Water Reuse

Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality

Water Quality Division

Tim Ward, P.E.

OML Water Summit

Water ReuseHistory of Water Reuse Standards

In 2010, representatives from a number of Oklahoma municipalities, through the Oklahoma Municipal League, expressed interest in using reclaimed water as a way to help conserve water due to the extreme droughts that Oklahoma has been experiencing.

These representatives met with the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) and a working group was formed with members from DEQ, various municipalities, technical experts from engineering firms, and members of the public.

Water ReuseHistory of Water Reuse Standards

Water ReuseHistory of Water Reuse Standards

Oklahoma Water Resources Board (OWRB).

HB 3055 Water for 2060 Act.

Water for 2060 Act sets statewide goal of consuming no more fresh water in 2060 than we consume today.

Water efficiency, conservation, recycling, and reuse will need to be implemented to meet that goal.

Water ReuseHistory of Water Reuse Standards

A review of other states’ water reuse regulations and implementation methods along with input from our working group and technical experts helped DEQ create water reuse regulations that fit the State of Oklahoma.

Water reuse regulations became effective July 1, 2012 and can be found online at

www.deq.state.ok.us/mainlinks/deqrules.htmOAC 252:656-27 Wastewater Reuse (Construction Standards)

Also updated 656-3-4 for Engineer’s Reports for Water Reuse

OAC 252:627 Water Reuse (Operations Standards)

Water Reuse Definitions

"Water reuse system" means a treatment and distribution system designed to treat and supply reclaimed water.

"Reclaimed water" means wastewater that has gone through various treatment processes to meet specific water quality criteria with the intent of being used in a beneficial manner. (OAC 252:656-1-2)

“Supplier” means a person or entity that treats and provides reclaimed water pursuant to a permit issued by DEQ.

“User” means a person or entity that uses reclaimed water. In those instances in which the supplier and the user are the same entity, the entity is a “supplier” subject to the provisions of OAC 252:627 Water Reuse.

Water ReuseA Regulatory Perspective

Wastewater to be reclaimed and reused was divided into four categories (2, 3, 4, & 5) with Category 1 reserved when water reuse regulations were first written.

Each category has specific treatment, reuses, testing frequencies, limits, and monthly reporting requirements.

The DEQ and its Water Reuse Technical and Water Quality Committees are working on strategies for “Indirect Potable Reuse” and “Direct Potable Reuse” for the future.

“Indirect Potable Reuse” would be classified as a Category 1(a) for surface, Category 1(b) for groundwater, and Direct Potable Reuse would be classified as Category 1(c).

Water ReuseA Regulatory Perspective

“Categories” of water reuse were determined by several factors, including: Final usage of the reclaimed water Potential for human contact Technology required to protect the environment and

public health Technology currently available at the wastewater

treatment facility

Methods for Unplanned and Planned Potable Reuse

Unplanned Indirect Potable Reuse Planned Indirect Potable Reuse Direct Potable Reuse

Unplanned Indirect Potable Reuse

Surface Wateror Groundwater

City B

City A

WastewaterFacility

Water Treatment Facility

Planned Indirect Potable Reuse

Advanced WastewaterFacility

Water Treatment Facility

Surface Wateror Groundwater

Environmental Buffer

Direct Potable Reuse

Surface Wateror Groundwater

Water Treatment Facility

EngineeredBuffer

Advanced WastewaterFacility

Methods for Non Potable Reuse

Irrigation Concrete mixing Dust control Industrial cooling towers Toilet and urinal flushing Fire protection Vehicle washing Range cattle watering

Water ReuseCategories of Reclaimed Water

Category

Treatment Reuses

1 Reserved (for potable reuse)

2 Secondary Treatment,nutrient removal, coagulation, filtration & disinfection

Drip irrigation on orchards & vineyards; spray or drip on sod farms, public landscapes, golf courses, and toilets, fire protection, vehicle washing, and range cattle watering.

3 Secondary Treatment plus disinfection

Subsurface irrigation of orchards or vineyards; restricted access landscapes; livestock pasture, concrete mixing, dust control, restricted golf course irrigation.

4 Primary Lagoon Treatment and Lagoon Storage plus disinfection

Soil compaction, similar construction activities, and restricted access golf course irrigation.

5 Primary Lagoon Treatment and Lagoon Storage

Restricted access pasture irrigation for range cattle, fiber, seed, forage, silviculture.

Category 2Testing, Frequency, and Limits

Testing Frequency Limits

Turbidity continuous Not to exceed• daily average 2 NTU• 5 NTU>5% of daily max per

month• 10 NTU

Chlorine at POE continuous • free chlorine ≥ 1.0 mg/l

Chlorine at EOP daily • free chlorine ≥ 0.2 mg/l or• combined chlorine ≥ 0.50

mg/l

Fecal Coliform daily • No detectable organisms in 4 of last 7 daily samples

• Single sample max ≤ 23 cfu/100 ml

Nitrogen/Phosphorus monthly • ≤ most stringent agronomic rate

CBOD5 weekly • < 5.0 mg/l

Category 3Testing, Frequency, and Limits

Testing Frequency

Limits

Chlorine at POE 12 hours • free chlorine ≥ 0.2 mg/l or• combined chlorine ≥ 0.50

mg/l

Fecal Coliform 3/week • Monthly geometric mean of < 200 cfu/100 ml

• Single sample < 400 cfu/100 ml

Nitrogen/Phosphorus monthly • ≤ most stringent agronomic rate

CBOD5 weekly • < 20 mg/l

Category 4Testing, Frequency, and Limits

Testing Frequency Limits

Chlorine at POE daily • free chlorine ≥ 0.20 mg/l or• combined chlorine ≥ 0.50

mg/l

Fecal Coliform weekly • Monthly geometric mean of < 200 cfu/100 ml

• Single sample < 800 cfu/100 ml

Dissolved oxygen weekly • > 2.0 mg/l

Category 5Testing, Frequency, and Limits

Testing Frequency Limits

none none none

Category 5 is required to maintain MORs (DEQ Form No. 627-MOR) on-site, reporting temperature, rainfall, start time, stop time, gallons reused, and site area in acres.

Water ReusePriorities for Implementation

This rule requires a “Permit to Supply”

A facility with an existing Land Application Permit will be required to apply for a “Permit to Supply.”

This rule will effect approximately 140 existing facilities with the following categories:

Category 3 less than 10 facilities Category 4 less than 10 facilities Category 5 125 facilities

To put this on a five year cycle and to avoid issuing permits all at once, the DEQ will be sending letters to only 20% of existing permittees each year to apply for this permit.

The Land Application Permit will serve as the “Permit to Supply” until you get a letter asking you to apply.

An Industrial user from a Municipal discharging facility will be renewed with the OPDES Permit

Permits will then be renewed every five (5) years.

New Permitting Forms

Construction Forms

Fee Schedule Application Form 583-B Water Reuse Engineering

Report Form 627-WRER Land Application Plan of

Operation Form 627-LAP

Discharge Forms

2M1 2M2

If any concerns or ideas, contactWendy Sheets

Water Quality Division(405) 702-8100

Water Reuse Sub Committees

Technology Water Quality Standards Oil and Gas (April 2014)

Water ReuseRegulatory Priorities for FY 2014

Construction Standards promulgated for FY 2014 became effective September 12, 2014:

Traveling Bridge Filters Disc and Cloth Filters Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) Disinfection Systems

Technology Sub-Committee

Co-Chairmen Tom Crowley, P.E., Carollo and Gary Hunter, P.E., Black and Veatch

Priorities FY 2015: Disinfection Technologies:

Onsite hypochlorite generationOzonation

Filtration TechnologiesMembrane Filters (Ultra, Micro, Nano, and Reverse Osmosis)

Wash down of Wastewater Treatment Plant Equipment with Reclaimed Water

Water Reuse Flow Diagram

Big Springs, Texas CDM Smith

Water Treatment Plant

Primary Clarifier

s

Final Clarifier

s

Aeration Basins

Filters

Screening

Membrane Filtration

Reverse Osmosis

Distribution

UVRadiatio

n

H2O2

Advanced Wastewater Treatment

Wastewater Treatment

IPR DPR

Engineered Buffer

Environmental Buffer

Wastewater

Discharge

Guidance Documents

Membrane Bioreactors

Peracetic Acid Disinfection (PAA)

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP)

CT for Chlorine for Category 2 Reuse

Water Quality Standards Sub Committee

Chairman Michael Graves, Garver Engineering

Meeting with DEQ and OWRB (Oklahoma Water Resources Board)

Working on a “White Paper” for path forward on indirect potable reuse for Sensitive Water Supply (SWS) designated lake discharges and direct potable reuse

To discharge to a SWS it must be demonstrated “…to the satisfactory of the permitting authority that a new point source discharge or increased load from an existing point source discharge will result in maintaining or improving the water quality of both the direct receiving water and any downstream water bodies designated SWS.” [OAC 785:45-5-25c(4)B]

Oil and Gas Sub Committee

Co-Chairmen: Rick McCurdy, Chesapeake and Stewart Fairburn, City of Chickasha

DEQ and Oklahoma Corporation Commission are negotiating a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) on jurisdictional issues.

Water reuse for hydraulic fracturing to be added as a Category 3 use

Oil and Gas Production Make-up Water to be added as a Category 2 use

Industrial Water Reuses

Industrial wastewater characteristics are diverse so water reuse permits have been evaluated and issued on a case by case basis

Examples: Eagle Rock White Hawk golf course uses Kimberly-Clark’s

effluent

Many quarries and concrete batch plants use their wastewater for dust suppression

Hiland Dairy near Chandler land applies their treated wastewater producing Bermuda grass hay thus eliminating a high strength waste discharge to the city

Purple Pipe

All reclaimed water piping, valves, outlets and appurtenances in distribution systems shall be colored purple (Pantone 522).

Existing systems will not be required to put in purple pipe, but will need to mark pipe with appropriate signage.