Texas
Iowa
California
Virginia
Missouri
Louisiana
OhioIllinois
Utah
Arkansas
Oklahoma
New York
Maine
Maryland
Idaho
Colorado
Oregon
Indi
ana
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Vermont
Connecticut
Nebraska
Mississippi
Kansas
Massachusetts
Kentucky
Wisconsin
North Carolina
Min
neso
ta
New M
exico
Wes
t Virg
inia
Mic
higa
nMontana
South Dakota
Arizona
Tennessee
Florida
Washington
Nevada
South Carolina
Alabama
DelawareNew Hampshire
Georgia
North Dakota
Wyoming
Rhode Island
Texas
Ohio
North Carolina
Pennsylvania
Georgia
Missouri
Utah
New York
CaliforniaColorado
Virginia
IndianaIllinois
Mississippi
Kansas
Alabama
West Virginia
Kentucky
Florida
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Nevada
Tennessee
NebraskaIowa
Oregon
New Mexico
Arkansas
Idaho
Wisconsin
Arizona
Connecticut
MontanaMassachusetts
Washington
Maryland
Wyoming
New Jersey
Vermont
Michigan
Louisiana
Maine
Minnesota
New Hampshire
South Dakota
Michigan
Delaware
North Dakota
New York
Rhode Island
Texas
California
Iowa
Illinois
Louisiana
Missouri
Ohio
Arkansas
Virginia
New York
Florida
Oregon
Colorado
Utah
Georgia
Pennsylvania
Oklahoma
Kansas
Maine
Maryland
Arizona
Connecticut
Idaho
New Jersey
Nevada
Indi
ana
Alabama
Vermont
Massachusetts
Nebraska
South DakotaWyoming
Kentucky
Mississippi
Wisconsin
Tennessee
Mic
higa
n
North Carolina
Min
neso
ta
Montana
Washington
Wes
t Virg
inia
New Mexico
North Dakota
South Carolina
Delaware
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
% Roads in poor condition
Americans traveled 2.85 trillion vehicle-miles in 2002. While highway mileage is mostly rural, a majority of road travel (60%) occurred in urban areas in 2002. As vehicle-miles traveled continues to
increase for all vehicles, it increased at a greater rate for commercial trucks, which has caused increased wear and tear on roads and bridges throughout the United States.
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Texas
Colorado Ohio
Utah
Georgia
New Hampshire
Virginia
Maryland
MaineVermont
New York
Kentucky
Indiana
Alabama
Oregon
Nevada
Delaware
West Virginia
North Carolina
Kansas
Arizona
New Mexico
Massachusetts
Illinois
Nebraska
Wisconsin
Iowa
Oklahoma
Idaho North Dakota
Florida
California
Mississippi
Minnesota
Washington
Connecticut
Arkansas
Tennessee
Missouri
Louisiana
MichiganMontana
Rhode Island
Michigan
South Carolina
Wyoming
New York
South Dakota
Historically, some of the largest disasters in the United States have resulted from dam failures. In 1889, 2,209 lives were lost when the South Fork Dam failed above Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The 1928
St. Francis Dam failure killed 450. During the 1970s, the failures of the Buffalo Creek Dam in West Virginia, Teton Dam in Idaho and the Toccoa Falls Dam in Georgia collectively cost 175 lives and more
than $1 billion in losses. Such dam failures as Silver Lake Dam in Michigan in 2003 ($100 million in damages and economic losses of $1 million per day) and the Big Bay Lake Dam in Mississippi in March 2004 (100 homes destroyed) are reminders of the potential consequences of unsafe dams.
Number of deficient dams
Ohio
Utah
Texas
Virginia
Iowa
Illinois
Florida
Arizona
IdahoOregon
Maine
California
New York
Kansas
Alabama
Indiana
Missouri
KentuckyMaryland
Colorado
Georgia
Nevada
New Mexico
Louisiana
TennesseeOklahoma
Nebraska
Montana
Mississippi
Vermont
Minnesota
Arkansas
Wyoming
West Virginia
Washington
ConnecticutPennsylvania
Wisconsin
North Carolina
MassachusettsMichigan
South Carolina
North Dakota
South Dakota
New Hampshire
New Jersey
Delaware
Rhode Island
Michigan
New York
The map shows percentage of schools with at least one deficient building. The Federal government has not assessed the condition of America’s schools since 1999, when it estimated that $127 billion
was needed to bring facilities to good condition. Other sources have since reported a need as high as $268 billion.
% Deficient schools
AbstractIf a picture is worth a thousand words, a map is probably worth a million words. This is generally true for those with trained eyes and minds who can look at a map and appreciate the data it displays. Those who are spatially challenged, however, no matter how clear the message a map illustrates, they seem unable to comprehend the meaning behind the data. An effective way of displaying data in a much clearer fashion is to proportion features such as points, lines, or polygons to a certain phenomenon that will sharpen focus on one or more factors. In addition to other variations that GIS software packages make available, size variation compounds the desired effect and leaves a stronger impression on map viewers. This presentation will show how cartographic maps can be used to illustrate the scope and depth of issues related to America’s infrastructure. The examples that will be used are related to roads, bridges, dams, drinking water, wastewater, parks, the environment, and transit and energy facilities. This approach has been used in teaching students with limited or no background in GIS and was received with enthusiasm and fascination. It effectively allowed the students to appreciate the extent of the problems faced by the states of the union in addressing infrastructure needs.
Texas
Utah
Ohio
Illinois
California
Oregon
IowaNevada
Minnesota
Virginia
Florida
Kentucky
Idaho
Arizona
Indi
ana
New York
Alabama
Missouri
Maryland
Georgia
Kansas
Maine
Colorado
Tennessee
Louisiana
Montana
North Carolina
Mississippi
New Jersey
Nebraska
Arkansas
Wyoming Pennsylvania
South Carolina
Connecticut
Washington
Verm
ont
Oklahoma
New
Mexico
Wis
cons
in
Mic
higa
n
Wes
t Virg
inia
South Dakota
North Dakota Massachusetts
Delaware
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
% Congested roads
More than 67% of peak hour traffic occurs in congested conditions. The cost to the economy—in wasted time and fuel—in the 85 largest urban areas is $63.2 billion each year. In addition, poor
highway conditions hinder the effective transport of goods that help support the American economy.
Illinois
Texas
Ohio
New York
California
Florida
Indiana
Pennsylvania
Arizona
New Jersey
Missouri
Virginia
IowaNevada
Kentucky
North Carolina
Maryland
GeorgiaAlabama
Wyoming
Nebraska
Wisconsin Michigan
Louisiana
West Virginia
Kansas
Minnesota
Utah
Oregon
Washington
Maine
Massachusetts
Colorado
Tennessee
Connecticut
South Carolina
Delaware
Mississippi
Arkansas
Michigan
Montana
Oklahoma
Vermont
Idaho
New Mexico
New Hampshire
Rhode IslandNorth Dakota
South Dakota
Aging wastewater management systems discharge billions of gallons of untreated sewage into U.S. surface waters each year. The EPA estimates that the nation must invest $390 billion over the next 20
years to replace existing systems and build new ones to meet increasing demands.
Wastewater needs ($Billions)
Ohio
Texas
Utah
Iowa
Florida
Illinois
Oregon
Virginia
Idaho
Kansas
Arizona
California
Maine
New York
Indiana
GeorgiaAlabama
Nevada
Montana
Missouri
Kentucky
Colorado
Louisiana
Arkansas
Wyoming
OklahomaNew Mexico
Nebraska
Tennessee
Minnesota
Vermont
Mississippi
Pennsylvania
West Virginia
Washington
Wisconsin
North Carolina
Connecticut
South Carolina
MassachusettsMichigan
North Dakota
South Dakota
New Hampshire
Maryland
New Jersey
Delaware
Rhode Island
Michigan
New York
% Environmentally deficient schools
The map shows percentage of schools with at least one environmentally deficient building. Given that children are the future, it is believed that governments at all levels should make primary and secondary education a priority, and should provide the resources to support the necessary
infrastructure.
$ Repair cost/motorist/year
Poor road conditions cost U.S. motorists $54 billion a year in repairs and operating costs—$275 per motorist. Americans spend 3.5 billion hours a year stuck in traffic, at a cost of $63.2 billion a year to
the economy. Total spending of $59.4 billion annually is well below the $94 billion needed annually to improve transportation infrastructure conditions nationally.
The number of high hazard potential dams (dams whose failure would cause loss of human life)is increasing dramatically. Since 1998, the number of high hazard potential dams has increased from
9,281 to 10,213. As downstream land development increases, so will the number of high hazard potential dams. As these dams often require major repair to accommodate more stringent inspection, maintenance and design standards, financial support for state dam safety programs must keep pace.
Number of high hazard dams
ASCE Report Card • Aviation (D+), • Bridges (C), • Dams (D), • Drinking Water (D-), • Energy (D), • Hazardous Waste (D), • Navigable Waterways (D-),
Texas
Ohio
Iowa
Virginia
New York
Maine
Missouri
Utah
Oklahoma
Alabama
Arizona
Pennsylvania
Louisiana
Kansas
Nevada
Vermont
Kentucky
Oregon
Georgia
Florida
California
Connecticut
Idaho
Arkansas
Illin
ois
Mississippi
Indi
ana
Massachusetts
Nebraska
West V
irginia
Maryland
Montana
Min
neso
ta
North Carolina
Tennessee
New Jersey
Wyoming
Colorado
Mic
higa
n
Washington
Wisconsin
South Dakota
New
Mexico
North Dakota
South Carolina
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Delaware“[27.1%] of the nation’s 590750 bridges [are] rated structurally deficient or functionally obsolete”. A
structurally deficient bridge is closed or restricted to light vehicles because of its deteriorated structural components. While not necessarily unsafe, these bridges must have limits for speed and
weight. A functionally obsolete bridge has older design features and, while it is not unsafe for all vehicles, it cannot safely accommodate current traffic volumes, and vehicle sizes and weights.
% Structurally deficient bridges
Texas
California
New York
OhioIllinois
Iowa
Florida
Pennsylvania
Michigan
Oregon
Georgia
Virginia
Missouri
Wisconsin
Indiana
Washington
Minnesota
Colorado
Nebraska
Kansas
Kentucky
Arizona Oklahoma
New Jersey
Massachusetts
North Carolina
Arkansas
Alabama
Connecticut
Maryland
Louisiana
Tennessee
Mississippi
Michigan
Nevada
Montana
Idaho
New Mexico
West Virginia
Utah
Maine
South Carolina
Vermont
North Dakota
Delaware
South Dakota
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Wyoming
America faces a shortfall of $11 billion annually to replace aging facilities and comply with safe drinking water regulations. Federal funding for drinking water in 2005 remained level at $850 million,
less than 10% of the total national requirement.
Drinking water needs ($Billion)
• Public Parks (C-), • Rail (C-), • Roads (D), • Schools (D), • Solid Waste (C+), • Transit (D+), • Wastewater (D-), • Cumulative grade is (D).