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Programs and Programs and
Suggestions Suggestions
for Success of for Success of
Latino StudentsLatino Students
Cecilia Moore-Cobb and Anita SmithEnglish and Humanities Department
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““Resiliency factors” influence success of Resiliency factors” influence success of Latinos living in low socioeconomic Latinos living in low socioeconomic environments.environments.
These students make use of biological, These students make use of biological, psychological, and environment resources.psychological, and environment resources.
Schools provide environmental resources, thus Schools provide environmental resources, thus influencing psychological resources. Schools (1) influencing psychological resources. Schools (1) increase self-esteemincrease self-esteem (2) (2) stop negative chain of stop negative chain of eventsevents (3) (3) provide alternate route to successprovide alternate route to success (4) (4) remove stressorsremove stressors. (. (Science EducationScience Education 6 6))
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Personal barriers to Personal barriers to academic achievementacademic achievement
Lack of academic preparationLack of academic preparation Unfamiliarity with costs and benefitsUnfamiliarity with costs and benefits Unwillingness to leave homeUnwillingness to leave home Lack of family involvementLack of family involvement Necessity of student employment to help Necessity of student employment to help
family survivefamily survive Low self-conceptLow self-concept Failure to understand implications of Failure to understand implications of
different career optionsdifferent career options
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Institutional barriersInstitutional barriers
Ineffective strategies to ease Ineffective strategies to ease
academic and social integrationacademic and social integration
Commitment to monoculturalismCommitment to monoculturalism
Lower achievement expectationsLower achievement expectations
Resistance to advising Latinos asResistance to advising Latinos as
individuals with individual needs.individuals with individual needs.
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Schools require a long-term mission to connect culture, knowledge, and power.
“Nowhere perhaps are these issues more relevant than in the context of the community college where more and more diverse students are seeking educational opportunity and social mobility.” (Martinez 56)
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Learning Communities…Learning Communities…
Student-centeredStudent-centered learninglearning
Collaborative learningCollaborative learning Problem-solvingProblem-solving Sense of belongingSense of belonging Involvement in the Involvement in the
learning processlearning process
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Questions the College Should Ask:
1. On what assumptions is campus programming based?
2. What countries are represented by the Latino population?• Migration patterns?• Economic levels of those who migrated?• Parents’ educational levels?
3. Does the campus provide opportunities for all countries of origin to share cultures?
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Research Of Hispanic students at 145 community colleges indicates theimportance of . . .
•Student participation in ESL &
Hispanic Studies
•Career Counselor awareness
of placement in
appropriate programs
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Relationship-centered institutions Relationship-centered institutions take proactive roles.take proactive roles.
Community colleges enter into Community colleges enter into “relationships with entities concerned with “relationships with entities concerned with the common work of educating diverse the common work of educating diverse students and strengthening their students and strengthening their communities.”communities.”
These institutions focus on both internal These institutions focus on both internal and external collaborations “among all and external collaborations “among all stakeholders.”stakeholders.”
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Create models that engage Create models that engage two-year colleges two-year colleges with feeder K-12 schools.with feeder K-12 schools.
Early gradesEarly grades: tutoring elementary students : tutoring elementary students whose parents attend adult education whose parents attend adult education courses increases visibilitycourses increases visibility
High schoolHigh school: summer bridge programs, : summer bridge programs, mentoring programs that incorporate mentoring programs that incorporate Latino community college students, Latino community college students, sponsoring college and career dayssponsoring college and career days
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Create models with local Create models with local schools, business, and schools, business, and industry.industry.
School-to-work School-to-work opportunitiesopportunities
Youth Youth apprenticeshipsapprenticeships
Tech prepTech prep Career academiesCareer academies Cooperative Cooperative
educationeducation
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Create collaborative Create collaborative partnerships with four-year partnerships with four-year institutions.institutions.
Facilitate transfer processFacilitate transfer process Establish articulation Establish articulation
agreementsagreements Initiate Transfer Year Initiate Transfer Year
Experience Programs at the Experience Programs at the four-year institutions to ensure four-year institutions to ensure attainment of bachelor’s degreesattainment of bachelor’s degrees
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Team Activity:Relationship-Centered
Institutionis in your workshop notebook.
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A Latina
student
shares her
experience…
in your notebook!
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Latino students Latino students recommend . . .recommend . . .
Provide information in Spanish & English.Provide information in Spanish & English.Portray Latinos in institutional publications.Portray Latinos in institutional publications.Involve Latino parents.Involve Latino parents.Increase Latino visibility in staffing.Increase Latino visibility in staffing.Create leadership opportunities.Create leadership opportunities.Prepare Latino students for professional Prepare Latino students for professional
positions in student affairs.positions in student affairs.Bring in Latino speakers.Bring in Latino speakers.Create a climate of belonging.Create a climate of belonging.Provide rigorous courses & funding.Provide rigorous courses & funding.
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Additional strategies to Additional strategies to improve success of Latino improve success of Latino
studentsstudents
1.1. Supportive peer Supportive peer or study groups or study groups make a make a ““significant significant impact”impact”
on academic on academic achievement.achievement.
(Gandara, Gross)(Gandara, Gross)
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2. Schools can arrange community service activities for Latino students who are considered “sellouts” in their communities.
Working within the community can eradicate that stigma and ameliorate low academic
expectations.
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3. Financial assistance is imperative.
Supportlegislationthat assists undocumented students –
legislation such as Texas
House Bill 1403, the
Noriega Bill.
Target resources that are minority specific.
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4. Provide counseling for identity- 4. Provide counseling for identity- related problems.related problems.
Group counseling with peersGroup counseling with peers Pastoral counseling for Roman Catholic Pastoral counseling for Roman Catholic
youthsyouths
Pay attention to the Latino male student.
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5.PROFESSIONALDEVELOPMENTINTERNSHIPS
. . .
…strengthenacademics,
promotestandards of
professionalism,
and providefinancial support
Scholarship
funding
Workforcetransition
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6. Fund attendance at national 6. Fund attendance at national Hispanic leadership conferences.Hispanic leadership conferences.
“It was the amount of people there,
dressing up in a suit and trying to be professional, and having a resume.”
According to a participant at the
National Hispanic Business Association…
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7.
Promote community and
collegiality while
creating a
sense of family
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Care packages for other students and low-income families
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Bilingual parent receptions
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Annual cultural eventsAnnual cultural events
El Dia de los MuertosoMisa de la
Virgen de
Guadalupe
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Service work . . .Service work . . .
with disabled with disabled children at local children at local churcheschurches
with homeless with homeless shelters & food shelters & food banksbanks
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8. Employ bilingual students
as translators
for administration, faculty, and staff.
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9. Increase diversity of 9. Increase diversity of teachers teachers through pre-ed through pre-ed programs.programs.Nearly ½ U.S. undergraduates entering Nearly ½ U.S. undergraduates entering
postsecondary institutions begin at community postsecondary institutions begin at community colleges.colleges.
30% of K-12 is an ethnic minority; 13% of 30% of K-12 is an ethnic minority; 13% of teaching force is ethnic minority.teaching force is ethnic minority.
55% of Latinos in higher education are at a 55% of Latinos in higher education are at a community college.community college.
NACCTEP’s mission is to train diverse preK-12 NACCTEP’s mission is to train diverse preK-12 teachers.teachers.
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HACU (Hispanic Association of Colleges and Universities) is the only national association that represents Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) and others committed to Hispanic success in higher education.
World View: An International Program for Educators at UNC-CH sponsors World View Partner
Colleges for community colleges. North Carolina Society of Hispanic Professionals has
a mission to promote cooperation among Hispanic professionals, concerned individuals, and organizations.
10. Join state, regional, and 10. Join state, regional, and national Hispanic organizations national Hispanic organizations
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Latino students do not successfully transfer; they negotiate unfamiliarterritory while feeling tension.
“Should I return home after completing my degree or seek opportunities that will take me further from home?”
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The The Plan?Plan?
Construct solid Construct solid campus-family-community campus-family-community
partnerships.partnerships.
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Successful Latino Successful Latino students can return students can return to their to their communities to …communities to …
““reach out and reach out and support others in support others in attaining higher attaining higher education.”education.”
(Mina 8)(Mina 8)
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The long-term mission of a community college should be to nurture the Latino student’s ability
– indeed any student’s ability – to “thrive, mature, and increase competence”
in a global community.(Science Education 6)
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