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Upcoming in Class Quiz #2 Next Wednesday
Homework #4 – Oct. 8th Exam #2 – Oct. 8th
Extra Credit Writing Assignment Oct. 17th
Writing Assignment Due Oct. 24th
Pollution Types Uniformly Mixed Pollutants – a pollutant
emitted by many sources in a region resulting in relatively uniform concentration levels across the region (SOx, CO2)
Non-uniformly mixed pollutants – pollutants that have different effects in different areas, depending on where they are emitted (water pollution from factories, sewage, and runoff from agriculture)
Policies Standards (Non-uniformly mixed
pollutants)
Taxes (Uniformly Mixed Pollutants)
Permits (Uniformly Mixed Pollutants)
A Transferrable Pollution Permit System
Firms are allocated X number of permits
A permit represents the right to pollute 1 ton of CO2.
Firms can buy and sell permits. But firm sells their permits, they can no longer pollute and must control their pollution instead.
Example – 2 Polluting Sources
Coal Power Plant 15 tons of CO2
• Natural Gas Power Plant
• 15 tons of CO2• Suppose we determine that to maintain clean healthy air, we need to reduce emissions by 15 tons total.
• Who should reduce emissions? By how much?
Cost-Effective Allocation of a Uniformly Mixed Pollutant
Cost-Effective Allocation Minimizes the control cost between
the two sources Cost Effectiveness Equimarginal
Principle• Cost of achieving a given level of reduction
is minimized when• MC1=MC2=MC3=..=MCX
• Marginal costs of all emitters are equal
Example – 2 Emitters MCcoal = 10 + ½ * Qcoal-CO2
MCng = 5 + Qng-CO2
Each firm currently emits 100 tons of CO2
The government wants the to reduce overall emissions to 150 tons of CO2
QCO2 = Qcoal-CO2 + Qng-CO2
Issuing Permits Lottery (equitable)
Grandfathering (politically appealing)
Auction (government revenue generated)
Example – 2 Emitters MCcoal = 6 + 1/3 * Qcoal-control
MCng = 2 + Qng-control
Each firm currently emits 100 tons of CO2
The government wants the to reduce overall emissions to 140 tons of CO2
Qcontrol = Qcoal-control + Qng-control
Suppose a tax of $30 is implemented instead
What is the control cost to each firm?
What is the revenue to the government?
Upcoming in Class Quiz #2 Next Wednesday
Homework #4 – Oct. 8th Exam #2 – Oct. 8th
Extra Credit Writing Assignment Oct. 17th
Writing Assignment Due Oct. 24th