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Was Wolsey the big Was Wolsey the big man of Europe?man of Europe?
TBAT identify the key views TBAT identify the key views on Wolsey’s approach to on Wolsey’s approach to
foreign policyforeign policy
To assess the successes and To assess the successes and failures of Wolsey’s policiesfailures of Wolsey’s policies
Learning objectives
Key words: regency watershed dauphin
If you were Wolsey, who would you
form alliances with to
improve own and your
king’s status in Europe?
Who would you
create enemies
of?
Your taskYour task
Read p.65 and note down the views Read p.65 and note down the views of these historians:of these historians:
G.R.EltonG.R.Elton A.F.PollardA.F.Pollard J.J.ScarisbrickJ.J.Scarisbrick Steve GunnSteve Gunn Who do you agree with and why?Who do you agree with and why?
Historians on WolseyHistorians on Wolsey
G.R.EltonG.R.Elton: wanted Eng. To hold balance : wanted Eng. To hold balance of power by forming alliances with of power by forming alliances with powerful rulerspowerful rulers
A.F.PollardA.F.Pollard: wanted to pursue papal : wanted to pursue papal policy as cardinal & legate a laterepolicy as cardinal & legate a latere
J.J.ScarisbrickJ.J.Scarisbrick: aimed to encourage peace: aimed to encourage peace Steve GunnSteve Gunn: couldn’t predict where : couldn’t predict where
foreign policy would go - improvisedforeign policy would go - improvised Who do you agree with and why?Who do you agree with and why?
Your taskYour task Wolsey’s first foray into foreign Wolsey’s first foray into foreign
policy didn’t go well. Read p.66 and policy didn’t go well. Read p.66 and list reasons why Wolsey and Henry list reasons why Wolsey and Henry would have felt humiliated by the would have felt humiliated by the end of 1517end of 1517
How far do you think Wolsey was to How far do you think Wolsey was to blame?blame?
How embarassing!
Embarrassing buddiesEmbarrassing buddies
Duke of Albany overthrew regency Duke of Albany overthrew regency of Margaret (H8’s sister)of Margaret (H8’s sister)
Francis I beat Swiss at Marignano Francis I beat Swiss at Marignano (1515)(1515)
Concordat of Bologna (1516)Concordat of Bologna (1516) Double-crossed by Maximilian IDouble-crossed by Maximilian I Peace of Cambrai left England Peace of Cambrai left England
isolatedisolated
Your taskYour task
Things get better with the Treaty of Things get better with the Treaty of London. Read p.67 and list reasons London. Read p.67 and list reasons why Wolsey might feel a bit better!why Wolsey might feel a bit better!
What were the threats to the Treaty What were the threats to the Treaty of London? Find out by reading and of London? Find out by reading and taking notes on the bottom of the taking notes on the bottom of the pagepage
Treaty of London, 1518Treaty of London, 1518
Orchestrated by WolseyOrchestrated by Wolsey Non-aggression pactNon-aggression pact Collective securityCollective security Diplomatic prestige – 20 reps Diplomatic prestige – 20 reps
in Londonin London French pension in return for French pension in return for
TournaiTournai Mary betrothed to DauphinMary betrothed to Dauphin
Your taskYour task
Then came the Field of the Cloth of Then came the Field of the Cloth of Gold – but how much did it achieve? Gold – but how much did it achieve? Make a list of English triumphs and Make a list of English triumphs and disasters between 1520 and 25. Use disasters between 1520 and 25. Use p.68-9p.68-9
Who comes out on top, England, Who comes out on top, England, Spain or France in this period?Spain or France in this period?
TriumphsTriumphs FotCoG logistical success – FotCoG logistical success –
3,000 notables, royal 3,000 notables, royal pavilions, festivitiespavilions, festivities
Wolsey arranged 3 Powers Wolsey arranged 3 Powers conference in Calais (1521)conference in Calais (1521)
Treaty of Bruges (1521) Treaty of Bruges (1521) with Charles Vwith Charles V
Wolsey delayed committing Wolsey delayed committing Eng troops to war against Eng troops to war against FranceFrance
FailuresFailures
FotCoG – achieved little FotCoG – achieved little of diplomatic of diplomatic importanceimportance
Raiding party led by Raiding party led by Surrey (1522) made no Surrey (1522) made no territorial gainsterritorial gains
English support for English support for rebellion led by Charles, rebellion led by Charles, duke of Bourbon came duke of Bourbon came to nothingto nothing
Your taskYour task
What changed in1525? Read p.69-70 What changed in1525? Read p.69-70 and explain dramatic change in and explain dramatic change in English foreign policyEnglish foreign policy
List events outside Wolsey’s control List events outside Wolsey’s control that added to his problems.that added to his problems.
Would you agree with G.R.Elton this Would you agree with G.R.Elton this year was a diplomatic revolution?year was a diplomatic revolution?
Battle of Pavia, 1525
WatershedWatershed Battle of Pavia (1525) – Charles V captured Battle of Pavia (1525) – Charles V captured
Francis IFrancis I Treaty of Cognac (1526) – Eng. & Fr formed an Treaty of Cognac (1526) – Eng. & Fr formed an
alliancealliance Treaty of Westminster (1527) – marriage Treaty of Westminster (1527) – marriage
agreement involving Maryagreement involving Mary Sack of Rome (1527) – Clement VII taken Sack of Rome (1527) – Clement VII taken
prisonerprisoner Great Matter – H8 dependent on support of Great Matter – H8 dependent on support of
PopePope Peace of Cambrai (1529) – Eng isolatedPeace of Cambrai (1529) – Eng isolated
Group taskGroup task
You will be given a series of dates You will be given a series of dates and events. Plot them on a living and events. Plot them on a living timeline.timeline.
Do you agree that 1525 was the Do you agree that 1525 was the watershed?watershed?
HomeworkHomework Read p.71-3 and Read p.71-3 and
create a scales chart create a scales chart detailing the detailing the successes and failures successes and failures of Wolsey’s foreign of Wolsey’s foreign policy. Don’t forget a policy. Don’t forget a judgement at the end.judgement at the end.
Which of the Which of the historians’ views of historians’ views of Wolsey’s foreign Wolsey’s foreign policy principles do policy principles do you most agree with?you most agree with?
On balance, where do you lie?
Was Wolsey the big Was Wolsey the big man of Europe?man of Europe?
TBAT identify the key views TBAT identify the key views on Wolsey’s approach to on Wolsey’s approach to
foreign policyforeign policy
To assess the successes and To assess the successes and failures of Wolsey’s policiesfailures of Wolsey’s policies
Learning objectives
Key words: regency watershed dauphin