the prepositional phrase, preposition - about

• Mice and Beans is the title of a story which is offset with commas and underlined

to show it is a title.

• A is an article adjective and used in front of the word big because it starts with a

consonant.



My book, Old Mister Putter, is about a grumpy

grouchy old man and a cat who loves to sit.


Was the music from the Stone Age quieter or louder than the music of today?

Adapted from Music of the Stone Age by Time for Kids

What do you notice?

• Music is a common noun and the subject of the sentence.


• Prepositional phrases - from the Stone Age, than the music, of today;

prepositions – from, than, of

• Than is only a preposition when it is used for comparison.

• Quieter and louder are comparative adjectives.

• Or is a coordinating conjunction.

• This is a simple interrogative sentence.


Was the classroom from the Pioneer Days easier or

harder than the classroom of today?


Which instrument is the easiest to play?


What do you notice?

• Instrument is a common noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Is is the present tense verb in the sentence.

• Easiest is a superlative adjective.

• To play is an infinitive (to + verb).



Which sport is the hardest to play?


A wading bird was used to make flutes.


What do you notice?

• Bird is a common noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Was used is the verb in the sentence.

• A is an article adjective and used in front of the word wading because wading

starts with a consonant.

• Wading is an adjective.

• To make is an infinitive (the word to plus a verb).



A pig skin was used to make a football.


Flutes found in China are the oldest flutes on earth.


What do you notice?

• Flutes is a common plural noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Are is the verb.

• Oldest is a superlative adjective.

• China is a proper noun and must be capitalized.

• Prepositional phrase- on earth, preposition - on



Drums found in Africa are the oldest drums on earth.


Flutes from the Stone Age are much older than our flutes today.


What do you notice?

• Flutes is a common plural noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Are is the verb in the sentence.

• Older is a comparative adjective.

• Stone Age is a proper noun and must be capitalized.

• Prepositional phrases- from the Stone Age, than our flutes today; prepositions –

from, than (than acts as a preposition when it compares)



Dinosaurs from the Stone Age are much older than

animals of today.


Sarah must have been smart and hard working.

African-American Inventors by Jim Haskins

What do you notice?

• Sarah is a proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Must have been is the verb phrase in the sentence.

• Smart and hard working are adjectives.




Pete must have been lazy and slow moving.


Benjamin carefully used his clock to measure the movements of the stars.

Adapted from African-American Inventors by Jim Haskins

What do you notice?

• Benjamin is a proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Used is the verb in the sentence.

• Carefully is an adverb.

• Her is a singular possessive pronoun.

• To measure is an infinitive (to + verb).

• Prepositional phrase- of the stars, preposition - of

• Movements is a common noun.



Tatiana quickly used her ruler to measure the inches

of the paper.


They faithfully read it to find out about the changing seasons.


What do you notice?

• They is a subjective plural pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Read is the verb in the sentence.

• Faithfully and out are adverbs.

• It is a singular objective pronoun.

• To find is an infinitive (to + verb).

• Season is a common noun.

• About the changing seasons is a prepositional phrase, preposition - about


They slowly read it to find out about the game.


We know quite a bit about Benjamin Bunker.


What do you notice?

• We is a subjective plural pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Know is the verb in the sentence.

• Quite is an adverb.


• Bit is a common noun.

• Prepositional phrase - about Benjamin Bunker, preposition - about

• Benjamin Bunker is a proper noun and must be capitalized.



We know very little about Peter Pan.


George really loved the Carver farm, with all its plants and animals.


What do you notice?

• George is a proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Loved is the past tense verb in the sentence.

• Really is an adverb.


• Farm is a common noun.

• Carver is a proper noun acting as an adjective

• Prepositional phrase- with all its plants and animals, preposition - with

• The word its is always followed by a noun.

• This is simple declarative sentence.


Hailey really disliked the stinky dumpster, with all its

dirt and slime.


He liked to learn, and he learned a lot.

Adapted from Babu’s Song by Stephanie Stuve-Bodeen

What do you notice?

• Compound sentence - two independent clauses separated by the coordinating

conjunction and.

• He is a subjective pronoun and the subject of the first independent clause and

liked is the verb.

• He is a subjective pronoun and the subject of the second independent clause

and learned is the verb.

• To learn is an infinitive (to plus a verb).



She loved to work, and she worked a lot.


Slowly, Bernardi walked home.

Adapted from Babu’s Song by Stephanie Stuve-Bodeen

What do you notice?

• The sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a period.

• Bernardi is a proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Walked is the past tense verb.

• Home is a common noun.

• Slowly is an adverb and is followed by a comma when it is at the beginning of the

sentence.



Swiftly, Timmy raced home.


Babu made tea for Bernardi and himself.

Babu’s Song by Stephanie Stuve-Bodeen

What do you notice?


• Babu is a proper noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Made is the past tense irregular verb.

• Bernardi is a proper noun and must be capitalized.

• Tea is a common noun.

• Prepositional phrase-for Bernardi and himself, preposition-for


• Himself is a singular reflexive pronoun.



Neekko made ice cream for Teeto and herself.


He opened the lid and heard a small tinkling.


What do you notice?



• He is a subjective singular pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Opened and heard is the past tense compound verb in the sentence.

• Heard is an irregular verb.

• Lid and tinkling are common nouns.


• Small is an adjective.


She pulled off the top and peered at a large

cupcake.


I sold everything, Babu!


What do you notice?

• The sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with an exclamation mark.


• I is a subjective singular pronoun and the subject of the sentence.

• Sold is the irregular past tense verb in the sentence.

• Everything is a singular pronoun.

• Babu is a proper noun and must be capitalized.

• A comma separates the sentence from the person being addressed.


We bought nothing, Tamica!


I looked into two huge staring eyes.

Nate the Great on the Owl Express by Marjorie Sharmat and Mitchel Sharmat

from page 10

What do you notice?




• Looked is the past tense verb in the sentence.

• Prepositional phrase- into two huge staring eyes, preposition- into

• Two, huge, and staring are adjectives.

• Eyes is a common plural noun.


I gazed into three enormous gaping mouths.


Sludge and I got into the back of the limo.


from page 14

What do you notice?



• Sludge is a proper noun and I is a subjective singular pronoun.

• Sludge and I is the compound subject of the sentence.

• Got is the irregular past tense verb in the sentence.

• Prepositional phrases- into the back, of the limo; prepositions - into, of



Sam and I leaped into the back of the mini van.


Then I saw a man wearing a spotted shirt and big yellow glasses.


from page 24

What do you notice?




• Saw is the irregular past tense verb in the sentence.

• Shirt and glasses are common nouns.

• Spotted, big, and yellow are adjectives.

• Then is an adverb showing time order.


Then I looked at a woman wearing a striped shirt

and a large pink hat.


Why did bad rhymes get into my dreams?


from page 28

What do you notice?

• The sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a question mark.


• Rhymes is a plural common noun and the subject of the sentence.

• Did get is the past tense verb phrase in the sentence.

• Prepositional phrase- into my dreams, preposition- into

• Bad is an adjective.

• Why is an adverb.


Why did silly songs get into my head?


Sludge and I went back to our room and sat by the window.


from page 48

What do you notice?


• Sludge is a proper noun.

• I is a subjective singular pronoun.

• Sludge and I is the compound subject of the sentence.

• Went (irregular) and sat is the compound past tense verb.

• Prepositional phrases- to our room, by the window; prepositions - to, by


• Back is an adverb.


Polly and I skipped back to the playground and sat

on the bench.


Deve loping Sentence Imita tion

“…grammar is a tool to help the reader and writer ‘see.’ Grammar focuses us in on the

writer’s point and ‘zooms in on’ all the details that help enhance the point.”

Jeff Anderson, Mechanically Inclined

Advisor – Dr. Lynn Spadaccini, Director of Elementary Programs

Coordinator – Theresa Phelps, Elementary Writing Resource Teacher

Writing Team JoAnn Edson, South Lake Elementary

Patti Henning, Longleaf Elementary

Brandy Kilcommons, Harbor City Elementary

Lainey Newell, Columbia Elementary

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