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States of Matter
What is Matter?
Matter Anything that has mass and takes up
space Made of atoms and molecules All around you!
Can be found in four different states “state” = phase in which any given type
of matter can exist
What are the 4 states?
Three of the 4 states of represented in this picture Can you name them?▪ Solid (ice)▪ Liquid (water)▪ Gas (air)
What is the 4th?▪ Plasma
What are “Properties” of Matter?
Properties of matter Special qualities or characteristics used
to define and describe matter Two different types
Physical properties▪ Can be observed with your five senses▪ States of matter are physical properties
Chemical properties▪ Require a chemical change
Four States of Matter: Solid
Properties of a solid Definite shape, definite
volume, no compressibility (*impossible to squeeze into smaller volume)▪ Sugar, bones, ice, iron
Amorphous solid
Crystalline solid
Four States of Matter: Liquid
Properties of a liquid Indefinite shape, definite volume, low
compressibility (*difficult to squeeze into smaller volume)▪ Water, milk, blood
Viscosity▪ Liquids resistance to flow
Surface tension▪ Allows water to bead
Four States of Matter: Gas
Properties of a gas Indefinite shape, indefinite volume, high
compressibility (*easy to squeeze into smaller volume)▪ Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Helium
Solid, Liquid, Gas
Four States of Matter: Plasma Plasma resembles
a gas but has properties gases do not
Properties of plasma: Indefinite shape,
indefinite volume (like a gas)
Conducts electricity, responds to magnetic field (unlike a gas)
Temperature changes state Definition:
Average kinetic energy of the particles in matter
Temperature change leads to phase change Gases = high
kinetic energy Solids = low kinetic
energy
Temperature Scales
Two common scales Fahrenheit (°F) Celsius (°C)
SI scale for temperature is Kelvin
Summary
Complete your Cornell Notes summary What is matter? What forms can it take? How does matter change from state to
state?
Types of Matter
Types of Matter
There are two categories of matter: Substance▪ Matter that has a uniform and definite
composition▪ Examples: sugar (100% sucrose), water, oxygen gas,
chlorine gas
Mixture▪ Physical blend of two or more substances ▪ Lemonade, salt water, chicken noodle soup
Substances
Two types of substances Element▪ A pure substance▪ Cannot be broken down/separated into any other
substances ▪ Examples: Iron, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Compound▪ Substance that contains two or more elements that
are chemically combined (requires a chemical reaction to take place)▪ Can be broken down into simpler substances
Has to be chemically separated Examples: H2O, C6H12O6, CO2
Mixtures
All mixtures Physical blends of two or more things Can be physically separated
Two Categories of mixtures: Heterogeneous Homogeneous
Two types of mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures Vary in composition Have two or more layers or phases▪ Examples: chicken noodle soup, spaghetti,
salad Homogeneous mixtures
Same composition throughout Have a single layer or phase▪ Examples: air, stainless steel, lemonade
Three types of mixtures
Mixtures have different properties depending on particle size
Three types 1. Solution: Homogenous mixture with
tiny particles. Example: salt water 2. Colloid: Homogenous mixture with
medium particles. Example: Jello 3. Suspension: Heterogeneous mixture
with large particles. Example: Italian dressing
Lets Practice!
Substance or Mixture?