Name as many of the steps of the Name as many of the steps of the Scientific Method as you canScientific Method as you can

HW #2 DUE FRIDAY

1.1. Explain why you think it is Explain why you think it is important for scientists to important for scientists to use the Scientific Method.use the Scientific Method.

2.2. Give 2 reasons why Give 2 reasons why creating a lab report is creating a lab report is importantimportant HW #2 DUE

TOMORROW

a way of understanding the natural world

based on our senses

exploration

What’s there?

How does it work?

How did it come

to be this way?

By EVERYONE, EVERYDAY

to develop new knowledge

using the SCIENTIFIC METHODSCIENTIFIC METHOD

The Scientific Method is the The Scientific Method is the only scientific way accepted to only scientific way accepted to

back up a theory or ideaback up a theory or idea. .

1. What are the 6 steps of the Scientific Method

TURN IN YOUR HOMEWORK

The Scientific Method involves: The Scientific Method involves:

ObservationObservationQuestion (Problem)Question (Problem)HypothesisHypothesisExperiment/ Collect DataExperiment/ Collect DataResultResultConclusionConclusion

ObservationObservation- We use our - We use our sensessenses to gather information to gather information about the world around us.about the world around us.

AH—Look at this!

Color, shape, feel, taste, sound.

EXAMPLES:o Miso has black and white furo Miso is on a blue igloo

o Quantity: How many. Will always have a number.o Based on exact measurement.

EXAMPLES:o The Guinea Pig has 2 ears.o There is 1 Guinea Pig.

For the following image do the following:1. Write down 2 Qualitative Observations 2. Write down 2 Quantitative Observations

TURN IN YOUR

HOMEWORK

Question- You ask a question about what you observe. State the problem or question.

Hypothesis -An educated guessoCreated from observations, inferences, and predictions made by you

guess at what guess at what will happen will happen

based on based on prior prior experienceexperience - - TESTABLETESTABLE

explanation explanation

-guides an -guides an experimentexperiment

PREDICTIONPREDICTION

HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS

INFERENCEINFERENCE

explanation explanation based on based on

observationsobservations

TESTABLETESTABLE

explanation explanation that guides an that guides an

experimentexperiment

HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS

** for each statement below ** for each statement below write a testable HYPOTHESIS write a testable HYPOTHESIS using the IF…Then… format**using the IF…Then… format**

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1.1.My satellite tv is not working.My satellite tv is not working.

2.2.I am always late for school.I am always late for school.

Use Use ““IfIf””, , ““ThenThen”” format format

IfIf we drop a ball from a higher we drop a ball from a higher height, height, ThenThen it will bounce higher. it will bounce higher.

› ““IfIf”” is the is the manipulated variablemanipulated variable. . (Independent)(Independent)

› ““ThenThen”” is the is the responding responding variablevariable. (Dependent). (Dependent)

HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESISIfIf fertilizer is fertilizer is

added to a corn added to a corn plant plant thenthen it it

will grow taller will grow taller than a corn than a corn

plant without plant without fertilizerfertilizer

OBSERVATIOOBSERVATIONN

Some plants Some plants are taller are taller

than othersthan others

** for each statement below ** for each statement below write a testable HYPOTHESIS write a testable HYPOTHESIS using the IF…Then… format**using the IF…Then… format**

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1.1.My satellite tv is not working.My satellite tv is not working.

2.2.I am always late for school.I am always late for school.

Use Use ““IfIf””, , ““ThenThen”” format format

IfIf we drop a ball from a higher we drop a ball from a higher height, height, ThenThen it will bounce higher. it will bounce higher.

› ““IfIf”” is the is the manipulated variablemanipulated variable. . (Independent)(Independent)

› ““ThenThen”” is the is the responding responding variablevariable. (Dependent). (Dependent)

Experiment/ Collect DataExperiment/ Collect Data- You - You figure out a way to test your figure out a way to test your hypothesis .hypothesis . o The outcome must be The outcome must be measurable measurable o Record and analyze data. Record and analyze data.

CONTROL GROUPreceives “normal” treatment

EXPERIMENTAL GROUPreceives independent variable

Corn will receive:• sunlight• water• soil

Corn will receive:• sunlight• water• soil • fertilizer

A A controlled experiment controlled experiment is a comparison of is a comparison of two or more groups with two or more groups with one differenceone difference

between the groupsbetween the groups

sunlight, sunlight, water, water, soilsoil

CONSTANT VARIABLE: CONSTANT VARIABLE: factors that stay the factors that stay the samesame

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE:INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: the difference between the groups; the difference between the groups; the factor manipulated (changed) by the the factor manipulated (changed) by the experimenterexperimenter

fertilizfertilizerer

DEPENDENT VARIABLE:DEPENDENT VARIABLE:the measured result of the the measured result of the experiment; experiment; the factor that responds to the the factor that responds to the changechange

plant plant heightheight

You decide to clean the bathroom. You notice that the shower is covered in a strange green slime. You decide to try using lemon juice to get rid of this slime. You spray half of the shower with lemon juice and spray the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of “treatment”, there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower.

What is the Independent Variable? What is the Independent Variable? (you have (you have control over this)control over this)What is the Dependent Variable? What is the Dependent Variable? (What are you (What are you measuring?)(This is the DATA you are collecting)measuring?)(This is the DATA you are collecting)What is the control group? What is the control group? What is the experimental group?What is the experimental group?What are the constant variables in this example?What are the constant variables in this example?

SpongeBob noticed that his favorite pants were not as clean as they used to be. His friend Sandy told him that he should try using Clean-O detergent, a brand of laundry soap she found at Sail- Mart. SpongeBob made sure to wash one pair of pants in plain water and another pair in water with the Clean-O detergent. After washing both pairs of pants a total of three times, the pants washed in the Clean-O detergent did not appear to be any cleaner than the pants washed in plain water.

1.1.What is the Independent Variable? What is the Independent Variable? (you have control (you have control over this)over this)

2.2.What is the Dependent Variable? What is the Dependent Variable? (What are you (What are you measuring?)(This is the DATA you are collecting)measuring?)(This is the DATA you are collecting)

3.3.What is a hypothesis that SpongeBob can test?What is a hypothesis that SpongeBob can test?

4.4.What is the control group? What is the control group?

5.5.What is the experimental group?What is the experimental group?

The Scientific Method involves: The Scientific Method involves:

ObservationObservationQuestion (Problem)Question (Problem)HypothesisHypothesisExperiment/ Collect DataExperiment/ Collect DataResultResultConclusionConclusion

ResultResult- You do the experiment using - You do the experiment using the method you came up with and the method you came up with and record the results. You repeat the record the results. You repeat the experiment to confirm your experiment to confirm your results by retesting. results by retesting.

State ConclusionState Conclusion- Does the data - Does the data support or refute the hypothesis?support or refute the hypothesis? Make a Make a CONCLUSION CONCLUSION

(explanation based on data)(explanation based on data)

Are there any Are there any ERRORSERRORS (sources (sources of mistakes)?of mistakes)?

Is there a way to improve the Is there a way to improve the experiment?experiment?

DATA / EVIDENCE:DATA / EVIDENCE: ““rawraw”” or unprocessed or unprocessed measurements from the experimentmeasurements from the experiment

QUALITATIVE:QUALITATIVE: (subjective): (subjective): descriptive data, descriptive data, uses words, pictures uses words, pictures

QUANTITATIVE: QUANTITATIVE: (objective): (objective): numerical data,numerical data,from instrumentsfrom instruments

Height of Height of corn with corn with fertilizer fertilizer averaged 2 averaged 2 cm taller cm taller than control than control groupgroup

Height of Height of corn with corn with fertilizer fertilizer was was tallertaller than control than control groupgroup

What does your data mean?What does your data mean?

RESULTS:RESULTS: evidence from experiment; organization of evidence from experiment; organization of datadata

Tables, graphs, visual representation of dataTables, graphs, visual representation of data

After several experiments have been After several experiments have been done, Scientists SHARE their findings done, Scientists SHARE their findings

and/or develop…and/or develop…

MODELMODEL: : graphical explanation or graphical explanation or representationrepresentation

THEORYTHEORY: : a well-tested hypothesis a well-tested hypothesis that is has not been proven wrong; that is has not been proven wrong; generally accepted to be generally accepted to be ““correct,correct,”” unless disprovenunless disproven

LAWLAW: : a predictable relationship that a predictable relationship that is accepted as factis accepted as fact