online.sestrainingsolutions.co.uk...Page 2 of 129. Whilst all reasonable care has been taken to...

$Page 1: online.sestrainingsolutions.co.uk...Page 2 of 129. Whilst all reasonable care has been taken to ensure that the \爀搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀Ⰰ 漀瀀椀渀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ$
Engineering Excellence

www.sestrainingsolutions.co.uk

Specialists in Training & Consultancy

http://www.hvtraining.co.uk/

thompson

Typewritten text

High Voltage Senior Authorised Persons Refresher Module 1

Page 2 of 129

thompson

Typewritten text

Whilst all reasonable care has been taken to ensure that the description, opinions, listings and diagrams are accurate and workable. The author Carl Thompson does not accept any legal responsibility or liability to any person, organisation or other entity for any direct loss, consequential loss or damage, however caused, that may be suffered as a result of the use of this publication. You must ensure your understanding of your companies policy and procedures. All rights reserved. No part of this handout may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Any contravention of these rights is liable to criminal prosecution for piracy.

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED

Standard Switching Terminology and Approved Abbreviations

Page 3 of 129


Site Energy Services Ltd – Power System Operations Manual – Section4.3

Revision Log

Page 4 of 129



CONTENTS PAGE

1 Introduction............................................................................................... ................................ 4

2 Purpose ............................................................................................... ...................................... 4

3 Scope ............................................................................................... ......................................... 4

4 Definitions ................................................................................................................................. 4

5 Switching Terminology............................................................................................... ................. 4

6 Abbreviations............................................................................................... .............................. 4

7 Appendix 1 – Switching Instructions ............................................................... .............................. 5

8 Appendix 2 – Acceptable Abbreviations............................................................... .......................... 7

Page 5 of 129



1 INTRODUCTION

To ensure uniformity and avoid misunderstanding, instructions for the operation of switchgear Shallwherever possible be given using standard Switching terminology. The use of abbreviations in operationaldiscussions or for use on Switching Schedules or Safety Documents Shall also follow an agreed standard.

2 PURPOSE

2.1 To provide details of the Approved Switching Terminology and acceptable abbreviations suitable foruse on Switching Schedules, Safety Documents and other operational documents.

3 SCOPE

3.1 This policy applies to all Site Energy Services Ltd employees and its contractors who areinvolved with operational activities where documents such as those detailed above arerequired.

4 DEFINITIONS

The words printed in bold text within this document are either headings or definitions. The definitions areeither defined within this section or the Company’s Distribution Safety Rules.

5 SWITCHING TERMINOLOGY

5.1 Wherever possible, standard terminology should be used when instructing/ receiving Switchinginstructions on the Company’s High Voltage System and when preparing Switching Schedules.

5.2 Due to the variation of switchgear on the System it is impractical to provide detailed Switchingterminology for each individual piece of Apparatus.

5.3 It remains the responsibility of the Authorised Person on site to carry out the necessary actions onthe Apparatus to achieve the required operation.

5.4 Typical Switching and Operational instructions are included in Appendix 1.

6 ABBREVIATIONS

6.1 The use of abbreviations is optional, however where they are used they should wherever possiblefollow those detailed in this policy.

6.2 A list of acceptable abbreviations is contained in Appendix 2.

Page 6 of 129



7 APPENDIX 1 – SWITCHING INSTRUCTIONS

Where confirmation of the state of Apparatus is sought the term ‘Confirm’ may be used to supplement aSwitching Instruction e.g. ‘CONFIRM OPEN’ or CONFIRM CME REMOVED’.

HV Switching Instruction

TO MAKE PARALLEL

CLOSE TO ENERGISE

TO POSSIBLE FAULT

DEAD OPERATION

LIVE LINE DISCONNECT (USING LIVE TECHNIQUES)

PADMOUNT OPERATIONS

DISCONNECT

HV FUSES OR HV LINKS

REMOVE

OPEN AND LEAVE HANGING

TO BREAK PARALLEL

OPEN TO DE-ENERGISE

DEAD OPERATION

LIVE LINE RE-CONNECT (USING LIVE TECHNIQUES)

RE-CONNECT

REPLACE

HANG ONLY

HV Isolation Instruction

APPLY L&CN

APPLY CN

APPLY L&CN TO ??? (?=CIRCUIT, BUSBAR OR VT SHUTTERS)

ISOLATE

REMOVE L&CN ONLY

REMOVE L&CN AND CLOSE

REMOVE CN ONLY

REMOVE CN AND ???????

RESTORE TO SERVICE

HV Earthing Operation Instruction

CLOSE TO EARTH

TEST AND CLOSE EARTH SWITCH

CLOSE EARTH SWITCH

TEST AND APPLY PORTABLE FLEXIBLE EARTH

TEST AND APPLY CME

SELECT TO ??? EARTH (?= CIRCUIT OR BUSBAR)

CLOSE TO ??? EARTH (?= CIRCUIT OR BUSBAR)

OPEN FROM EARTH

OPEN EARTH SWITCH

REMOVE PORTABLE FLEXIBLE EARTH REMOVE CME

LV Operation Instruction

APPLY LV BACKFEED

ISOLATE & APPLY CN

REPLACE LV FUSE

REMOVE LV BACKFEED

REMOVE CN & RESTORE

REMOVE LV FUSE

Generator Instructions

CONNECT LV GENERATOR - DEAD

CONNECT LV GENERATOR - SYNCH

REMOVE LV GENERATOR – DEAD

REMOVE LV GENERATOR - SYNCH

Page 7 of 129



Safety Documents

ISSUE PTW

RE-ISSUE PTW

ISSUE SFT

RE-ISSUE SFT

ISSUE LOA

ISSUE SAFETY DECLARATION

ISSUE IEC

CANCEL PTW

SUSPEND PTW

CANCEL SFT

SUSPEND SFT

CANCEL LOA

CANCEL SAFETY DECLARATION

CANCEL IEC

Field Control

ISSUE STANDARD FIELD CONTROL RETURN STANDARD FIELD CONTROL

ISSUE ENHANCED FIELD CONTROL RETURN ENHANCED FIELD CONTROL

Cables

INFORM CONTROL ABOUT TO SPIKE

CONFIRM CABLE IDENTIFIED

INFORM CONTROL CABLE SPIKED

Testing

CARRY OUT PHASE CHECK

CHECK PHASE ROTATION

CARRY OUT PROTECTION TEST

PHASE CHECK REQUIRED

CHECK VOLTS

CARRY OUT TRIP TEST

NER’s

CLOSE TO RESISTANCE EARTH

CLOSE TO SOLID EARTH

OPEN FROM RESISTANCE EARTH

OPEN FROM SOLID EARTH

Overhead Activities

LIVE LINE WORK

BREAK JUMPERS

SWITCH OFF AUTO RECLOSE

FIT LL BYPASS JUMPERS

REMAKE JUMPERS

SWITCH ON AUTO RECLOSE

Miscellaneous

CHECK & RESET PROTECTION REMOVE TRIP LINK

Page 8 of 129



8 APPENDIX 2 – ACCEPTABLE ABBREVIATIONS

AAC Alternating Current ABSD Air Break Switch Disconnector

ACB Air Circuit Breaker AE Additional Earth

AR Auto Reclose ASL Automatic Sectionalising Link

Aux. Auxiliary AVC Automatic Voltage Control

BBB Busbar BBSS Bus Bar Selector Switch

BBI Bus Bar Isolator BC Bus Coupler

BS Bus Section

CCB Circuit Breaker CCT Circuit

CME Circuit Main Earth CN Caution Notice

CO Change Over (Scheme) CO2 Carbon Dioxide fire protection

CT Current Transformer

DDAR Delayed Auto Reclose DC Direct Current

DEF Directional Earth Fault DNE Direct Neutral Earth

DOC Directional Over Current DN Danger Notice

DT Distribution Transformer

E

EF Earth Fault ES Earth Switch

ET Earthing Transformer EFI Earth Fault Indicator

FFT Fault Thrower Fdr.I Feeder isolator

IIEC Isolation and Earthing Certificate

L

L&CN Lock and Caution Notice L&CN BBS Lock and Caution Notice Busbar Shutters

L&CN FS Lock and Caution Notice Feeder Shutters L&CN BFS Lock and Caution Notice Busbar and Feeder Shutters

LDC Line Drop Compensation LES Line Earth Switch

LI Line Isolator LL Live Line

LLT Live Line Tap LOA Limitation of Access

LO Lock Off LV Low Voltage

Page 9 of 129



MMDI Maximum Demand Indicator MI Motorised Power Isolator

MOAB Motorised Air Break MU Metering Unit

NNER Neutral Earthing Resistor NI Non-Interlocked

NVD Neutral Voltage Displacement

OOC Overcurrent OH Overhead

OHL Overhead Line

PP(n) Pole (number) PFM Post Fault Maintenance

PRM Planned Routine Maintenance PTW Permit to Work

PM Pole Mounted PMR Pole Mounted Recloser

PT Pole Transformer

RREF Restricted Earth Fault RM Routine Maintenance

RMU Ring Main Unit

SSBEF Standby Earth Fault SD Switch Disconnector

Sec. Sup. Secondary supplies SEF Sensitive Earth Fault

Seq. Sw. Sequence Switching scheme SF Switchfuse

SFT Sanction For Test SF6 Sulphur Hexafluoride

SGT Super Grid Transformer SL Safety Lock

SOP Suspension of Operating Practice SOR System Operational Requirement

SS Substation SW Switch

Sync Synchronisation

TT Tower TC Tap Changer

TX Primary Transformer

UUG Underground

VVT Voltage Transformer

Page 10 of 129

Site Energy Serviceswww.sestrainingsolutions.co.uk

Copyright © Carl Thompson 2018 All rights reserved.

Site Energy Services

Training Solutions & Assessment

Senior Authorised Persons Module 1

INDUCTION

Welcome to the training centre, please be aware this is a

working environment and you should treat it as such.

In the rooms you will find information on the address of the

centre, should you require it in an emergency.

Please always make your tutor / or assessor aware of any

issues that a rise. We want you to enjoy the course and the

environment your in. Whilst learning something.

Page 11 of 129



ADMINISTRATION

If you have not done so, please complete the attendance

sheet for the course you are attending. This will be a

register should an evacuation occur. This is to be done

daily.

DO NOT ENTER INTO PRIVATE OFFICE AREAS WITHOUT

PERMISSION. Or you may be asked to leave the premises.

Car Parking is free but look out for pedestrians and other

vehicles on the site. Because the area is large, vehicles

and pedestrians tend to approach from all angles.

ADMINISTRATION

THE CANDIDATES EMPLOYERS ASK TO BE NOTIFIED OF

ANY ABSENCES / LATE ARRIVALS / EARLY DEPARTURES.

TELEPHONE FACILITIES ARE AVAILABLE FOR

REASONABLE USE UPON REQUEST IN THE RECEPTION

AREA.

PLEASE LEAVE MOBILE TELEPHONES SWITCHED OFF

DURING TRAINING.

THE CENTRE TELEPHONE NUMBER IS 01782 461506

E-MAIL ADDRESS IS [email protected]

Page 12 of 129

mailto:[email protected]



Personal Belonging Disclaimer

Site Energy Services Ltd cannot

accept responsibility for loss or

damage of property or vehicles

left on the car park or in the

training centre.

BREAK PERIODS

PLEASE CLEAR AWAY AFTER YOU.

ANY SPILLAGES PLEASE CLEAN UP OR ASK OUR RECEPTION STAFF

TO.

DISPOSE OF ANY LEFTOVERS IN THE BIN PROVIDED, AND PLACE

CUPS IN THE DISHWASHER.

PLEASE LEAVE CHAIRS TIDY

TREAT OUR PREMISES WITH RESPECT PLEASE, NO FEET ON

FURNITURE OR DIRTY CLOTHING.

Page 13 of 129



HEALTH

SMOKING

THE CENTRE IS DESIGNATED A

‘NO SMOKING AREA’.

SMOKING IS THEREFORE NOT PERMITTED

EXCEPT IN DESIGNATED AREAS OUTSIDE THE

BUILDING.

HEALTH

FIRST AID

NO MEDICINES OR PAIN KILLERS WILL BE

OFFERED OR ADMINISTERED TO YOU.

A FIRST AIDER IS ALWAYS ON THE PREMISES TO

OFFER ASSISTANCE, REPORT TO ADMIN IN THE

RECEPTION OR YOUR TUTORFULL FIRST AIDERS ARE: WENDY, CARL OR MICHAELEMERGENCY FIRST AIDERS: SIMON

Page 14 of 129



SAFETY

PORTABLE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

NO PORTABLE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MAY BE

BROUGHT ON SITE WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE

CENTRE MANAGER.

We accept phone chargers and laptops placed to avoid

tripping hazards.

Be Careful and do watch your step

Controlling slips and trips risks at work

See it, sort it, or tell us to sort it!

Page 15 of 129



SAFETY

STATUTORY REGULATIONS

THE TRAINING CENTRE IS A WORK PLACE AND AS

SUCH ALL APPROPRIATE STATUTORY REGULATIONS

MUST BE OBSERVED.

DRUGS, ALCOHOL AND SOLVENT ABUSE WILL NOT BE

TOLERATED.

WILL CANDIDATES REFRAIN FROM LEANING BACK ON

CHAIRS AS WE WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR

ACCIDENTS OCCURING. COATS / JACKETS CAN BE

PLACED ON THE COAT HOOKS PROVIDED.

EVACUATIONFOR EVACUATION OF THE BUILDING PLEASE GATHER at the Red Post Box at the end of the drive at the front of the building

THIS WILL ALLOW TRAINERS OR THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR VISITORS TO CONFIRM ALL PERSONS HAVE LEFT THE BUILDING.

FIRE ESCAPES ARE LOCATED AT THE REAR OF THE BUILDING VIA THE WORKSHOP.

OR LEAVE IN AN ORDERLEY FASHION BY THE FRONT ENTRANCE OF THE BUILDING.

IT IMPORTANT YOU DO THIS TO AVOID US OR THE EMERGENCY SERVICES FROM UNNECESSARILY LOOKING FOR YOU.

Page 16 of 129



You are here!

Please muster in this area indicated by red arrow point on evacuation of the premises.Although we evacuate, other premises may still be unaware of the issue we have in our centre so please look out for traffic when walking to the muster point

You are here

Red Post Box

PROBLEMS WITH ANY ASPECT OF THE TRAINING

COURSE WHETHER ADMINISTRATIVE, OR

OPERATIONAL SHOULD BE INITIALLY ADDRESSED TO

THE COURSE TUTOR, BUT IF NOT RESOLVED, TO THE

CENTRE MANAGER, AND IF STILL NOT RESOLVED, TO

THE MANAGING DIRECTOR.

THE COURSE EVALUATION SHEETS MAY ALSO BE

USED FOR IDENTIFYING PROBLEMS OR

CONSTRUCTIVE CRITICISM

APPEALS

Page 17 of 129



If for any reason you cannot attend any of your course,

your assessment will not take place.

Please make every effort to attend, as all aspects of the

course are essential.

Attendance

House keeping

Telephones

Fire Alarms

Are you sitting comfortably ?

Facilities

Page 18 of 129



House keeping

Can you now complete the learner

registration form please.

Have you signed the attendance

register?

Introductions

Who am I & who are you?

Page 19 of 129



Site Energy Services SES

In the past 10 years, 131 people were killed and 3,374 injured through accidents or by deliberate interference with electricity supplies: an average of 13 fatalities and 337 injuries a year.

So why are we here?

To enable you as Senior Authorised Persons to continuemanaging personnel to:

•enter substations

•switch room’s for specific duties

•work in the vicinity of electrical apparatus using safepractices, aware of the requirement for appropriate safetydocuments to have been issued

•recognise the dangers associated with high and low voltagepower equipment.

Whilst enforcing awareness for the implementation of safesystems of works (SSOW) for business premises and assets

Page 20 of 129



So what is High Voltage

High Voltage

a voltage exceeding 1000 volts AC or 1500 volts DC –modern large ships, factories etc

Low Voltage

a voltage not exceeding 1000 volts AC or 1500 volts DC – your home, small businesses

So?

What’s in it?

What way does it?

What way can it turn?

How do we measure it?

How do we compare it?

Page 21 of 129



Safety Rules

Safety Rules are designed to ensure the safe operation of plant and apparatus, and ensure that the general public and Persons at work are safe guarded from hazards arising from the system

By following yours you are going to some length to stay within the law.

Safety Rules

BASIC SAFETY RULES

This set of Basic Safety Rules and has been compiled to cover in a compact and easily understood form those features of the Rules that directly concern those to whom they are issued. It is important that recipients should, in their own interests, be fully familiar with these Basic Safety Rules to ensure their own safety. They Shall also report all hazards to their Supervisor. It is the duty of all persons who may be concerned with the control, operation, work or testing, on or in the near vicinity of apparatus or plant to which these rules apply, to implement the Safety Rules and to comply with them and with related Codes and Procedures.

Ignorance of the relevant legal requirements, Safety Rules, Codes or Procedures Shall not be accepted as an excuse for neglect of duty.

Page 22 of 129



Safety Rules

BASIC SAFETY RULES

1 No person Shall enter a substation, open a link or box or distribution pillar, climb a pole or tower, touch the insulation covering or supporting any Conductor, disturb a cable, or interfere with any other item of electrical equipment unless they are specifically authorised in writing to carry out these duties, or have received a particular instruction to do so. Any written authorisation given to persons to perform theirdesignated role in implementing the Basic Safety Rules Shall indicate the class / voltage of operation and/or work permitted and the section of system to which the authorisation applies.

Safety Rules

BASIC SAFETY RULES

2 No person Shall commence work until he fully understands the instructions he has received and in no circumstances Shall he exceed those instructions.

Should any person consider that the instructions given cannot be carried out safely, he has the right to have the matter referred to a higher authority for a decision before proceeding.

Page 23 of 129



Safety Rules

BASIC SAFETY RULES

3 No person Shall interfere with earth connections, locks. Danger and Caution Notices, safety barriers, lamps or flags or other safety devices.

These Shall be moved only by, or under the Personal Supervision of an Authorised Person. No work Shall be done outside the demarcated work area/work zone defined by Danger and Caution Notices, roping, barriers or other means.

Safety Rules

BASIC SAFETY RULES

4 No person Shall enter an underground chamber through a restricted access such as a manhole, or a vessel that has previously contained oil or other flammable or toxic substances, until instructed to do so by the 'person-in-charge' after the necessary safety precautions have been taken and unless, where necessary, there is a person outside who Shall keep in touch with those inside the underground chamber or vessel.

Page 24 of 129



Safety Rules

BASIC SAFETY RULES

5 No person Shall smoke or use an exposed flame in any underground chamber, indoor substation, tunnel or other similar enclosure until it has been established by the 'person-in-charge' that it is safe to do so.

6 No person Shall work in any substation or other enclosure equipped with automatic fire-fighting equipment until instructed to do so by the 'person-in-charge'. Entry into any space in which there has been a fire Shall not be attempted until instructed by the 'person-In-charge'.

Safety Rules

BASIC SAFETY RULES

7 No person Shall take a vehicle, crane, mobile work platform, ladder, scaffold pole,plank or any other long object into a substation building or compound, nor Shall they be used or moved therein, until instructed by the 'person-in-charge'.

Ladders and other long objects Shall be carried parallel to the ground and as low as reasonably practicable.

Page 25 of 129



Safety Rules

BASIC SAFETY RULES

8 Where any work under these Basic Safety Rules and related documents and procedures takes place, appropriate safety equipment and protective clothing of an Approved type Shall be issued and used in accordance with management instructions.

At all times employees are expected to wear sensible clothing andfootwear having regard to the work being carried out.

Safety Rules BASIC SAFETY RULES

9 All persons who may be concerned with the operation of, or work in proximity to, Any electrical system and associated plant and apparatus, Shall be trained in and be conversant with the treatment of electric shock.

10 When excavation work is carried out in proximity to live cables by anyone or their staff or their contractors, the work Shall be done in accordance with NJUG National Joint Utility Guidance and HSE guidance notes.

11 When working on or near cables, it must be assumed that any cable, whether with exposed conductors or not, is Live, until and unless It is proved dead by Approved means.

Page 26 of 129



Safety Rules BASIC SAFETY RULES

12 All electrical accidents and dangerous occurrences involving theHigh Voltage System or associated plant or apparatus Shall be reported immediately to the appropriate Control Engineer.All electrical accidents and dangerous occurrences involving theLow Voltage System or associated plant or apparatus Shall be reported Immediately to the Control Engineer or supervisor responsible for the activity concerned.In these Basic Safety Rules, the 'person-in-charge' referred to above will have the necessary authority and be a Competent Person (or Authorised Person or Senior Authorised Person) as defined in the Standard SSOW Safe System of Works -Safety Rules which means he will also have the competence to avoid danger. It is his duty to ensure that any relevant Rules in the complete Safety Rules are observed. It is also his duty to ensure that his work does not exceed that for which he holds the necessary authority and safety documentation.

Golden Rules of an SAP1. Just because everyone else has low standards you SHALL not

2. If its not in date or within its maintenance cycle you SHALL not operate it

3. Treat the inexperienced as someone who needs Personal Supervision at alltimes

4. Do not break the rules of the site or the safe system of work

5. Before you touch it – test to prove its dead

6. Arc & Flash proof clothing and PPE SHALL be worn by everyone during yourjobs

7. Safety Documents SHALL be written clearly, correct and unambiguously

8. Explain the safety documents & work instructions methodically every time.

9. If it feels wrong, STOP. Do not be rushed or coerced as you’re the one withresponsibility should it go wrong or you get caught.

10. If you have not got the equipment do not do the job.

Page 27 of 129



The Law

Health & Safety at Work Act 1974

Consequence's for ignoring and not complying can mean either the business or employee can be charged with an offence.

Compliance has to be done to stay within the law

3 main reasons why an organisation has to manage health & safety:

1. Moral – based on a person’s general duty of care notto cause harm to himself or others in the workplace.

2. Legal – based on the requirements of statute law(Acts of Parliament, Regulations and Orders).

3. Financial – Incidents cost money to the company

Page 28 of 129



Health & Safety at Work Act 1974

Application

Under present day law all persons involved in the working environment can be prosecuted. This is from Top management to Craftsperson's.

Creates duties for:Employers Employees Others Makes it everybody’s business

To involve:

Employers Employees Managers Contractors, subcontractors Controllers of premises

Manufacturers, suppliers, retailers etc.

To protect everyone including members of the public.

Consequences of Non Compliance

Company

Improvement notice

Prohibition notice

Prosecution

Accidents

Fines

Imprisonment

Personal

Accidents

Disciplinary

Prosecution

Fines

Imprisonment

You may have a reduced insurance claim

awarded to you – to support your family and

you!

Page 29 of 129



The Health and Safety at Work Act gives Legal Responsibilities to:

• Your Company / Employer

•You the Employee

The Health and Safety at Work Act gives Legal Responsibilities of your employer:

• to ensure, “So far as is reasonably practical” The health, safety and welfare at workof all employees. (To provide and maintain a working environment that is safe)

• to Provide & maintain systems of work (Plant/Apparatus) that are “So far as isreasonably practical”, safe and without risk to health

• to“So far as is reasonably practical” to ensure that any place of work under theircontrol is maintained and kept in a condition that is safe and without risk to health.

• to provide and maintain a means of access and egress (including escape) from theplace of work that are safe and free from risk.

• has a duty to non-employees to Conduct their undertakings in such a way as toensure “So far as is reasonably practical”, that persons who are not in theiremployment and who may be affected by the work, are not exposed to any risks totheir health.

• To provide information, training and supervision

• To arrange safe use, handling, storage and transport for articles and substances

Page 30 of 129



The Health and Safety at Work Act gives Legal Responsibilities to you the employee:

The Employee has a duty to:

• Take all reasonable care, whilst at work, for their own Health & Safety, and also for that of other persons who may be affected by their actions or omissions.

• To co-operate with their employer and to assist in any legal duty

placed on them

• Not intentionally or recklessly interfere with anything that is

provided in the interest of health, safety and welfare.

Powers and duties of inspectors

Enter premises:

Examine

Investigate

Obtain assistance

Seize evidence

Measure, record, etc.

Question staff

Serve notices:Improvement (remedy)Prohibition (stop work)Avoid imminent danger:Seize and destroyProsecute for offences

Enforcement is managed by the Health and Safety Executive

Who employ HSE Inspectors

Page 31 of 129



Electricity at Work Regulations 1989

These Regulations are made under the Health & Safety at Work Act 1974.


Under these regulations some regulations are:

“Absolute” “Shall”

or

“So far as is reasonably practical”.

Page 32 of 129




“Absolute” “Shall”

The requirement MUST be achieved regardless of:

Cost Time Trouble


“SO FAR AS REASONABLY PRACTICAL”

Here a decision can be made as whether it is worth taking particular precautions injury or Accident is unlikely, and the precautions would be time consuming or expensive.

RiskCost, Time

Trouble

Page 33 of 129



Reasonably practicable

The minimum standard that the law will accept in creating and keeping a safe and healthy workplace is that all that is reasonably practicable has been done.

Electricity at work Regulations 1989


Duties Reg. 3Systems, Work Activities, Protective Equipment Reg. 4Capability Reg. 5Adverse or Hazardous Environments Reg. 6Installation, Protection, Placing of Conductors Reg. 7Earthling & Integrity, Other Precautions Reg. 8 & 9Connections Reg 10Excess current protection Reg 11Isolation and cutting off supply Reg 12Work Space, Access & Lighting Reg 15

Page 34 of 129





Precautions for work on equipment made:

Dead working Regulation 13

Work on or near live conductors working Regulation 14

Persons to be competent to prevent danger and injury(Competence) Regulation 16


Regulation 13

Precautions for work on equipment made dead

Adequate precautions shall be taken to prevent electrical equipment, which has been made dead in order to prevent danger while work is carried out on or near that equipment, from becoming electrically charged during that work if danger may thereby arise.

Page 35 of 129




Regulation 14: Work on or near live conductors

No person shall be engaged on any work activity on or so near any live conductor (other than one suitably covered with insulating material so as to prevent danger) that danger may arise unless –

A. it is unreasonable in all the circumstances for it to be dead; and

B. it is reasonable in all the circumstances for him to work on or near it where it is live; and

C. suitable precautions (including where necessary the provisions of suitable protective equipment) are taken to prevent injury.

D. Authorised by Technical Manager


Regulation 16: Persons to be competent to prevent danger

No person shall be engaged in any work activity where

technical knowledge, or experience is necessary to prevent

danger or, where appropriate injury, unless he possess such

knowledge and experience, or is under supervision as is

appropriate having regard to the nature of the work.

Page 36 of 129




Regulation 16 : Technical Knowledge or Experience may include:

Adequate knowledge of Electricity.

Adequate knowledge of electrical work.

Adequate understanding and experience of the system to be worked on.

Understanding of the hazards which may arise & the precautions to be taken.

The ability to recognise if it is safe for work to continue.

Dead (as used in regulations 8, 13 and 14)

The term ‘dead’ is not defined in the Regulations so it takes its ordinary meaning. Thus, in the context of the Regulations, for a conductor to be ‘dead’ means that it is neither ‘live’ nor ‘charged’.


Page 37 of 129



Regulations 17 to 28 apply to mines only

However

The Mines Regulations 2014 came into force on 6 April 2015 and revoked regulations 17 to 28 and Schedule 1 of the Electricity at Work Regulations

1989 which previously applied only at mines.


Regulations 29 Defence


In any proceedings for an offence consisting of a contravention of regulations 4 (4), 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, or 25. It shall be a defence for any person to prove that he took all reasonable steps and exercised all due diligence to avoid the commission of that offence

Page 38 of 129



Legal requirements

Approved Codes of Practice

Advice on how to comply with the law by offering practical examples of best practice. If employers follow the advice they will be doing enough to comply with the law.

Standards

(BS EN, IEC) Institutional guides and industry best practice play a large part in how things should be done. They have no direct legal status (unless specified by regulations)

Guidance is issued in some cases to indicate the best way to comply with regulations. But the guidance has no legal enforcement status

www.hvtraining.co.uk

Legal requirements

Rules

Made by companies these must comply with the law

Safety Rules

Made by companies should ensure all activities and employees comply with health and safety legislation, approved codes of practice, and standards.

Manuals / Procedures documents

Made by companies stating how the organisation works,the procedures and equipment to be used and the quality standards required

www.hvtraining.co.uk

Page 39 of 129



The Six Pack to also consider

Ignorance of legislation won’t help you remain a

free person, without a criminal record.

KnowledgeIgnorance

The Six Pack

1. Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999

2. The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998

3. Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992

4. Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992

5. The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992

6. The Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 1992

Page 40 of 129



Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999

The assessment of risks to health and safety.

Access to competent health and safety advice.

Co-operation of employers and those who share premises.

Preparing for emergencies.

The Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998

The assessment of machinery hazards.

The process of installation, commissioning and use of work equipment.

The hazards created by introducing a piece of work equipment into a workplace.

Page 41 of 129



Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992

Common features of a workplace

Minimum standards of workplace hygiene

Identification of potential workplace hazards

Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992

The interaction of a person with their workstation within the work environment.

The design of tasks using new technology.

The assessment of those at most risk of work related upper limb disorders.

Page 42 of 129



The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992

The prevalence of back injury.

The assessment of a task, the person performing the task, the load to be moved and the environment in which it is moved.

The preference of eliminating or minimizing lifting and handling

Emphasis placed on mechanical handling.

The Personal Protective Equipment Regulations 1992

Personal protection is the last line of defense.

An assessment of the hazards a person is exposed to is required.

Specification of the equipment standards aids selection of appropriate PPE.

All PPE has to be maintained and has a finite life.

Page 43 of 129



Electrical accidents commonly occur whilst equipment is being maintained. This may be electrical equipment such as switchgear or equipment that uses electrical power.

Most accidents happen because workers have not been adequately trained, are being poorly supervised, or because the risks of the work have not been properly assessed. The incidents are real.

So lets name a few recent ones……..

Electrical Accidents

Unsafe system of work •An apprentice electrician was severely injured from contact with live equipment in a substation.[2]

Electrician was injured touching live equipment

An apprentice electrician was severely injured when he touched live equipment whilst doing work to install ceiling fans in a substation. His employer failed to adequately control the system of work where there were exposed live bus bars. There was no safe system of work, the supervision was inadequate, and the management of the activity was left to an electrician who had insufficient experience to do the job safely. No attempt was made to get the electricity distribution company to screen the live equipment.


Page 44 of 129

http://www.hse.gov.uk/electricity/maintenance/touch.htm



Unsafe system of work •An apprentice electrician was severely injured from contact withlive equipment in a substation.[2]

Electrician was injured touching live equipment

ActionThe employer of the apprentice electrician was prosecuted under the Health and Safety At Work etc. Act 1974, Section 2, Sub Section 1 and fined £30,000. The supervising electrician and owner of the substation were also prosecuted under the Health and Safety At Work etc. Act 1974, Section 3, Sub Section 1.


Inadequate isolation •An electrician received a severe electric shock because he hadnot properly isolated the supply.Electrician suffered shock when electrical supply had not beenproperly isolated

An electrician received a severe electric shock whilst carrying out building refurbishment and fitting out work in a new estates office. The electrical supply had not been properly isolated. Investigation revealed there was no management system in place to check precautions for electrical work.


Page 45 of 129

http://www.hse.gov.uk/electricity/maintenance/touch.htm

http://www.hse.gov.uk/electricity/maintenance/isolate.htm



Inadequate isolation •An electrician received a severe electric shock because he hadnot properly isolated the supply.Electrician suffered shock when electrical supply had not beenproperly isolated

Action

The company was prosecuted under the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974, Section 2(1) and the Electricity at Work Regulations 1989, regulation 14. They were fined.


Unsafe rules •An electrical fitter had to have both arms amputated after receivingburns from a 33,000 Volt supply.[8]

Electrical fitters injuries result in amputation when he believed he was working in a safe zone

The employee, an electrical fitter received 33,000 Volt burns when he climbed live apparatus in a substation when he believed it to be within a safe working zone. His injuries resulted in amputation of both arms. The company were found not to have adequate arrangements for the demarcation of safe working zones and the monitoring of zones once established was not adequately practiced. The training of staff in the setting out of zones was poor.


Page 46 of 129

http://www.hse.gov.uk/electricity/maintenance/isolate.htm

http://www.hse.gov.uk/electricity/maintenance/amputation.htm



Unsafe rules •An electrical fitter had to have both arms amputated after receivingburns from a 33,000 Volt supply.[8]

Electrical fitters injuries result in amputation when he believed he was working in a safe zone

Company had used national distribution rules as the basis of their procedures but failed to elaborate on the guidance of those rules.

Action

The employer was prosecuted under the Health and Safety At Work etc. Act 1974, Section 3, Sub Section 1 and fined £50,000.


Failure to manage work •A contractor's employee received an electric shock after confusionover isolation.[13]

Employee received a shock whilst touching a metal fence

A contractor's employee touched a metal mesh fence against which a live cable end was resting and received a 415 Volt electric shock. This occurred after a Permit to Work irregularity by the host company, inadequate isolation of the job by an electrical contractor's electrician, and re-energising of the circuit by the host company. Investigation of the incident revealed a failure to properly manage the permit to work system over a period of 14 months.


Page 47 of 129

http://www.hse.gov.uk/electricity/maintenance/amputation.htm

http://www.hse.gov.uk/electricity/maintenance/fence.htm



Failure to manage work •A contractor's employee received an electric shock after confusionover isolation.[13]

Employee received a shock whilst touching a metal fence

Action

The host company was prosecuted under the Health and Safety At Work etc. Act 1974, Section 3, Sub Section 1, and fined £10,000. The electrical contractor was also prosecuted.


The next slide shows a video of why a positive “Speak Up” Approach can save someone and their families lots of stress.

Page 48 of 129

http://www.hse.gov.uk/electricity/maintenance/fence.htm



Main Dangers of Electricity

Ok so these are everywhere!

On approach,

Adjacent

Inside

So what do you think is actually dangerous then?

As an Senior Authorised Person you will be involved in the planning of activities, and ensuring the safety of yourself and others.Whilst ensuring all the rules and procedures are followed.

Video Presentation

Page 49 of 129



What senses can we use around electricity?

Sight

Smell

Touch

Taste

Hearing

Proving Device &

Proving Unit:

There is not many approved means of proving something dead before you touch

Test before you touch – It may not be dead, and you soon will be!

Spiking Gun

Page 50 of 129



Main Dangers


Distractions

Shock

Burns

Induced Voltages

Stored Energy

Testing apparatus

Chemicals

Trips & falls

Third party aggression

Arcing / Fires of an electrical origin / Explosion

Failure of the safe system of work

All of which cause

Pain

Loss of income

Family stress!

Main Dangers

Distractions

The real cause of many unintentional incidents is due to YOU being distracted from the intended action by events outside your control.

When such incidents are investigated after the event the incident very often seems unbelievable or like gross negligence.

If you are distracted start the intended procedure from the beginning and think about what you are doing.

Page 51 of 129



Main Dangers

Electric Shock

Guess what?

It can Kill!

What are the levels of effect of current?

AC current (mA)

Effect on human body

1 Slight tingling sensation

2-9 Small shock

10-24 Muscles contract causing you to freeze

25-74Respiratory muscles can become paralysed; pain; exit burns often visible

75-300Usually fatal; ventricular fibrillation; entry & exit wounds visible

>300Death almost certain; if survive will have badly burnt organs and probably require amputations

Page 52 of 129



How you get shocked

A complete Circuit or loop

is necessary for current to flow

85

Current takes the path of least resistance

86

Basic Electrical Theory

• Voltage causes aCurrent to flow

• Water analogy

• A complete Circuit isnecessary for current toflow

• Bird on Live conductors

Page 53 of 129



Main Dangers


An electrical arc is the hottest thing known to man 20,000 0 C at the centre

If you stand ONE meter away from a 300mm arc your skin surface temperature may rise to1523 o centigrade in 0.1 seconds (radiation burns)

Electrical arcs can melt metal cause oil to vaporise and explode and start fires (contact burns )

Burns

Electric Arcs

Surface temperature of the sun

Temperature of an electric arc

Page 54 of 129



Main Dangers


Stored energy

Stored electrical energy in apparatus / equipment or from test voltage.A sudden discharge of energy may cause fire or other events.

Stored mechanical energy in springs or compressed gas may cause injury if released in an uncontrolled manner.

Main Dangers


Stored energy

Stored electrical energy in apparatus may come from batteries or capacitors for example.

Or induction in hv cables from other sources could occur.

This is common on high voltage sources adjacent other grid supplies

Page 55 of 129



Main Dangers


Induced Voltages (HV)

Induced voltages may arise from a location remote from the work area

Induced Voltages will deliver an electrical shock ( possibly causing a fall )

Apparatus will continually charge if not connected to Earth

A break in a conductor may cause a voltage difference across the break if not earthed both sides

Other Sources of Hazardous Energy often overlooked

Hydraulic energy

–fluid under pressure (cylinders and lift trucks)

Pneumatic energy

•air under pressure (pipes, tanks and vessels)

Kinetic energy

– Kinetic = caused by motion

– Examples: moving contacts, flywheel, moving saw blade

Potential energy

– Potential = stored energy

– Examples: elevated weight / charged spring mechanisms

Page 56 of 129



Main Dangers


Testing apparatusNormal protective barriers may be removed

Live testing requires approved equipment used correctly with appropriate PPE

Over voltage testing leaves a residual charge

When testing disconnected apparatus ensure there is an Earth between you and anything you intend to touch

Over voltage testing of vacuum CB’s causes X rays to be produced

Main Dangers

CHEMICALS

Read the instructions and safety precautions

Read the COSHH report

Use correct PPE

Do not mix or experiment with products

Control disposal

Make note of exposure limits

Page 57 of 129



• Oil (liquid)

• SF6 (Gas)

• Bitumen Compound (solid when cold

or liquid when hot)

• Air

1/23/2018 95

Substances inside switchgear Insulation Mediums

• Oil

• Gas

• Air

• Vacuum

You should be aware of

PCB - POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL possibly in old switchgear.

It would normally be tested for before handling during a project.

Is a serious poison, shown to cause damage to the reproductive, neurological and immune systems of wildlife and humans and are known to cause cancer

If in doubt ASK FOR HELP or Evidence that it is free from PCB!

1/23/2018 96

Substances inside switchgear

Page 58 of 129



Older switch gear can contains asbestos components, namely flash strips, separators and asbestos rope gasket door seals.

The materials have a high asbestos content but under normal operational conditions there would be no access required to the inside of units, other than by engineers or technicians.

Asbestos Surveys should be carried out and switchgear surveys should be included.

Asbestos inside switchgear

What does oil look like?It comes in all shades depending on the age and deterioration.

Oil insulation properties can degrade as age.

Old New

Page 59 of 129



What does bitumen look like?At room temperature it appears solid, with the ability to press your thumb print into it.

When heated it is liquid in form and will burn your Skin, hairy limbs need to have it peeled away!

What does gas sf6 look like?Sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6) is an inorganic, colourless, odourless, non-flammable, extremely potent greenhouse gas which is an excellent electrical insulator.

Its in the box ……….

However Exposure to an arc chemically breaks down SF6 though most of the decomposition products tend to quickly re-form SF6, a process termed "self-healing,“Arcing or corona can produce disulfur decafluoride (S2F 10), a highly toxic gas, with toxicity similar to phosgene. Becareful of this residue, and it needs cleaning up by professionals

Page 60 of 129



Main Dangers


Trips and FallsMost accidents and incidents occur in this category

Manage your work area

Keep the work area tidy and free from obstructions

Do not obstruct any access or egress routes

Risk asses above or below ground work area

General Safety = Good House Keeping

It is your responsibility to keep your working

environment clean and tidy.

This means putting things

in bins, sweeping the floor and wiping down your

tools, machinery or work bench daily.

1/23/2018 102

Page 61 of 129



Main Dangers


Aggression by third partyIn our experience this can happen when dealing with the public.

You should empower your staff. What should they do?

Is it obvious?

Are they in one location or travel about to different sites, or client premises?

How will you know they are safe and home? Or injured?

Utility staff do not patrol alone at night on difficult terrain.

The industry recommends employees:

Take time to look at your environment

Check for known high risk areas

Report incidents immediately

Avoid unnecessary conflicts

Ask for accompaniment if necessary

Main Dangers


Failure of the Safe system of Work

Ensure -job instructions - safety documentscheck lists - working party control sheetskey safes - keys are all effectively managed

Clear & precise verbal or written instructions

Outside the electricity supply industry about six times more accidents fall into this category than those attributed to carelessness.

Page 62 of 129



105

What is Arc Flash?

• Arc flash results from an arcing fault, where the electric arcsand resulting radiation and shrapnel cause severe skin burns,hearing damage, and eye injuries.

Forms of Arc Flash Energy

• Noise

• Expansion

• Vaporisation

• Thermal radiation

Arc Flash Injuries

Electric shock

Severe burns

Blindness

Blast injuries

Shrapnel wounds

Lung blast injuries

Ruptured eardrums

Pressure wave

injuries

Page 63 of 129



1. Power – amount of

energy at the arc

2. Distance – of the worker

to the arc

3. Time – duration of the

arc exposure

Severity Factors


Video Presentation

Page 64 of 129



Explosion

Those injuries caused by explosions either of an electrical

nature or those whose source of ignition is electrical.

Electrical explosions include the violent and catastrophic rupture of any electrical equipment. Switchgear, motors and power cables are liable to explode if they are subjected to excessive currents, which release violent electromagnetic forces and dissipate heat energy, or if they suffer prolonged internal arcing faults.

Explosions whose source of ignition is electrical include ignition of flammable vapours, gases, liquids and dusts by electric sparks, arcs or the high surface temperature of electrical equipment.

Fires of an electrical Origin

Fires may be started by electricity in a number of ways. The principal

mechanisms are:

(a) overheating of cables and electrical equipment due to overloading of

conductors;

(b) leakage currents due to poor or inadequate insulation;

(c) overheating of flammable materials placed too close to electricalequipment

which is otherwise operating normally; and

(d) the ignition of flammable materials by arcing or sparking of electrical

equipment, including the scattering of hot particles from electrical equipment.

The injuries associated with fire are usually burns but may include other

injuries such as smoke inhalation.

Page 65 of 129



Personal Hygiene

Remember pests and vermin like switchgear rooms and substations.

Do have good personal hygiene or you may get leptospirosis also known as Weil’s disease.

Risk Assessments


Risk assessment is part of any Safety Rules and is also part of establishing general safety.

It is the process of:

•Looking at the whole of the work and work area

•Identifying and assessing the significant risks as wellas the minor risks

•Identifying the Control Measures required to preventAccident and Injury

Page 66 of 129



E.R.I.C.P.D


Control measures should be applied using this hierarchy

Eliminate the Hazard

Reduce the Hazard or Process

Isolate the Hazard(Barriers or Distance)

Control the Actions of Staff(Rules & Formal instructions)

Personal Protective Equipment(Last resort)

Discipline(Make sure controls remain in Place)

Responsibilities

To safely operate any electrical system, chaos and anarchy are not the best way to achieve it.

The law requires a safe system to be in place, which clearly defines the roles and responsibility of an individual.

Page 67 of 129



Duties & Responsibilities


Selected Person

CONTROL

ENGINEER

YOU

Duties & Responsibilities

Having Authorisation and Competence

Does not mean your Superman!

Being Authorised to enter substations or switchrooms, does not allow you to operate apparatus and plant.

Your employer must authorise you in writing to enter sub stations / switchrooms, or to operate their electrical installation; it should include the voltage level of the authorisation i.e. lv system, or hv system upto 11kv etc

You shall wear your ppe.

Only operate electrical apparatus or plant or “switchgear” for which you are authorised in writing. You shall have good “housekeeping” when working.

Page 68 of 129



Arrangements Shall be made by the Senior Authorised Person on behalf of their employer / company to ensure:

that all employees concerned are adequately informed as to:-

• the risks to their health and safety as identified by riskassessment

• the preventative and protective measures to be taken• the procedures to be followed in the event of serious and

imminent danger• the risks arising from the activities of any other employer or

employee• that adequate levels of supervision of its employees and those

under its control are provided

• that other persons who are not employees, but who are carryingout work or operations on behalf of the company and may beexposed to danger during their operations or work, also recieveadequate information and instruction

• that the capabilities of employees are taken into account inallocating tasks

• that employees are provided with adequate health and safetytraining and re-training

Page 69 of 129



Do you know which one you are !!!


Selected Person

CONTROL

ENGINEER

What’s the hierarchy of command in your work place?

?Control Engineer

Senior Authorised Person

Authorised Person

Competent Person

Trainee

Visitor

Page 70 of 129



How do we do any work with High Voltage Installations then?

We us safety documents:

Permit to Work

Sanction for Tests

Limitation of access

Supervision

There are two types of supervision for electrical installations used:

• Immediate

• Personnel

Page 71 of 129



Supervision by a person (having adequate technical knowledge, experience and competence) where work

or testing is in progress and who attends the work area as is necessary for the safe performance of the

work or testing

Immediate Supervision

Supervision by a person (having adequate technical knowledge, experience and

competence) such that he is at all times during the course of the work or testing in the presence

of the person being supervised.

Personal Supervision

Page 72 of 129



For overhead work, supervision from ground level provided for persons positioned at height is

considered to be personal supervision when the supervisor at ground level maintains verbal and

visual communication with the person being supervised

DNO Liaison Document

Most electrical systems will require a supply from a Distribution Network Operator (Electricity Board).

These are in addition to the energy supplier.

DNO’s Deliver, Suppliers Sell it to you.

When working at the boundary position of your installation with a DNO; they will use a safety document of “theirs” to facilitate to operation of their apparatus, this is often referred to as an IEC – Isolation and Earthing Certificate although one DNO calls it a circuit state certificate

Page 73 of 129

LIMITATION OF ACCESS

1 GENERAL DETAILS

1.1 ISSUE TO EMPLOYED BY DATE

Permission is given to carry out the work described below:

1.2 LOCATION

1.3 ACCESS TO

1.4 THE WORK TO BE DONE UNDER THIS LIMITATION OF ACCESS IS

3 ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS AND INFORMATION

4 ISSUE OF THIS SAFETY DOCUMENT BY THE AUTHORISED* / SENIOR AUTHORISED* PERSON

Name Signature Date Time

5 RECEIPT OF THIS SAFETY DOCUMENT BY THE COMPETENT PERSONI accept responsibility for carrying out the work detailed within this Safety Document and no other work will be done by me or person under my charge at the above location. I agree to exercise my responsibilities under the Distribution Safety Rules and ensure that the Working Party is briefed on the details of this Safety Document and any risk assessments or additional information that is made available to me.


ALWAYS USE BLOCK CAPITALS AND PRINT CLEARLY/COMPLETE EVERY SECTION, WRITE N/A IF NOT APPLICABLE *DELETE WORDS WHICH ARE NON APPLICABLE

2 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS APPLICABLE

HAZARD CONTROL MEASURE

Page 74 of 129

8 CLEARANCE - As the Competent Person in receipt of this Safety Document I can confirm that all members of the Working Party have been withdrawn and warned that it is no longer permitted to carry out the work detailed on this Safety Document.


9 CANCELLATION BY AN AUTHORISED* / SENIOR AUTHORISED* PERSON - This Safety Document is now cancelled.



6 WORKING PARTY CONTROL

NAME DATE TIME ON SIGNATURE TIME OFF SIGNATURE

7 DIAGRAM / SKETCH

Page 75 of 129

PERMIT TO WORK

1 GENERAL DETAILS


1.2 THE FOLLOWING APPARATUS HAS BEEN MADE SAFE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES

1.3 THE WORK TO BE DONE UNDER THIS PERMIT TO WORK IS

2 ISOLATION DETAILS

3 CIRCUIT MAIN EARTH DETAILS

4 ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS AND INFORMATION KEY SAFE KEY No.

5 ISSUE OF THIS SAFETY DOCUMENT BY THE SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSONI have confirmed with or as the Control Engineer that the precautions detailed within this Safety Document are adequate and in accordance with the Distribution Safety Rules, being a Senior Authorised Person who has the authority to issue a Permit to Work for the work above.


6 RECEIPT OF THIS SAFETY DOCUMENT BY THE COMPETENT PERSONI accept responsibility for carrying out the work detailed within this Safety Document and confirm that I understand the associated information explained to me by the Senior Authorised Person. I agree to exercise my responsibilities under the Distribution Safety Rules and ensure that the Working Party is briefed on the details of this Safety Document and any risk assessments or additional information that is made available to me.


ALWAYS USE BLOCK CAPITALS AND PRINT CLEARLY/COMPLETE EVERY SECTION, WRITE N/A IF NOT APPLICABLE *DELETE WORDS WHICH ARE NON APPLICABLEPage 76 of 129

7 WORKING PARTY CONTROL

NAME DATE TIME ON SIGNATURE

Use with Section 9 of Permit to Work Only

TIME OFF SIGNATURE

1st SUSP’N 2nd SUSP’N 3rd SUSP’N

Time OFF & Initials

Time ON & Initials

Time OFF & Initials

Time ON & Initials

Time ON & Initials

Time OFF & Initials

8 DIAGRAM / SKETCH

9 CLEARANCE, SUSPENSION RE-ISSUE AND RECEIPT

ACTION FIRST SECOND THIRD9aCLEARANCE BY COMPETENT PERSON - As the Competent Person in receipt of this Safety Document I can confirm that all members of the Working Party have been withdrawn and warned that is no longer safe to work on the Apparatus detailed within Section 1of this Safety Document.

The work is* / is not* complete.Additional Earths have* / have not*been removed. All gear and toolshave* / have not* been removed.

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________


Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________


Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

9bSUSPENSION BY A SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSON - This Safety Document is hereby taken out of force and suspended.

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

9cRE-ISSUE BY A SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSON - I can confirm that the safety precautions detailed in Section 2, 3 and 4 of this Safety Document are in place and the work can proceed in accordance with the Distribution Safety Rules.

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

9dRECEIPT BY THE COMPETENT PERSON - I accept responsibility for continuing with the work detailed within this Safety Document and confirm that I understand the associated information explained to me by the Senior Authorised Person.

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

10 FINAL CLEARANCE - As the Competent Person in receipt of this Safety Document I can confirm that all members of the Working Party have been withdrawn and warned that it is no longer safe to work on the Apparatus detailed with Section 1 of this Safety Document. The work is* / is not* complete. Additional Earths have* / have not* been removed. All gear and tools have* / have not* been removed.


11 CANCELLATION BY A SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSON - This Safety Document is now cancelled.


ALWAYS USE BLOCK CAPITALS AND PRINT CLEARLY/COMPLETE EVERY SECTION, WRITE N/A IF NOT APPLICABLE *DELETE WORDS WHICH ARE NON APPLICABLEPage 77 of 129

SANCTION FOR TEST

1 GENERAL DETAILS


1.2 THE FOLLOWING APPARATUS HAS BEEN MADE SAFE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE DISTRIBUTION SAFETY RULES

2 ISOLATION DETAILS

4 DESCRIPTION OF TESTING TO BE CARRIED OUT

3 CIRCUIT MAIN EARTH DETAILS

(These Earths may be removed temporarily without reference to the Control Engineer)

5 ADDITIONAL PRECAUTIONS AND INFORMATION KEY SAFE KEY No.

6 ISSUE OF THIS SAFETY DOCUMENT BY THE SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSONI have confirmed with or as the Control Engineer that the precautions detailed within this Safety Document are adequate and in accordance with the Distribution Safety Rules, being a Senior Authorised Person who has the authority to issue a Sanction for Test for the testing detailed.


7 RECEIPT OF THIS SAFETY DOCUMENT BY THE AUTHORISED PERSONI accept responsibility for carrying out the testing detailed within this Safety Document and no other work or testing will be done by me or persons under my charge at the above location. I agree to exercise my responsibilities under the Distribution Safety Rules and ensure that the Testing Party is briefed on the details of this Safety Document and any risk assessments or additional information that is made available to me.

Name Signature Date Time ALWAYS USE BLOCK CAPITALS AND PRINT CLEARLY/COMPLETE EVERY SECTION, WRITE N/A IF NOT APPLICABLE *DELETE WORDS WHICH ARE NON APPLICABLEPage 78 of 129

8 TESTING PARTY CONTROL

NAME DATE TIME ON SIGNATURE

Use with Section 10 of the Sanction for Test Only

TIME OFF SIGNATURE

1st SUSP’N 2nd SUSP’N 3rd SUSP’N

Time OFF & Initials

Time ON & Initials

Time OFF & Initials

Time ON & Initials

Time ON & Initials

Time OFF & Initials

9 DIAGRAM / SKETCH

10 CLEARANCE, SUSPENSION RE-ISSUE AND RECEIPT

ACTION FIRST SECOND THIRD10aCLEARANCE BY THE AUTHORISED PERSON - As the Authorised Person in receipt of this Safety Document I can confirm that all members of the Testing Party have been withdrawn and warned that it is no longer safe to carry out tests on the Apparatus detailed within Section 1 of this Safety Document

The testing is* / is not* complete.Additional Earths have* / have not*been removed. All gear and toolshave* / have not* been removed.

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________


Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________


Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

10bSUSPENSION BY A SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSON - This Safety Document is hereby taken out of force and suspended.

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

10cRE-ISSUE BY A SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSON - I can confirm that the safety precautions detailed in this Safety Document are in place and the testing can proceed in accordance with the Distribution Safety Rules.

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

10dRECEIPT BY THE AUTHORISED PERSON - I accept responsibility for continuing with the testing detailed within this Safety Document and confirm that I understand the associated information explained to me by the Senior Authorised Person.

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

Sign __________________________

Date ___________ Time __________

11 FINAL CLEARANCE - As the Authorised Person in receipt of this Safety Document I can confirm that all members of the Testing Party have been withdrawn and warned that it is no longer safe to carry out the testing detailed within this Safety Document. The testing is* / is not* complete. Additional Earths have* / have not* been removed. All gear and tools have* / have not* been removed. The operational state of the Apparatus is the same as the time of issue of this document, apart from the exception below.

12 CANCELLATION BY A SENIOR AUTHORISED PERSON - This Safety Document is now cancelled.



Name ..................................................................... Signature ........................................................................ Date ................. Time..................

Page 79 of 129



Isolation & Earthing Certificate

They are a formal way of communicating between two separately owned electrical systems, one party being the DNO and the other the private electrical installation owner.

For example the DNO or the private installation may want to isolate their electrical system for maintenance achieving at the boundary position

• De-energise and an isolation and application of the earth

• Removal of an earth for testing

• Re-energisation


Control of the electrical system

Do you have the authority to grant access to the Sub station?

Is it owned by your employer or client? Is it a shared sub station?

Entry to substations shall be restricted.

No one under the age of 18 years shall enter.

A log of persons entering and the reason why should be kept. Its facilitates audits.

It can also help to demonstrate your compliance and positive attitude.

Only persons trained and authorised to enter should be allowed to do so. Or you will require them to be personally supervised by such a person who is competent.

To enter a substation persons require authorisation commonly referred to as “Sub station Access and Awareness”

Page 80 of 129



The Signs!

Safety Signs for

Us All

www.hvtraining.co.uk help us to prevent copyright theft

Site Energy Services Ltd – HV Training

As the Senior Authorised Person. If your safety document recipient, does not understand any of your language / explanation, your printed document or the basic safety signs.

Then stop the job. It is not safe to continue

The Basic Signs


• Mandatory Instruction - You Must

Blue Circle, White Picture

• Prohibitory - You Must NOT

Red Circle and Bar, White Background, Black Picture

• Warning - Hazard

Black Triangle, Yellow Background, Black Picture

• Information / Emergency / First AidGreen Square / Rectangle, White Picture

Page 81 of 129



Always obey safety signs and symbols

Prohibition (red and white)

They mean ‘Don’t do’, Some examples are:

Entering a substation


Safe condition (green and white)

They tell you the safe way to do something or give first-aid

information.

Some examples are:


Page 82 of 129




Mandatory (blue and white)

They instruct you that you must do the safety operation shown.

Some examples are:



Warning (yellow and black)

They warn you that a hazard exists.

Some examples are:


Page 83 of 129




Do not remove or interfere with any notices or signs


Page 84 of 129



Caution Notices are fixed to anything which, if interferedwith could be:

A source of danger to others

i.e. you remove them and the safety lockand switch on; electrocuting your colleagueworking on the electrical circuit

Never Ignore them and always apply them where appropriate and necessary.

Page 85 of 129



Particular signs in use for MOD procedures

Never open these shutters and stick your hand or a tool in!It needs proving dead with correct procedures!

Page 86 of 129



Safe Access to Substations Process

Before entering on approach make a conscious effort to confirm everything looks as you would expect to find it.

Enter the substation

Carry out the tasks

Depart the substation

Page 87 of 129

Water - Paper, wood etc but not electrical, liquids or gasesFoam - SOlids & Liquids but not electrical or gasesPowder - Solids, liquids, gases and electrical

CO2 Electrical and safe on most small fires



It’s up to you to: SAP’s set the standardFollow all safety rules that relate to your duties and responsibilities.

Minimise the risk of injury to yourself and others.

Minimise the risk of damage to property.

Use protective clothing and safety equipment properly.

Co-operate with your employer and any other person to ensure health and safety obligations are met.


!It’s up to you

Never approach exposed conductors


Until you have had it confirmed dead by approved company means

Page 88 of 129



Before you act think !Before you start work:

1. Think safe.

2. Identify what you are going to do.

3. Understand - and make sure that everyone

working on the job understands:

• what you are going to do

• where you are going to do it

• the limits of the work or work area.

4. Discuss any concerns with your supervisor.


Substation Vandalism

Incidents occur with illegal entry i.e. break ins. Often theft of metals occurs which can affect the safety of the environment. If you suspect or discover vandalism or theft do not enter any premises.

Report it immediately to the control or management of the premises and stay outside and away from the danger.

Page 89 of 129



You will need to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). This may include:


Safety boots

Hard Hat & visor

Flame proof clothing

Safety glasses


Safe access to and from the point of work

Ensure cable ducts are covered

Page 90 of 129

If you have any doubts about what protective equipment you needto wear at a particular site, Ask before entering.



Safe access to and from the point of work

Ensure a means of access that’s right for the job, as identified by the

risk assessment/method statement provided by your company.

Access equipment includes mobile elevated work platforms (MEWPs),

scaffolds and ladders, etc.


Do not climb on switchgear because its convenient


Page 91 of 129



Everyone needs to practise safe work habits.


Familiarise yourself with the equipment and work to be done. Ensure the equipment to be worked

on can be clearly identified. Is everyone authorised to enter?

Note the location of demarcation and any hazards, e.g. adjacent Live equipment, open excavations,

trenches, etc.

Read and understand the Safety Document. Be sure you can do the work described within the

defined safe working area.

Ensure that the working party understand the limits of their work and who is in charge of the work.

Make sure everyone is wearing the appropriate PPE and using tools and equipment correctly. Make

sure people nearby are not put in Danger by your work activity. Prevent unauthorised access of

others including the public – especially children.

Know when and how to clear the work area.


Store materials, equipment and tools properly.

This should be done as soon as they are finished with. Tools and equipment left lying around may cause an injury.

Never try to carryout work you are not competent to do. Stop and seek advice if you are unsure of what you are doing

Page 92 of 129



Supervise others. Make sure all work is done within the limits of the

Safety Document and that Safety Distance is not infringed.

Do not allow work outside the designated safe work area.

Provide Personal Supervision to workers moving long objects to ensure the

Safety Distance is not infringed.

Make sure the working party use the defined safe access route to and from the point of work.

Tidy up the site and sign the paperwork when work is complete. Declare any exceptions, such as

equipment or materials left on site.

Know and follow the procedures for transferring Safety Documents.

Know how and who to respond to in an emergency.


Consider Fire Fighting Systems


There are a range of different types of fire fighting systems. One of the most common types uses CO2, which is an automatic gas filled system used for suppressing fires in substations. CO2 will replace the oxygen from within the switch room, which could be fatal to anyone working in that area.

Any Live CO2 systems must be isolated when work is carried out in the area the system protects and controls established.

Other Suppression System types include:

FM-200

Inergen

FE-13 Halon 1301

Page 93 of 129



To ensure your safety


• Ask yourself – do you need a safety document?• If yes! Have you got one? The right one?

If you are receiving a document-• Does the person issuing it to you explain it?

• It is legible – or scribbled drivel

• Do you understand it

• Can you do it?

• Is it correct or will it just do…………

Remember

On the grounds of safety you and your team have the right to stop, seek clarification, have your concerns addressed.

Before you sign for receipt of a safety document and start work!

As the Senior Authorised Person, do not be offended, and have those concerns addressed, as sometimes clarification

in a sensible conversation satisfies the recipients.

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Remember There are three stages a Senior Authorised Person will have to manage.

1. The initial environment which is to be made safe, asyou apply the safety precautions and procedures areapplied.

2. The period when the environment, apparatus andplant are safe to carry out the required tasks on

3. The dismantling of the safe environment created toreturn the substation back to its normal state / service.

Remember To manage these stages a Senior Authorised Person will have to know:

1. What is to be done

2. Who is doing it

3. Where is it being done

4. How is it being done

5. Is there any anomalies

6. What's the environment

7. What's the policy and procedure my company have,for me to follow.

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Preparing a substation

Familiarise yourself with the equipment and work to be done.

Note the location your going to place markers and any hazards you can remove or screen / barrier off.

Understand and write your RAMS! Method Statements and Risk Assessments well in advance of the deadline for submission.

Read and understand the Safety Document, before you issue.(Yes ensure as the SAP what you have written makes sense and is not nonsense)Be sure your recipient can do the described work within the marked / designated

area.If he cannot – how the hells that going to work?

Allow Preparation of PPE and use tools and equipment correctly.Promote safe access to and from the point of work, planning it!Your SAP skills should follow and apply your companies procedures.

To prepare a substation or work area

You are going to have to visit site and evaluate the required activity can actually be achieved within the confines of the perceived work area.

Simple things to consider:• What is there now, and what does the client want?• Will it fit, is the proposal incorrect?• Will all the required resource be able to work safely and unimpeded• Is there substances and the environment harmful to anyone – can these be

removed or manged.• Time scale

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When can you carry out switching without receiving instructions from a Control Engineer?

In an Emergency.

Entering a Substation


Before entering a Substation Precautions to be taken

•Should you have reported your presence on site ? Gained permission to enter thepremises?•Consider possible presence of Gas, and discharge of automatic fire fightingequipment•Ensure that you have clear/unimpeded access & Egress•Is Emergency Lighting available•Is there a smell-Ozone(seaside Acid discharge, Hot Oil/Varnish-Switchgear

Transformer overheating.•Is there an Audible discharge•Are there any distortions to switchgear boxes•Any Oil on floor•SF6, Is gauge in green area(look for powder in trenches etc)

At all times do not physically disturb, subject to movement or vibration any apparatus that you are inspecting for signs of distress

Page 97 of 129



Remember The three main functions of Switchgear are:

1. To Switch or control a circuit

2. To Isolate a circuit

3. To apply a Circuit Main Earth

Substation equipment falls into the following categories:-

1 Switchgear and Controlgear

2 Transformers

3 Protection – the most important

4 Tripping Supplies

5 Earthing

6 Security

7 Access & Lighting

Page 98 of 129



HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCHBOARD 11KV

VENTILATION

LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHBOARD 415V

BATTERY &CHARGER

E

E

E

E

E

TELEPHONE

TELEPHONE

SWITCHROOMLIGHTING ETC

ECARBON DIOXIDE

EXTINGUISHER

The following may be for larger high voltage installations

Control Rooms

Control Rooms

The control room is the main command centre of an installation of substations. The entire operation of the site is monitored and controlled from this central location.

A control room may range from a small, seldom manned, non-ventilated room to a large, air conditioned area containing numerous staff members and electronic equipment (PCs, control panels/consoles, electrical and electronic switching devices, underfloor cabling, etc.).

Page 99 of 129



Electrical frame


Exposed conductors need to be shrouded / screened.

As the SAP you will need to organise it.


The earth cables below can be found in sub-stations, up poles and fig.1 in customers houses

Earth Cable

Page 100 of 129




The copper & aluminium earth tapes are used to connect all the Metalwork / switchgear within substation buildings and outdoor

compounds.

Earth Tape


In addition to the sizes on previous page 1.1/2" X 3/16" copper tape was used, with 25mm x 3mm & 40mm x 4mm copper now available as standard from stores.Examples of earth cable & tape installations within a substation

Fig.3

Fig.1 3 x Copper earth cables connected to main aluminium substation earth tape.Fig.2 Copper earth tape connected to main aluminium earth tape. Fig.3 Aluminium to aluminium tape connection.

Earth Cables & Tapes Joints

Interfering with earths and joints can be dangerous due to earth faults occurring

Fig.1 Fig.2

Page 101 of 129




Protective Tiles / Warning Tapes

The following tapes and tiles are installed over cables and ducted installations, with the high visibility colours providing a warning of danger when excavating.

The above are more modern types


Older Design Protective Tiles

Before the use of plastic warning tape &tiles the brick versions below where used,for covering cables

Page 102 of 129



Don’t assume nothing is dead


It isn't in these pictures, they were still live and dangerous!

Panel cover removed By thieves

Cable energised when believed to be Unconnected At other end

Do not request climbing on switchgear because its convenient, access equipment should be used


Page 103 of 129



Remember even as an SAP you must

• Always report in or follow the procedure for official orauthorised access.

• Never enter electrical switchrooms or other withoutpermission from the owners.

• Always report any concerns you find to the personsresponsible

• Do not encourage incorrect behaviour or actions to getthe “task done” – or you are just as guilty as those yourencouraging!

Safe Working Process

Page 104 of 129



Safe Working Process

For high voltage installations the acronym

D.I.E.D is used to remind us that:

• Dead

• Isolated

• Earthed

• Documented

Must be adhered to, by those authorised to do so

Typical key safes for Senior Authorised Persons to use, there are other methods employed by companies.

Page 105 of 129



Safety Documents

• Permits to Work

• Sanctions for Test

• Limitation of Access

At the boundary with Distribution Network Operators

• Isolation & Earthing Certificate issued by the DNOEngineer.

Associated Documents

• Switching Schedules

• Switchroom Logs

• Portable earth device register

• Suspension of Operations Handbook

Page 106 of 129



What to wear?

General

Work wear with flame resistant (FR) properties is provided to help minimise injury in the unlikely event of an incident involving fire, flashover or equipment failure.

The requirement for the use of FR work wear will apply to

all Company employees.

What do you wear?

What to wear?

Wearing of FR Workwear

● It is important that the garments are worn correctly (i.e. sleeves notpushed up).

● Only Company approved foul weather clothing should be worn over theFR workwear.

● FR material will absorb heat if exposed to a flashover of some sort, asmall percentage of that heat will however transfer through the material. Itis therefore recommended that only cotton or natural fibre garments areworn beneath FR workwear. Garments that are wholly man-made could melton to the skin and should not be worn beneath the FR workwear.

● During hot weather, some individuals may want to remove clothing or rollup sleeves etc. However, it is not permitted to remove FR workwear, whilston duty at work under any circumstances other than those detailed in theexemptions below or to allow for emergency first aid.

● No unauthorised alterations should be made to any Company issued FRgarment.

Page 107 of 129



Boundaries & Ownership / Control

customer

Y

YY

Y

66/33 KV

11 KV 400 volts

Direct earth

NER

NER

22 KV

Generation 132 KVDirect Earth

NER

Neutral Earthing Transformer

Neutral Earthing Resistor

Boundaries & Ownership / Control

When ownership or responsibility changes such as at the origin of the installation from the Distribution

Network Operator, to the Commercial Business consuming power.

It is essential to use Isolation and Earthing Certificates so that the operation of apparatus and plant for

the purpose of controlling points of isolation and application of earthing (circuit main earths) is formally

communicated and controlled to the third party.

If two parties rely upon each other, but work individually they must use formal acknowledge and still have

control and agreements in place to work at that boundary.

They are used because one organisation can only arrange to make their side of the boundary safe formally

until the third party require its state to be changed whilst they work on their (other) side of that

boundary.

Page 108 of 129



There is also the management of internal voltage boundaries to consider, because those authorised to work on one voltage will require the authorised persons of the adjacent voltage that it is connected between them when they work on the boundary. (Assuming they are not authorised for both systems)

External Relationship

Internal Relationship

SWITCHING

The following hierarchy must be used to operate Apparatus. The final decision

regarding which method of operating rests with the field operative as onsite

as they may raise a concern to using lower hierarchy when remote operation

is available:

• Tele control.

• Remote operating panels in a separate room to the Apparatus.

• Remote operating panels in the same room as the Apparatus.

• At the immediate location of the Apparatus.

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On Position

Off Position

Selector Mechanism Position Selected

Earth Off

Earth On (Applied)

Proving Device &

Proving Unit:

Test before you touch – It may not be dead, and you soon will be!

Spiking Gun

Page 110 of 129



When switching

When switching

Point of work here.

HV Point of isolation hereApplication of circuit main earth here

LV Point of isolation here

Earth Switch

Distribution Transformer

Main LV Circuit breaker

Page 111 of 129



For Isolations

Point of work here.

HV Point of isolation here

Application of circuit main earth

LV Point of isolation here

Remember you have x points of isolation for x sources of energy

You will need circuit main earths for each source of high voltage energy

You may need to consider additional earths applied to a more local position of the work area

Application of additional earth

You can issue your safety document when Safety from the system has been achieved and will be maintained

On Position

Off Position

Mechanism Isolated

For LV Systems

Page 112 of 129



The Electrical Safety Council in the UK recommend for a low voltage installation the following isolation process:

Step 1. Check it is acceptable and permission has been

granted to isolate and work.2. Identify the type of supply to the system such

as TNCS, TNS or TT3. Locate and identify the circuit to be isolated4. Select an approved voltage indicator and verify

that it works correctly5. Verify the circuit / equipment is functional. Use

the approved voltage indicator device to verifythe circuit / equipment.

6. Identify suitable means of isolation7. Isolate the circuit / equipment by switching it

off, using the functional device and then by anappropriate isolation device.

8. Fit appropriate lock off device with a safetylock. Person carrying out works retains a key to

prevent re-energisation by other.9. Fit warning label for isolation and identified

work10. Verify the circuit / equipment is isolated. Use

the approved voltage indicator for the systemvoltage to verify the circuit is dead. Testbetween all conductors Line to Line, Line –Neutral, Line –Earth, Neutral – Earth

11. Re-check the approved voltage indicator using the correct proving device to confirm it is still functioning correctly

12. Circuit / Equipment should be safe to carry outthe works. Always remain vigilant and re-checkwith voltage indicator when moving away andreturning to the circuit / equipment

Page 113 of 129



Low Voltage circuits when isolated differ from High Voltage circuits.

1. Planning

2. Isolate

3. Lock Out Tag Out (Isolate)

4. Prove Dead

5. Confirm dead

6. Issue Permit

7. Commence WorksCancel Permit

High Voltage circuits when isolated differ from Low Voltage circuits.

1. Planning

2. Isolate

3. Lock Out Tag Out (Isolate)

4. Prove Dead

5. Confirm dead

6. Earth the circuit to be worked on

7. Issue Permit

8. Commence WorksCancel Permit

A ‘Dry Run’ prior to the works is good practice, with both Authorised persons walking through the procedure to confirm the isolation of all supplies in the correct order ( e.g If the main incoming supply is isolated to soon in the sequence, this could cause an unwanted start of the generator) Have Ancillary and Auxiliary supplies been accounted for in the switching order? Have remote automatic controls been – ISG ref 8.2.1

• Identify the scope of the works• Identify the equipment to be isolated• Consult the end users • Develop a Safety Program - switching schedule, Isolation

& Earthing Diagram

Page 114 of 129



ISOLATION

Once the work has been planned and the points of isolation on the equipment have been identified

● Firstly Shutdown equipment ensure that equipment is in a safestate.

● Lifts are to be grounded, plant is not shut down in mid operationthat may cause harm or create a hazard upon re-energising

● Safety is not compromised - ensure buildings have adequatelighting building security systems remain operational

● Stored energy is controlled - batteries disconnected PV arrayssafely isolated to manufacturer's procedures

● Ensure alternate sources of supply are identified and isolatedappropriately

ISOLATION

Isolations are to carried out in accordance with the planned Switching Schedule

The points of isolation and Earthing are to be recorded on a schematic which will be issued to the operative carrying out the work attached to the isolation certificate and permit to work

You should be careful not to deviate from the planned switching schedule, simply because if the planning stage was correct and the electrical system deviates because of a change. What else is wrong?

Page 115 of 129



Isolation of Equipment

When Main distribution circuits, final circuits or Equipment are NOT being worked on but are required to be isolated, then a ‘Operational’ Lock is to be applied.

These locks are supplied with more than one key. Access to keys must be strictly controlled.Information tags can be applied to either type lock at this stage.

Then as the project progresses and Switchgear and equipment gets handed over then Yellow Locks are to be applied by the client team.

This will give a clear indication of who is responsible for the isolation.

Isolation of Equipment

‘Operational’ locks are also used to inhibit the operation of switching devices For example

● Locking into place remote open/close switches.● Remote/Local switches ● Circuit breaker ON/OFF buttons on Automatically controlled systems ● Transformer ‘Off load’ Tap change points ● Switchgear access points

NOTE ‘Operational’ locks are NOT acceptable as part of the Safe LOTO procedure for carrying out works because they are not unique and have more than one key.

Page 116 of 129



Isolation of Equipment - Lock Out

Individual LOTO is for one isolation by an individual on a single source of supply using a ‘Safety Lock.The Lock will be Tagged The tag is to have clear information:

● Date Tag applied● Owner of the Tag

The tag must be attached to the ‘Safety Lock

Isolation of Equipment - Lock Out

Group Lock Outs are used for multiple isolations for several sources of supply and for when several parties are working on the same system or circuit.The equipment ‘Safety Lock Keys are stored within the Group Lockout box. Then the individual operatives apply their own lock to the box.Using this method, only on completion of all works by all operatives, can the equipment safety lock keys be accessible to restore supplies

Page 117 of 129



Barriers

Once the LOTO process is in place, before carrying out works or testing & commissioning activities, the switchgear MUST be cordoned off with barriers of an approved type.

Only authorised persons that are included on work RAMS or responsible for test witness are to enter the barriered area

When LIVE testing -Signage MUST be posted warning of Test Voltages

Proving ‘Dead’ - Test Equipment

Proving ‘Dead’ test equipment has to be dependable. Specific Voltage indicators are the only devices to be used Volt Sticks are only to be used as additional checking and are not to be relied upon as the only form of testing Multi function meter are not to beused as it is possible to select the wrong test range and which give false indication

Page 118 of 129



Proving ‘Dead’ - Test Equipment

Test equipment must comply with GS38 and conform to the requirements of BS EN 61010-031 or in the case of a 2-pole voltage detector to BS EN 61243-3

Proving ‘Dead’Test Equipment -HV/MV

Phasing Out units are not to be used for confirming Live or Dead.

Page 119 of 129



Test Equipment Proving Units

When using Voltage indicators both for HV and LV the indicator they must be checked for correct operation This is done normally with a ‘proving unit’ or in the case of LV a ‘known’ LIVE source can be used. The test equipment is to be tested both before and after the test.

Examples pf HV

Proving units

Examples pf LV Proving units

Common Safety Rules

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS FOR WORK

ON OR NEAR HIGH VOLTAGE

SYSTEMS

Do not work with anyone who does not implement these safe systems of work.

This is the foundation for safety for you to go home to your family when your shift Is over.

Page 120 of 129



General Requirements

• All HV Apparatus and Conductors Shall be treated as Liveunless they have been made safe.

• No person Shall undertake any work on or within the safetydistance of an exposed conductor or any part of the HVsystem unless they have been made safe.

• These following procedures must only be executed bycompetent and authorised staff.

Dangers & Risks of Working onHV Systems

Measures

• Switch it Off ?

• Ensure it can’t be switched on ?

• Position an earth between the workposition and HV isolation points ?

• Prevent danger from other LIVEapparatus ?

• Ensure we are at the right place

• Document and formally communicateyour Control measures ?

EAD

SOLATED

ARTHED

CREENED

DENTIFIED

ELEASED

Page 121 of 129



ead

• Disconnected from any Live System

• At or about Zero Voltage

solated

• Disconnected from all sources of supply.• Isolating device in its Isolating position

• Adequate physical separation or sufficient gap

• All Practicable steps taken to ensure it can’t be switchedon.

• Safety Locked & Caution Noticed – A must if possible.

• HV/LV Fuses & links removed/retained & Caution Noticed

• Sections of jumpers removed/retained

Page 122 of 129



Adequate Isolation

Remember Isolated from ALL sources of Supply

• HV AND LV

• VOLTAGE & AUX TX’s

• COMMON NEUTRAL EARTHING

ARTHED

At about Zero Volts

Connected through

Rated Switchgear

Approved leads

A CME is always Connected Between The Place of work

And Against all points of HV supplyRated Switchgear by a suitable Authorised SwitcherPortable CME applied under the Personal Supervision of SAP

Page 123 of 129



Earthed

• Prove dead where Reasonably Practicable before the application of an earth:

• Over Head Lines

• Busbar/Feeder spouts

• Associated LV

Where Practicable apply a Safety Lock on and Caution Notice to the switchgear mechanisms that can lock the circuit main earths that are applied in position.

Achieve unique control

CREENED

• To prevent danger from Adjacent Plant & Apparatus.

• Danger notices attached to adjacent LIVE apparatus.

You the SAP SHALL prevent any hazard remaining from causing injury or harm

• Dangers and risks at place of work

• Inadvertent contact with adjacent apparatus containing LIVE equipment.

You the SAP SHALL implement Control Measures using personal supervision of competent persons as a minimum to

• Establish Zone Of Work

• Apply Danger notices to Highlight the risk.

Page 124 of 129



dentified

At the Point of Work By Approved Means

Because there is Now a Risk of being in the wrong place

So you the SAP SHALL:

• Personally obtain Physical Proof that it is dead

• Personally identify the point of work to the safety document recipient usingapproved means only

• Not issue any safety document or instruct work when no means ofidentification which is approved is available.

eleased

• For work by issue of a Safety Document.

• Recipient to be conversant/understand• The Precise parts to work on

• The extent and nature of the work

• The safety precautions• (Identification of Risk & appropriate Control Measures)

Page 125 of 129



Electrical Risk Assessment

• Lets See before the work starts have we made it:✓Dead Appropriate control measures

✓Isolated Assessed the risks

✓Earthed Documented the Risk Assessment

✓Screened PTW etc

✓Identified

• Brief the Working Party

As a Senior Authorised Person what does hazard mean?

Hazard or risk?

Definition of a hazardA hazard is something (e.g. an object, a property of a substance, a phenomenon or an activity) that can cause adverse effects.

For example:

Water on a staircase is a hazard, because you could slip on it, fall and hurt yourself.Loud noise is a hazard because it can cause hearing loss.Breathing in asbestos dust is a hazard because it can cause cancer.

Page 126 of 129



What does risk mean?

Definition of a riskA risk is the likelihood that a hazard will actually cause its adverse effects, together with a measure of the effect. It is a two-part concept and you have to have both parts to make sense of it. Likelihoods can be expressed as probabilities (e.g. “one in a thousand”), frequencies (e.g. “1000 cases per year”) or in a qualitative way (e.g. “negligible”, “significant”, etc.). The effect can be described in many different ways.

What does risk mean?

For example:

The annual risk of a worker in Great Britain experiencing a fatal accident [effect] at work [hazard] is less than one in 100,000 [likelihood];About 1500 workers each year [likelihood] in Great Britain suffer a non-fatal major injury [effect] from contact with moving machinery [hazard]; orThe lifetime risk of an employee developing asthma [effect] from exposure to substance X [hazard] is significant [likelihood].

Page 127 of 129



Remember to follow guidance for overhead lines. Look up and LiveThis general series guidance note GS6 is for people who may be planning to work near overhead lines where there is a risk of contact with the wires, and describes the steps you should take to prevent contact with them. The fourth edition makes the advice easier to follow and has brought the supporting visuals up to date. The guidance has not fundamentally changed from the previous version. It is primarily aimed at employers and employees who are supervising or in control of work near live overhead lines, but it will also be useful for those who are carrying out the work.

Recommended Flame proof clothing:

• A suit of your choice

• Hard Hat & Visor – Yes you can get them for Arc Flash

• Gloves -

These lists are a guide only and not exhaustive.

Page 128 of 129



Tools

Tools, equipment and devices shall comply with the requirements of relevant European, National or International Standards where these exist.

Examples of tools, equipment and devices are:

– insulating boots, gloves and overshoes;– eye or face protection;– head protection;– suitable protective clothing;– insulating mats, platforms and stands;– insulating flexible and rigid screening materials;– insulated and insulating tools;– operating poles and rods;– locks, notices, signs;– voltage detectors and voltage detecting systems;– cable locating equipment;– earthing and short-circuiting equipment;– barriers, flags, supports.

Further ReadingThe Health and Safety AT Work Act 1974

Electricity at Work Act

Memorandum of guidance on the Electricity at work regulations 1989

HSG 230 Keeping Electrical Switchgear Safe

BS 6626:2012

BS EN 50191:2010 Electrical Test Equipment

BS EN 50522:2010 Earthing of Power installations exceeding 1kv a.c.

BS EN 61936-1:2010 Power Installations exceeding 1 kv a.c.

This list is not exhaustive.

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