Bellringer

Place your homework (the dinner party!) in the bin.

Look over your Renaissance Notes

BJOTD: What did the alien say to the gardener?

After the Renaissance Quiz

When the computer is free, email me the link to your Prezi.

Work on the Reformation Reading guide using the purple book!

Quiz Review

Work with a partner next to you to go over the answers from your last quiz What did you miss? What were you good on?

What are your weaknesses? What do you think you can do to improve your

grade next time?

Quiz Remediation

1 week Must be written by HAND Can use all notes and activities Opportunity to earn extra points (50!!) in

the purple category!

Bellringer On the back of your homework from last

night (the Reading Guide) please title the blank page “Bellringer 9/22/11” and complete this t-chart

BJOTD: Where does Santa hide his money?

Classroom Activity The Reformation

• The school attempted to raise money by selling points

to students• ·Students who performed

poorly on the quiz or other assignments were told they could still earn high grades

by selling points• Students who honored the

academic process or who couldn’t afford points were

troubled by the policy, believing it unfair.

Objectives

The Students will know: What simony, usury, and indulgences are Who was Martin Luther, Jan Huss, and John Wycliffe

The Students will understand: People desired a change in the way the Catholic

Church was run in Europe The Students will be able to:

Describe Martin Luther’s actions leading to the Protestant Reformation

List 3 reasons why people wanted church reform Identify two earlier reformers of the church prior to

Luther

CHALLENGING THE AUTHORITY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH

Church Abuses

Even before the Renaissance, people were critical of the Catholic Church. Nobles in Germany and

England hated the Italian domination of the Church

Merchants challenged the church’s view of no usury Usury: lending money at a

high rate of interest

Common Complaints: Many priests were illiterate Nuns and priests were

having illegitimate children Church officials were

charging to see holy remains and objects

Simony: the practice of paying for a church position

Indulgences: They are certificates issued by the church for money that would reduce or cancel punishment for your sins

FREEDOM FROM SIN

Early Attempts at Reform

John Wycliffe (1328-1384) Catholic Priest and reformer Beliefs

Felt that the church (and its officials) should be poor

Believed that church officials should not interfere with the government of a country

Jan Huss (1372-1415) From Bohemia Influenced by the ideas of John Wycliffe Teacher at the University of Prague Preached the ideas of Wycliffe and spoke out

against indulgences

Jan Huss ends up being put on trial and burned at the stake for heresy Heresy: a proposed

change to a system of beliefs that conflicts with the established system

July 6th is considered a holiday in the Czech Republic

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1500s: The Renaissance Causes Unrest

The Renaissance values of humanism, individualism, and secularism stimulated widespread criticism of the Catholic Church

Why? People began to think for and about

themselves, and wondered why the Church, who abused their power, had so much of it.

The Protestant Reformation

A religious movement during the 1500s that attempted to reform the Roman Catholic Church, and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.

Martin Luther

Who: German priest and reformer

Views: Salvation by faith

A person can go to heaven based on faith alone

The Bible is the ultimate authority of religion

All humans are equal before god

Movie

Why did Pope Leo increase the sales of indulgences?

What is an indulgence?

Why was it beneficial for people to buy an indulgence?

Luther’s Protest

Pope Leo X (and Johann Tetzel) was trying to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome

So he sold INDULGENCES and church positions

Luther did not agree with this"As soon as a coin in the coffer rings /

the soul from purgatory springs”

Luther HATED this idea

Professor in Wittenburg, Germany Lectured on a regular basis against the

church’s actions that he deemed corrupt On October 31, 1517 he nailed his “95

Theses” to the door of the Wittenburg church.

The 95 Theses

Said that the Catholic Church was corrupt in Germany

Printed Copies were spread throughout Germany, and so…

Sales of Indulgences went down Luther published more essays advocating

Justification by Faith Pope Leo X sent people to try to stop

Luther but he refused to stop So the Pope excommunicated Luther

from the Catholic Church Excommunicated: kicked out of the church

Those who believed in Luther’s ideas became Lutherans

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John Calvin (1509-1564)

Who: French religious scholar and pastor

1536: Calvin wrote “Institutions of Christian Religion” which outlined his beliefs and helped spread the Protestant Movement

Views: Predestination: God has

already decided who will be saved (faith/good works won’t help!)

Your faith is revealed by living a righteous life

You need to have a strong work ethic (work hard!)

The Life of a Citizen

All citizens had to attend Reformed church services several times a week

The Consistory inspected homes annually to make sure that no one was disobeying laws

Harsh punishments were dispensed to people who disobeyed the laws

NO… Drunkennes

s Fighting Swearing Gambling Card playing Dancing

Followers: Calvinists Scotland: John Knox adapted Calvin’s views

and created Presbyterianism

Henry VIII

Had some women troubles….

How many wives did he have? What was the song?

Why did he come into conflict with the church, do you think?

Henry VIII

Who: King of England from 1509 until his death

Needed: a son! He didn’t think his wife

Catherine of Aragon could give him one, so he needed a divorce.

Divorce is illegal in the Catholic Church, and the pope refused to annul the marriage.

1529-Henry left the Catholic Church Passed the Act of Supremacy:

a law that declared the King of England the head of the Church in England (instead of the Pope!)

He also stole all of the $$$ from the Catholic Churches in England.

The Terrible Tudors

Who ruled after Henry VIII?

What religion were each of these individuals?

Brain Pop: Queen Elizabeth

What religion was Elizabeth?

What policies did she encourage amongst her people concerning religion?

What else was she known for?

Elizabeth I

Who: Queen of England after her brother Edward and her sister Mary both died

Made Anglicanism the official religion of England

Encouraged religious tolerance (letting people believe in what they wanted to believe)

Defeated the Spanish Armada

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Poll: This individual believed that he had the...

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Poll: This individual believed that God has al...

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Poll: This person signed the Act of Supremacy.

Bellringer

Using your homework, on a piece of paper labeled “Bellringer 9/26/11” (# 15 in your notebook) please answer the following questions (you don’t have to write the questions down!): How did Luther feel about the Church? Why? How did Henry VIII feel about the Church? Why? How did Elizabeth I feel about her new Church?

Why? Use your notes!

BJOTD: Why couldn’t the bike stand up on its own?

THE CATHOLIC COUNTER-

REFORMATION

The Counter-Reformation (1545-1648)

A movement to change the Catholic Church in response to Protestant rebellions

What the Counter Reformation Did: eliminated abuses clarified Catholic theology, or religious beliefs re-established the pope’s authority over church

members

Council of Trent

Date: 1545-1563 Purpose: to redefine the teachings of

the Catholic Church Result(s):

Forbade selling indulgences Created religious schools Confirmed that Catholics achieve salvation by

faith and good works Restarted the Inquisition

Inquisition: religious court responsible for finding and punishing heretics (people against the church)

Counter-Reformation Promoted Through Art

Baroque: style that

emphasized emotion, complexity, and exaggeration

(This is Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s “Apollo and Daphne”)

Society of Jesus Founded to Spread Catholicism Around the World

Other Name: Jesuits Founder: Ignatius of Loyola What did they do?

Went to different countries to try and convert people to Catholicism

Opened universities in many countries Became advisors to royal courts

Question Break

What were three changes that the Catholic Church made to try and fix its reputation?

The Political Impact of the Reformation in Europe

France Protestants in

France: Huguenots St. Bartholomew’s

Day Massacre (August 24, 1572) What happened?

3,000 Huguenots killed in France in one day

Edict of Nantes passed in 1598 Law passed in France that gave Huguenots

religious freedom

Bellringer

Please turn in your Remediation to the bin. Use your notes to answer the worksheet on

the social changes. Objective: SWBAT assess the effects of

relevant social changes during the Renaissance and Reformation as well as review for an upcoming test.

BJOTD: Why did the baker bake more bread?

German States in the Holy Roman Empire

The Peasant’s Revolt Serfs demanded: freedom from serfdom Luther said: show them no mercy!

Luther’s Inspiration to German Princes (1529)

Princes split into two sides One group supported the Pope One group supported Luther’s ideas

Peace of Augsburg (1555)

Meeting of German princes in the HRE Decision: the religion of each German

state could be decided by its ruler

Question Break

What two agreements began the ideas of religious tolerance in Europe?

The Thirty Year War (1618-1648)

Fought between the Hapsburgs (Catholic Ruling Family) and the German Protestant Princes

The Thirty Year War was a conflict over religion, territory, and for power among European ruling families.

2 Phases of the War1. Hapsburg Family (Catholics) was

winning They had more money—so what?

2. In the end, the Hapsburg Family was defeated

The French began to fear that the Hapsburgs were gaining too much power so the French got involved.

Cardinal Richelieu: a French religious and political leader who supported the German princes

**IMPORTANT**

Because Cardinal Richelieu went against his religion of Catholicism, he changed the war from a religious war (Protestant vs. Catholics) to a political war (Hapsburg ruling family vs. the French nobility)

Peace of Westphalia (1648)

Ended the 30 Year War Results:

1st: Weakened the Hapsburg states of Spain and Austria

2nd: Strengthened France by awarding it German territory

3rd: Ended Religious Wars in Europe

In Conclusion…

The Renaissance had been a “rebirth” in Europe of learning, ideas, and beauty.

The Protestant Reformation stemmed from the questioning that humanism encouraged

The Catholic Reformation was a response to the abuses the Protestant Reformation brought to light

In the end, Europe is religiously divided

Question Break

1. What country or empire do you feel was most affected by Luther’s 95 Theses? Why?

2. Why did the German princes use the opportunity of Luther’s 95 Theses to break away from the Church?

3. What was the importance of Cardinal Richelieu to the 30 Years War?