Qal Imperative 2MP he kept (you) keep Hifil Imperative 2FP [] he threw (you) throw Piel Imperative 2FS he learned (you) teach Nifal Imperative 2MP [] he swore (you) swear Hitpael Imperative 2MS [] he prayed (you) pray Infinitives Two types: Infinitive Construct Infinitive Absolute Infinitives They are infinite in that they express the basic idea of the verb root but without: Person Number Gender Perfects, Imperfects, and Imperatives are limited to a specific person, number, and gender, so they are finite verbs Infinitive Construct Identical to the Imperative 2MS Infinitive Construct: he ruled Qal Imperative Qal Infinitive Construct Infinitive Construct: he ruled Nifal Imperative Nifal Infinitive Construct Infinitive Construct: he ruled Piel Imperative Piel Infinitive Construct Infinitive Construct: he ruled Pual Imperative Pual Infinitive Construct () Infinitive Construct: he ruled Hitpael Imperative Hitpael Infinitive Construct Infinitive Construct: he ruled Hofal Imperative Hofal Infinitive Construct () Hifil Infinitive Construct The sole exception The Hifil Infinitive Construct has a theme vowel rather than a in the 2MS Imperative Infinitive Construct: he ruled Hifil Imperative Hifil Infinitive Construct Using the Infinitive Construct 1.May be used without prefixes or suffixes Behold Using the Infinitive Construct 1.May be used without prefixes or suffixes Negation: not Qal Perfect 1CS he knew I do not know Using the Infinitive Construct 1.May be used without prefixes or suffixes Behold, I do no know Using the Infinitive Construct 1.May be used without prefixes or suffixes Piel Infinitive Construct he spoke to speak Using the Infinitive Construct 1.May be used without prefixes or suffixes Behold, I do no know (how) to speak Using the Infinitive Construct 2.Often follows a preposition or prepositional prefix Using the Infinitive Construct a) preposition prefixed to an infinitive construct often is translated as a temporal clause i.When the action took place Using the Infinitive Construct a) preposition prefixed to an infinitive construct often is translated as a causal clause i.Why the action took place Infinitive Construct with a preposition Preposition Qal Infinitive Construct he was, became while (he) was Infinitive Construct with a preposition While Joshua was in Jericho Using the Infinitive Construct b) preposition prefixed to an infinitive construct often is translated as a temporal clause i.when, as, just as, or as soon as Infinitive Construct with a preposition Preposition Qal Infinitive Construct he lay down when (he) lies down Infinitive Construct with a preposition When my lord the king lies down with his ancestors Using the Infinitive Construct c)The preposition most frequently prefixed to an infinitive is: i.It introduces purpose clauses, result clauses, or temporal clauses Infinitive Construct with a preposition Conjunction : for Qal Perfect 3MS he went out For Saul had gone out Infinitive Construct with a preposition Preposition Piel Infinitive Construct to seek/he sought For Saul had gone out to seek Infinitive Construct with a preposition For Saul had gone out to seek his life d) Prefixed to Infinitive Constructs This especially happens after verbs denoting the idea of withholding, restraining, or refusing to grand privilege Can also be used to express the comparative Is translated as from Prefixed to Infinitive Constructs Nifal Imperative 2MS he kept Guard/keep Prefixed to Infinitive Constructs Preposition to 2MS Pronoun: you Guard yourself Prefixed to Infinitive Constructs : from Piel Infinitive Construct he spoke from speaking Prefixed to Infinitive Constructs preposition: with Proper Noun MS: Jacob Prefixed to Infinitive Constructs Guard yourself from speaking with Jacob Infinitive Constructs with Pronominal Suffixes The suffix may function as either the subject or object of the infinitive Infinitive Constructs with Pronominal Suffixes Preposition Qal Infinitive Construct he lay down 2MS Suffix When you lay down Infinitive Constructs with Pronominal Suffixes Qal Imperfect 3FS he kept she will keep (watch) Infinitive Constructs with Pronominal Suffixes When you lie down, she will keep (watch) over you Infinitive Constructs with Pronominal Suffixes Preposition Qal Infinitive Construct he kept 2MS Suffix to keep you Infinitive Constructs with Pronominal Suffixes In all of your ways Infinitive Constructs with Pronominal Suffixes To keep you in all of your ways Negating Infinitives A negative infinitive clause is formed by placing so as not, or in order not to before the infinitive construct function like does in other constructions Negating Infinitives so as not to Negating Infinitives Qal Infinitive Construct he kept to keep Negating Infinitives his commandments Negating Infinitives So as not to keep his commandments The Infinitive Absolute The infinitive absolute never takes prepositional prefixes or pronominal suffixes. It may have a prefixed vav conjunction Infinitive Construct vs. Infinitive Absolute Qal Infinitive Construct Qal Infinitive Absolute Infinitive Construct vs. Infinitive Absolute Nifal Infinitive Construct Nifal Infinitive Absolute Infinitive Construct vs. Infinitive Absolute Nifal Infinitive Construct Nifal Infinitive Absolute Infinitive Construct vs. Infinitive Absolute Piel Infinitive Construct Piel Infinitive Absolute Infinitive Construct vs. Infinitive Absolute Piel Infinitive Construct Piel Infinitive Absolute Infinitive Construct vs. Infinitive Absolute Pual Infinitive Construct () Pual Infinitive Absolute Infinitive Construct vs. Infinitive Absolute Hitpael Infinitive Construct Hitpael Infinitive Absolute Infinitive Construct vs. Infinitive Absolute Hifil Infinitive Construct Hifil Infinitive Absolute Infinitive Construct vs. Infinitive Absolute Hofal Infinitive Construct () Hofal Infinitive Absolute Uses of the Infinitive Absolute Functions primarily in an adverbial sense Uses of the Infinitive Absolute 1.It is sometimes used in a gerundial sense, somewhat like the ing endings for verb forms in English Uses of the Infinitive Absolute Qal Infinitive Absolute he ate Eating Uses of the Infinitive Absolute eating flesh and drinking wine Uses of the Infinitive Absolute 2.Often stands immediately before its cognate verb, thus serving to strengthen, reinforce, and intensify the verbal idea Uses of the Infinitive Absolute Qal Infinitive Absolute he remembered Uses of the Infinitive Absolute Qal Imperfect 2MS he remembered Uses of the Infinitive Absolute You shall surely remember Uses of the Infinitive Absolute Direct Object marker Uses of the Infinitive Absolute Relative Conjunction: what Qal Perfect 3MS he did what (he did) Uses of the Infinitive Absolute The Lord your God Uses of the Infinitive Absolute You shall surely remember what the Lord your God did Uses of the Infinitive Absolute 3.Sometimes stands after its cognate verb, in which case it serves to emphasize the duration or continuation of the verbal idea. Uses of the Infinitive Absolute Preposition in vain Uses of the Infinitive Absolute Qal Perfect 3MS he refined Uses of the Infinitive Absolute Qal Infinitive Absolute he refined Uses of the Infinitive Absolute In vain he goes on refining Uses of the Infinitive Absolute 4.Sometimes also used as a substitute for a finite verb form Uses of the Infinitive Absolute Qal Infinitive Absolute Go (Imperatival Sense) Uses of the Infinitive Absolute Conjunction: and Piel Perfect 2MS and say Uses of the Infinitive Absolute Preposition: to Proper Noun MS David Uses of the Infinitive Absolute Go and say to David