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Course of MT- 362 Material Handling

Part 5

M M Jan

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Overview of previous lecture• Bulk material handling

– Definition, examples, applications• Bulk material handling equipments

– Belt conveyer (Principle, uses/ application, types, material , design considerations)

– Bucket elevator/ bucket conveyer (Principle, types, applications)

– Screw conveyers (definition, principle, types etc.)– Vibratory conveyers (definition, working principle,

applications, advantages)– Material feeding and metering methods (uses,

devices)

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Bulk Material Handling

• Vehicle bulk conveyor systems– Such systems consist of conveyors that can

be moved easily so that they can be used for loading and unloading of bulk material from vehicles like

• Trucks• Rails• Aircrafts

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Bulk Material Handling

• Vehicle bulk conveyer systems– Consists of

• Conveyer systems (belts, rollers etc.)• Driving mechanism (motor, gears, pulleys etc.)• Control cabinet (electronics, sensors, transducers

etc.)• Transportation modes (wheel carriages, trucks

etc.)

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Vehicle bulk conveyer systems

Conveyer system

Electronics

Controls cabinet

Drive mechanism

Transportation mode

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Vehicle bulk conveyer systems

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Marine Bulk Material Handling• Marine handling equipments

– Those equipments which are used for handling of material related to sea or ocean

– These may include transportation to or from

• Directly from sea • From islands• Ships• Ports

– Marine equipments handling are also used in material stockyards

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Marine Bulk Material Handling

• Products associated with marine may include– Mining (coal, iron, sulfur, etc.) – Import export bulk materials (grains, wheat,

etc.)– Chemical plants (chemical processing)– Petroleum products– Food products– Ship breaking industries

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Marine Bulk Material Handling• Material handling equipments is

performed by– Cranes– Conveyers – Elevators – Rails – Containers– Lifters

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Marine Bulk Material Handling• Different stages in marine material

handling

Loading/ unloading Stacking

Conveyers Reclaimers

Wagon loading

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• Bulk material loading to ships

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Marine Bulk Material Handling• Loading/ unloading

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Marine Bulk Material Handling• Stacking

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• Reclaimers

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Marine Bulk Material Handling

• Conveyers

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• Wagon loading

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Packaged material handling• Packaged materials are those materials

that cab be easily packed in single units

• Few examples are– Food items– Medicines – Glassware– Industrial products– Electronics

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Packaged material handling

• Pallets and palletizing operations– These are unit load formation equipments– The objective is to use recyclable material for the

product containers– Such material handling consist of

• Boxes• Cartons • Crates • Totes• Bags • Packets

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Packaged material handling

• Pallets – Pallets are probably the most common platform for

moving unit loads. – Perhaps the most obvious area of concern associated

with the use of pallets today involves cost and quality – Poor quality pallets annually cost industry billions of

dollars in the form of • Product damage, • Lost productivity, and • Damaged handling

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Packaged material handling• Pallet construction

– A pallet consist of • Top deck/ slat• Bottom deck/ slat• Blocks• Stringer board (support/ connector)• Plates • Guide ways for fork liter forks• Guide ways for hand-trucks forks

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Packaged material handling

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Packaged material handling

• Pallet construction– Size of pallet is specified by its depth (i.e., length of its

stringers or stringer boards) and its width (i.e., length its deckboards)—pallet height (typically 5 in.) is usually not specified

– 48 × 40 in. (1200 × 1000 mm) pallet is most popular in the US (27% of all pallets—no other size over 5%) because its compatibility with railcar and truck trailer dimensions; e.g., the GMA (Grocery Manufacturers of America) pallet is four-way and made of hardwood

– 1200 × 800 mm “Euro-Pallet” is the standard pallet in Europe

– Single-face pallets are sometimes referred to as “skids”

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Packaged material handling• Pallet material

– A key decision affecting the overall life cycle cost of pallets is the materials used in their manufacture

– The pallet materials include• Wood• Pressed wood fiber• Corrugated fiberboard• Plastic • Metal

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Packaged material handling

Wooden palletsCorrugated fiberboard

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Packaged material handling

Pressed wood fiber pallets

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Packaged material handling

Plastic pallet Metal pallet

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Packaged material handling

• Advantages of using different material pallets– Wooden pallets are sold each year than any

other type due to the versatility, low cost, biodegradability and recyclability of this material

– Pressed wood fiber is a combination of wood fibers and organic resins which eliminates the need for nails and enables the molding of pallets into more space efficient designs

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Packaged material handling• Advantages of using different material

pallets– Disposable, corrugated fiberboard pallets can be

made of recycled paper materials and provide a light weight, low cost alternative for one way shipping when loads do not need to be stored outdoors

– Durable plastic and metal pallets may provide the low cost alternative over the full pallet life cycle despite their high initial cost

• Both of these materials are recyclable, can be sanitized for clean applications, and can be used in the most demanding applications

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Packaged material handling• Some of the tradeoffs associated with

different pallet construction materials

medicines

agriculture

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Packaged material handling

• Palletizing – It is the process of stacking the product to

form a unit load– Palletizing operation may be through the

following methods• Manual • Automated /robotic

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Packaged material handling

• Manual palletizing

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Packaged material handling

• Automated/ robotic method

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Packaged material handling• Pallet positioner

– It is a tool which fulfills the ergonomics requirements of an operator

– It consist of a turn-table, drive mechanism, damping system and control device

– It can be operated • Manually• Hydraulically • Motorized

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Packaged material handling• Pallet positioner