© SSHA

Seminar on Current Challenges Facing Hydropower Development in Europe: Reserved flow, River Basin

Management Plans & Certification for Hydro Brussels, 1-2 October 2009

Reserved flow & producers’ point of view

Slovenian Small Hydropower AssociationMarko Gospodjinački, president

member

AQuote

Let’s not be blinded by abundance.Instead, be wise to use those natural resources that are not

harmful to the World to extent that covers our needs.

© SSHA

EnvironmentEnvironment

Stressed

Damaged

Overpopulated

Protected?

ActionsIndividual System

© SSHA

Baseloadl/s = kWh

Electricityimportance

Qres values

Define- Respect

FisheryMigration, Protection Public

Interest

Ecological status

Before-After

Energy value

Open market

Other interests

Drinking waterIrrigation

Recreational

Multilayered Interests

Environmental valuekWh = GHG

© SSHA

Present solutionsPresent solutions

© SSHA

Wide low slope river(minimum and maximum values of reserved flow calculated with different

methods)

Small alpine torrent (minimum and maximum values of reserved flow calculated with different

methods)

Source: TNSHP

© SSHA

Catchment Area

Group of ecological

type< 10 km2 10-100 km2 100-1.000

km2

1.000-2.500 km2

inMQ(1) < 50 m3

> 2.500 km2

orMQ(1) > 50 m3

Punctual diversion1(2) 0,8 0,8 0,6 0,52(2) 0,8 0,6 0,5 0,53 0,6 0,5 0,44 0,4

Short diversion or long diversion in dry period1(2) 1,6 1,6 1,2 1,02(2) 1,6 1,2 1,0 1,03 1,2 1,0 0,84 0,8

Long diversion in wet period1(2) 3,2 3,2 2,4 2,02(2) 3,2 2,4 2,0 2,03 2,4 2,0 1,64 1,6

Proposal of Slovenian Ministry of EnvironmentProposal of Slovenian Ministry of EnvironmentQres = f * MNQQres = f * MNQ

© SSHA

QQQQuotesuotes:: WWWWe don’t need small hydropower plantse don’t need small hydropower plants

SHP are destroying the rivers (valleys)SHP are destroying the rivers (valleys) TTThe energy production is negligable for the negative environmental impactThe energy production is negligable for the negative environmental impact

... and similar... and similar

((WHY)DDO WE NEED

((SMALL) HYDROPOWER PLANTS?

© SSHA

70 % loss of energy

8 % loss of energy

© SSHA

WHY Small Hydropower?WHY Small Hydropower?

• Clean energy productionClean energy production

• Decentralised energy productionDecentralised energy production (meeting local demands, lowering

losses in transmission, ensuring autonomy)• Energy production diversificatonEnergy production diversificaton

• No GHG emissionsNo GHG emissions

• Grid stabilityGrid stability

• Local Economic developmentLocal Economic development

• Creating jobsCreating jobs

• Maintenance of river basins Maintenance of river basins (floating waste, hydrological monitoring,...)• High energy payback ratioHigh energy payback ratio

© SSHA

50 Hz50 Hz(49...51)(49...51)

© SSHA

Importance of production availability Importance of production availability (the science behind)(the science behind)

The problem of primary and secondary frequency regulation of a multi-machine power system is analyzed with a Liapunov function method based on a quadratic performance index. The main purpose is to determine the best set of parameters of primary and secondary regulation according to an optimization criterion. The objective consists of achieving a settling time as short as possible which is relevant in a longitudinal system, whose structure includes long transmission lines with a reduced number of loops.

Frequency and turbine valve positions are used as state variables, and optimal control parameters for primary and secondary regulation are used as control variables. Performance index behavior under different frequency control schemes is then used to determine the optimal values to set the droops and gains of primary and secondary regulation. Tests for different disturbance locations and selection of regulating units are simulated on a model of the Chilean Central Interconnected System (CIS). It is shown that significant improvements can be achieved with the proposed method.© SSHA

Pumped Storage Hydro

Policy

© SSHA

RES-E production is of national (global)

importance

... So is the environmental

protection

GHG Impact

Consumption

To support and develop SHP is a system decission,

therefore to act against this development is against the

common interests.

Positive environmental

footprintCriteria

Science

Economy

Limitations

Energy lossvs

Min biocenosisrequirements

Policy

Zveza društev MHE SlovenijeZveza društev MHE SlovenijeSlovenian Small Hydropower Slovenian Small Hydropower

AssociationAssociation

Thank you for your Thank you for your attention!attention!