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REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE
Conquest of Italian Peninsula
Rome vs. Carthage (trading empire) 3 Punic Wars- fought to control
Mediterranean Sea 1st War
Romans build navy Carthage wants peace
Punic Wars 2nd Punic War
Hannibal- Carthaginian general, took over parts of Rome
Scipio- Roman general that took Carthage
Rome wins
Punic Wars
3rd Punic War Rome destroys Carthage & invades Greece Rome was now the supreme power in the
Mediterranean
Economic Effects
A. Trade & Food new wealthy class
emerged- equites
B. Gracchi- brothers, saw need for reform in republic
C. Spartacus (73-71 BC): led slave rebellion of 90,000
Decline of Republic
A. Gaius Marius 107 BC created a volunteer
army - were paid & given land
B. Lucius Sulla 88 BC Civil war – became
dictator
Julius Caesar
1. First Triumvirate: Caesar, Pompey and Crassus formed a political alliance
2. Caesar brought all of Gaul under Roman rule
Julius Caesar
3. Reforms a. Launched war on Romeb. Name dictator for life by Senatec. Increased size of Senate but reduced its
power
Julius Caesar
4. Ides of March- 44 BC conspirators killed Caesar in the Senate
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nPYuxReh7fM&feature=relmfu&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Civil Wars
2nd Triumvirate A. Mark Antony: became
disliked in Rome after his affair with Cleopatra
B.Octavian : becomes first Roman emperor
Roman Empire/Roman Peace
A. Augustus- first ruler of Roman EmpireB. Pax Romana- reign of Augustus
Roman Empire/Roman Peace
c. Caligula: “Little Boot”- wanted to name his horse consul
d. Nero: Emperor who mercilessly persecuted the Christians
Roman Empire/Roman Peace
E. Nerva: the first of a series of rulers known as the Five Good Emperors
F. Hadrian: built a big wall in Great Britain to keep out invaders
G. Marcus Aurelius: the last of the Good Emperors