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HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Renaissance – is a French word that means “rebirth” or renewal
The Renaissance began in Italy Marked the link into the modern world
from the Middle Ages
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Accession of Henry VII inaugurates the Tudor dynasty and also marks the beginning of the Renaissance period
The family name derives from Owen Tudor. Although he had no direct claim to the throne he married Catherine of Valois (widow of King Henry V)
His grandson was Henry VII
WHAT MADE THE RENAISSANCE?
Interest in humans Introduction of Universities The movable print Age of exploration Reformation
THE CITY
Markets expanded significantly International trade flourished The population expanded – from 60,000
in 1520 to 120,000 in 1550
LITERACY
The art of printing from moveable metal type, a German invention, had been introduced to England by William Caxton
Printing made books cheaper and more plentiful, providing more opportunity to read and more incentive to learn
THE CHURCH
Officially, in the early 16th century England had one religion – Catholicism
The head of the church was the pope in Rome
A vast system of confessions, pardons, penance, absolution, indulgences, sacred relics, and ceremonies gave church great power
CULTURE
The court was the center of culture Fashions in dress, speech, painting,
music, poetry shaped the taste and imagination of the country as a whole
In the Tudor era the route to power lay in proximity to the royal body. (groom of the stool)
CLOTHING
THE TUDOR DYNASTY
HENRY VII
Married Catherine of Aragon
Died unexpectedly
Catherine of Aragon married his younger brother Henry VIII
HENRY VIII
Married six times It is easiest to remember
using this device: divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived
Declared himself the head of the English church in 1534
He produced three children all together – Mary, Elizabeth, and Edward VI
Edward died when he was only 15
EDWARD VI
Became king in 1547 at the age of 10
Died in 1553 – only six years after his accession
Both the ten year-old Edward and his staunch successive Protectors were Protestants
MARY TUDOR
Mary was devout Catholic
Persecution of protestants led her to receive the name “Bloody Mary”
When Mary died of what modern researches would have called an ovarian cyst Elizabeth took the throne
ELIZABETH I – THE LAST OF THE TUDORS
Reigned for 45 years
Considered the “Golden Years”
She never married Was very well
educated – she spoke six languages