Matter consists of:› Liquids› Gases› Solids

***Heat and light are not matter.*** They do not have matter or take up

space.

Matter consists of many atoms joined together.

The smallest particle that can still be identified as the matter it came from is an atom.

Element – substances that are made of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by normal chemical or physical means.

Atom – smallest unit of an element

Three parts of an atom:› - › -› -

All substances are made from atoms. An element is a substance with atoms

that are all alike and cannot be broken down into simpler forms.

Example: › Graphite in your pencil point› Copper coating of most pennies

Matter that is made of only one kind of atom is an element.

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are all elements.

The picture is of the element zinc in hydrogen chloride.

Zinc + HCL

What is the difference between atoms and elements? Get ready for an imperfect analogy. Imagine going to an ice cream store. Let's say that they have 30

different flavors of ice cream. Those are elements, the things that I have available to build my dessert from. The smallest amount of ice cream that the store will sell to me is a scoop. This is an atom. If I want, I can put two or more scoops of ice cream together. This is a molecule. If my molecule has more than one flavor of ice cream, I can call it a compound.

So, in summary:› element - a basic substance that can't be simplified (hydrogen, oxygen, gold,

etc...)› atom - the smallest amount of an element› molecule - two or more atoms that are chemically joined together (H2, O2, H2O,

etc...)› compound - a molecule that contains more than one element (H2O, C6H12O6, etc...)

What's wrong with the ice cream analogy? Splitting an atom creates different elements (split an oxygen atom and you don't have oxygen any longer). Splitting a scoop of ice cream results in smaller blobs of the same flavor. For the analogy to hold true, the flavor of the ice cream would have to change when you split a scoop (the chocolate 'element' would have to change into some other 'element' (flavor).

Elements combine to make up items we use everyday.

Minerals are usually a combination of atoms, but not always.

Some minerals are made up of only one element.› Phosphorous, silver, graphite, and copper.› (page 35: Table 1)