أ��اد

/ د. أ� � � � ��

Mohammed Shams Mekky� ا� �آ�ي ����ث ا������ � ���ر��� ���ث

Biological testing and adaptation of exotic seeds under Egyptian conditions

13-8-2017

ت ا������� ��Ambrosia maritime

���ات •�� � ,�(� ا�+*�()، ا�&�ق �$# �-��ت .�� وإ.��-� �� 5 . ��.�1 ا��4ن ا2وراق �#�(1 �ا2زه�ر رأ7�1 9*�اء 5 �67

وه� ا��6ع . ا2زه�ر ا��4�� �@آ�ة وا�&*4 �<-=1. إ��ط ا2وراق �B و(�رع آ��6ت �C �. ا� ��Dد

• A richly branched, grey-hairy herb with finely dissected, fragrant leaves. (Ann., sometimes per.). Heads small, yellow, in leafy spikes, above many-flowered male heads, below 1- flowered female heads.

ت ا��اردة �� ا�����ردات �إ��ت ��ور ا���Ambrosia maritime

Ambrosia trifida

•� رو��� ����*( ا�)���� ا�'�$ ��&�دة ��%$، و"� ا�! ء ا�� /��أ إ��ت ا���ور "� ا-$ ,+$ �� ا�) �� ����ور "=> ٣/�0: �9ل ا���ت . ٢٥º-٢٠ا�$/2 واوا*2 ,+$ �/� ودر&ت ا�)$ارة ا��01� $> م و/�?

�*$ و��?�ن �B C�%D� �%%Dو� �=�E� وراقGص٥ – ٣ا�%"

• Ambrosia trifida did not presented in Egypt yet and the imported plant must be zero Ambrosia trifida seeds. Ambrosia trifida has been recorded as a weed in Canada (Quebec to British Columbia), the USA (all areas except Florida, the southwest and the western states), and Japan.

• , is an erect branched annual herb 1-3 m tall, reproducing only by seed. The plant has a strong taproot, and the stems are coarsely hairy. The large stem leaves all occur in opposite pairs, and have short slightly winged petioles. The blades are entire or more commonly deeply 3 (occasionally 5) lobed and slightly hairy, with the margins finely toothed and each lobe tapering to a point. The numerous small green male flowers occur in slender terminal and upper axillary spikes, whilst the few inconspicuous green female flowers occur in the axils of the upper leaves. Fertilisedfemale flowers develop into thick blunt grey woody fruits 6-13 mm long with a central boss surrounded by several short blunt spikes, and each contains a single seed.

Ambrosia trifida

Ambrosia artemisifolie

� ��ور•� ���9$ و/!J -�0 ا�����ردات ا���K� �$ ��%$ و�B$ ��&�دة ��%$ و�+��� L ��M ه�ا ا���ع �Pج ا� را��Rا �*$ آ��$ة "�- J�و��.

•�=� �Tد��، وا��ر��� �0E�0 وا��=�� �0Dوراق ا��Gوا ����M )*�Mة ا& اء�E� �� . 2��� �اGزهر ��&� "0� هDر ��آ$ة وا��� ا�����0 ازه� �0Eر ا�/� اG"$ع، اGزه+� �"�1�Vر ا��� اGزه.

• Ambrosia artemisiifolia: Not presented in Egypt and have risk assessment for this reason the imported plant must be zero Ambrosia artemisiifolia seeds.

• Distribution: Ambrosia artemisiifolia has been recorded as a weed in: Oceania: Australia Hawaii. North & Central America: Canada, USA, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico. South America: Colombia, Brazil, Chile. Africa: Mauritius. Asia: Japan

• Erect branched annual plant 1-2 m tall which reproduces only by seed. It has a stout white taproot. The rather woody stems are finely hairy. The first leaves occur in a rosette, followed by opposite pairs of leaves on the lower stems with alternate leaves above. The leaves are divided into rather fern-like segments and are very finely hairy and up to 10 cm long. The flowers occur at the ends of the branches in erect green spikes, which consist either of a few female flowers at the base below a slender spike of male flowers or male flowers only. Fertilised female flowers develop into short thick fruits about 3 mm long with 5-7 short blunt spines around the apex.

Ambrosia artemisifolie

Saponaria officinalis. Silene pratensis Silene pratensis

Silene pratensis

Panicum miliaceumت ا�)���� /�0: �9ل ا���ت •��D�� ، X$ع و�T /?�ن ���> D�� $�B$ع ا��ق ١٠٠ -�٢٠� ا���

Y��9 :0�/ Z�1آ $E�� �['�٢- �&�� 2%�� �X ، ا��رYT ا�'�� ���Dح و��P ��]=� ا�%ل ا�'�� � Y��9 :0�/و ]/$P 2%ا�� �و/�X ا���$ادa �'$ض �Bاء . �X، وا���رة دا��١٧Y – ٥أذ�ت و���

$�"%Eا�.• Annual, stem 20-100 cm tall, simple or branchy below, usually hairy; leaf

plates and sheaths are also hairy. Inflorescence is panicle, up to 20 cm long, drooped, spreading or dense. Spikelets are one-floral, less often two-floral, ovoid, 3.5-4 mm long. Lower spikelet scale is longer than half the length of spikelet, with several ribs. Floral scales are shorter than upper spikelet scales, gristly, glabrous, shining. Caryopsides are 2-3 mm long, spherical or oval, dirty-yellow. Blossoming occurs in June-July, fructifying occurs in July-August. Stem is 20-100 cm tall, simple or branchy below, usually hairy; leaf plates and sheaths are also hairy. Inflorescence is panicle, up to 20 cm long, drooped, spreading or dense. Spikelets are one-floral, less often two-floral, ovoid, 3.5-4 mm long. Lower spikelet scale is longer than half the length of spikelet, with several ribs. Floral scales are shorter than upper spikelet scales, gristly, glabrous, shining. Caryopsides are 2-3 mm long, spherical or oval, dirty-yellow. Blossoming occurs in June-July, fructifying occurs in July-August.

• Distribution: All of the European part of the formet USSR, except for the Far North (as adventive plant), the Caucasus, Western and Eastern Siberia, the Far East. General distribution includes Western Europe, Anterior Asia, and (as adventive plant) Northern America.

Panicum miliaceum

Lolium temulentum

• � إ�� �Mا�+2% ��9/ ��*T ق*( ا�)���� ا����/� ذات ��١٠٠ – ٥٠ �� ا�) �X ور���Pة ا���ت و/�&� T �" �&�� ���� ذ�b ، اGوراق ���د��، &P �/ / فD, �*�B ���� +�� ���iت h ، ��"$9'�$ �� و&�د أذ/��ن، ا��]g ا��0Eي �eوراق أ-��L $d &�ا، ا�� ه" $�ت��T ،ةD�� $�B �0� �)�ر ا�����0 ا���E$ج وهP د��0� �?�ن ا�����iت ���Dر ا�� اGزه

jdا�� ��P ا�& �KD���.

• Annual winter herb, stem erect, 50-100 cm. long may be more, leaves alternate. sessile in the base of stem, with small ligules membranous, with two auricles, leaf surface very light green, inflorescence in terminal spikes, spikelets alternate in the axle of spike, spikelets awnless, lemma of lower flower very turgid at maturity.

Lolium temulentum

Aegilops cylindrica (Jointed goatgrass )

•h�%- �Pج ا� را��Rا �0P $9K� Yا�'�$ ��&�دة ��%$ و� )*�� ا�)� g�=ل ا��%(� �� �$ا2M ا���� اGو�" g�=ت ا��� Y��/ Y�أ k�M.

•Aegilops cylindrica وف$lا� m(� $�*( ا�)���� ا����/� و��?� أن /��� و/���� ا�)� م، ا��ق ا�]�ا��� وا��ر�T ١n٥ – ١ا��%$/� "� آ2 �)2�h ا����X ا����ي /�0: �9ل ا���ت

0hDا���]=� ا� ��E$ آ� ��&� أذ�ت "�� �['� ]/$P 2%وا�� ��B ا��%2 وا�'��، ذات ��� ��0��� �.وا�� ه�$ "

• Not present in Egypt yet and it’s have negative impact on all winter crops specific on wheat crop.

• Aegilops cylindrica is a winter annual grass vegetatively similar to wheat in the seed stage. It has a narrow, nonspreading inflorescense with the appearance of a series of joints being stacked upon top of each other.

• Leaf blades wide with hairs, Alternately arranged with auricles at their base and occasional hairs extending along the margins. Stems grow up to 1-1.5 m tall and are tipped with slender, cylindrical spikes

• .

Aegilops cylindrica

Setaria faberi

���رة •� $>*( ا�)���� ا��!���0 ��?��Pة ا���ت، )ا�)��(�� ا�)T �� �/$Dا�� $/ B ،XP وا��g ا��0Eي , � $E, 2%�0� �0Dا�� g[ا�� �� واLوراق ,$/]�� و/']�- $E .

/� اG"$ع +� �" 2�.��?�ن ا���• Distribution: North and Central America: USA (eastern and central

inland states and Florida), Canada, Mexico. Asia: Japan, China, Middle East. Europe: Central areas, Russia.

• Setaria faberi is a tufted annual grass, and reproduces only by seed. The plant consists of a number of tillers joined at the base by a common branched fibrous root system. The tillers are 80-200 cm tall. The leaf blades are softly hairy below and stiffly hairy above, 8-17 mm wide, and taper towards the tip. The ligules consist of a ring of hairs, and auricles are absent. Within each tiller the culmdevelops to produce a single dense spike-like inflorescence 7.5-20 cm long and 2-3 cm thick. The grains are plump and 1.5-2 mm long.

• Setaria faberi is a summer growing weed of cultivation, roadsides, wasteland and other disturbed sunny situations where there is adequate water.

Setaria spp

Galium aparine L.

• �*) ا�/ ����(�Y��9 :0 إ���١� ا�) � ور/=ت ١٠-٦ م ���q0، ا��ر�T ��?�ن � $E, �Tب -$وج ا��ر$T �&�� �=Eو"�ق ا� �=Eا� ��P ���=��� . <ا� �اGزهر "

�Tوا��ر.

• Tall climber, up to 1 m, with 6-10 linear-oblan-ceolate leaves at the nodes above which there are nearly always spreading hairs. Peduncles axillary, longer than leaves, some longer than 10 mm annual herb.

Galium aparine L.

Fallopia convolvulus, Polygonum pauciflorum*$ آ��$ة "� ا��)2�h ا����/� �21 ا�=. �B$ ��&�د ��%$•�- J��� �*( ا����k�M g أ�Y وه� �� ا�)

*( ا����, �=0�Y ا�q�0E و��D$ع و/�?<$ ا���ور�� ا�)�.•aة و&�ور�Pق ا�]�ا��� و/�D$ع �� ا�=� Y� ،( ا�)����*�. ����D واGوراق ���]� 0T���وه� �� ا�)

• Not present in Egypt yet, but, distribution in Australia, New Zealand, USA, Canada, Argentina, Chile, Japan, Iran, Jordan, India, Morocco, Tunisia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Yugoslavia, UK, Norway, Sweden, Turkey, Finland, Spain, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, France, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland. The species appear to remain outside the humid tropics. But its can adapt to a wide range of climate around the globe.

• Polygonum convolvulus is an annual herb; root fibrous, stems slender, freely branched from the base, trailing on the ground or twining-about other plants, 2.5 m long. Leaves are simple heart shaped, flowers are in spike-like racemes, small, greenish white, fruit are egg shape, seeds are 3 mm long, dull or shiny black.

• Polygonum convolvulus is a serious weed of many grain crops. Its twining habit causes lodging in grain so that the crop is difficult to harvest. A single plant which emerge early in the season can produce as many as 30,000 seeds. The seed can remain dormancy in the soil for several years.

• References: - Holm, LG, Plucknett DL, Pancho, JV and Herberger JP (1977) The world’s worst weeds distribution and biology. The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu.

Fallopia convolvulus

Lupinus angustifolius

� إ���اد� ���اض ��ا��� أو ���� و��� �رع ���� ��

Casia obtusifolia (Senna obtusifolia) .�B$ ��&�دة ��%$ •

• �� Y��9 :0�/ ا�)�ل �*� أو <���M ت��١n٢ – ٥n٥ ، XP� $E, ق م ��D$ع /']� ا�� �و/� ا��?2 ٣-٢اGوراق ���د�� و��E=� و��?�ن �d�� ت. ور/=ت وا��ر/=

• Not presented in Egypt yet. Naturalised Distribution Sicklepod (Sennaobtusifolia) is distributed mainly in the coastal and sub-coastal districts of northern Queensland and the Northern Territory. It has also been recorded in central Queensland and in the northern parts of Western Australia.Also widelynaturalisedin other parts of the world including south-eastern Asia (i.e. the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam) and Oceania (i.e. the GalapagosIslands, Palau and Hawaii).

• A short-lived annual or biennial shrub, growing to up to 2.5 m tall, but usually less than 2 m in height Plants produce numerous, branched, stems are usually softly hairy. The compound leaves are alternately arranged along the stems and are borne on relatively short petioles 15-20 mm long. They have two or three pairs of leaflets.

Casia

Fagopyrum esculentum (Buckwheat) young plant

��ت ا���Salvia verbenaca sub spp

� إ���اد� ���اض ��ا��� أو ���� و��� �رع ���� ��

paspaloidesPaspalum

� ا� JB، اGوراق •� ���- ��*T ق*( ا�)���� ا�%���D ذات ��� ا�)� �([�� �(� 2� أ-d$، ا�� ه�$ "� زوج �� ا���+��� �0�"� آM ذات ،��[/$, �0P 2

0� ���0��0، �?�ن ���]��0 Dا�� g[ا�� ��T 2%�$، ا�����iت ��&� "M �إ�. إه�0!��

• Annual grassy, stem erect, glabrous, leaves flat –linear, margin entire, green, inflorescence a pair of spikes, short pedicelled, spikelets on its lower surface, oblong –elliptic .

�ا&% $�# ا"! � � - ٢ paspaloidesPaspalum

Papaver rhoeas

Chanopodiumا���6ا Canihua

� إ���اد� ���اض ��ا��� أو ���� و��� �رع ���� ��

Ipomoea spp

• �� Y��9 2%/ ،q0��� أو Z�0� ،���M J�P٢ – ١ ،$�� ���0T وراقG2 ا?�. "%�ص ٣ أو �D%%� ا�

• Herbaceous annual with twinning or prostrate, 1 – 2 m. long, pilose stems, leaves heart shape or 3 lobed.

Ipomoea spp

Casia obtusifolia (Senna obtusifolia) .�B$ ��&�دة ��%$ •

• �� Y��9 :0�/ ا�)�ل �*� أو <���M ت��١n٢ – ٥n٥ ، XP� $E, ق م ��D$ع /']� ا�� �و/� ا��?2 ٣-٢اGوراق ���د�� و��E=� و��?�ن �d�� ت. ور/=ت وا��ر/=

• Not presented in Egypt yet. Naturalised Distribution Sicklepod (Sennaobtusifolia) is distributed mainly in the coastal and sub-coastal districts of northern Queensland and the Northern Territory. It has also been recorded in central Queensland and in the northern parts of Western Australia.Also widelynaturalisedin other parts of the world including south-eastern Asia (i.e. the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, Malaysia and Vietnam) and Oceania (i.e. the GalapagosIslands, Palau and Hawaii).

• A short-lived annual or biennial shrub, growing to up to 2.5 m tall, but usually less than 2 m in height Plants produce numerous, branched, stems are usually softly hairy. The compound leaves are alternately arranged along the stems and are borne on relatively short petioles 15-20 mm long. They have two or three pairs of leaflets.

Sesbania canabina (Retz.) Pers.

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.•$Dا�� $/ B ،�DMت ا� ا�)��ب وا�$/ و�� $>*( ا���E$ة /�?�� ا�)� �=�E�� ��D�� ة، وا�!�ور�P� ا�=� �/

� �]�=� ,���E، وا���0� ��Bي['/ �0Bو XP� �Tو�0/�9، �%2 ا��ر .• Distribution:• North and Central America: USA, Cuba, Mexico, Jamaica, Honduras, Nicaragua.

South America: Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela, Chile, Brazil, Bolivia, , Uruguay. Oceania: Australia (all states except Tasmania ?& NT), Fiji, Hawaii, New Zealand. Africa: South Africa , Mozambique, South Africa, Morocco, Tanzania. Asia: India, Israel, Lebanon, Pakistan, Philippines, Iran, Iraq, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Afghanistan, China, Sri Lanka, Jordan, Taiwan. Europe: Poland, Romania, Russia, Turkey, Yugoslavia, Italy, Spain, Bulgaria, Portugal.

• Sorghum halepense is a tall tufted perennial grass, reproducing mainly by seed butalso spreading rapidly by rhizomes. The plant consists of a number of tough woody tillers joined at the base by a common vigorous branched rhizome system with long tough fibrous roots. The leaf sheath is smooth and often waxy, and the ligule is short and erect. Each tiller terminates in a purplish much branched pyramidal inflorescence 20-30 cm long, consisting of a strong whitish rachis producing manyforked branches, each of which ends in 2 or 3 spikelets, only one of which is fertile. Fertilised florets develop into ovoid red or brown 3 mm long grains, which tend to be shed before harvest of the associated crop.

• Sorghum halepense is a very vigorous summer growing weed of summer crops, pastures, wetlands, along roadsides and railways, in wasteland, and in other disturbed sunny situations where there is adequate water. Under some conditions the foliage is poisonous to stock. It is a major alternate host for sorghum midge.

Sorghum halapense