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http://www.rub.de/homeexpneu/lehre/biochemie/vorlesungen.html.de
http://www.rub.de/homeexpneu/lehre/biochemie/vorlesungen.html.de
Figure 1-23
The immune system protects against these diseases by deciding what is
Foreign and what is Self!
Vaccination with exudate
The birth-hour of vaccination
Wellcome Library, London
Edward Jenner (1749-1823)
Cowpox
on the
udder
Protection against
Human Smallpox!
Figure 1-2
Protein
SSPE: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Attenuated Virus
Attenuated Virus
Other successes of immunological research
- Development of therapeutic antibodies for the neutralization of pro-
inflammatory cytokines/cells to treat e.g. Rheumatoid Arthritis,
Multiple Sclerosis
- Treatment of cancer by using CAR-T-cells
- Immunodiagnostic for diagnosis of several diseases such as AIDS,
Leukemia, Borreliosis
- Deeper understanding of disease pathomechanisms
Blood smear- Pappenheim stain Giemsa / May Grünwald
Figure 1-4 part 1 of 3
Figure 1-4 part 2 of 3
Figure 1-4 part 3 of 3
Figure 1-6
Figure 1-4 part 3 of 3antigen
presentation,
production of
Antibodies
(plasma cell)
Killing of
infected
cells,
activation of
other
immune cells
Figure 1-3
The immune cells (leukocytes) and their precursors
Figure 1-14 part 1 of 2
B- and T-cells show a high diversity in antigen specificity
Autoreactive
B-cell killed in
bone marrow
Autoreactive
T-cell killed in
the Thymus
Figure 1-7
The immune cells are organized in the lymphatic system
yellow: primary lymph tissue
blue: secondary lymph tissue
Figure 1-8 part 1 of 2B-cell T-cell
interactionB-cell
proliferation
Figure 1-8 part 2 of 2
Histologic appearance of a lymph node
Germinal
center
Medulla
Figure 1-9 part 1 of 3
red pulp
white pulp
PALS= periarterial lymphatic sheaths
Figure 1-9 part 2 of 3
B-cell T-cell
interactionB-cell
proliferation
Figure 1-10Peyer´s Patches
B-cell T-cell
interaction
B-cell
proliferation
Germinal
center
Figure 1-11
The circulation of lymphocytes through the body
Stages of the immune response to infectious
microbes
Innate immune response
Macrophages express many
receptors to detect bacteria
Figure 1-12
Activation of an innate immune response at sites of infection
results in inflammation
Cytokines = small proteins that can act in an autocrine, endocrine
or paracrine manner „hormones of the immune system“
Chemokines = Cytokines with chemotactic activity
dendritic
cell
Figure 1-13
Activation of an adaptive immune response in the lymph node
HEV= venules with high endothelium
Figure 1-15Clonal selection of lymphocytes
Figure 1-14 part 2 of 2
Clonal expansion of antigen specific lymphocytes in lymph nodes
Figure 1-22
Professional antigen presenting cells
Figure 1-27
Antigen presenting molecules
Figure 1-28Presentation of peptides on MHC I molecules
Figure 1-29
Presentation of peptides on MHC II molecules
Figure 1-21
The activation of effector T-lymphocytes
Figure 1-30
The effector function of cytotoxic T-cells
Figure 1-31
The effector function of helper T-cells (Th1)
The effector function of helper T-cells (Th2)
variable region (paratope)
The structure of antibodies
Figure 1-24
The different effector function of antibodies
