...Text # Title Date Genre Source Dialect 01 Hungry Children (1:1:227) 13/08/96 Story Simeon Sau...

Notsi Interlinear Grammar Texts

by

Joe McCarthy 2000

Text # Title Date Genre Source Dialect 01 Hungry Children (1:1:227) 13/08/96 Story Simeon Sau Lossu 02 Nagaa akosara kiis (1:1:272) TPPS ? 03 Mara mi kan chana (1:1:285) TPPS ? 04 Kiki ma Bongabnga (1:1:314) 22/08/96 Lulung tumbuna Lossu 05 Chinchin ina Kapu (1:2:000) 22/08/96 JT tumbuna 06 World War II (1:2:081) 22/08/96 JT true? story 07 Kokochila (1:2:107) P. Lait tumbuna 08 Eserom praying #1 (1:2:126) 31/01/97 Kager prayer 09 Ruth’s Naa (2:1:374) 24/01/97 Pita Bou 10 Poison man (2:1:421) 12/02/97 Kager 11 No one came today (2:1:473) 25/02/97 true Penias Musteng Libba 12 Women’s work (2:1:524) 25/02/97 teaching? Elsie Libba 13 Fishing (2:2:..) 25/02/97 “ Simon Lamunai Libba 14 Un ma lo pato delu lua (2:2:..) 25/02/97 Story Robua Maanmaan Libba 15 Eserom Letter 1 personal letter Lossu 16 Eserom Letter 2 17 Eserom Letter 3 24/08/98 18 Eserom Letter 4 19 Eserom Letter 5 20 Bika Letter to Lee 1 08/01/98 21 Bika Letter to Lee 2 15/01/98 22 Bika ines (1:1:369) 15/01/98 Bika true story 23 Taranganal Nale (2:2:end) 15/01/98 Pinn true story 24 Talita dokdok T. Lingiris writers workshop 25 Talita mataa “ ww 26 Shirley dokdok S. Taupis ww 27 Sau dokdok S. Sau ww 28 chinchin ina maan S. Sau ww 29 chinchin ina rii et S. Sau ww 30 Sau mataa S. Sau ww 31 Mes ma Kangkang S. Sau ww 32 Stanley dokdok S. Lavoi ww 33 chinchin ina chubil P. Pinn ww 34 sel ina chil lakum P. Pinn ww 35 ngangaul P. Pinn ww 36 Saw Mataa P. Pinn ww 37 Saw story5 P. Pinn ww 38 chinchin ina nugu Balak Kake ww 39 Sel ina panon pan ngusngus Kake ww 40 Tumasen turmasen Kake ww 41 Kake Mataa Kake ww 42 Yaya matababa Kake ww 43 chichi lalao Kitang ww 44 namang ina sul Kitang ww 45 pichi bul Kitang ww 46 Kitang mataa Kitang ww 47 chinchin ina maas Kitang ww 48 Kunang Kunang ww 49 Kosor Uma Kuba ww 50 Batangi Uma Kuba ww 51 Ko isa Kuba ww 52 Bool a kalili yaa o ga we na chapi yaa Kuba ww 53 Leng ina makiil Kager ww 54 Chulau Kager ww 55 Garale Kager ww 56 Turuk ma Kapuna Kager ww 57 Kontu Kager ww 58 Kuul-kuen Kager ww 59 Dinah Dokdok D. Maris ww Amba 60 Kosora barateng D. Maris ww Amba

2

61 Puraa ma bool D. Maris ww Amba 62 Dina dokdok D. Legos ww Lossu 63 Kukurai aa laa pal bae D. Legos ww Lossu 64 Edited Pal Baee Kake, ed. ww 65 Chinchin Ina Yee Ti Tuni Balen Ya Gatgat ww 66 Puraa Mi Kan No Katul Gatgat ww 67 Gatgat mataa Gatgat ww 68 Nunngi Daan Bobo Bika ww 69 Kosara Barateng Bika ww 70 Bool Achina Bika ww 71 Bika mataa Bika ww 72 Tamat ma Gaas Bika ww 73 Tok Ples Prep School story books various various various 74 Haus pastor Kuba hortatory Lossu 75 Pita ta nun Jeri story Lossu 76 Augustine Turang funeral explanation Pita Lait Tandis 77 Bika’s chickens Bika Amba 78 Bika prayer Bika

a01Sau.Hungry a01Sau.Hungry 001 Ya we ina ben papare dokdok taman la lauteng nawa. ya we ina ben dupCV- pare dokdok taman la lauteng nawa 1S say GEN first CONT- talk.do small TOPIC go bush tomorrow PRO v PREP ASP ASP- v ADJ PREP v n n I want to first talk a little about going to the bush tomorrow. a01Sau.Hungry 002 Ya ma nugu tubu gelu ba la lauteng nawa. ya ma nugu tubu gelu ba la lauteng nawa 1S and 1S.POSS wife 1D FUT go bush tomorrow PRO CNJ PRO n PRO TNS v n n Me and my wife will go to the bush tomorrow. a01Sau.Hungry 003 Ge ba la adi kaa lukal. geem ba la adi kaa lukal 1P.EX FUT go get some food PRO TNS v v DEM n We will go get some food. a01Sau.Hungry 004 Lukal: paa, kaukau, wi', mutil ngali le angin sin nagem no chi. lukal paa kaukau wi' mutil ngali le angin sin ka- geem no chi food taro sweet_potato yam aibika PURP come eat for POSS- 1P.EX PL child n n n n n PREP v v PREP pfx- PRO PL n Food: taro, kaukau, yam, aibika to come eat for our children. a01Sau.Hungry 005 Torongonol nagem no chi di teng. torongonol ka- geem no chi di teng yesterday POSS- 1P.EX PL child 3P cry n pfx- PRO PL n PRO vi Yesterday our children cried. a01Sau.Hungry 006 Di teng ngali angin. di teng ngali angin 3P cry PURP eat PRO vi PREP v They cried to eat. a01Sau.Hungry 007 O nawa nageem no chi di ba are mi kadi no yaya. o nawa ka- geem no chi di ba are mi kadi no yaya and tomorrow POSS- 1P.EX PL child 3P FUT stay ACCOM POSS- 3P PL grandparent CNJ n pfx- PRO PL n PRO TNS v PREP pfx- PRO PL n

3

And tomorrow our children will stay with their grandparents. a01Sau.Hungry 008 Nawa gelu mu nugu tubu gelu ba la lauteng. nawa gelu mu nugu tubu gelu ba la lauteng tomorrow 1D only 1S.POSS wife 1D FUT go bush n PRO ADV PRO n PRO TNS v n Tomorrow me and my wife will go to the bush. a01Sau.Hungry 009 Gelu ba la adi kaa lukal malen abia ya se tore o mil ge ba kalame, gelu ba la adi kaa lukal malen abia ya se tore o mil geem ba kalame 1D.EX FUT go get some food like that 1S PERF talk and later 1P.EX FUT come PRO TNS v v DEM n ADJ DEM PRO ASP v CNJ ADV PRO TNS v le chap ngali aku ngali angin sin nageem no chi di itol torongonol. le chap ngali aku ngali angin sin ka- geem no chi di itol torongonol come arrive REAS cook REAS eat for POSS- 1P.EX PL child 3P hungry yesterday v v PREP v PREP v PREP pfx- PRO PL n PRO n n We will go get some food like I said and later we will come, arrive to cook to eat for our children; they were hungry yesterday. a01Sau.Hungry 010 Di kap angin, balawabe gelu ga saan ngali gelu ba la nawa lal di akap angin bala -wa -be gelu ga saan ngali gelu ba la nawa lan 3P NEG eat this -DEF -REASON 1D.EX then like PURP 1D.EX FUT go tomorrow in PRO NEG v DEM -ART -Logical PRO TIME v PREP PRO TNS v n PREP uma gelu ba kap la taka buka. uma gelu ba akap la taka buka garden 1D.EX FUT NEG go work very.much n PRO TNS NEG v v adv Then didn't eat, that is why we then want to go tomorrow to the garden. We will not go work too much. a01Sau.Hungry 011 Nugu tubu na ba sok, sok mu nawa. nugu tubu a- ba sok sok mu nawa 1S.POSS wife S.MKR- FUT plant plant only tomorrow PRO n per_mkr- TNS v v ADV n My wife will plant, just plant, tomorrow. a01Sau.Hungry 012 Soka mu no bobola ma no wi' ma no pias. sok mu no bobola ma no wi' ma no pias plant only PL stick.taro and PL yam and PL kaukau.sp v ADV PL n CNJ PL n CNJ PL n Just plant sticks of taro and yams and kaukau. a01Sau.Hungry 013 O mil ya ba ga lilisi. o mil ya ba ga dupCV- lis -i and later 1S FUT then CONT- wait -TR CNJ adv PRO TNS TIME ASP- v -TR And then later I will be waiting. a01Sau.Hungry 014 Na ba sok arara o gelu se mula kalame lokobel ngali nugu tubu a- ba sok arara o gelu se mula kalame lokobel ngali nugu tubu S.MKR- FUT plant every and 1D.EX PERF return come place PURP 1S.POSS wife per_mkr- TNS v ADJ CNJ PRO ASP vi v n PREP PRO n na ba le aku ngali kaa pu lukal ngali angin sin nagelu no chi. a- ba le aku ngali kaa pu lukal ngali angin sin ka- gelu no chi S.MKR- FUT come cook PURP some piece food PURP eat for POSS- 1D.EX PL child per_mkr- TNS v v PREP DEM n n PREP v PREP pfx- PRO PL n She will plant everything and we come back to the village so that my wife will come cook a little food to eat for our children. a01Sau.Hungry 015 Nagem no chi di ba arare mi kadi no yaya o di ba ka- geem no chi di ba dupCV- are mi kadi no yaya o di ba POSS- 1P.EX PL child 3P FUT CONT- stay ACCOM POSS- 3P PL grandparent and 3P FUT pfx- PRO PL n PRO TNS ASP- v PREP pfx- PRO PL n CNJ PRO TNS kap la lauteng di ba are mu mi kadi no yaya.

4

akap la lauteng di ba are mu mi kadi no yaya NEG go bush 3P FUT stay only ACCOM POSS- 3P PL grandparent NEG v n PRO TNS v ADV PREP pfx- PRO PL n Our children will stay with their grandparents and they will not go to the bush, they will just stay with their grandparents. 21/Dec/2000

a02lulung.kiki a02lulung.kiki 001 ya ba totore taman kiki ma bongabonga. ya ba dupCV- tore taman kiki ma bongabonga 1S FUT CONT- talk TOPIC Kingfisher and Hornbill PRO TNS ASP- v PREP PropN CNJ PropN I will talk about the Kingfisher and the Hornbill. a02lulung.kiki 002 di ti takaturung ngali, mara, leng kariin lukal papatina. di ti takaturung ngali mara leng kariin lukal papatina 3P PST ready PURP thing.inanimate day very.large food much.talked.about PRO TNS v PREP n n ADJ n ADJ They were ready for the day of a great feast. a02lulung.kiki 003 o, di ba puaa kaa tinili ngali malagan o no o di ba puaa kaa til -in- -i ngali malagan o no and 3P FUT practice some stand -NOMR- -TRANS.MKR PURP mortuary.ritual and PL CNJ PRO TNS v DEM v -vinf- -TR PREP n CNJ PL inaman arara di ga se la ngali la puaapuaa no tinili ma inaman arara di ga se la ngali la dup- puaa no til -in- -i ma people every 3P then PERF go PURP go HAB- practice PL stand -NOMR- -TRANS.MKR and n ADJ PRO TIME ASP v PREP v ASP- v PL v -vinf- -TR CNJ di ga se la kosora ma di ga se la matmatul taman abia di ga se la kosora ma di ga se la dupCV- matul taman abia 3P then PERF go make and 3P then PERF go HAB- sleep INST that PRO TIME ASP v v CNJ PRO TIME ASP v ASP- v PREP DEM tinili. til -in- -i stand -NOMR- -TRANS.MKR v -vinf- -TR And they then practice some dances for the malagan and all the people then kept going to practice the dances and they then went worked and they went and slept (there) for those dances. a02lulung.kiki 004 o di se la manman. o di se la manman and 3P PERF go stay CNJ PRO ASP v v And they went and stayed there. a02lulung.kiki 005 ma di ga se kokosora no kadi no mat mirmir. ma di ga se dupCV- kosora no kadi no mat dup- mir and 3P then PERF CONT- make PL POSS- 3P PL kind NOMR- paint CNJ PROTIME ASP ASP- v PL pfx- PRO PL n ASP- v And they were working on their different makeup. a02lulung.kiki 006 di kosora no kadi no ngus, di tale no ngus, ngali abia tinili. di kosora no kadi no ngus di tale no ngus ngali abia til -in- -i 3P make PL POSS- 3P PL beak 3P cut PL beak PURP that stand -NOMR- -TRANS.MKR PRO v PL pfx- PROPL n PROv PL n PREP DEM v -vinf- -TR They made their beaks, they carved the beaks for that dance. a02lulung.kiki 007 di ararai no. di arara -i no 3P every -TRANS.MKR PL PRO ADJ -TR PL they finished them. a02lulung.kiki 008

5

di se taka sin miri abia kadi no, mara, mat mirmir, di di se taka sin miri abia kadi no mara mat dupCV- mir di 3P PERF work for paint that POSS- 3P PL thing.inanimate kind NOMR- paint 3P PRO ASP v PREP vt DEM pfx- PRO PL n n ASP- v PRO se arara di suk kosor apuaa abia kadi no tinaka ngali di se arara di suk kosora a- puaa abia kadi no -in- taka ngali di PERF every 3P INTENS make CAUS- enable that POSS- 3P PL -NOMR- work PURP 3P ASP ADJ PRO ADV v pfx- v DEM pfx- PRO PL -vinf- v PREP PRO arara di ba are wit taman ngus. arara di ba are wit taman ngus every 3P FUT stay to.have INST beak ADJ PRO TNS v v PREP n They worked at painting those their kinds of bilas, all of them worked to make enough of those their work for everyone to be ready having carved mouthpieces. a02lulung.kiki 009 o sin abia leng di ba se achulngi malagan. o sin abia leng di ba se a- chul -ngi malagan and TEMP that day 3P FUT PERF S.MKR- go.down -causative mortuary.ritual CNJ PREP DEM n PRO TNS ASP per_mkr- v -CAUS n And for that day they will put on the malagan. a02lulung.kiki 010 di kap bula la ita, di suk la talil sin kosora abia ma di se taka di akap bula la ita di suk la talil sin kosora abia ma di se taka 3P NEG again go where 3P INTENS go busy for make that and 3P PERF work PRO NEG ADV v PRO PRO ADV v ADJ PREP v DEM CNJ PRO ASP v ngali di ba se taka mirmir ma no mat mara arara, di ba ngali di ba se taka dupCV- mir ma no mat mara arara di ba PURP 3P FUT PERF work NOMR- paint and PL kind thing.inanimate every 3P FUT PREP PRO TNS ASP v ASP- v CNJ PL n n ADJ PRO TNS se takaturung no. se takaturung no PERF ready PL ASP v PL They didn't go anywhere, they got busy to work on that and they worked so that they will work bilas and every kind of thing, they will get them ready. a02lulung.kiki 011 o di se takaturung ngali abia. o di se takaturung ngali abia and 3P PERF ready PURP that CNJ PRO ASP v PREP DEM And they got ready for that. a02lulung.kiki 012 o no inaman di se manman lakaka ngali di ba se choga o no inaman di se manman lakaka ngali di ba se choga and PL people 3P PERF stay mens.house.area PURP 3P FUT PERF beat.drum CNJ PL n PRO ASP v n PREP PRO TNS ASP v mara, kolomet. mara kolomet thing.inanimate hollow.log.drum n n And the men were staying at the house boy because they are ready to beat the garamut. a02lulung.kiki 013 di se choga kolomet "boom, boom, boom", di choga di se choga kolomet *** -Vm dup dup di choga 3P PERF beat.drum hollow.log.drum *** -1sIPM PROG PROG 3P beat.drum PRO ASP v n *** -sfx ASP ASP PRO v kolomet atia ateng. kolomet atia a- teng hollow.log.drum there S.MKR- cry n LOC per_mkr- vi They beat the garamut, "boom, boom, boom," they beat the garamut there and it sounded. a02lulung.kiki 014

6

tinili di we "aiee, na ga la maa, kolomet bala til -in- -i di we aiee na ga la maa kolomet bala stand -NOMR- -TRANS.MKR 3P say aiee IMPV then go now hollow.log.drum this v -vinf- -TR PRO v excl ASP TIME v adv n DEM ase teng lakaka.". a- se teng lakaka S.MKR- PERF cry mens.house.area per_mkr- ASP vi n The dance(ers) said, "Aiee, lets go! The garamut here has sounded at the house boy." a02lulung.kiki 015 di se abilasim [amiri] akauchi di no mat mirmir o di we di se a- bilasim a- miri akau -chi di no mat dupCV- mir o di we 3P PERF CAUS- dress.up CAUS- paint good -well 3P PL kind NOMR- paint and 3P say PRO ASP pfx- v pfx- vt ADJ -ADV PRO PL n ASP- v CNJ PRO v "na ga la, gita ba se la." na ga la gita ba se la IMPV then go 1P.INC FUT PERF go ASP TIME v PRO TNS ASP v They painted themselves well, all kinds of make-up and they said, "let's go, we all are going." a02lulung.kiki 016 o kiki ala tia ma awe "O ya, sa na ba se miri o kiki a- la atia ma a- we o ya sa na ba se miri and Kingfisher S.MKR- go there and S.MKR- say and 1S what IMPV FUT PERF paint CNJ PropN per_mkr- v LOC CNJ per_mkr- v CNJ PRO PRO ASP TNS ASP vt ya, aiee, o adi mu ma abia pen ta yong, penim taman. ya aiee o adi mu ma abia pen ta yong penim taman 1S aiee and get only and that paint REL.CL yellow paint INST PRO excl CNJ v ADV CNJ DEM n ASP ADJ v PREP And the K went there and said, "And me? Who is ready to paint me? Aiee! And get that yellow paint! Paint (me) with it. a02lulung.kiki 017 o nugu ka mara gim adi ka les, gitu ba penim o nugu ka mara gim adi ka les gutu ba penim and 1S.POSS INDEF thing.inanimate 2P get INDEF lime.powder 2TR FUT paint CNJ PRO ART n PRO v ART n PRO TNS v paina inan, gitu miri paina inan", di miri. paina ina -n gutu miri paina ina -n di miri underneath neck -3S.IPM 2TR paint underneath neck -3S.IPM 3P paint PREP ipn -sfx PRO vt PREP ipn -sfx PRO vt "And my everything! You all get some lime powder, you will paint under my neck, you paint under my neck." They painted. a02lulung.kiki 018 "o nugu ngus? o nugu ngus and 1S.POSS beak CNJ PRO n "And my mouthpiece?" a02lulung.kiki 019 di we "adi amubia man katin pakil gutu atali di we adi a- mu - bia man katin pakil gutu atali 3P say get S.MKR- only - that 3S.Ben.ed piece Limbum (archaic) 2TR wear PRO v v per_mkr- ADV - DEM PRO n PropN PRO v man ngus, na ga la". man ngus na ga la 3S.Ben.ed beak IMPV then go PRO n ASP TIME v they said, "get this off-cut for him of Limbum. You cut a mouthpiece for him. Let's go." a02lulung.kiki 020 di suk es la di la chap se tili, tili arara o ngali balawa di suk es la di la chap se tili dup arara o ngali bala -wa 3P INTENS walk go 3P go arrive PERF dance PROG every and REAS this -DEF PRO ADV vi v PRO v v ASP v ASP ADJ CNJ PREP DEM -ART puaapuaa mamainang ngali abala, ngali kiki ma bongabonga. dup- puaa mamainang ngali a- bala ngali kiki ma bongabonga

7

NOMR- practice good PURP S.MKR- this PURP Kingfisher and Hornbill ASP- v adj PREP per_mkr- DEM PREP PropN CNJ PropN They just went walked. they went, arrived, danced, finished dancing. And for this good example, for this (story), for the Kingfisher and the Hornbill. a02lulung.kiki 021 Kiki ti pupua ngali miri akauchi man no mat mirmir kiki ti pupua ngali miri akau -chi man no mat dupCV- mir Kingfisher PST able PURP paint good -well 3S.Ben.ed PL kind NOMR- paint PropN TNS v PREP vt ADJ -ADV PRO PL n ASP- v bongabonga ma ti suk kosora atotki man no bilas bongabonga ma ti suk kosora atotki man no bilas Hornbill and PST INTENS make properly.perfectly 3S.Ben.ed PL decoration PropN CNJ TNS ADV v ADV PRO PL n mamainang bongabonga o ngali kiki cha akap kaa mat mirmir mamainang. mamainang bongabonga o ngali kiki cha akap kaa mat dupCV- mir mamainang good Hornbill and PURP Kingfisher yet NEG some kind NOMR- paint good adj PropN CNJ PREP PropN ADV NEG DEM n ASP- v adj The K was able to paint well the H bilas, and really did make the H's good bilas properly for him. And for the K himself, he didn't have any good bilas. a02lulung.kiki 022 mara ina lolbir ngali abia, sin leng, gita ba lasi ala mara ina lolbir ngali abia sin leng gita ba lasi a- la thing.inanimate GEN worry PURP that for day 1P.INC FUT see S.MKR- go n PREP v PREP DEM PREP n PRO TNS vt per_mkr- v kosora akakauchi no mat mirmir sin bongabonga ngali yia cha akap kosora dupCV- akau -chi no mat dupCV- mir sin bongabonga ngali yia cha akap make HAB- good -well PL kind NOMR- paint for Hornbill PURP 3S yet NEG v ASP- ADJ -ADV PL n ASP- v PREP PropN PREP PRO ADV NEG kaa mat mirmir mamainang. kaa mat dupCV- mir mamainang some kind NOMR- paint good DEM n ASP- v adj Something to think about, from that, at (this) time, we all will see. He (K) went and always made the bilas well for the H, (but) for himself, not any good bilas. a02lulung.kiki 023 ilawa male puaapuaa mamainang gita ba lasi awe atala. ila -wa malen dup- puaa mamainang gita ba lasi a- we atala this_person -DEF like NOMR- practice good 1P.INC FUT see S.MKR- say here PRO -ART ADJ ASP- v adj PRO TNS vt per_mkr- v DEM He (kiki) like a good example, we all will see like this. a02lulung.kiki 024 no mat mara arara na ga kosora atotki ngali gida no mat mara arara na ga kosora atotki ngali gida PL kind thing.inanimate every IMPV then make properly.perfectly PURP 1P.INC.POSS PL n n ADJ ASP TIME v ADV PREP PRO kalkale. Ngali no mat mara na ba male, gita mat mirmir dupCV- kale ngali no mat mara na ba malen gita mat dupCV- mir NOMR- sit PURP PL kind thing.inanimate IMPV FUT like 1P.INC kind NOMR- paint ASP- v PREP PL n n ASP TNS ADJ PRO n ASP- v mamainang taman no mat mara. O na ga kap kosora awe mamainang taman no mat mara o na ga akap kosora a- we good INST PL kind thing.inanimate and IMPV then NEG make S.MKR- say adj PREP PL n n CNJ ASP TIME NEG v per_mkr- v atala. Iduwa mu ya ba la amirmiri taman no atala idu -wa mu ya ba la a- dupCV- mir -i taman no here he.mid.dist -DEF only 1S FUT go CAUS- HAB- paint -TRANS.MKR INST PL DEM DEM -ART ADV PRO TNS v pfx- ASP- v -TR PREP PL mara mamainang o ngali ya cha naba mara mamainang o ngali ya cha a- ba thing.inanimate good and PURP 1S yet S.MKR- FUT n adj CNJ PREP PRO ADV per_mkr- TNS kap nugu ka mat mirmir. a akap nugu ka mat dupCV- mir

8

UT NEG 1S.POSS INDEF kind NOMR- paint NS NEG PRO ART n ASP- v Every kind of thing (you) must do properly for our "sindaun". So that every kind of thing will be like this, our good bilas with everything. And must then not make things like this (as kiki did): "Just him I will go paint with the good things, and for me yet I won't have good bilas." a02lulung.kiki 025 amale biamu ya ta asait leng taman abala ngali a- malen bia - mu ya ta asait leng taman a- bala ngali S.MKR- like that - only 1S REL.CL tell clear TOPIC S.MKR- this PURP per_mkr- ADJ DEM - ADV PRO ASP vi adj PREP per_mkr- DEM PREP kiki ma bongabonga ngali kadelu mat mirmir kiki ti pupua kiki ma bongabonga ngali kadelu mat dupCV- mir kiki ti pupua Kingfisher and Hornbill PURP POSS- 3D kind NOMR- paint Kingfisher PST able PropN CNJ PropN PREP pfx- PRO n ASP- v PropN TNS v ngali amat mirmiri bongabonga taman kano mat mirmir ngali a- mat dupCV- miri bongabonga taman kano mat dupCV- mir PURP S.MKR- kind HAB- paint Hornbill INST POSS- PL kind NOMR- paint PREP per_mkr- n ASP- vt PropN PREP pfx- PL n ASP- v mamainang o yia cha akap kaa mat mirmir mamainang, biamu. mamainang o yia cha akap kaa mat dupCV- mir mamainang bia - mu good and 3S yet NEG some kind NOMR- paint good that - only adj CNJ PRO ADV NEG DEM n ASP- v adj DEM - ADV That is just it, what I told you about this for K and H, for their kinds of bilas. The K was able to dress-up H with his kinds of good make-up and he himself didn't have any kind of good bilas. That's all. 21/Dec/2000

a03jt.kapu a03jt.kapu 001 Bala nan chinchin ina kapu. bala nan chinchin ina kapu this DEF story GEN lizard.sp DEM ART n PREP PropN This is a small story of the kapu. a03jt.kapu 002 Sin biaka leng ilawa kapu ti le tatangina no chi lasiat. sin bia -ka leng ila -wa kapu ti le tatangina no chi lasiat TEMP that -INDEF day this.anim -DEF lizard.sp PST come find PL child mid_day PREP DEM -ART n PRO -ART PropN TNS v v PL n n One day the kapu came to find the children at mid-day. a03jt.kapu 003 Ti ga achura di, "Nagim no mom ma nagim no mama inabi di?" ti ga achura di ka- gim no mom ma ka- gim no mama inabi di PST then ask 3P POSS- 2P PL father and POSS- 2P PL mother where 3P TNS TIME v PRO pfx- PRO PL n CNJ pfx- PRO PL n Q PRO Then he asked them, "Where are your fathers and your mothers?" a03jt.kapu 004 "Bala se di lauteng." bala se di lauteng this PERF 3P bush DEM ASP PRO n They are in the bush. a03jt.kapu 005 "Gim la adi kadi no terer ngali gim ba le amirmiri ya gim la adi kadi no terer ngali gim ba le a- dup- mir -i ya 2P go get POSS- 3P PL shell.money PURP 2P FUT come CAUS- CONT- paint -TR 1S PRO v v pfx- PRO PL n PREP PRO TNS v pfx- ASP- v -TR PRO taman no." taman no INST PL PREP PL You all go and get their mis so that you will come and bilas me with them. a03jt.kapu 006 No chi di la ma di la adi kadi no terer kadi no mom ma

9

no chi di la ma di la adi kadi no terer kadi no mom ma PL child 3P go and 3P go get POSS- 3P PL shell.money POSS- 3P PL father and PL n PRO v CNJ PRO v v pfx- PRO PL n pfx- PRO PL n CNJ kadi no mama di le amirmiri aila tamat kapu taman no. kadi no mama di le a- dupCV- mir -i aila tamat kapu taman no POSS- 3P PL mother 3P come CAUS- CONT- paint -TR this man lizard.sp INST PL pfx- PRO PL n PRO v pfx- ASP- v -TR DEM n PropN PREP PL The children went and got their dad's and mom's mis and they came and bilased this kapu man with them. a03jt.kapu 007 Ah, di amirmiri o ga titili (iwa nan mara, Ah di a- dupCV- mir -i o ga dupCV- tili yia -wa nan mara Ah 3P CAUS- CONT- paint -TR and then CONT- dance 3S -DEF DEF thing.inanimate excl PRO pfx- ASP- v -TR CNJ TIME ASP- v PRO -ART ART n tinili, ta apanai no chi taman, ya kap ati). til -in- -i ta apanai no chi taman ya akap ati stand -NOMR- -TR Rel.cl. trick PL child INST 1S NEG know v -vinf- -TR ASP v PL n PREP PRO NEG v They bilased (him) and then danced (that dance that he tricked the children with I don't know). a03jt.kapu 008 Nap dokdok ina leng ngali kadi no mama ma no mom di ba se chap, nap dokdok ina leng ngali kadi no mama ma no mom di ba se chap more small GEN day PURP POSS- 3P PL mother and PL father 3P FUT PERF arrive ADJ ADJ PREP n PREP pfx- PRO PL n CNJ PL n PRO TNS ASP v ala ma karisli no terer papan no isuan ma di a- la ma karisli no terer dupCV- pan no isua -n ma di S.Mkr- go and take.off.bilas PL shell.money INTENS- on PL skin -3S.IPM and 3P per_mkr- v CNJ v PL n ASP- PREP PL ipn -sfx CNJ PRO se bula aturungi no lan kadi no anua. se bula aturung -i no lan kadi no anua PERF again put -TR PL in POSS- 3P PL house ASP ADV v -TR PL PREP pfx- PRO PL n Very shortly their mothers and fathers were about to arrive, he went and took off the mis on his body and they again put them in their houses. a03jt.kapu 009 Sin no daan leng atigiri wewe atia. sin no daan leng atigiri dup- we atia TEMP PL water day habitually HAB- say there PREP PL n n ASP ASP- v LOC For many days it was just like that. a03jt.kapu 010 Biaka leng se ase bula le achura di, "Nagim no mama ma bia -ka leng se a- se bula le achura di ka- gim no mama ma that -INDEF day PERF S.MKR- PERF again come ask 3P POSS- 2P PL mother and DEM -ART n ASP per_mkr- ASP ADV v v PRO pfx- PRO PL n CNJ nagim no mom?" ka- gim no mom POSS- 2P PL father pfx- PRO PL n Then one day he came again and asked them, "Your mothers and your fathers?" a03jt.kapu 011 "Bala di lauteng." bala di lauteng this 3P bush DEM PRO n "They're at the bush." a03jt.kapu 012 "Gi la adi no terer." gim la adi no terer 2P go get PL shell.money PRO v v PL n "You all go get the mis." a03jt.kapu 013

10

Di la mirmiri taman no, atili apanai di taman aubia no di la dupCV- miri taman no a- tili apanai di taman abia mu no 3P go INTENS- paint INST PL CAUS- dance trick 3P INST that only PL PRO v ASP- vt PREP PL pfx- v v PRO PREP DEM ADV PL terer ta se saagi sin no isuan taman no. terer ta se saagi sin no isuan taman no shell.money Rel.cl. PERF loaded.and.ready TEMP PL skin INST PL n ASP ASP v PREP PL ipn PREP PL They went and bilased with them, he danced, tricked them with just those mis that he had all ready on his body. a03jt.kapu 014 Asuk es taman no. a- suk es taman no S.MKR- INTENS walk INST PL per.mkr- ADV vi PREP PL He walked off with them. a03jt.kapu 015 O di we "Ohh kapu ase sol taman nageem no terer." o di we Ohh kapu a- se sol taman ka- geem no terer and 3P say Ohh lizard.sp S.MKR- PERF run INST POSS- 1P.EX PL shell.money CNJ PRO v excl PropN per_mkr- ASP vi PREP pfx- PRO PL n And they said, "Ohh, the kapu ran off with our mis." a03jt.kapu 016 Kadi no mama ma kadi no mom di le chap. kadi no mama ma kadi no mom di le chap POSS- 3P PL mother and POSS- 3P PL father 3P come arrive pfx- PRO PL n CNJ pfx- PRO PL n PRO v v Their mothers adn their fathers arrived. a03jt.kapu 017 Di soro magaa wewe mu! di soro magaa dup- we mu 3P Irrealis angry INTS- say only PRO ASP ADJ ASP- v ADV They were not just a little angry! a03jt.kapu 018 Di magaa atia ma di ga chaapi abia kadi no chi di ta magaa ngali di magaa atia ma di ga chaapi abia kadi no chi di ta magaa ngali 3P angry there and 3P then kill that POSS- 3P PL child 3P REL.CL angry PURP PRO ADJ LOC CNJ PRO TIME v DEM pfx- PRO PL n PRO ASP ADJ PREP abia no terer kapu ta sol taman no. abia no terer kapu ta sol taman no that PL shell.money lizard.sp REL.CL run INST PL DEM PL n PropN ASP vi PREP PL They were angry there and then they beat those children of theirs, they were angry for those mis that the kapu had run off with. a03jt.kapu 019 Bala kadi no mom ma kadi no mama di ga adodo ngali biaka bala kadi no mom ma kadi no mama di ga adodo ngali bia -ka this POSS- 3P PL father and POSS- 3P PL mother 3P then think PURP that -INDEF DEM pfx- PRO PL n CNJ pfx- PRO PL n PRO TIME v PREP DEM -ART leng di ga kosora lukal ma di ga lupchi no tuba bua ma di leng di ga kosora lukal ma di ga lupchi no tuba bua ma di day 3P then make food and 3P then pick.from.above PL many beetlenut and 3P n PRO TIME v n CNJ PRO TIME v PL ADJ n CNJ PRO ga kitipi no bua ngali ilei no tuba maan ngali di ba la adi abia ga kitip -i no bua ngali ile -i no tuba maan ngali di ba la adi abia then chop -TR PL beetlenut PURP call -TR PL many bird PURP 3P FUT go get that TIME v -TR PL n PREP v -TR PL ADJ n PREP PRO TNS v v DEM tang. tang treasure n

11

Here their fathers and their mothers then thought of another day. Then they made food adn they picked lots of buai and then they cut the buai up in order to call many birds so that they will go get that treasure. a03jt.kapu 020 Di kosora ararai abia lukal ma di ga kitipi nan bua. di kosora arara -i abia lukal ma di ga kitip -i nan bua 3P make completely -TR that food and 3P then chop -TR DEF beetlenut PRO v ADV -TR DEM n CNJ PRO TIME v -TR ART n They finished making that feast and then they cut up the bunch of buai. a03jt.kapu 021 "Ohh, man nan bua kotkot." Ohh man nan bua kotkot Ohh 3S.Ben.ed DEF beetlenut bird.sp excl PRO ART n PropN "Oh, a bunch of buai for the kotkot." a03jt.kapu 022 Kotkot alolo, lolo, lolo alaa waiwai alaa mula. kotkot a- dup- lo dup- lo dup- lo a- la waiwai a- la mula bird.sp S.MKR- CONT- fly CONT- fly CONT- fly S.Mkr- go weak S.Mkr- go return PropN per_mkr- ASP- v ASP- v ASP- v per_mkr- v ADJ per_mkr- v vi The kotkot flew and flew and flew and got weak and went back. a03jt.kapu 023 "Ohh, man nan bua marang." Ohh man nan bua marang Ohh 3S.Ben.ed DEF beetlenut Parrot.sp excl PRO ART n PropN "Oh, a bunch of buai for the marang." a03jt.kapu 024 Marang alolo, alolo, alolo, alaa marang a- dup- lo a- dup- lo a- dup- lo a- la Parrot.sp S.MKR- CONT- fly S.MKR- CONT- fly S.MKR- CONT- fly S.MKR- go PropN per_mkr- ASP- v per_mkr- ASP- v per_mkr- ASP- v per_mkr- v waiwai, alaa mula. waiwai a- la mula weak S.MKR- go return ADJ per_mkr- v vi The marang flew and flew and flew and got weak and went back. a03jt.kapu 025 "Ohh man nan bua Talaga." Ohh man nan bua talaga Ohh 3S.BEN.ED DEF beetlenut bird.sp excl PRO ART n PropN "Oh a bunch of buai for the talaga." a03jt.kapu 026 Talaga alolo bula ma alaa waiwai, alaa mula. talaga a- dup- lo bula ma a- la waiwai a- la mula bird.sp S.MKR- CONT- fly again and S.MKR- go weak S.MKR- go return PropN per.mkr- ASP- v ADV CNJ per.mkr- v ADJ per.mkr- v vi The talaga flew too, and got weak and went back. a03jt.kapu 027 Bia se no daan maan. bia se no daan maan that PERF PL water bird DEM ASP PL n n That's how it was for all the birds. a03jt.kapu 028 Akudu kachap no. a- kudu kachap no S.MKR- plenty another.different PL per.mkr- adv ADJ PL A really great number of them. a03jt.kapu 029 Kapkapina ilawa mukmuk.

12

dupCV- akap - ina ila -wa mukmuk NOMR- NEG - GEN this.anim -DEF bird.sp ASP- NEG - PREP PRO -ART PropN The last was the mukmuk. a03jt.kapu 030 "Ohh man nan bua mukmuk." Ohh man nan bua mukmuk Ohh 3S.BEN.ED DEF beetlenut bird.sp excl PRO ART n PropN "Oh, a bunch of buai for the mukmuk." a03jt.kapu 031 Bia mukmuk ti lo kali, ti kaa laa yawis, ti kaa lo laa kali yawis, bia mukmuk ti lo kali ti kaa la yawis ti kaa lo la kali yawis that bird.sp PST fly walk PST do.habtl go rest PST do.habtl fly go walk rest DEM PropN TNS v v TNS v v vi TNS v v v v vi lo laa laa yawis, laa chap lan abia kobel. lo la la yawis la chap lan abia kobel fly go go rest go arrive in that village v v v vi v v PREP DEM n That mukmuk flew down, kept going to rest, kept flying, going down to rest, flying, going, going to rest, he went and came up in that village. a03jt.kapu 032 Ti sinae ngali naba sen alet we ina abia tang: asuk ti sinae ngali a- ba sen alet we ina abia tang a- suk PST wise PURP S.MKR- FUT what get.pl.obj say GEN that treasure S.MKR- INTENS TNS ADJ PREP per.mkr- TNS PRO v v PREP DEM n per.mkr- ADV laa urungi pan bilbil tala, paligaal. la urungi pan bilbil tala paligaal go sleep on rubbish.heap here behind v vi PREP n LOC PREP He knew about how he will get that treasure. Right away he went to sleep on a rubbish heap here behind (the house). a03jt.kapu 033 Iwa kan kokop iwa ti sol taman abia tang, kapu yia -wa kan kokop yia -wa ti sol taman abia tang kapu 3S -DEF 3S.POSS kin.cousin 3S -DEF PST run INST that treasure lizard.sp PRO -ART PRO n PRO -ART TNS vi PREP DEM n PropN His cousin, the one who ran off with that treasure, the kapu... a03jt.kapu 034 Ti we es laa tala paligaal, ti we, "Ohh Rupugu, ngali sa' u ti we es la tala paligaal ti we Ohh Rupu -gV ngali sa' yu PST say walk go here behind PST say Ohh kin.cousin -1sIPM PURP what 2S TNS v vi v LOC PREP TNS v excl n -sfx PREP PRO PRO ta le matabirum atala?" ta le matabirum atala Rel.cl. come poor.lonely here ASP v ADJ DEM wanted to walk, go behind and he said, "Oh, my cousin, why did you come forlorn here?" a03jt.kapu 035 Ma yia se tengteng ngali aia rupuna, "Ya tete yu." ma yia se dupCV- teng ngali aia Rupu ya tete yu and 3S PERF INTENS- cry PURP that.one kin.cousin 1S pity 2S CNJ PRO ASP ASP- vi PREP DEM n PRO v PRO And he wailed for that cousin, "I pity you." a03jt.kapu 036 O ailei no inaman, "Gim kalame, gim le tataka sin aila o a- ile -i no inaman gim kalame gim le dupCV- taka sin aila and S.MKR- call -TR PL people 2P come 2P come INTENS- work TEMP this.one CNJ per.mkr- v -TR PL n PRO v PRO v ASP- v PREP DEM rupugu ngali gita ba la... rupu -gV ngali gita ba la kin.cousin -1S.IPM PURP 1P.INC FUT go n -sfx PREP PRO TNS v

13

And he called the people, "You all come, you come hold to this my cousin so that we will go... a03jt.kapu 037 kalkale sangan tia lokobel." dupCV- kale sanga -n atia lokobel CONT- sit close.to -3S.IPM there place ASP- v ipn -sfx LOC n ...have a sit down around him there in the village. a03jt.kapu 038 Di la ma tumara man baa ma laa akosngi papan. di la ma tumara man baa ma la akos -ngi dupCV- pan 3P go and make 3S.BEN.ED death.bed and go set -causative INTS- on PRO v CNJ v PRO n CNJ v v -CAUS ASP- PREP They go and craft for him a death bed and go set him on it. a03jt.kapu 039 Di we, "Bia no terer ilawa rupuna ti adi no tulu?" di we bia no terer ila -wa Rupu ti adi no tilu 3P say that PL shell.money this.anim -DEF kin.cousin PST get PL dir.west PRO v DEM PL n PRO -ART n TNS v PL LOC They say, "(where is) that mis this cousin got there?" a03jt.kapu 040 Di la adi no ma di laa amirmiri taman no. di la adi no ma di la a- dup- mir -i taman no 3P go get PL and 3P go CAUS- CONT- paint -TR INST PL PRO v v PL CNJ PRO v pfx- ASP- v -TR PREP PL They go get them and they go bilas him with them. a03jt.kapu 041 Di amirmiri ararai o di suk kosora lukal. di a- dup- mir -i arara -i o di suk kosora lukal 3P CAUS- CONT- paint -TR completely -TR and 3P very make food PRO pfx- ASP- v -TR ADV -TR CNJ PRO ADV v n They finish bilasing him and right away they make a feast. a03jt.kapu 042 Di kosor ararai. di kosora arara -i 3P make completely -TR PRO v ADV -TR They finish making it. a03jt.kapu 043 Yia ta kalkale pan baa ma di se takaturungi ngali di se yia ta dupCV- kale pan baa ma di se takaturung -i ngali di se 3S Rel.cl. CONT- sit on death.bed and 3P PERF ready -TR PURP 3P PERF PRO ASP ASP- v PREP n CNJ PRO ASP v -TR PREP PRO ASP la (sin) puname. la sin puname go TEMP bury v PREP v He who was sitting on the death bed and they got him ready to bury... a03jt.kapu 044 Biaa cha ti alolaa, di ti ilili taman abia tang, ti suk es bia cha ti alolaa di ti ilil -i taman abia tang ti suk es when yet PST surprise 3P PST tie.around -TR INST that treasure PST very walk PRO ADV TNS v PRO TNS v -TR PREP DEM n TNS ADV vi taman. taman INST PREP Just then he surprised them, they had tied around him with that treasure, he up and walked away with it. a03jt.kapu 045 Kapkapina. dupCV- akap - ina NOMR- NEG - GEN ASP- NEG - PREP

14

the end. a03jt.kapu 046 Yesaga John Tachang. yesa -gV John *** name -1sIPM John *** n -sfx *** *** My name is J.T. 21/Dec/2000

a04jt.ww2 a04jt.ww2 001 Sin leng ina makil yiaka isua yas sin kolot America ti manman sin sin leng ina makil yia -ka isuan yas sin kolot America ti manman sin TEMP day GEN war 3S -INDEF skin white LOC place America PST stay LOC PREP n PREP n PRO -ART ipn ADJ PREP n PropN TNS v PREP kolot Nakanai sin makil; 2nd world war abala, o nan alua ina makil kolot Nakanai sin makil 2nd world war a- bala o nan a- lua ina makil place Nakanai TEMP war 2nd world war ADJR- this or DEF.ART ADJR- two GEN war n PropN PREP n 2nd n n pfx- DEM CNJ ART pfx- NUM PREP n abalawa. a- bala -wa ADJR- this -DEF pfx- DEM -ART During the war another white skin from America was staying in Nakanai during the war, the "2nd world war", or Second War this is. a04jt.ww2 002 Ilawa isua yas ti manman tia. ila -wa isuan yas ti manman atia this.anim -DEF skin white PST stay there PRO -ART ipn ADJ TNS v LOC This white skin was staying there. a04jt.ww2 003 Ya kap ati yesan ailawa manmanil. ya akap ati yesa -n aila -wa dupCV- manil 1S NEG know name -3S.IPM this.one -DEF NOMR- pale.ripe PRO NEG v ipn -sfx DEM -ART ASP- ADJ I don't know the name of this particular whiteskin. a04jt.ww2 004 Ya ti ga alongmi inasait awe atala. ya ati ga a- long - mi asait -in- a- we atala 1S know then tell -NOMR- S.MKR- say here PRO v TIME vi -vinf- per.mkr- v DEM I was (there) then heard the story like this. a04jt.ww2 005 Ilawa manmanil, biaa sin no daan leng di ti ga atigiri adi ila -wa dupCV- manil bia sin no daan leng di ti ga atigiri adi this.anim -DEF NOMR- pale.ripe when TEMP PL water day 3P PST then habitually get PRO -ART ASP- ADJ PRO PREP PL n n PRO TNS TIME ASP v kan no didingsus ailawa aina ma di ga ululsin lan man no kan no didingsus aila -wa aina ma di ga ululsin lan man no 3S.POSS PL breast.milk this.one -DEF woman and 3P then stir in 3S.BEN.ED PL PRO PL n DEM -ART n CNJ PRO TIME v PREP PRO PL daan ngali nunun sin. daan ngali dupCV- nun sin water PURP CONT- drink for n PREP ASP- v PREP This white skin, when during the many days they habitually got one woman's breast milk adn they then stirred it in water for him to drink. a04jt.ww2 006 Wewe wewe wewe til makil ta kap. dup- we dup- we dup- we til makil ta akap CONT- say CONT- say CONT- say stand war REL.CL NEG ASP- v ASP- v ASP- v v n ASP NEG

15

It went on just like that until the war ended. a04jt.ww2 007 O iwa manmanil ti ga mula la tatan. o yia -wa dupCV- manil ti ga mula la tata -n and 3S -DEF NOMR- pale.ripe PST then return go home -3S.IPM CNJ PRO -ART ASP- ADJ TNS TIME vi v ipn -sfx And that particular white skin went back to his home. a04jt.ww2 008 Biaa, ngali akilangi ailawa aina ti taltali' abala bia ngali akila -ngi aila -wa aina ti dupCV- tali' a- bala that PURP mark -causative this.one -DEF woman PST HAB- give ADJR- this DEM PREP v -CAUS DEM -ART n TNS ASP- v pfx- DEM kan no didingsus sin abia kan no daan ngali nunun sin, ti tali' kan no didingsus sin abia kan no daan ngali dupCV- nun sin ti tali' 3S.POSS PL breast.milk LOC that 3S.POSS PL water PURP CONT- drink for PST give PRO PL n PREP DEM PRO PL n PREP ASP- v PREP TNS v kariin kukute ngali atapasi abia anua asising talaa sin kolot kariin kukute ngali a- tapas -i abia anua asising talaa sin kolot very_large money PURP CAUS- start -TR that house learn there_distant TEMP place ADJ n PREP pfx- v -TR DEM n v LOC PREP n Nakanai. Nakanai Nakanai PropN That, in order to commemorate that this woman was giving this her breast milk in his water to drink, he gave a lot of money to start this school at Nakanai. a04jt.ww2 009 Ya kap ati sen kobel. ya akap ati sen kobel 1S NEG know what village PRO NEG v PRO n I don't know what village. a04jt.ww2 010 Kapkapina. dupCV- akap - ina NOMR- NEG - GEN ASP- NEG - PREP The end. a04jt.ww2 011 Biamu. bia - mu that - only DEM - ADV That is all. a04jt.ww2 012 Yesaga John Tachang. yesa -gV John *** name -1sIPM John *** ipn -sfx *** *** My name is J.T. 21/Dec/2000

a05pita.kokochila a05pita.kokochila 001 Naa Joe, biaa u ta manman tala lapula, Saimon ma Jill delu ga TP Joe bia yu ta manman tala la - pula Saimon ma Jill delu ga now Joe when 2S REL.CL stay here go - ground Simon and Jill 3D then CNJ Joe REL PRO ASP v LOC v - n PropN CNJ Jill PRO TIME kolili kokochila. kolili kokochila chase.around lizard.sp v PropN Na Joe, when you were here down below, Simon and Jill chased a skink.

16

a05pita.kokochila 002 O ilawa kokochila, totore in lamua, chinchin ina awe o ila -wa kokochila dupCV- tore ina lamua chinchin ina a- we and this.anim -DEF lizard.sp NOMR- talk GEN before story GEN S.MKR- say CNJ PRO -ART PropN ASP- v PREP n n PREP per.mkr- v atala: Nawe no chi di ga chaapi kokochila, ma ga met, balen atala nawe no chi di ga chaapi kokochila ma ga met bale -n here suppose PL child 3P then kill lizard.sp and then die stomach -3S.IPM DEM COND PL n PRO TIME v PropN CNJ TIME v ipn -sfx na ba kap la lapala. na ba akap la lapala IMPV FUT NEG go up ASP TNS NEG v n And this skink, legend has it, it's story is like this. If the children hit the skink and it dies, it's stomach must not go up. a05pita.kokochila 003 Nawe balen na ba la lapala, balalangit na ba kol. nawe bal -Vn a- ba la lapala balalangit na ba kol suppose stomach -3sIPM S.Mkr- FUT go up heaven.sky IMPV FUT fall COND n -sfx per_mkr- TNS v n n ASP TNS vi If it's stomach goes up, the sky will fall. 21/Dec/2000

a06kager.pray1 a06kager.pray1 001 Lawas, na ga takaturung ngali gita ba ningning. lawas na ga takaturung ngali gita ba dup- ning okay IMPV then ready PURP 1P.INC FUT CONT- ask AFFM ASP TIME v PREP PRO TNS ASP- v Okay, let's get ready to pray. a06kager.pray1 002 Na ga ningning. na ga dup- ning IMPV then CONT- ask ASP TIME ASP- v Let's pray. a06kager.pray1 003 Orong yu Orong laliu. orong yu orong la - liu Lord 2S Lord go - completely n PRO n v - ADV Lord, you are lord of all. a06kager.pray1 004 Gem res ma gem pai yu ngali abala leng... geem res ma geem pai yu ngali a- bala leng 1P.EX rejoice and 1P.EX praise 2S REAS ADJR- this day PRO v CNJ PRO vt PRO PREP pfx- DEM n We rejoice and we praise you for this day... a06kager.pray1 005 lawaring ge ta pade u tali' tino ma watwat. lawaring geem ta pade yu tali' tino ma dup- wat morning 1P.EX REL.CL awake 2S give life and NOMR- strong n PRO ASP v PRO v v CNJ ASP- ADJ ...morning when we got up you gave life and strength. a06kager.pray1 006 Gem ati u kap porokli gem sin ka leng. geem ati yu akap porokli geem sin -ka leng 1P.EX know 2S NEG leave 1P.EX TEMP -INDEF day PRO v PRO NEG v PRO PREP -ART n We know you don't leave us for one day. a06kager.pray1 007 Lan no daan leng arara u ba amusili gem taman no mat mak mamainang in lan no daan leng arara yu ba amusili geem taman no mat mak mamainang ina in PL water day every 2S FUT follow 1P.EX INST PL kind custom good GEN

17

PREP PL n n ADJ PRO TNS v PRO PREP PL n n adj PREP tia balalangit. atia balalangit there heaven.sky LOC n In every days you will follow us with kinds of good customs of there, heaven. a06kager.pray1 008 Balawa ge se bula takaturung ngali ge ba papare taman kaa bala -wa geem se bula takaturung ngali geem ba dupCV- pare taman kaa this -DEF 1P.EX PERF again ready PURP 1P.EX FUT CONT- talk.do INST some DEM -ART PRO ASP ADV v PREP PRO TNS ASP- v PREP DEM was ngali u ba pupua sin abala leng mu sin abala was ngali yu ba pupua sin a- bala leng mu sin a- bala thing.animate PURP 2S FUT able TEMP ADJR- this day only TEMP ADJR- this n PREP PRO TNS v PREP pfx- DEM n ADV PREP pfx- DEM tinaka bula gita manman lalan. -in- taka bula gita manman dupCV- lan -NOMR- work again 1P.INC stay INTS- in -vinf- v ADV PRO v ASP- PREP This we again get ready to we will talk about some things so that you will just enable on this day for this work again that we are in. a06kager.pray1 009 Gem ningi yu ngali u ba til chomi nagem no laalaamua bia di geem ning -i yu ngali yu ba til chomi ka- geem no la - laamua bia di 1P.EX ask -TR 2S PURP 2S FUT stand help POSS- 1P.EX PL go - before that 3P PRO v -TR PRO PREP PRO TNS v v pfx- PRO PL v - PRO DEM PRO ta til laamua ngen gem sin abala leng. ta til laamua ngen geem sin a- bala leng Rel.cl. stand before motion 1P.EX TEMP ADJR- this day ASP v PREP ASP PRO PREP pfx- DEM n We ask you that you will help our leaders who you stand before us on this day. a06kager.pray1 010 Akau nentenua u na tilchomi gem u na aresi gem sin akau nentenua yu na til - chomi geem yu na a- res -i geem sin good spirit 2S impv stand - help 1P.EX 2S IMPV S.MKR- rejoice -TR 1P.EX TEMP ADJ ipn PRO ASP v - v PRO PRO ASP per.mkr- v -TR PRO PREP no bamba leng se arara. no dupCV- ba leng se arara PL INTENS- FUT day PERF every PL ASP- TNS n ASP ADJ Good, Spirit, you must help us, you must encourage us on every day. a06kager.pray1 011 Sin yesan num chi iwa nagem untino. sin yesa num chi yia -wa ka- geem untino TEMP name 2S.POSS boy 3S -DEF POSS- 1P.EX AGNT- life PREP ipn PRO n PRO -ART pfx- PRO pfx- v In the name of your son, who is our life. a06kager.pray1 012 Amen (aso). Amen a- so amen S.MKR- true n per.mkr- ADJ amen, (it is true). 21/Dec/2000

a07bou.naa a07bou.naa 001 Lowas, ilawa aina yia in sen matenbung... se bula? Pananiuk. lawas ila -wa aina yia ina sen matenbung se bula Pananiuk okay this.anim -DEF woman 3S GEN what clan PERF again Pananiuk AFFM PRO -ART n PRO PREP PRO n ASP ADV PropN Okay, this woman, she was in what clan...again?... Pananiuk. a07bou.naa 004

18

Yesan ila Ruth. yesa -n ila Ruth name -3S.IPM this.anim *** ipn -sfx PRO *** Her name was Ruth. a07bou.naa 005 Ti met sin nan atul ina uleng. ti met sin nan a- tul ina uleng PST die TEMP DEF ADJR- three GEN month TNS v PREP ART pfx- NUM PREP n She died in March... a07bou.naa 006 Sin abala meet ta se kap. sin a- bala meet ta se akap TEMP ADJR- this year REL.CL PERF NEG PREP pfx- DEM n ASP ASP NEG ...last year. a07bou.naa 007 Sin nagem namang in atala, biaa nawe amet bia no maan dokdok sin ka- geem namang ina atala bia nawe a- met bia no maan dokdok TEMP POSS- 1P.EX custom GEN here that suppose S.MKR- die that PL bird small PREP pfx- PRO n PREP DEM DEM COND per.mkr- v DEM PL n ADJ di ba kap pupua ngali kosora mala sili ma di kap pupua ngali di ba akap pupua ngali kosora mala sil -i ma di akap pupua ngali 3P FUT NEG able PURP make like wash -TRANS.MKR and 3P NEG able PURP PRO TNS NEG v PREP v ADJ v -TR CNJ PRO NEG v PREP kosora no mat kain(TP) marang sin. kosora no mat kain marang sin make PL kind TP something for v PL n TP n PREP About our custom here, when, if, (one) dies, the small bird (clan) will not be able to do, like, wash (them) and they are not able to do all kinds of things to them. a07bou.naa 008 No maan loot di ba kosora abia. no maan loot di ba kosora abia PL bird big 3P FUT make that PL n ADJ PRO TNS v DEM The large bird clan will do those. a07bou.naa 009 Mala gem puchangi di taman no bines. mala geem puchengi di taman no bines like 1P.EX call 3P INST PL pall.bearer ADJ PRO vt PRO PREP PL n Like we call them "bines". a07bou.naa 010 Biaa ta met ma no... bia ta met ma no when REL.CL die and PL PRO ASP v CNJ PL When she died and the... a07bou.naa 012 no tamat ma no aina di ta makiis sin abia matenbung, mala kan ila no tamat ma no aina di ta makiis sin abia matenbung mala kan ila PL man and PL woman 3P REL.CL marry LOC that clan like 3S.POSS this.anim PL n CNJ PL n PRO ASP vi PREP DEM n ADJ PRO PRO Ruth, di di ba nenen mala di ba uli no lukal sin abia kan matenbung Ruth di di ba dupCV- nen mala di ba uli no lukal sin abia kan matenbung *** 3P 3P FUT HAB- look like 3P FUT buy PL food TEMP that 3S.POSS clan *** PRO PRO TNS ASP- v ADJ PRO TNS v PL n PREP DEM PRO n ila Ruth. ila Ruth this.anim ***

19

PRO *** ...men and the women who are married into that clan, like Ruth's, they will look after (things) like they will buy food for that clan of Ruth's. a07bou.naa 013 Orait, biaa akap mager kapkap ina abia. *** bia akap mager dup- akap ina abia *** that NEG not.yet NOMR- NEG GEN that *** DEM NEG adv ASP- NEG PREP DEM Orait, that is not yet the end of that. a07bou.naa 014 Di le ba ta pupuna bia uk bines cha sin kapkap ina no di le ba ta dupCV- puna bia uk bines cha sin dup- akap ina no 3P come FUT REL.CL NOMR- bury that same pall.bearer yet TEMP NOMR- NEG GEN PL PRO v TNS ASP ASP- v DEM ADJ n ADV PREP ASP- NEG PREP PL tuba tinaka mala sin atilngi watnaem ma sa', bia cha uk tuba -in- taka mala sin a- til -ngi watnaim ma sa' bia cha uk many -NOMR- work like TEMP CAUS- stand -causative gravestone and what when yet same ADJ -vinf- v ADJ PREP pfx- v -CAUS n CNJ PRO PRO ADV ADJ matenbung, bia no bines cha di ba mas la ararai cha abia matenbung bia no bines cha di ba TP la arara -i cha abia clan that PL pall.bearer yet 3P FUT must go completely -TR yet that n DEM PL n ADV PRO TNS *** v ADV -TR ADV DEM kadi no tinaka. kadi no -in- taka POSS- 3P PL -NOMR- work pfx- PRO PL -vinf- v They come to the funeral, yet those same "bines" at the end of the much work, like, to, stand up the grave stone and whatever, yet those same clan members, yet those bines, they must still go finish all their work. a07bou.naa 015 Orait, ngali lakei, bia... *** ngali lakei bia *** PURP heap.on.top that *** PREP v DEM Orait, in order to throw gifts on that... a07bou.naa 016 no saa di ta atilngi abia watnaem, mala nawe kan no no saa di ta a- til -ngi abia watnaim mala nawe kan no PL who 3P REL.CL CAUS- stand -causative that gravestone like suppose 3S.POSS PL PL PRO PRO ASP pfx- v -CAUS DEM n ADJ COND PRO PL matenbung ila Ruth, bia no sa tamat di ta makiis sin ila Ruth matenbung ila Ruth bia no sa tamat di ta makiis sin ila Ruth clan this.anim *** that PL who man 3P REL.CL marry LOC this.anim *** n PRO *** DEM PL PRO n PRO ASP vi PREP PRO *** -- sin abia matenbung, di ba lalake la sin kadi no kuala -***- sin abia matenbung di ba dupCV- lake la sin kadi no kuala -***- LOC that clan 3P FUT HAB- pile.on.top go LOC POSS- 3P PL wife -***- PREP DEM n PRO TNS ASP- v v PREP pfx- PRO PL n o kadi no maas. o kadi no maas and POSS- 3P PL old.man CNJ pfx- PRO PL n ...whoever stood up the grave stone, like suppose Ruth's clan, those men, whoever is married into that clan, they will be throwing things (on the grave stone) for their old women and their old men. a07bou.naa 017 Balawa bula mala kapkap ina no tinaka se kap papan bala -wa bula mala dup- akap ina no -in- taka se akap dupCV- pan this -DEF again like NOMR- NEG GEN PL -NOMR- work PERF NEG INTENS- on DEM -ART ADV ADJ ASP- NEG PREP PL -vinf- v ASP NEG ASP- PREP ila Ruth abala. ila Ruth a- bala this.anim *** ADJR- this PRO *** pfx- DEM This again like the end of... the work is finished on top of Ruth here.

20

a07bou.naa 018 Ngali mil, mil, mil naba se kap balawa was talaa mil. ngali mil mil mil a- ba se akap bala -wa was talaa mil PURP later later later S.MKR- FUT PERF NEG this -DEF thing there.distant later PREP adv adv adv per.mkr- TNS ASP NEG DEM -ART n LOC adv For much later it will be finished this thing much later. a07bou.naa 019 Bala malen nawe nawa se sin, sin Sarere, bia no tuba inaman di ba bala malen nawe nawa se sin sin Sarere bia no tuba inaman di ba this same suppose tomorrow PERF TEMP TEMP Saturday that PL many people 3P FUT DEM ADJ COND n ASP PREP PREP n DEM PL ADJ n PRO TNS se bekli abala no bengbeng o di di ba se lasi se bekli a- bala no bengbeng o di dup ba se lasi PERF take.down ADJR- this PL fence.of.leaves and 3P PROG FUT PERF see ASP v pfx- DEM PL n CNJ PRO ASP TNS ASP vt yesan ila, ila Ruth, ma biaa na ba se la pan no yesa -n ila ila Ruth ma bia a- ba se la pan no name -3S.IPM this.anim this.anim *** and when S.Mkr- FUT PERF go on PL ipn -sfx PRO PRO *** CNJ PRO per_mkr- TNS ASP v PREP PL liman kan no mikap ila Ruth. lima -n kan no mikap ila Ruth hand -3S.IPM 3S.POSS PL moiety.group this.anim *** ipn -sfx PRO PL n PRO *** This, like, suppose, tomorrow, on Saturday, the many people will tear down this blind, and they will see Ruth's name and that will go on the hands of Ruth's business/clan. a07bou.naa 020 Di ba se we sa' ngen, di ba lakei simen o akap. di ba se we sa' ngen di ba lakei simen o akap 3P FUT PERF say what motion 3P FUT heap.on.top cement and NEG PRO TNS ASP v PRO ASP PRO TNS v n CNJ NEG What will they say about it? They will heap things on the grave stone cement and no... a07bou.naa 021 Orait, bia se, bia nawa se, bia no mat mala, no tinaka arara pan *** bia se bia nawa se bia no mat mala no -in- taka arara pan *** that PERF when tomorrow PERF that PL kind like PL -NOMR- work every on *** DEM ASP PRO n ASP DEM PL n ADJ PL -vinf- v ADJ PREP Ruth sin abia ti met ma le pupua ma le nawa, bia no naba se Ruth sin abia ti met ma le pupua ma le nawa bia no a- ba se *** TEMP that PST die and come able and come tomorrow that PL S.MKR- FUT PERF *** PREP DEM TNS v CNJ v v CNJ v n DEM PL per.mkr- TNS ASP kap arara. akap arara NEG completely NEG ADV Orait, that's it, when tomorrow, that kind, like, all the work on top of Ruth for her death, and come up to tomorrow, all that will be completed. a07bou.naa 022 Amana, bia mu. a- mana bia mu S.Mkr- perhaps that only per_mkr- ADJ DEM ADV I think that is all. 21/Dec/2000

a08kager.guoli a08kager.guoli 001 Ilawa tamat Guali in Tabal ga makiis sin ila Rupit, yia ila -wa tamat Guali ina Tabal ga makiis sin ila Rupit yia this.anim -DEF man Guali GEN Tabar.Islands then marry TEMP this.anim Rupit 3S PRO -ART n PropN PREP PropN TIME vi PREP PRO PropN PRO in Lesu. ina Lesu GEN Lossu PREP PropN

21

This man Guali from Tabar got married to Rupit from Lossu. a08kager.guoli 002 Delu ga manman tala, Lesu. delu ga manman tala Lesu 3D then stay here Lossu PRO TIME v LOC PropN They stayed here in Lossu. a08kager.guoli 003 Delu ga la ma delu ga kosora kadelu anua sangan Tolani. delu ga la ma delu ga kosora kadelu anua sangan Tolani 3D then go and 3D then make POSS- 3D house close.to Tolani PRO TIME v CNJ PRO TIME v pfx- PRO n PRO PropN They went and made their house close to Tolani's. a08kager.guoli 004 Mala delu, di ti ga emagaai. mala delu di ti ga e- magaa -i like 3D 3P PST then recip- angry -TR ADJ PRO PRO TNS TIME vpfx- ADJ -TR I think they had a fight. a08kager.guoli 005 Tolani ti ga la ma ti ga sorosen delalu ga we, "Gulu na tapas atala gulu Tolani ti ga la ma ti ga sorosen delalu ga we gulu na tapas atala gulu Tolani PST then go and PST then evict 3D.OBJ then say 2D IMPV start here 2D PropN TNS TIME v CNJ TNS TIME v PRO TIME v PRO ASP v DEM PRO la kosora nagulu anua lan ka kolot. la kosora ka- gulu anua lan ka kolot go make POSS- 2D house in INDEF place v v pfx- PRO n PREP ART n Tolani went and ordered the two of them saying, "You two must get up from here. you go make your house in another place. a08kager.guoli 006 Ya palo ngali gulu manman atala. ya palo ngali gulu manman atala 1S dislike PURP 2D stay here PRO vi PREP PRO v DEM I don't like for you two to stay here. a08kager.guoli 007 Mil, delu kalu. mil delu kalu later 3D go.west adv PRO v Later the two went down... a08kager.guoli 008 Delu laa kosora kadelu anua tilu Panbubu. delu la kosora kadelu anua tilu Panbubu 3D go make POSS- 3D house dir.west Panbubu.hamlet PRO v v pfx- PRO n LOC PropN They two went and made their house down at Panbubu. a08kager.guoli 009 Delu se la kosora kadelu anua. delu se la kosora kadelu anua 3D PERF go make POSS- 3D house PRO ASP v v pfx- PRO n They went and made their house. a08kager.guoli 010 Delu manman Panbubu. delu manman Panbubu 3D stay Panbubu.hamlet PRO v PropN They stayed at Panbubu. a08kager.guoli 011 Mil ila Pirau ti met. mil ila Pirau ti met

22

later this.anim Pirau PST die adv PRO PropN TNS v Later Pirau died. a08kager.guoli 012 Di ga la ma di ga atuti taman Pirau, di ga we, "yia achaka di ga la ma di ga atut -i taman Pirau di ga we yia achaka 3P then go and 3P then accuse -TR TOPIC Pirau 3P then say 3S destroy PRO TIME v CNJ PRO TIME v -TR PREP PropN PRO TIME v PRO ADJ li Pirau." li Pirau throw.out Pirau v PropN They went and accused about Pirau, they said, "He worked poison on Pirau." a08kager.guoli 013 Ma laa ma di ga baki kan anua. ma la ma di ga baki kan anua and go and 3P then tear.down 3S.POSS house CNJ v CNJ PRO TIME v PRO n And they went and they tore down his house. a08kager.guoli 014 Di ga we, "Gulu tapas atala. di ga we gulu tapas atala 3P then say 2D start here PRO TIME v PRO v DEM They said, "You two get up from here." a08kager.guoli 015 Gulu nangam manman atalawa. gulu nangam manman atala -wa 2D PROHIB stay here -DEF PRO ASP v DEM -ART "You two can't stay here. a08kager.guoli 016 Gulu laa lan ka kolot." gulu la lan ka kolot 2D go in INDEF place PRO v PREP ART n You two go to another place. a08kager.guoli 017 Mil, delu ga la delu suk la kosora anua tili Pankuli. mil delu ga la delu suk la kosora anua tili Pankuli later 3D then go 3D very go make house dir.east Painkuli adv PRO TIME v PRO ADV v v n LOC PropN Later, the two of them went and made a house up at Painkuli. a08kager.guoli 018 Manman tili Pankuli, ila Ruth amet. manman tili Pankuli ila Ruth a- met stay dir.east Painkuli this.anim *** S.MKR- die v LOC PropN PRO *** per.mkr- v They stayed up at Painkuli, Ruth died. a08kager.guoli 019 Bia leng Ruth amet di laa, di ga atuti sebula Guali taman. bia leng Ruth a- met di la di ga atut -i se - bula Guali taman that day *** S.Mkr- die 3P go 3P then accuse -TR PERF - again Guali TOPIC DEM n *** per_mkr- v PRO v PRO TIME v -TR ASP - ADV PropN PREP That day Ruth died, they went and divined Guali again about it. a08kager.guoli 020 Di atuti, di ga we, "Yia achaale Ruth. di atut -i di ga we yia achaale Ruth 3P accuse -TR 3P then say 3S poison *** PRO v -TR PRO TIME v PRO v *** They divined and they said, "He poisoned Ruth." a08kager.guoli 021

23

Mil, papan abia, nabing ga kalame, ma ga kalame lan kaka, mil dupCV- pan abia nabing ga kalame ma ga kalame lan lakaka later INTENS- on that night then come and then come in mens.house.area adv ASP- PREP DEM n TIME v CNJ TIME v PREP n ga we ale lasi abia kan su ila Ruth. ga we a- le lasi abia kan su ila Ruth then say S.MKR- come see that 3S.POSS grave this.anim *** TIME v per.mkr- v vt DEM PRO n PRO *** Later, after that, at night, he (Guoli) came, and he came in the cemetary and came see Ruth's grave. a08kager.guoli 022 No chi di ga laa ma di ga tatanginai. no chi di ga la ma di ga tatanginei -i PL boy 3P then go and 3P then find.at.place -TR PL n PRO TIME v CNJ PRO TIME v -TR The men then went and found him. a08kager.guoli 023 No chi di ga la ma di ga kalele o di ga suk laa chil riti ma di no chi di ga la ma di ga kalele o di ga suk la chil riti ma di PL boy 3P then go and 3P then chase and3P then INTENS go hold strongly and 3P PL n PRO TIME v CNJ PRO TIME v CNJPROTIME ADV v v ADV CNJ PRO ga chaapi. ga chaapi then kill TIME v The guys then went and chased him and they then took hold of him and beat him. a08kager.guoli 024 [Di ga] suk sas achote, asuk we ina se met. di ga suk sas achote a- suk we ina se met 3P then very fight hurt S.MKR- INTENS sayGEN PERF die PRO TIME ADV v v per.mkr- ADV v PREP ASP v They beat him up bad, he was near death. a08kager.guoli 025 Laa ma di kali ma di laa baki kan anua, di adi abia kadi no la ma di kali ma di la baki kan anua di adi abia kadi no go and 3P walk and 3P go tear.down 3S.POSS house 3P get that POSS- 3P PL v CNJ PRO v CNJ PRO v v PRO n PRO v DEM pfx- PRO PL baket laplap ma di adi abia kadi no mat mara tia nanua baket laplap ma di adi abia kadi no mat mara atia lan anua bucket laplap and 3P get that POSS- 3P PL kind thing.inanimate there in house n n CNJ PRO v DEM pfx- PRO PL n n LOC PREP n ma di ga laa ma di ga arara anua. ma di ga la ma di ga arara anua and 3P then go and 3P then ignite house CNJ PRO TIME v CNJ PRO TIME v n They went and went up and they went to tear down his house, they got their buckets and laplaps and they got all their things there in the house and they went and they burned the house. a08kager.guoli 026 Alaa tia, amataa, ma giwa Rupit. a- la atia a- mataa ma giwa Rupit S.MKR- go there S.MKR- fear and bring Rupit per.mkr- v LOC per.mkr- vi CNJ v PropN He went there and was afraid and got Rupit a08kager.guoli 027 Delu suk sol kali Tabal. delu suk sol kali Tabal 3D very run walk Tabar.Islands PRO ADV vi v PropN The two of them immediately ran off to Tabar. a08kager.guoli 028 Delu suk laa manman tili Tabal. delu suk la manman tili Tabal 3D very go stay dir.east Tabar.Islands

24

PRO ADV v v LOC PropN They just went and stayed there at Tabar. a08kager.guoli 029 Til talaawa Guali cha ili ta manman Tabal. til talaawa Guali cha ila+tili ta manman Tabal stand today/now Guali yet this.anim *** Rel.cl. stay Tabar.Islands v n PropN ADV PRO LOC ASP v PropN Until today, Guoli still is staying there at Tabar. a08kager.guoli 030 O Rupit, ila ta se mula kalame tala Lossu sebula. o Rupit ila ta se mula kalame tala Lesu se - bula and Rupit this.anim REL.CL PERF return come here Lossu PERF - again CNJ PropN PRO ASP ASP vi v LOC PropN ASP - ADV And Rupit, she returned and came back to Lossu. a08kager.guoli 031 Amala bia mu pu totore o pu inasait taman kan a- ma - la bia mu pu dupCV- tore o pu inasait taman kan S.MKR- and - go that only piece NOMR- talk or piece N- tell INST 3S.POSS per.mkr- CNJ - v DEM ADV n ASP- v CNJ n NOMR- vi PREP PRO kalkale Guali tala Lesu. dupCV- kale Guali tala Lesu NOMR- sit Guali here Lossu ASP- v PropN LOC PropN I think that is all of the little message, or little news about Guoli's time here in Lossu. 21/Dec/2000

a09musteng.nobody.here a09musteng.nobody.here 001 Lawaring. lawaring morning n (good) morning a09musteng.nobody.here 002 Gem pade, no tamat di adi no ke. geem pade no tamat di adi no ke 1P.EX awake PL man 3P get PL net PRO v PL n PRO v PL n We got up, the men got the nets. a09musteng.nobody.here 003 Lawaring bingbing ge ta pade, gem, no tamat, di adi kadi no ke, di lawaring bingbing geem ta pade geem no tamat di adi kadi no ke di morning early 1P.EX Rel.cl. awake 1P.EX PL man 3P get POSS- 3P PL net 3P n ADJ PRO ASP v PRO PL n PRO v pfx- PRO PL n PRO suk laa pan inabi tilu Nao, di we di laa ngali chali inabi lawaring suk la pan inabi tilu Nao di we di la ngali chali inabi lawaring very go on fish.sp dir.west Nao 3P say 3P go PURP find fish.sp morning ADV v PREP n LOC PropN PRO v PRO v PREP v n n o papil ina inabi ase chal biaka papil bili cha o papil ina inabi a- se chal bia ka papil bili cha and some GEN fish.sp S.MKR- PERF come.up that INDEF some loc.east yet CNJ n PREP n per.mkr- ASP v DEM ART n DEM ADV lao. lao deep.water n When we had gotten up early in the morning, we, the men, they got their nets, they went fishing there at Nao, they wanted to go to find inabi in the morning and some of the inabi came up, others were still out at sea. a09musteng.nobody.here 004 No tamat di se mara are lisi tilu Nao sin sa' abia kolot no tamat di se mara are lis -i tilu Nao sin sa' abia kolot PL man 3P PERF persistantly stay wait -TR dir.west Nao TEMP what that place PL n PRO ASP ASP v v -TR LOC PropN PREP PRO DEM n

25

ina inabi ta manman cha lao. ina inabi ta manman cha lao GEN fish.sp Rel.cl. stay yet deep.water PREP n ASP v ADV n The men were persistently waiting there at Nao because that place of fish was still out at sea. a09musteng.nobody.here 005 Di manman, manman, manman, manman, manman bia kolot ina inabi ase di manman dup dup dup dup bia kolot ina inabi a- se 3P stay PROG PROG PROG PROG that place GEN fish.sp S.Mkr- PERF PRO v ASP ASP ASP ASP DEM n PREP n per_mkr- ASP laa chal bula kuen, di ga la ma di se bula saii taman no ke. la chal bula kuen di ga la ma di se bula saii taman no ke go come_up again beach 3P then go and 3P PERF again catch INST PL net v v ADV n PRO TIME v CNJ PRO ASP ADV v PREP PL n They stayed and stayed. that place of fish went and came up again at the beach, then they went and they again caught with the nets. a09musteng.nobody.here 006 Bia po ke di ti la uli sin Sau Lesu. bia po ke di ti la uli sin Sau Lesu that part net 3P PST go buy TEMP Sau Lossu DEM ADJ n PRO TNS v v PREP PropN PropN Those parts of nets they went and bought from Sau in Lossu. a09musteng.nobody.here 007 O bia di ga le, di ga se le kosara no, bia nagem po ke o bia di ga le di ga se le kosara no bia ka- geem po ke and that 3P then come 3P then PERF come make PL that POSS- 1P.EX part net CNJ DEM PRO TIME v PRO TIME ASP v v PL DEM pfx- PRO ADJ n tala, ngali adi abulu inabi ta manman Nao. tala ngali adi a- bilu inabi ta manman Nao here PURP get ADJR- loc.west fish.sp Rel.cl. stay Nao LOC PREP v pfx- DEM n ASP v PropN And they came and assembled the nets here in order to get those inabi that are staying at Nao. a09musteng.nobody.here 008 Biaa no tamat di se pade laa lawaring o di ga laa saii tanya taman. bia no tamat di se pade la lawaring o di ga la saii tanya taman that PL man 3P PERF awake go morning and 3P then go catch Talai.TP INST DEM PL n PRO ASP v v n CNJ PRO TIME v v PropN PREP Those men got up in the morning and they went and caught Talai with (the nets). a09musteng.nobody.here 009 Ma bala mamba ga se, no inaman di se bula mula mamba taman kadi no ma bala mamba ga se no inaman di se bula mula mamba taman kadi no and this later then PERF PL people 3P PERF again return later INST POSS- 3P PL CNJ DEM n TIME ASP PL n PRO ASP ADV vi n PREP pfx- PRO PL tanya. tanya Talai.TP PropN And the people returned again later with their Talai fish. a09musteng.nobody.here 010 Sa puaa lawaring cha di se mara lilisi inabi. sa puaa lawaring cha di se mara dupCV- lis -i inabi who measure morning yet 3P PERF persistantly CONT- wait -TR fish.sp PRO v n ADV PRO ASP ASP ASP- v -TR n They were wasting time in the morning persistently waiting for malabur. a09musteng.nobody.here 012 Inabi ga kap atal esaga. inabi ga akap atala esaga fish.sp then NEG write hurry n TIME NEG v v The fish didn't come here fast. a09musteng.nobody.here 013 Ngali biabe ga atal mamba ta se saan ngali tail.

26

ngali bia -be ga atala mamba ta se saan ngali tail PURP that -reason then here later Rel.cl. PERF like PURP noon PREP DEM -Logical TIME DEM n ASP ASP v PREP n That is why here later it is almost noon. a09musteng.nobody.here 014 O mala abia inabi ga atal. o mala abia inabi ga atala and like that fish.sp then here CNJ ADJ DEM n TIME DEM And those fish are here. a09musteng.nobody.here 015 Biaa gulu le chap tatanginei gem no kuk kal, ge ta manman tia bia gulu le chap tatanginei geem no kuk kal geem ta manman atia when 2D come arrive look.for 1P.EX PL one some 1P.EX Rel.cl. stay there PRO PRO v v v PRO PL NUM n PRO ASP v LOC lokobel o biaka papil ina gem bulu cha di pan inabi biakal lokobel o bia ka papil ina geem bilu cha di pan inabi bia - kal place and that INDEF some GEN 1P.EX loc.west yet 3P on fish.sp that - some n CNJ DEM ART n PREP PRO DEM ADV PRO PREP n DEM - n ina gem bulu di Tandis sin "course", biaa ina lotu. ina geem bilu di Tandis sin *** bia ina lotu GEN 1P.EX loc.west 3P Tandis TEMP *** that GEN church PREP PRO DEM PRO PropN PREP *** DEM PREP n When you two came up looking for us, we are not many who are staying here in the village and some part of us are still over there fishing for inabi, some others of us are there at Tandis at a course (a church course). a09musteng.nobody.here 016 O biakal bala di ta adi flai tulait, di kali Konos. o bia - kal bala di ta adi flai tulait di kali Konos and that - some this 3P Rel.cl. get fly dawn 3P walk Konos CNJ DEM - n DEM PRO ASP v v n PRO v PropN And some, when they had gotten "Fly Tulait", they went up to Konos. a09musteng.nobody.here 017 Di laa sangan Erebe bula ma di ba laa kosora pu kalkale di la sanga -n Erebe bula ma di ba la kosora pu dupCV- kale 3P go close.to -3S.IPM Erebe again and 3P FUT go make piece NOMR- sit PRO v ipn -sfx PropN ADV CNJ PRO TNS v v n ASP- v dokdok mi Erebe. dokdok mi Erebe small ACCOM Erebe ADJ PREP PropN They went close to Erebe again and they will go have a small meeting with Erebe. a09musteng.nobody.here 019 O gem no kuuk kal atala ge ta manman tia lokobel o ge kap no o geem no kuk kal atala geem ta manman atia lokobel o geem akap no and 1P_EX PL one some here 1P.EX Rel.cl. stay there place and 1P.EX NEG PL CNJ PRO PL NUM n DEM PRO ASP v LOC n CNJ PRO NEG PL tamat arara bala ma aina, biakal ina ge bala cha di kuen. tamat arara bala ma aina bia - kal ina geem bala cha di kuen man every this and woman that - some GEN 1P.EX this yet 3P beach n ADJ DEM CNJ n DEM - n PREP PRO DEM ADV PRO n And we are not many here, we who stayed there at the village, we are not all the men and women here, some of us are still at the beach. a09musteng.nobody.here 020 O mala gem no kuk kal atala ge ta le lolong o ge kap ati. o mala geem no kuk kal atala geem ta le dupCV- long o geem akap ati and like 1P.EX PL one some here 1P.EX Rel.cl. come CONT- hear and 1P.EX NEG know CNJ ADJ PRO PL NUM n DEM PRO ASP v ASP- v CNJ PRO NEG v And like we are not many here we that came to hear and we don't know. a09musteng.nobody.here 021 Nawe di ba kalame o di ba kap kalame balawa no inaman di ta nawe di ba kalame o di ba akap kalame bala -wa no inaman di ta suppose 3P FUT come or 3P FUT NEG come this -DEF PL people 3P Rel.cl.

27

COND PRO TNS v CNJ PRO TNS NEG v DEM -ART PL n PRO ASP manman cha talaa kuen. manman cha talaa kuen stay yet there_distant beach v ADV LOC n If they will come or they will not come these people that are staying still at the beach. a09musteng.nobody.here 022 Di se balawa langit bula amakadili no inaman ma no di se bala -wa langit bula a- madil -ka- -i no inaman ma no 3P PERF this -DEF rain again S.Mkr- cold -?- -TRANS.MKR PL people and PL PRO ASP DEM -ART n ADV per_mkr- ADJ -nmzr- -TR PL n CNJ PL inaman di kap esaga ngali le lolong. inaman di akap esaga ngali le dupCV- long people 3P NEG hurry PURP come CONT- hear n PRO NEG v PREP v ASP- v This rain again made everyone cold and the people didn't hurry to come listen. a09musteng.nobody.here 023 O marang, di saan bula ngali laa sin kadi no pu tinaka, o marang di saan bula ngali la sin kadi no pu -in- taka and something 3P like again PURP go TEMP POSS- 3P PL piece -NOMR- work CNJ n PRO v ADV PREP v PREP pfx- PRO PL n -vinf- v balawa no inaman talaawa nale nate naba mamas male di bala -wa no inaman talaawa nale nate a- ba mamas malen di this -DEF PL people today/now afternoon if S.MKR- FUT finish.raining like 3P DEM -ART PL n n n COND per.mkr- TNS v ADJ PRO ba laa, biakal di ba laa ngali sok kaukau, biakal di ba laa ba la bia - kal di ba la ngali sok kaukau bia - kal di ba la FUT go that - some 3P FUT go PURP plant sweet_potato that - some 3P FUT go TNS v DEM - n PRO TNS v PREP n n DEM - n PRO TNS v ngali wori, biakal di ba laa ngali kotaa kadi no kolot ina ngali wori bia - kal di ba la ngali kotaa kadi no kolot ina PURP weed that - some 3P FUT go PURP cut.clean POSS- 3P PL place GEN PREP v DEM - n PRO TNS v PREP v pfx- PRO PL n PREP bobola, talaawa nale o ase saan ngali nale esaga o di bobola talaawa nale o a- se saan ngali nale esaga o di stick.taro today/now afternoon and S.Mkr- PERF like PURP afternoon hurry and 3P n n n CNJ per_mkr- ASP v PREP n v CNJ PRO ta kalkale ben lilisi ngali kal tamat bula ma ka aina ta dupCV- kale ben dupCV- lis -i ngali kal tamat bula ma kadek aina Rel.cl. CONT- sit first CONT- wait -TR PURP some man again and leg woman ASP ASP- v ASP ASP- v -TR PREP n n ADV CNJ n n nate di na kalame ngali gita ba kalkale arara ngali lolong. nate di ina kalame ngali gita ba dupCV- kale arara ngali dupCV- long if 3P GEN come PURP 1P.INC FUT CONT- sit completely PURP CONT- hear COND PRO PREP v PREP PRO TNS ASP- v ADV PREP ASP- v And (another) thing, they also want to go to their (own) work, these people, this afternoon. If the rain ends I think they might go, some will go to plant kaukau, some will go to weed, some will go to clean out their area for stick taro, this afternoon. And it is about to be afternoon quickly. And they who have been sitting first, waiting for some other men and women, if they must come so that we all will meet all together to hear. a09musteng.nobody.here 025 Nale se bula no tamat bia di ba se bula takaturung ngali kalu pan nale se bula no tamat bia di ba se bula takaturung ngali kalu pan afternoon PERF again PL man that 3P FUT PERF again ready PURP go.west on n ASP ADV PL n DEM PRO TNS ASP ADV v PREP v PREP inabi se bula ngali laa kali ngali lasi inabi naba talaa inabi se bula ngali la kali ngali lasi inabi a- ba talaa fish.sp PERF again PURP go walk PURP see fish.sp S.MKR- FUT there.distant n ASP ADV PREP v v PREP vt n per.mkr- TNS LOC lao. lao deep.water n

28

Again this afternoon, the men are about to get ready again to go over to wait for fish again in order to go there to see the fish which must go out to sea. a09musteng.nobody.here 026 Nawe inabi naba riri ngali laa lao di ba se nawe inabi a- ba riri ngali la lao di ba se suppose fish.sp S.MKR- FUT go.down.with.tide PURP go deep.water 3P FUT PERF COND n per.mkr- TNS v PREP v n PROTNS ASP bula adi nale. bula adi nale again get afternoon ADV v n If the fish will go down with the tide to go out to sea, they will again get (them) in the afternoon. a09musteng.nobody.here 027 Biaa, O, aso akap mager chal akau buka abia inabi sin sa' bia o a- so akap mager chal akau buka abia inabi sin sa' that and S.Mkr- true NEG not.yet come_up good very.much that fish.sp TEMP what DEM CNJ per_mkr- ADJ NEG adv v ADJ adv DEM n PREP PRO no inaman di le saii sin biaka leng ma di saii lasiat, di saii no inaman di le saii sin bia -ka leng ma di saii lasiat di saii PL people 3P come catch TEMP that -INDEF day and 3P catch mid_day 3P catch PL n PRO v v PREP DEM -ART n CNJ PRO v n PRO v lawaring, di saii lasiat, di saii nale. lawaring di saii lasiat di saii nale morning 3P catch mid_day 3P catch afternoon n PRO v n PRO v n That. And it's true that they did not yet come up very good, those fish, because the people came to catch on another day and they caught in the day and they caught in the morning and they caught in the day and they caught in the afternoon. a09musteng.nobody.here 028 Pade lawaring, no inaman di we di laa ngali lisi inabi, inabi pade lawaring no inaman di we di la ngali lis -i inabi dup awake morning PL people 3P say 3P go PURP wait -TR fish.sp PROG v n PL n PRO v PRO v PREP v -TR n ASP ase kap kalame. a- se akap kalame S.MKR- PERF NEG come per.mkr- ASP NEG v They got up in the morning, they wanted to go to wait for the fish, the fish didn't come. a09musteng.nobody.here 029 Ase saan sin abia no inaman di chali inabi sin abia leng ta a- se saan sin abia no inaman di chale -i inabi sin abia leng ta S.MKR- PERF like for that PL people 3P search -TR fish.sp TEMP that day REL.CL per.mkr- ASP v PREPDEM PL n PROv -TR n PREP DEM n ASP kuk. kuk one NUM The fish are "les" from that, the people searched for fish on that one whole day. a09musteng.nobody.here 030 Di we di laa lawaring inabi akap atal. di we di la lawaring inabi akap atala 3P say 3P go morning fish.sp NEG here PRO v PRO v n n NEG DEM They wanted to go in the morning, the fish didn't (come) here. a09musteng.nobody.here 031 Di la kali, kali, kali, kali, kali, kali, kali, kali, kali, kali, inabi akap di la kali dup dup dup dup dup dup dup dup dup inabi akap 3P go walk PROG PROG PROG PROG PROG PROG PROG PROG PROG fish.sp NEG PRO v v ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP n NEG atal, di se laa mula. atala di se la mula here 3P PERF go return DEM PRO ASP v vi

29

They went and walked down, walked down...walked down, the fish didn't (show up) here, they (people) went back. a09musteng.nobody.here 032 O talaawa inabi ga se bula le chal torongonol ale chal o talaawa inabi ga se bula le chal torongonol a- le chal and today/now fish.sp then PERF again come come_up yesterday S.MKR- come come.up CNJ n n TIME ASP ADV v v n per.mkr- v v dokdok mu. dokdok mu small only ADJ ADV And today, the fish again came up yesterday, they came up just a little. a09musteng.nobody.here 033 O talaawa, bia di se bula laa lilisi atala ga se rom o talaawa bia di se bula la dupCV- lis -i atala ga se rom and today/now that 3P PERF again go CONT- wait -TR here then PERF change CNJ n DEM PRO ASP ADV v ASP- v -TR DEM TIME ASP v chal buka mamba tala. chal buka mamba tala come_up very.much later here v adv n LOC And today, they again went waiting here and (the fish) changed to come up alot, later here. a09musteng.nobody.here 034 Talaawa lawaring sin taka alua. talaawa lawaring sin taka a- lua today/now morning TEMP work ADJR- two n n PREP v pfx- NUM This morning on Tuesday. a09musteng.nobody.here 036 Mala bia mu ya ga asaiti totore taman abala in... ma - la bia mu ya ga asait -i dupCV- tore taman a- bala ina and - go that only 1S then tell -TR NOMR- talk TOPIC ADJR- this GEN CNJ - v DEM ADV PRO TIME vi -TR ASP- v PREP pfx- DEM PREP I think that is all that I told a message about this... a09musteng.nobody.here 037 nagem manman sin abalawa leng sin sa' biakal bala di ta ka- geem manman sin a- bala -wa leng sin sa' bia - kal bala di ta POSS- 1P.EX stay TEMP ADJR- this -DEF day for what that - some this 3P Rel.cl. pfx- PRO v PREP pfx- DEM -ART n PREP PRO DEM - n DEM PRO ASP laa lilisi no ka kolot o, ga kap pupua inaman ngali kali la dupCV- lis -i no ka kolot o ga akap pupua inaman ngali kali go CONT- wait -TR PL INDEF place and then NEG able people PURP walk v ASP- v -TR PL ART n CNJ TIME NEG v n PREP v lolong atala. dupCV- long atala CONT- hear here ASP- v DEM ...our stay on this very day because some went waiting some places and then not enough people in order to come listen here. a09musteng.nobody.here 038 O, marang, mala, ya ba kap totore adis bula mala bala a? o marang mala ya ba akap dupCV- tore a- dis bula mala bala nga and something like 1S FUT NEG INTENS- talk S.Mkr- long again like this QUES CNJ n ADJ PRO TNS NEG ASP- v per_mkr- ADJ ADV ADJ DEM Q And (another) thing, I think I will not keep talking a long time again, I think this... a09musteng.nobody.here 039 ya ta asaiti yu taman abalawa manman atala sin abala leng ya ta asait -i yu taman a- bala -wa manman atala sin a- bala leng 1S Rel.cl. tell -TR 2S INST ADJR- this -DEF stay here TEMP ADJR- this day PRO ASP vi -TR PRO PREP pfx- DEM -ART v DEM PREP pfx- DEM n balawa langit ta kosora achote gem, no inaman di kap chap akau ngali bala -wa langit ta kosora achote geem no inaman di akap chap akau ngali this -DEF rain Rel.cl. make hurt 1P.EX PL people 3P NEG arrive good PURP DEM -ART n ASP v v PRO PL n PRO NEG v ADJ PREP

30

di lolong atala. di dupCV- long atala 3P CONT- hear here PRO ASP- v DEM ...that I told you about this here stay here on this day when this rain messed us up. The people didn't arrive good in order to listen here. a09musteng.nobody.here 040 Mala bia mu. mala bia mu like that only ADJ DEM ADV I think that is it. 21/Dec/2000

a10elsie.womens.work a10elsie.womens.work 001 lawas ya ben papare taman nageem tinaka no aina. lawas ya ben dupCV- pare taman ka- geem -in- taka no aina okay 1S first CONT- talk.do TOPIC POSS- 1P.EX -NOMR- work PL woman AFFM PRO ASP ASP- v PREP pfx- PRO -vinf- v PL n a10elsie.womens.work 002 Lawaring geem pade, laalaamua ina mara, geem taangi yi, lawaring geem pade la - laamua ina mara geem taa -ngi yi morning 1P.EX awake go - before GEN thing.inanimate 1P.EX ignite -causative fire n PRO v v - PRO PREP n PRO v -CAUS n tali' no daan lelep pan yi. tali' no daan lelep pan yi give PL water hot on fire v PL n ADJ PREPn In the morning we get up, the first thing, we start a fire, put the hot water on the fire. a10elsie.womens.work 003 Geem ri nageem no matan anua geem ri ka- geem no mata ina anua 1P.EX sweep POSS- 1P.EX PL eye GEN house PRO v pfx- PRO PL ipn PREP n We sweep in front of our houses. a10elsie.womens.work 004 Geem guri no mat mara nanua, atitiki no, tabali geem guri no mat mara lan anua a- titik -i no tabali 1P.EX wash PL kind thing.inanimate in house CAUS- straight -TRANS.MKR PL feed PRO v PL n n PREP n pfx- ADJ -TR PL v no chi la lan asising, o mil, ge ga laa lauteng. no chi la lan a- dupCV- sing o mil geem ga la lauteng PL child go in CAUS- CONT- teach and later 1P.EX then go bush PL n v PREP pfx- ASP- v CNJ adv PRO TIME v n We wash everthing in the house, straighten everything, feed the children going to school and then later we go to the bush. a10elsie.womens.work 005 ge la soka nageem nan bubula, geem sok ararai no, geem la sok ka- geem nan dupCV- bula geem sok arara -i no 1P.EX go plant POSS- 1P.EX DEF.ART NOMR- again 1P.EX plant every -TRANS.MKR PL PRO v v pfx- PRO ART ASP- ADV PRO v ADJ -TR PL geem wori, geem piti' nageem no pu aia, ge le laa, ge se geem wori geem piti' ka- geem no pu aia geem le la geem se 1P.EX weed 1P.EX chop POSS- 1P.EX PL piece firewood 1P.EX come go 1P.EX PERF PRO v PRO v pfx- PRO PL n n PRO v v PRO ASP laa chupke nageem nan sua. la chupke ka- geem nan sua go dig POSS- 1P.EX DEF.ART kaukau.vine v v pfx- PRO ART n We go plant our small sticks of taro, we finish planting them, we weed, we chop our little firewood, we come go, we go dig our small kaukau vines. a10elsie.womens.work 006

31

geem chupke nageem nan sua, geem tueli no (lan) no kiis. geem chupke ka- geem nan sua geem tuel -i no lan no kiis 1P.EX dig POSS- 1P.EX DEF.ART kaukau.vine 1P.EX fill -TR PL in PL basket PRO v pfx- PRO ART n PRO v -TR PL PREP PL n We dig.up our small kaukau, we put them in baskets. a10elsie.womens.work 007 Geem kalame, le chap, akui nageem no ika. geem kalame le chap aku -i ka- geem no ika 1P.EX come come arrive cook -TR POSS- 1P.EX PL roasting_pit PRO v v v v -TR pfx- PRO PL n We come, come up, make our mumu. a10elsie.womens.work 008 Geem aku arara. geem aku arara 1P.EX cook completely PRO v ADV We mumu completely a10elsie.womens.work 009 Geem kamit, geem ri, ge la sisil, o ge se le geem kamit geem ri geem la dupCV- sil o geem se le 1P.EX put.stones.on.mumu 1P.EX sweep 1P.EX go CONT- wash and 1P.EX PERF come PRO v PRO v PRO v ASP- v CNJ PRO ASP v takaturung ngali kalkale ngen nale ngali tatai takaturung ngali dupCV- kale ngen nale ngali DupCV- ta -i ready PURP NOMR- sit motion afternoon PURP CONT- remove.fr.mumu -TR v PREP ASP- v ASP n PREP ASP- v -TR ika ngali tabali no chi ma nagem no mom lan no nale. ika ngali tabali no chi ma ka- geem no mom lan no nale roasting_pit PURP feed PL child and POSS- 1P.EX PL father in PL afternoon n PREP v PL n CNJ pfx- PRO PL n PREP PL n We put stones on the mumu, we sweep, we go bathe, and we come to sit down in the afternoon to remove the mumu for feeding the children and our husbands in the afternoon. a10elsie.womens.work 010 Kariin tinaka sin geem no nagaa sin kosora no tinaka sin no kariin -in- taka sin geem no nagaa sin kosora no -in- taka sin no very.large -NOMR- work for 1P.EX PL mother for make PL -NOMR- work TEMP PL ADJ -vinf- v PREP PRO PL n PREP v PL -vinf- v PREP PL daan leng sin geem. daan leng sin geem water day for 1P.EX n n PREP PRO It is very much work for us mothers to do the work day after day for us. a10elsie.womens.work 011 bia mu. ase kap. bia mu a- se akap that only S.MKR- PERF NEG DEM ADV per_mkr- ASP NEG That is all. It is finished. 21/Dec/2000

a11libba.chunulou a11libba.chunulou 001 Ya ba papare taman no mat laken chunulou in atala libba. ya ba dupCV- pare taman no mat lake ina chulou -in- ina atala libba 1S FUT CONT- talk.do TOPIC PL kind branch GEN fish -NOMR- GEN here Libba PRO TNS ASP- v PREP PL n n PREP v -vinf- PREPDEM PropN I will talk about the kinds of fishing here in Libba. a11libba.chunulou 002 Biaka chunulao awe atala. bia ka chulao -in- a- we atala that INDEF fish -NOMR- S.MKR- say here DEM ART v -vinf- per.mkr- v DEM One fishing (method) is like this.

32

a11libba.chunulou 003 Ge ba adi no ke ma ge na la lao ma ge na chulao geem ba adi no ke ma geem na la lao ma geem na chulao 1P.EX FUT get PL net and 1P.EX IMPV go deep.water and 1P.EX IMPV fish PRO TNS v PL n CNJ PRO ASP v n CNJ PRO ASP v talaa lao taman no ke. talaa lao taman no ke there.distant water INST PL net LOC n PREP PL n We will get the nets and we must go out in the water and we must fish there in the water with the nets. a11libba.chunulou 004 Yiaka tamat akuk, kan no ke alua ma ge ba chulao ma ge yia ka tamat a- kuk kan no ke a- lua ma geem ba chulao ma geem 3S INDEF man ADJR- one 3S.POSS PL net ADJR- two and 1P.EX FUT fish and 1P.EX PRO ART n pfx- NUM PRO PL n pfx- NUM CNJ PRO TNS v CNJ PRO ba alet ko talaa lao. ba alet ko talaa lao FUT lift.carry fish there.distant water TNS v n LOC n One man has two nets and we will fish and we will get fish there in the water. a11libba.chunulou 005 Bia se biaka chunulao. bia se bia ka chulao -in- that PERF that INDEF fish -NOMR- DEM ASP DEM ART v -vinf- That is one fishing (method). a11libba.chunulou 006 Biaka, gem ba la taman no "string" ma ge ba kale pan no chibe ma bia ka geem ba la taman no *** ma geem ba kale pan no chibe ma that INDEF 1P.EX FUT go INST PL *** and 1P.EX FUT sit on PL boat and DEM ART PRO TNS v PREP PL *** CNJ PRO TNS v PREP PL n CNJ ge ba li string lao ngali no ko ma ge ba tai no ma ge geem ba li *** lao ngali no ko ma geem ba ta -i no ma geem 1P.EX FUT throw.out *** water PURP PL fish and 1P.EX FUT pull -TR PL and 1P.EX PRO TNS v *** n PREP PL n CNJ PRO TNS v -TR PL CNJ PRO ba adi no. ba adi no FUT get PL TNS v PL Another, we will go with fishing line adn we will sit in boats and we will throw the lines in the water for the fish and we will pull them and we will get them. a11libba.chunulou 007 Biaa se biaka chunulao. bia se bia ka chulao -in- that PERF that INDEF fish -NOMR- DEM ASP DEM ART v -vinf- That is another (kind of) fishing. a11libba.chunulou 008 Ase alua no. a- se e a- lua no S.MKR- PERF ERF ADJR- two PL per.mkr- ASP SP pfx- NUM PL That makes two (kinds of fishing). a11libba.chunulou 009 Biaka chunulao, ge ba la lan tong. bia ka chulao -in- geem ba la lan tong that INDEF fish -NOMR- 1P.EX FUT go in Mangrove DEM ART v -vinf- PRO TNS v PREP PropN a11libba.chunulou 010 ge ba alet lele. geem ba alet lele

33

1P.EX FUT lift.carry crab.trap PRO TNS v n We will get crab traps. a11libba.chunulou 011 Biaa mat laken chunulao lan tong ngali limong. bia mat lake ina chulao -in- lan tong ngali limong that kind branch GEN fish -NOMR- in mangrove REAS crab.sp DEM n n PREP v -vinf- PREP n PREP n That is the kind of fishing in the mangroves for giant crabs. a11libba.chunulou 012 Ge ba la lan tong ma ge ba aturungi no lan daan ma ge ba geem ba la lan tong ma geem ba aturung -i no lan daan ma geem ba 1P.EX FUT go in mangrove and 1P.EX FUT put -TR PL in water and 1P.EX FUT PRO TNS v PREP n CNJ PRO TNS v -TR PL PREP n CNJ PRO TNS alet limong, no limong lan tong. alet limong no limong lan tong lift.carry crab.sp PL crab.sp in mangrove v n PL n PREP n We will go in the mangroves and we will put them (traps) in the water and we will get giant crabs, the giant crabs in the mangroves. a11libba.chunulou 013 O ge ba kalame ma ge ba le suni taman abia no limong, tala lan o geem ba kalame ma geem ba le suni taman abia no limong tala lan or 1P.EX FUT come and 1P.EX FUT come market INST that PL crab.sp here in CNJ PRO TNS v CNJ PRO TNS v v PREP DEM PL n LOC PREP gelgel ina sel ma di ba uli no. gelgel ina sel ma di ba uli no side GEN roadand 3P FUT buy PL PREP PREPn CNJ PRO TNS v PL And we will come and we will come and sell those crabs here at the side of the road and they will buy them. a11libba.chunulou 014 Bia se biaka mat laken chunulao. bia se bia ka mat lake ina chulao -in- that PERF that INDEF kind branch GEN fish -NOMR- DEM ASP DEM ART n n PREP v -vinf- That is another kind of fishing. a11libba.chunulou 015 Biaka chunulao, ge ba la la taman no "uben", ma ge ba bia ka chulao -in- geem ba la la taman no uben ma geem ba that INDEF fish -NOMR- 1P.EX FUT go go INST PL fishing.net and 1P.EX FUT DEM ART v -vinf- PRO TNS v v PREP PL n CNJ PRO TNS li lao, ma ge ba kalili no ko, ma di ba chiga ma ge ba til li lao ma geem ba kalili no ko ma di ba chiga ma geem ba til throw.out water and 1P.EX FUT chase PL fish and 3P FUT enter and 1P.EX FUT stand v n CNJ PRO TNS v PL n CNJ PRO TNS v CNJ PRO TNS v kale no ma di na adi no ko. kale no ma di na adi no ko sit PL and 3P IMPV get PL fish v PL CNJ PRO ASP v PL n Another kind of fishing we will go with our nets and we will throw them in the saltwater and we will chase the fish and they will go in(to the net) and we will catch them and they must get the fish. a11libba.chunulou 016 Biamu, ase kap. bia - mu a- se akap that - only S.MKR- PERF NEG DEM - ADV per.mkr- ASP NEG That is all, the end. 21/Dec/2000

a12maanmaan.un a12maanmaan.un 001 Ya ba atolomi mara kan chinchin uun mi lo pato delu ya ba atolom -i mara kan chinchin uun mi lo pato delu

34

1S FUT tell.story -TR thing 3S.POSS story sea.turtle ACCODUAL duck(tp) 3D PRO TNS v -TR n PRO n n PREPPL n PRO ta lua. ta lua REL.CL two ASP NUM I will tell the story of the uun with the two ducks. a12maanmaan.un 002 Biaka leng uun akalkale ma ga lasi lo pato delu bia ka leng uun a- dupCV- kale ma ga lasi lo pato delu that INDEF day sea.turtle S.MKR- CONT- sit and then see DUAL duck(tp) 3D DEM ART n n per.mkr- ASP- v CNJ TIME vt PL n PRO ta lo lapala. ta lo lapala REL.CL fly up ASP v n One day Uun was sitting and saw two ducks flying up. a12maanmaan.un 003 Sin abia kolot ina leng kan karakin adodo uun ngali na lo bula sin abia kolot ina leng kan karakin adodo uun ngali ina lo bula TEMP that place GEN day 3S.POSS very.large think sea.turtle PURP GEN fly again PREP DEM n PREP n PRO ADJ v n PREP PREP v ADV lapala. lapala up n At that time, Uun's big thought was to also fly up. a12maanmaan.un 004 O biaa ta lasi delalu asuk ilei delulu, awe, "Gulu o bia ta lasi delalu a- suk ile -i delalu a- we gulu or when REL.CL see 3D.OBJ S.MKR- INTENS call -TR 3D.OBJ S.MKR- say 2D CNJ REL ASP vt PRO per.mkr- ADV v -TR PRO per.mkr- v PRO ben kalame. ben kalame first come ASP v So when he saw the two, he just called them saying, "You two come first." a12maanmaan.un 005 Ya we ina papare mi gululu." ya we ina dupCV- pare mi gululu 1S say GEN CONT- talk.do ACCOM 2D.OBJ PRO v PREP ASP- v PREP PRO I want to talk to you." a12maanmaan.un 006 Delu kalame o delu ga achura uun, delu we, "U we sa'?" delu kalame o delu ga achura uun delu we yu we sa' 3D come and 3D then ask sea.turtle 3D say 2S say what PRO v CNJ PRO TIME v n PRO v PRO v PRO They came and they asked Uun, saying, "What do you want?" a12maanmaan.un 007 Uun ga we, "No daan leng ya atigiri kalkale ma ya ga lasi uun ga we no daan leng ya atigiri dupCV- kale ma ya ga lasi sea.turtle then say PL water day 1S habitually HAB- sit and 1S then see n TIME v PL n n PRO ASP ASP- v CNJ PRO TIME vt gulu ta lolo lapala. gulu ta dup- lo lapala 2D REL.CL CONT- fly up PRO ASP ASP- v n Uun said, "Every day I always sit and I see you two flying up." a12maanmaan.un 008 O se nugu karakin adodo ya we ya bula ya we ina malen gululu." o se nugu karakin adodo ya we ya bula ya we ina malen gululu or PERF 1S.POSS very.large think 1S say 1S again 1S say GEN like 2D.OBJ

35

CNJ ASP PRO ADJ v PRO v PRO ADV PRO v PREP ADJ PRO And it is my great thought, I, too, want to be like you two. a12maanmaan.un 009 Delu we, "Ma gelu ba sen we ina yu amuina akap num kaa paalpaal ngali delu we ma gelu ba sen we ina yu amuina akap num kaa paalpaal ngali 3D say and 1D.EX FUT what say GEN 2S because NEG 2S.POSS some wings PURP PRO v CNJ PRO TNS PRO v PREP PRO COND NEG PRO DEM n PREP u ba lo lapala." yu ba lo lapala 2S FUT fly up PRO TNS v n The two said, "And how can we help you because you don't have any wings so that you can fly up." a12maanmaan.un 010 Biaka sinae delu ga chap taman we atala, "Gelu ba adi ka yi bia ka sinae delu ga chap taman we atala gelu ba adi ka yi that INDEF wise 3D then arrive INST say here 1D.EX FUT get INDEF tree DEM ART ADJ PRO TIME v PREP v DEM PRO TNS v ART n disdis ma u ba ngalti abia yi labatina abia yi. dup- dis ma yu ba ngalti abia yi labatina abia yi INTS- long and 2S FUT bite that tree in.the.middle.of that tree ASP- ADJ CNJ PRO TNS v DEM n PREP DEM n Another idea the two came up with was like this, "We will get a long tree and you will bite the log in the middle." a12maanmaan.un 011 O gelu, gelu ba ngalti no baranguchina, ngali amusili abia num adodo u o gelu gelu ba ngalti no baranguchina ngali amusili abia num adodo yu and 1D.EX 1D.EX FUT bite PL end PURP follow that 2S.POSS think 2S CNJ PRO PRO TNS v PL n PREP v DEM PRO v PRO ta san ngali u na sol bula lapala mi gelalu." ta saan ngali yu na sol bula lapala mi gelulu REL.CL like PURP 2S IMPV run again up ACCOM 1D.EX.OBJ ASP v PREP PRO ASP vi ADV n PREP PRO And we, we will bite the ends of (it), in order to follow that thinking that you wanted to also go up with us. a12maanmaan.un 012 Lowas, uun alongen abia, awe, "Akau, bia sinae akau. lawas uun alongen abia a- we we akau bia sinae akau okay sea.turtle hear that S.MKR- say say good that wise good AFFM n v DEM per.mkr- v v ADJ DEM ADJ ADJ Okay, Uun heard that and said, "That's a good idea." a12maanmaan.un 013 (Ya ba sol mi gululu,) ya ba lo mi gululu lapala." ya ba sol mi gululu ya ba lo mi gululu lapala 1S FUT run ACCOM 2D.OBJ 1S FUT fly ACCOM 2D.OBJ up PRO TNS vi PREP PRO PRO TNS v PREP PRO n (I will run with you two,) I will fly with you two up." a12maanmaan.un 014 Lowas, delu ga asait we ina uun atala. lawas delu ga asait we ina uun atala okay 3D then tell say GEN sea.turtle here AFFM PRO TIME vi v PREP n DEM Okay, the two told Uun like this. a12maanmaan.un 015 ine (nawe?) getu ba lo lapala ine kal di ba pare ngali yu, u nangam ine nawe getu ba lo lapala ine kal di ba pare ngali yu yu nangam if suppose 1T.EX FUT fly up if some 3P FUT talk.do REAS 2S 2S PROHIB COND COND PRO TNS v n COND n PRO TNS v PREP PRO PRO ASP aponga nguchina yu amuina nawe u ba aponga nguchina yu, u ba ngal aponga nguchu yu amuina nawe yu ba aponga nguchu yu yu ba ngalti open mouth 2S because suppose 2S FUT open mouth 2S 2S FUT bite v ipn PRO COND COND PRO TNS v ipn PRO PRO TNS v papali yi o suk kol lapula ma u ba met. papali yi o suk kol lapula ma yu ba met leave tree andINTENS fall down and 2S FUT die v n CNJADV vi PREP CNJ PRO TNS v

36

If we go up and some people talk about you, don't open your mouth because if you open your mouth, you will let go of the tree and just fall down and you will die. a12maanmaan.un 016 di se takaturung ngali di ba lo la. di se takaturung ngali di ba lo la 3P PERF ready PURP 3P FUT fly go PRO ASP v PREP PRO TNS v v The got ready to fly away. a12maanmaan.un 017 Di la lan biaka kobel, no chi dokdok mi no chakana dokdok di di la lan bia ka kobel no chi dokdok mi no chana -ka- dokdok di 3P go in that INDEF village PL boy small ACCOM PL girl -?- small 3P PRO v PREP DEM ART n PL n ADJ PREP PL n -nmzr- ADJ PRO sisil kuen di ga ager la lapala di suk lasi mara. dupCV- sil kuen di ga ager la lapala di suk lasi mara CONT- wash beach 3P then look go up 3P INTENS see thing ASP- v n PRO TIME v v n PRO ADV vt n They went to another village, the little boys and girls were washing at the beach, they glanced up and just saw... a12maanmaan.un 018 Lo pato mi, mara, uun o di suk tore ngali uun, di we, lo pato mi mara uun o di suk tore ngali uun di we DUAL duck(tp) ACCOM thing sea.turtle and 3P INTENS talk PURP sea.turtle 3P say PL n PREP n n CNJ PRO ADV v PREP n PRO v "Tu lasi aila! gutu lasi aila 2TR see this.one PRO vt DEM ...the ducks with the turtle and they just gossiped about the Uun saying, "Look at him! a12maanmaan.un 019 Akap pupua ngali naba akap pupua ngali a- ba NEG able PURP S.MKR- FUT NEG v PREP per.mkr- TNS sol lapala o amuina lo pato mu delu adi, delu turui taman yi ma a sol lapala o amuina lo pato mu delu adi delu turui taman yi ma UT run up and because DUAL duck(tp) only 3D get 3D carry INST tree and NS vi n CNJ COND PL n ADV PRO v PRO v PREP n CNJ ga lo lapala." ga lo lapala then fly up TIME v n He is not able to go up. And because the ducks got him, they carry him with a tree and then fly up. a12maanmaan.un 020 Uun awe akonon ngali naba aponga nguchina ngali uun a- we a- konon ngali a- ba aponga nguchu ngali sea.turtle S.MKR- say S.MKR- try REAS S.MKR- FUT open mouth REAS n per.mkr- v per.mkr- v PREP per.mkr- TNS v ipn PREP naba kisi kadi totore no chiki. a- ba kisi kadi dupCV- tore no chi S.MKR- FUT answer POSS- 3P NOMR- talk PL child per.mkr- TNS v pfx- PROASP- v PL n Uun wanted to try to open his mouth to reply to their talk. a12maanmaan.un 021 Asuk kol la lapula ma ga suk met. a- suk kol la lapula ma ga suk met S.MKR- INTENS fall go down and then INTENS die per.mkr- ADV vi v PREP CNJ TIME ADV v He just fell going down and then just died. a12maanmaan.un 022 Biaa kapkap ina inatolim ina uun mi lo pato. bia dup- akap ina atolom -in- ina uun mi lo pato that NOMR- NEG GEN tell.story -NOMR- GEN sea.turtle ACCOM DUAL duck(tp)

37

DEM ASP- NEG PREP v -vinf- PREP n PREP PL n That is the end of the story of the Uun and the two ducks. a12maanmaan.un 023 Biaamu. bia - mu that - only DEM - ADV That is all. 21/Dec/2000

a13kager.letter1 a13kager.letter1 001 Ase rom dis lolobet ina gita arara sin kida tino, a- se rom dis lolobet ina gita arara si -n kida tino S.MKR- PERF change long middle GEN 1P.INC every DAT -3S.IPM 1D.INC.POSS life per.mkr- ASP v ADJ n PREP PRO ADJ ipn -sfx PRO v sin gututul ma geem bula tala lokobel. si -n gututul ma geem bula tala lokobel DAT -3S.IPM 2T.OBJ and 1P.EX again here place ipn -sfx PRO CNJ PRO ADV LOC n It has been a long time between us during our life, to you and us here in the village. a13kager.letter1 002 Sin Orong mu sin kan tilamamil sin gita arara. si -n orong mu si -n kan tilamamil si -n gita arara DAT -3S.IPM Lord only DAT -3S.IPM 3S.POSS look.after DAT -3S.IPM 1P.INC every ipn -sfx n ADV ipn -sfx PRO vi ipn -sfx PRO ADJ In the Lord alone, in his looking after us all. a13kager.letter1 003 No pu inasait awe atala, nageem kalkale akau mu, pu no pu asait -in- a- we atala ka- geem dupCVC- kale akau mu pu PL piece tell -NOMR- S.MKR- say here POSS- 1P.EX NOMR- sit good only piece PL n vi -vinf- per.mkr- v DEM pfx- PRO ASP- v ADJ ADV n was mu mara ina lolbir. was mu mara ina lolbir thing only thing GEN worry n ADV n PREP v All the little news is like this, we are all just fine, just one little worry. a13kager.letter1 004 Darusila ngong ase met, ti met sin 26/ 12/ 95. Darusila ngong a- se met ti met si -n 26 12 95 name mute S.MKR- PERF die PST die DAT -3S.IPM 26 12 95 PropN ADJ per.mkr- ASP v TNS v ipn -sfx 26 12 95 Darusila, the mute one, died. She died on 26/12/95 a13kager.letter1 006 Eserom K Chik ase makiis, amakiis Langania sin Sikoli Eserom *** Chik a- se makiis a- makiis Langania si -n Sikoli Eserom *** name S.MKR- PERF marry S.MKR- marry Langania DAT -3S.IPM name PropN *** PropN per.mkr- ASP vi per.mkr- vi n ipn -sfx PropN kadelu chana se, yesan Pubuna. kadelu chana se yesa -n Pubuna POSS- 3D girl PERF name -3S.IPM name pfx- PRO n ASP ipn -sfx PropN Eserom K. Chik got married. He got married in Langania to Sikoli. Their little girl's name is Pubuna. a13kager.letter1 007 Asen parawe gim ba kap kalame sin ka leng? a- sen parawe gim ba akap kalame si -n ka leng S.MKR- what like 2P FUT NEG come DAT -3S.IPM INDEF day per.mkr- PRO ADJ PRO TNS NEG v ipn -sfx ART n Why is it that you don't come visit sometime? a13kager.letter1 008 Nawe gim ba kalame sin ka leng akau ka pu inasait leng. nawe gim ba kalame si -n ka leng akau ka pu asait -in- leng suppose 2P FUT come DAT -3S.IPM INDEF day good INDEF piece tell -NOMR- clear

38

COND PRO TNS v ipn -sfx ART n ADJ ART n vi -vinf- adj If you are coming sometime, it would be good to let us know. a13kager.letter1 009 Male bia mu ase kap. malen bia mu a- se akap like that only S.MKR- PERF NEG ADJ DEM ADV per.mkr- ASP NEG It's just like that, it is finished. a13kager.letter1 010 Kan titi Orong sin gita arara. kan titi orong si -n gita arara 3S.POSS mercy Lord DAT -3S.IPM 1P.INC every PRO n n ipn -sfx PRO ADJ The Lord's mercy to us all. 21/Dec/2000

a14kager.letter2 a14kager.letter2 001 Stephen Eserom, Nan atul ina lan perper abala, ya ta se bula Stephen Eserom nan a- tul ina lan perper a- bala ya ta se bula Steve Eserom DEF ADJR- three GEN in leaf ADJR- this 1S REL.CL PERF again PropN PropN ART pfx- NUM PREP PREP n pfx- DEM PRO ASP ASP ADV atal langen susum, bia ta lua ti setaun la akap ka kikis atala la ngen si -Vm bia ta lua ti setaun la akap ka dupCV- kis here go motion DAT -2SIPM that REL.CL two PST first go NEG INDEF NOMR- reply DEM v ASP ipn -sfx DEM ASP NUM TNS adv v NEG ART ASP- v ina delulu. ina delalu GEN 3D.OBJ PREP PRO Stephen Eserom. This is the third letter that I have again written to you. That second letter which went first didn't get a reply from you two. a14kager.letter2 002 Gem mu tala gem ta tana tino, aso bia kaa pu minet geem mu tala geem ta tana tino a- so bia kaa pu met -in- 1P.EX only here 1P.EX REL.CL hold life S.MKR- true that some piece die -NOMR- PRO ADV LOC PRO ASP v v per.mkr- ADJ DEM DEM n v -vinf- adi gem. adi geem get 1P.EX v PRO We are just here. We are alive. It is true that some little sicknesses have gotten us. a14kager.letter2 003 Asen parawe gim tia? a- sen parawe gim atia S.MKR- what like 2P there per.mkr- PRO ADJ PRO LOC How are you there? a14kager.letter2 004 Gim tino akau mu? gim tino akau mu 2P life good only PRO v ADJ ADV Are you all just fine? a14kager.letter2 005 Nawe gim tino akau mu na ga pai Orong Laba sin kan titi nawe gim tino akau mu na ga pai orong laba si -n kan titi suppose 2P life good only IMPV then praise Lord big DAT -3S.IPM 3S.POSS mercy COND PRO v ADJ ADV ASP TIME vt n ADJ ipn -sfx PRO n sin gita arara. si -n gita arara DAT -3S.IPM 1P.INC every ipn -sfx PRO ADJ

39

If you are just fine, you must praise God for his mercy to all of us. a14kager.letter2 006 No pu inasait: 1) Gelulu mama gelu suk matabirum laliu no pu asait -in- 1 gelulu mama gelu suk matabirum la - liu PL piece tell -NOMR- 1 1D.EX.OBJ mother 1D.EX INTENS poor.lonely go - completely PL n vi -vinf- 1 PRO n PRO ADV ADJ v - ADV akap ka til amamil na akau sin gelulu talawa. akap ka til dupCV- amil na akau si -n gelulu tala -wa NEG INDEF stand CONT- come.behind ? good DAT -3S.IPM 1D.EX.OBJ here -DEF NEG ART v ASP- v ??? ADJ ipn -sfx PRO LOC -ART Some small news: 1. Your mother and I are completely forlorn. There is no one to look after us now. a14kager.letter2 007 Aso ngali taka lauteng ase kap buka, o ngali chal a- so ngali taka lauteng a- se akap buka o ngali chale S.MKR- true REAS work bush S.MKR- PERF NEG very.much and REAS search per.mkr- ADJ PREP v n per.mkr- ASP NEG adv CNJ PREP v kukute asuk lelep. kukute a- suk lelep money S.MKR- INTENS hot n per.mkr- ADV ADJ It is true that working in the bush (we don't do it) much. And finding money is very difficult. a14kager.letter2 008 U ba soro adodo sin kan mama Chik, asuk kap yu ba soro adodo si -n kan mama Chik a- suk akap 2S FUT Irrealis think DAT -3S.IPM 3S.POSS mother name S.MKR- INTENS NEG PRO TNS ASP v ipn -sfx PRO n PropN per.mkr- ADV NEG laliu. la - liu go - completely v - ADV Lest you think that Chik's mama (looks after us), absolutely not at all! a14kager.letter2 009 Robert bula akap buka ngali gelulu. Robert bula akap buka ngali gelulu name again NEG very.much REAS 1D.EX.OBJ PropN ADV NEG adv PREP PRO Robert also, not much (help) for us. a14kager.letter2 010 2) Male u se adi totore ina Benson Tolani ti "bam" taman kar. 2 malen yu se adi dupCV- tore ina Benson Tolani ti bam taman kar 2 like 2S PERF get NOMR- talk GEN name Tolani PST crash INST vehicle 2 ADJ PRO ASP v ASP- v PREP PropN PropN TNS v PREP n 2. I guess you got the talk about Benson Tolani (being killed) in a car crash. a14kager.letter2 011 Gem se puname mama Lurang bula ase met ma mama Talanga bula geem se puname mama Lurang bula a- se met ma mama Talanga bula 1P.EX PERF bury mother name again S.MKR- PERF die and mother name again PRO ASP v n PropN ADV per.mkr- ASP v CNJ n PropN ADV ase met. a- se met S.MKR- PERF die per.mkr- ASP v We buried Lurang('s) mama also, she died and Talanga('s) mama also, she died. a14kager.letter2 012 3) Gelu suk kap leng sin nagim kalkale tia. 3 gelu suk akap leng si -n ka- gim dupCVC- kale atia 3 1D.EX INTENS NEG clear DAT -3S.IPM POSS- 2P NOMR- sit there 3 PRO ADV NEG adj ipn -sfx pfx- PRO ASP- v LOC 3. We just are not clear about your "sindaun" there. a14kager.letter2 013 Gelu longlongmen yoyo ina totore sin bia kal gelu dup- long ? yoyo ina dupCV- tore si -n bia kal

40

1D.EXHAB- hear *** "win.talk" GEN NOMR- talk DAT -3S.IPM that some PRO ASP- v *** n PREP ASP- v ipn -sfx DEM n kachap. kachap another.different ADJ We always hear rumors from all different people. a14kager.letter2 014 4) Murutin pal bala sin gem ase rar gomsa no 4 Murutin pal bala si -n geem a- se rar gomsa no 4 very.large sun this DAT -3S.IPM 1P.EX S.MKR- PERF light without.purpose PL 4 ADJ n DEM ipn -sfx PRO per.mkr- ASP v ADV PL uteng, asuk kap nagem kaa lukal. uteng a- suk akap ka- geem kaa lukal vegetation S.MKR- INTENS NEG POSS- 1P.EX some food n per.mkr- ADV NEG pfx- PRO DEM n There is great big sun here for us, it has shined purposelessly on the vegetation, we just have no food. a14kager.letter2 015 Aso kenken bala ma no mat marang in lan mono, was ta kuk a- so kenken bala ma no mat marang ina lan mono was ta kuk S.MKR- true sand.rice this and PL kind something GEN in ship thing REL.CL one per.mkr- ADJ n DEM CNJ PL n n PREP PREP n n ASP NUM kukute talaawa ilil ngali no marang lan no batanim asuk la kukute talaawa ilil ngali no marang lan no batanim a- suk la money today/now price REAS PL something in PL trade.store S.MKR- INTENS go n n n PREP PL n PREP PL n per.mkr- ADV v lapala. lapala up n It's true there is rice here and other imported things, one thing is money. Now the cost of the things in the store has really gone up. a14kager.letter2 016 (1PK rice K1,20, 1PK sugar K2,95). a14kager.letter2 017 Ga pupua sin no inaman watwat di ta tatangina kukute. ga pupua si -n no inaman dup- wat di ta tatanginei kukute then able DAT -3S.IPM PL people NOMR- strong 3P REL.CL find.at.place money TIME v ipn -sfx PL n ASP- ADJ PRO ASP v n Strong people are able to find money. a14kager.letter2 018 Gem no maas ma kuala no matabirum so gem. geem no maas ma kuala no matabirum so geem 1P.EX PL old.man and wife PL poor.lonely true 1P.EX PRO PL n CNJ n PL ADJ ADJ PRO We old men and women, we are truly forlorn. a14kager.letter2 019 Asen parawe ka leng gutu ba kalame o akap? a- sen parawe ka leng gutu ba kalame o akap S.MKR- what like INDEF day 2TR FUT come or NEG per.mkr- PRO ADJ ART n PRO TNS v CNJ NEG How is it, will you come one day or not? a14kager.letter2 020 Akau nawe gim saen kalame ka pu inasait leng na setaun kalame akau nawe gim sain kalame ka pu asait -in- leng na setaun kalame good suppose 2P feel come INDEF piece tell -NOMR- clear IMPV first come ADJ COND PRO v v ART n vi -vinf- adj ASP adv v lamua. lamua before n

41

It is good if you feel like coming, a little "tok save" must come first before. a14kager.letter2 021 Talaawa ya se kap taktaka uma. talaawa ya se akap dupCVC- taka uma today/now 1S PERF NEG HAB- work garden n PRO ASP NEG ASP- v n Now I don't work in the garden (anymore). a14kager.letter2 022 Ya manman gomsa mu, mama bula awe atia bula. ya manman gomsa mu mama bula a- we atia bula 1S stay without.purpose only mother again S.MKR- say there again PRO v ADV ADV n ADV per.mkr- v LOC ADV I just stay purposelessly. Mother also is like that too. a14kager.letter2 023 Bia mu, no pu inasait la sin gim ase kap. bia mu no pu asait -in- la si -n gim a- se akap that only PL piece tell -NOMR- go DAT -3S.IPM 2P S.MKR- PERF NEG DEM ADV PL n vi -vinf- v ipn -sfx PRO per.mkr- ASP NEG That is all the news to go to you all. It is finished. a14kager.letter2 024 Titi sin gututul arara. titi si -n gututul arara mercy DAT -3S.IPM 2T.OBJ every n ipn -sfx PRO ADJ Mercy to you all. a14kager.letter2 025 Orong naba apati gita arara. orong a- ba a- pati gita arara Lord S.MKR- FUT S.MKR- bless? 1P.INC every n per.mkr- TNS per.mkr- v PRO ADJ God bless all of us. 21/Dec/2000

a15kager.letter3 a15kager.letter3 001 Ya suk taton ngali ya ba atalaa abala lan perper la sin gululu. ya suk taton ngali ya ba atalaa a- bala lan perper la si -n gululu 1S INTENS happy REAS 1S FUT write ADJR- this in leaf go DAT -3S.IPM 2D.OBJ PRO ADV ADJ PREP PRO TNS v pfx- DEM PREP n v ipn -sfx PRO I am very happy to write this letter to you two. a15kager.letter3 002 Geem mu tala geem tino akau mu. geem mu tala geem tino akau mu 1P.EX only here 1P.EX life good only PRO ADV LOC PRO v ADJ ADV We here are doing just fine. a15kager.letter3 003 Asen parawe sin gim tia gim tino akau mu? a- sen parawe si -n gim atia gim tino akau mu S.MKR- what like DAT -3S.IPM 2P there 2P life good only per.mkr- PRO ADJ ipn -sfx PRO LOC PRO v ADJ ADV How is it with you all there? Are you just fine? a15kager.letter3 004 Nawe gim tino akau mu asuk akau, na ga pai Orong Laba nawe gim tino akau mu a- suk akau na ga pai orong laba suppose 2P life good only S.MKR- INTENS good IMPV then praise Lord big COND PRO v ADJ ADV per.mkr- ADV ADJ ASP TIME vt n ADJ sin kan titi sin gita arara. si -n kan titi si -n gita arara DAT -3S.IPM 3S.POSS mercy DAT -3S.IPM 1P.INC every ipn -sfx PRO n ipn -sfx PRO ADJ If you are fine, very good, lets praise God in his mercy to us all. 21/Dec/2000

42

a16kager.letter4 a16kager.letter4 001 Nabing akau la sin gululu Joe ma Jill ma sin tu chi Joel ma nabing akau la si -n gululu Joe ma Jill ma si -n tu chi Joel ma night good go DAT -3S.IPM 2D.OBJ *** and *** and DAT -3S.IPM three child *** and n ADJ v ipn -sfx PRO *** CNJ *** CNJ ipn -sfx PL n *** CNJ Justin, ma Jenna. Justin ma enna *** and name *** CNJ PropN Good night to you two, Joe and Jill and to three children, Joel, Justin and Jenna. a16kager.letter4 002 Ya suk taton ngali num lan perper u ti atal akalame susugu. ya suk taton ngali num lan perper yu ti atalaa a- kalame si -gV 1S INTENS happy REAS 2S.POSS in leaf 2S PST write CAUS- come DAT -1S.IPM PRO ADV ADJ PREP PRO PREP n PRO TNS v pfx- v ipn -sfx I am very happy about your letter wrote and sent to me. a16kager.letter4 003 Ya suk taton buka ngali lasi num lan perper u ta atatal ya suk taton buka ngali lasi num lan perper yu ta dupCV- atalaa 1S INTENS happy very.much REAS see 2S.POSS in leaf 2S REL.CL CONT- write PRO ADV ADJ adv PREP vt PRO PREP n PRO ASP ASP- v taman totore in Nochi asuk akau. taman dupCV- tore ina Nochi a- suk akau INST NOMR- talk GEN Nochi S.MKR- INTENS good PREP ASP- v PREP PropN per.mkr- ADV ADJ I am really very happy to see your letter that you wrote in Nochi language very well. (Grammar consultant take note;) a16kager.letter4 004 Leng ya ta kokoti abia num lan perper sangan bia kaa tamat leng ya ta kokoti abia num lan perper sanga -n bia kaa tamat day 1S REL.CL read that 2S.POSS in leaf close.to -3S.IPM that some man n PRO ASP v DEM PRO PREP n ipn -sfx DEM DEM n num totore asuk akau. num dupCV- tore a- suk akau 2S.POSS NOMR- talk S.MKR- INTENS good PRO ASP- v per.mkr- ADV ADJ The day that I read that letter of yours near some men your talk was very good. a16kager.letter4 005 U suk totore malen ka tamat in Nochi so. yu suk dupCV- tore malen ka tamat ina Nochi so 2S INTENS CONT- talk like INDEF man GEN Nochi true PRO ADV ASP- v ADJ ART n PREP PropN ADJ You really are talking like a true Nochi man. a16kager.letter4 006 Nan kolot dokdok mu ta rom chaka (kadelu - nagelu nochi). nan kolot dokdok mu ta rom chaka kadelu - ka- gelu no -chi DEF place small only REL.CL change badly POSS- 3D - POSS- 1D.EX PL -well ART n ADJ ADV ASP v ADV pfx- PRO - pfx- PRO PL -ADV Just a small place was a little bad (kadelu - nagelu nochi). a16kager.letter4 007 Talaawa cha ya ururungi lan anua, anua akau mu ya kap ati talaawa cha ya dupCV- urungi lan anua anua akau mu ya akap ati today/noyet 1S HAB- sleep in house house good only 1S NEG know n ADV PRO ASP- vi PREP n n ADJ ADV PRO NEG v sin abala no uleng lamua. si -n a- bala no uleng lamua DAT -3S.IPM PL month before ipn -sfx PL n n Now still I am sleeping in (your) house. The house is just fine, I don't know about these months to come. a16kager.letter4 008 Ngali buk Mak geem se nen amusili ararai. ngali buk mak geem se nen amusili arara -i

43

REAS mountain custom 1P.EX PERF look follow completely -TR PREP n n PRO ASP v v ADV -TR About the book of Mark, we finished looking over it. a16kager.letter4 009 Talaawa geem konon ngali puchi bia kaa buk: Eserom Kager apuchi talaawa geem konon ngali puchi bia kaa buk Eserom Kager a- puchi today/now 1P.EX try REAS stir that some mountain Eserom name S.MKR- stir n PRO v PREP vt DEM DEM n PropN PropN per.mkr- vt buk Rom. buk mountain n Now we are trying to turn some other books. Eserom Kager is turning Romans. a16kager.letter4 010 Simeon Sau apuchi buk Ebru. Simion Sau a- puchi buk Ebru Simeon Sau S.MKR- stir mountain Hebrews PropN PropN per.mkr- vt n PropN Simeon Sau is turning Hebrews. a16kager.letter4 011 Enok Kuba apuchi buk 1 Korin. Enok Kuba a- puchi buk 1 Korin name name S.MKR- stir mountain 1 name PropN PropN per.mkr- vt n 1 PropN Enoch Kuba is turning 1 Corinthians. a16kager.letter4 012 Apisai Lamuana apuchi buk 2 Korin. Apisai Lamuana a- puchi buk 2 Korin name name S.MKR- stir mountain 2 name PropN PropN per.mkr- vt n 2 PropN Abishai Lamuana is turning 2 Corinthians. a16kager.letter4 013 Geem kosora tinaka tala mulina giim tia tatan giim. geem kosora -in- taka tala mulina gim -Vm atia tata -n gim -Vm 1P.EX make -NOMR- work here behind 2P -2SIPM there home -3S.IPM 2P -2SIPM PRO v -vinf- v LOC PREP PRO -sfx LOC ipn -sfx PRO -sfx We are making work here after you (went) there to your place. a16kager.letter4 014 Kan kuala Gatgat ila Dina ase met sin 21/ 1/ 99 ma kan kuala Gatgat ila Dina a- se met si -n 21 1 99 ma 3S.POSS wife name this.anim name S.MKR- PERF die DAT -3S.IPM 21 1 99 and PRO n PropN PRO PropN per.mkr- ASP v ipn -sfx 21 1 99 CNJ ila Menabo bula ase met, kan mama Banbanu ti met bula ila Menabo bula a- se met kan mama Banbanu ti met bula this.anim name again S.MKR- PERF die 3S.POSS mother name PST die again PRO PropN ADV per.mkr- ASP v PRO n PropN TNS v ADV sin 21/ 1/ 99 nabing. si -n 21 1 99 nabing DAT -3S.IPM 21 1 99 night ipn -sfx 21 1 99 n Gatgat's wife, Dina, died on 21/1/99 and Menabo also died (Banbanu's mama). She also died on 21/1/99 at night. a16kager.letter4 015 Male bia mu kan titi Orong Laba sin gita arara. malen bia mu kan titi orong laba si -n gita arara like that only 3S.POSS mercy Lord big DAT -3S.IPM 1P.INC every ADJ DEM ADV PRO n n ADJ ipn -sfx PRO ADJ It looks like that is all. God's mercy to us all. 21/Dec/2000

a17kager.letter5 a17kager.letter5 001 Nabing akau la susum ma Jill ma num no chi, geem arara tala geem tino nabing akau la si -Vm ma Jill ma num no chi geem arara tala geem tino

44

night good go DAT -2SIPM and *** and 2S.POSS PL child 1P.EX every here 1P.EX life n ADJ v ipn -sfx CNJ *** CNJ PRO PL n PRO ADJ LOC PRO v akau mu. akau mu good only ADJ ADV Good night to you and Jill and your children, a17kager.letter5 002 O male gim bula awe atia? o malen gim bula a- we atia and like 2P again S.MKR- say there CNJ ADJ PRO ADV per.mkr- v LOC And it looks like you also the same? a17kager.letter5 003 Na ga puchangi akau la sin Orong Laba sin kan titi. na ga puchengi akau la si -n orong laba si -n kan titi IMPV then call good go DAT -3S.IPM Lord big DAT -3S.IPM 3S.POSS mercy ASP TIME vt ADJ v ipn -sfx n ADJ ipn -sfx PRO n Let's thanks God for his mercy. a17kager.letter5 004 Sin 25/ 3/ 99 kommiti di ti kale etudim geem ti totore si -n 25 3 99 kommiti di ti kale e- tudim geem ti dupCV- tore DAT -3S.IPM 25 3 99 committee 3P PST sit recip- gather 1P.EX PST CONT- talk ipn -sfx 25 3 99 n PRO TNS v vpfx- v PRO TNS ASP- v taman tinaka ina puchi lan Perper Pat. taman -in- taka ina puchi lan perper pat INST -NOMR- work GEN stir in leaf holy PREP -vinf- v PREP vt PREP n v On 25/3/99 the committee met. We talked about the work of turning the Bible. a17kager.letter5 005 Kommiti achura ya ngali ya ba asaiti yu ngali u ba adi kaa glass kommiti achura ya ngali ya ba asait -i yu ngali yu ba adi kaa glass committee ask 1S REAS 1S FUT tell -TR 2S REAS 2S FUT get some glasses n v PRO PREP PRO TNS vi -TR PRO PREP PRO TNS v DEM n ngali riidim lan perper (buk). ngali riidim lan perper book REAS read in leaf book PREP v PREP n n The committee asked me to tell you to get some glasses for reading the book. a17kager.letter5 006 Was bula anua akau mu, o rarar di ti pulake amale bia mu. was bula anua akau mu o dupCV- rar di ti pulake a- malen bia mu thing again house good only and NOMR- light 3P PST steal S.MKR- like that only n ADV n ADJ ADV CNJ ASP- v PRO TNS v per.mkr- ADJ DEM ADV Something again, the house is just fine, and (?) they stole the lamp. It looks like that is all. a17kager.letter5 007 Titi sin gim arara. titi si -n gim arara mercy DAT -3S.IPM 2P every n ipn -sfx PRO ADJ Mercy to you all. a17kager.letter5 008 Orong Laba naba apati gim. orong laba a- ba a- pat -i gim Lord big S.MKR- FUT CAUS- holy -TR 2P n ADJ per.mkr- TNS pfx- v -TR PRO God bless you. a17kager.letter5 009 Ya Eserom Kager. ya Eserom Kager 1S Eserom name PRO PropN PropN

45

I am Eserom Kager. 21/Dec/2000

a18bika.letter1 a18bika.letter1 001 Lasiat akau la susum Lee ma num maten anua. lasiat akau la si -Vm Lee ma num maten anua mid_day good go DAT -2SIPM Lee and 2S.POSS front house n ADJ v ipn -sfx PropN CNJ PRO n n Good day to you, Lee, and your family. a18bika.letter1 002 Ya tino akau mu ma bia di lan nugu maten anua bula. ya tino akau mu ma bia di lan nugu maten anua bula 1S life good only and that 3P in 1S.POSS front house also PRO n ADJ ADV CNJ DEM PRO PREP PRO n n ADV My life is just fine and all those in my family, too. a18bika.letter1 003 Asen parawe sin gim tia America, gim tino akau bula? a- sen parawe sin gim atia America gim tino akau bula S.MKR- what like TEMP 2P there America 2P life good also per.mkr- PRO adj PREP PRO LOC PropN PRO n ADJ ADV How are you all there in America, is your life good too? a18bika.letter1 004 Mana awe atia bula malen geem tala Lossu ma Amba. mana a- we atia bula malen geem tala Lesu ma Amba perhaps S.MKR- say there also same 1P.EX here Lossu and Amba ADJ per.mkr- v LOC ADV ADJ PRO LOC PropN CNJ PropN Perhaps it is there also like us here in Lossu and Amba. a18bika.letter1 005 Ila Biang mu ase met. ila Biang mu a- se met this.anim Biang only S.MKR- PERF die PRO PropN ADV per.mkr- ASP v Only Biang died. a18bika.letter1 006 Ila Simion Sau atino akau mu ma ila Peter Lait bula. ila Simion sa yu a- tino akau mu ma ila Peter Lait bula this.anim Simeon what 2S S.MKR- life good only and this.anim Peter Lait also PRO PropN PRO PRO per.mkr- v ADJ ADV CNJ PRO PropN PropN ADV Simeon Sau is just alive good and Peter Lait too. a18bika.letter1 007 Kan tubu Simion ase met cha, mana use ati abia. kan tubu Simion a- se met cha mana yu se ati abia 3S.POSS wife Simeon S.MKR- PERF die yet perhaps 2S PERF know that PRO n PropN per.mkr- ASP v ADV ADJ PRO ASP v DEM Simeon's wife already died, perhaps you already know that. a18bika.letter1 008 Was mu, ya we ina puchangi akau ngali num lawin lala u ti atalaa kalame was mu ya we ina puchengi akau ngali num lawin lala yu ti atalaa kalame thing only 1S say GEN call good REAS 2S.POSS leaf leaf 2S PST write come n ADV PRO v PREP vt ADJ PREP PRO n n PROTNS v v sin ya o ya ga kap atal kisi abia lawin lala la susum. sin ya o ya ga akap atala kis -i abia lawin lala la si -Vm TEMP 1S and 1S then NEG write reply -TR that leaf leaf go DAT -2SIPM PREP PRO CNJ PRO TIME NEG v v -TR DEM n n v ipn -sfx Just one thing, I want to thank you for your letter you wrote [that] came to me and I then didn't answer that letter to go to you a18bika.letter1 009 Ya we una adodo li mu abia. ya we yu na adodo li mu abia 1S say 2S IMPV think throw.out only that PRO v PRO ASP v v ADV DEM I want you to just forget about that. a18bika.letter1 010

46

Ya taton bula ngali lasi poto ina num famili ma kan famili ila ya taton bula ngali lasi poto ina num famili ma kan famili ila 1S happy also PURP look photo GEN 2S_POSS family and 3S.POSS family this.anim PRO adj ADV PREP vt n PREP PRO n CNJ PRO n PRO Mark. Mark Mark PropN I was also happy to see the photo of your family and Mark's family. a18bika.letter1 011 Ya lasi num yaya iwa kan chi Mark ma Christa ma ya suk ya lasi num yaya yia -wa kan chi Mark ma Christa ma ya suk 1S look 2S.POSS grandparent 3S -DEF 3S.POSS child Mark and Christa and 1S very PRO vt PRO n PRO -ART PRO n PropN CNJ PropN CNJ PRO ADV olol buka ta se loot esaga mu. olol buka ta se loot esaga mu surprised very.much REL.CL PERF big hurry only adj adv ASP ASP ADJ v ADV I saw your grandchild, Mark and Christa's child and I was so very surprised that he is big so fast. a18bika.letter1 012 Ya ningning ngali Orong laba naba apati num yaya ya dup- ning ngali orong laba a- ba a- pat -i num yaya 1S HAB- ask PURP Lord big S.MKR- FUT CAUS- holy -TR 2S.POSS grandparent PRO ASP- v PREP n adj per.mkr- TNS pfx- v -TR PRO n dokdok. dokdok small ADJ I pray that God will bless your small grandchild. a18bika.letter1 013 Lawas, ngali tinaka ina puchi totore ina Nochi arom sol lawas ngali -in- taka ina puchi dupCV- tore ina Nochi a- rom sol okay PURP -NOMR- work GEN stir NOMR- talk GEN Nochi S.MKR- change run AFFM PREP -vinf- v PREPvt ASP- v PREP PropN per_mkr- v vi dokdok mu. dokdok mu small only ADJ ADV Okay, about the work of translating the Nochi language it is just going a little bit. a18bika.letter1 014 No komiti di kosara tinaka ina no chinap esue ma no no komiti di kosara tinaka ina no chap -in- e- sue ma no PL committee 3P make work GEN PL arrive -nmzr- recip- gather.together and PL PL n PRO v n PREP PL v -infix- vpfx- vi CNJ PL progrem ina no kalkale. progrem ina no dupCVC- kale program GEN PL NOMR- sit n PREP PL ASP- v The committee is doing work of meeting together and the program of the meeting. a18bika.letter1 015 Was mu ngali biakaa was akap akau no. was mu ngali bia kaa was akap akau no thing only PURP that do_habtl thing NEG good PL n ADV PREP DEM v n NEG ADJ PL Just one thing, because some things are not good. a18bika.letter1 016 Ngali yu, u ba tilchomi geem, komiti ina abala tinaka di ngali yu yu ba til - chomi geem komiti ina a- bala -in- taka di PURP 2S 2S FUT stand - help 1P.EX committee GEN ADJR- this -NOMR- work 3P PREP PRO PRO TNS v - v PRO n PREP pfx- DEM -vinf- v PRO taton o was mu, di we u manman palpala buka. taton o was mu di we yu manman palpala buka happy and thing only 3P say 2S stay far.away very.much

47

ADJ CNJ n ADV PROv PRO v n adv For your helping us, the committee of this work are happy, just one thing, they say that you are much too far away. a18bika.letter1 017 O sin ya, ya san ngali uba tilchomi geem. o sin ya dup saan ngali yu ba til - chomi geem and TEMP 1S PROG like PURP 2S FUT stand - help 1P.EX CNJ PREP PRO ASP v PREP PRO TNS v - v PRO And for me, I'd like for you to help us. a18bika.letter1 018 Amuina Joe akap mager ati totore akau o ya ga we uba ben amuina Joe akap mager ati dupCV- tore akau o ya ga we yu ba ben because Joe NEG not.yet know NOMR- talk good and 1S then say 2S FUT first DISC PropN NEG adv v ASP- v ADJ CNJ PRO TIME v PRO TNS ASP tilchomi geem sin abalawa tinaka. til - chomi geem si -n a- bala -wa -in- taka stand - help 1P.EX DAT -3S.IPM ADJR- this -DEF -NOMR- work v - v PRO ipn -sfx pfx- DEM -ART -vinf- v Because Joe doesn't yet know how to talk good and I then want you to first help us in this work. a18bika.letter1 019 No tiga ina Acts, ya se kosara no, ma Gospel Mathew ataka no tiga ina Acts ya se kosara no ma Gospel Mathew a- taka PL section.chapter GEN Acts 1S PERF make PL and gospel Matthew S.Mkr- work PL n PREP PropN PRO ASP v PL CNJ *** *** per_mkr- v turung ngali taip lan komputa. turung ngali taip lan komputa put PURP type in computer v PREP *** PREP *** The chapters of Acts, I did them, and the gospel of Matthew is ready to type in the computer. a18bika.letter1 020 No tiga sin Gospel John 6-21 akap mager kap. no tiga sin Gospel John 6 -21 akap mager akap PL section.chapter TEMP gospel John 6 -*** NEG not.yet NEG PL n PREP *** *** 6 -*** NEG adv NEG The chapters of John's gospel, 6-21 are not yet finished. a18bika.letter1 021 Ngali Gospel Luke ya ba se tilcholi. ngali Gospel *** ya ba se tilcholi PURP gospel *** 1S FUT PERF start PREP *** *** PRO TNS ASP v About doing the gospel of Luke, I am ready to start. a18bika.letter1 022 Nawe ya ba ararai abala no, ya ba tulen akalame no nawe ya ba arara -i a- bala no ya ba tulen a- kalame no suppose 1S FUT every -TRANS.MKR ADJ- this PL 1S FUT send CAUS- come PL COND PRO TNS ADJ -TR adj_mkr- DEM PL PRO TNS v pfx- v PL susum ngali uba taipim no lan komputa. si -Vm ngali yu ba taip no lan komputa DAT -2SIPM PURP 2S FUT type PL in computer ipn -sfx PREP PRO TNS *** PL PREP *** If I finish them, I will send them to you so you will type them into the computer. a18bika.letter1 023 Nawe u sir ngali abala, ya san ngali u ba asait kalame sin nawe yu sir ngali a- bala ya saan ngali yu ba asait kalame si -n suppose 2S approve REAS ADJR- this 1S like REAS 2S FUT tell come DAT -3S.IPM COND PRO v PREP pfx- DEM PRO v PREP PROTNS vi v ipn -sfx Joe. Joe *** *** If you approve of this, I want you to tell Joe. a18bika.letter1 024 Amuina Joe akap mager atik buka totore in Nochi o

48

amuina Joe akap mager a- tik buka dupCV- tore ina Nochi o because *** NEG not.yet S.MKR- know very.much NOMR- talk GEN Nochi and COND *** NEG adv per.mkr- v adv ASP- v PREP PropN CNJ naba kap ben kosora abala no. a- ba akap ben kosora a- bala no S.MKR- FUT NEG first make ADJR- this PL per.mkr- TNS NEG ASP v pfx- DEM PL Because Joe doesn't yet know the Nochi language very well and will not first do these. a18bika.letter1 025 Was bula Joe naba laa sin Furlough Leave sin meet was bula Joe a- ba la si -n urloug Leave si -n meet thing again *** S.MKR- FUT go DAT -3S.IPM furlough leave DAT -3S.IPM year n ADV *** per.mkr- TNS v ipn -sfx n n ipn -sfx n akuk o ya adodo tinaka naba kap akau. a- kuk o ya adodo -in- taka a- ba akap akau ADJR- one and 1S think -NOMR- work S.MKR- FUT NEG good pfx- NUM CNJ PRO v -vinf- v per.mkr- TNS NEG ADJ Another thing, Joe will go on Furlough for one year and I the work will not go good. a18bika.letter1 026 Ya se papare mi Joe ma ga sir sin abala. ya se dupCV- pare mi Joe ma ga sir si -n a- bala 1S PERF CONT- talk.do ACCOM *** and then approve DAT -3S.IPM ADJR- this PRO ASP ASP- v PREP *** CNJ TIME v ipn -sfx pfx- DEM I have talked with Joe and he approved of this. a18bika.letter1 027 Ya ba papare bula mi komiti talaa lokobel, nawe ya ba ya ba dupCV- pare bula mi komiti talaa lokobel nawe ya ba 1S FUT CONT- talk.do again ACCOM committee there.distant place suppose 1S FUT PRO TNS ASP- v ADV PREP n LOC n COND PRO TNS mula laa lokobel. mula la lokobel return go place vi v n I will talk again with the committee there in the village if (when) I return to the village. a18bika.letter1 028 Ya lasi New Testament ina Kara asekap. ya lasi New *** ina Kara a- se - akap 1S see new *** GEN name ADJR- PERF - NEG PRO vt ADJ *** PREP PropN pfx- ASP - NEG I saw that the NT in Kara is done. a18bika.letter1 030 Ila Ertius Lisam naba laa ngali kosora "dedication" sin 16th ila Ertius Lisam a- ba la ngali kosora dedication si -n 16t this.anim name name S.MKR- FUT go REAS make dedication DAT -3S.IPM 16t PRO PropN PropN per.mkr- TNS v PREP v n ipn -sfx 16t January 1998. anuary 1998 month 1998 PropN 1998 E. Lisam will go to do the dedication on Jan 16, '98. a18bika.letter1 031 Ngali Patpatar ma Sulka kadi no NT ase takaturung no ngali kosora ngali Patpatar ma Sulka kadi no NT a- se takaturung no ngali kosora REAS name and name POSS- 3P PL nt S.MKR- PERF ready PL REAS make PREP PropN CNJ PropN pfx- PRO PL n per.mkr- ASP v PL PREP v "dedication". dedication dedication n For Patpatar and Sulka their NTs are ready for dedication. a18bika.letter1 032 Mana Kuot ma Madara ase atat ngali kap o Nochi asen mana Kuot ma Madara a- se atat ngali akap o Nochi a- sen

49

perhaps name and name S.MKR- PERF near REAS NEG and Nochi S.MKR- what ADJ PropN CNJ PropN per.mkr- ASP PREP PREP NEG CNJ PropN per.mkr- PRO parawe? parawe like ADJ I think Kuot and Mandara are near to finished, and how is it with Nochi? a18bika.letter1 033 Ya lol chaka ngali abala ma balawa ya ga totore mi Joe ya lolbir chaka ngali a- bala ma bala -wa ya ga dupCV- tore mi Joe 1S worry badly REAS ADJR- this and this -DEF 1S then CONT- talk ACCOM *** PRO v ADV PREP pfx- DEM CNJ DEM -ART PRO TIME ASP- v PREP *** ngali uba til chomi ya taman type mulina Joe naba laa leave. ngali yu - ba til chomi ya taman taip mulina Joe a- ba la leave REAS 2S - FUT stand help 1S INST type behind *** S.MKR- FUT go leave PREP PRO - TNS v v PRO PREP *** PREP *** per.mkr- TNS v n I worry badly about this and this that I talked to Joe about you helping me with typing after Joe leaves on leave. a18bika.letter1 034 Bia mu. bia mu that only DEM ADV That is all. a18bika.letter1 035 Orong laba naba manman mi yu ma num famili. orong laba a- ba manman mi yu ma num amili Lord big S.MKR- FUT stay ACCOM 2S and 2S.POSS family n ADJ per.mkr- TNS v PREP PRO CNJ PRO n God be with you and your family. a18bika.letter1 036 B. Bika B Bika 21/Dec/2000

a19bika.letter2 a19bika.letter2 001 Lee ma Laurinda Erickson. Lee ma Laurinda Erickson Lee and name name PropN CNJ PropN PropN a19bika.letter2 002 Ya se chili lawin lala akal sin gululu pan e-mail ya se chil -i lawin lala a- kal si -n gululu pan e- *** 1S PERF hold -TR leaf leaf S.MKR- come_from DAT -3S.IPM 2D.OBJ on recip- *** PRO ASP v -TR n n per.mkr- v ipn -sfx PRO PREP vpfx- *** bia Joe McC arthy ase tali' sin ya talaawa mu lawaring ina bia Joe *** arthy a- se tali' si -n ya talaawa mu lawaring ina that *** *** name S.MKR- PERF give DAT -3S.IPM 1S today/now only morning GEN DEM *** *** PropN per.mkr- ASP v ipn -sfx PROn ADV n PREP abala leng. a- bala leng ADJR- this day pfx- DEM n I am holding the letter that came from you two on e-mail, that Joe McCarthy gave to me now, just the morning of this day. a19bika.letter2 003 Lowas ngali no inasait lan abalawa nagulu lawin lala, ya suk lawas ngali no asait -in- lan a- bala -wa ka- gulu lawin lala ya suk okay REAS PL tell -NOMR- in ADJR- this -DEF POSS- 2D leaf leaf 1S INTENS AFFM PREP PL vi -vinf- PREP pfx- DEM -ART pfx- PRO n n PRO ADV puchangi akau u ta asaiti ya taman num matenanua o famili, gim puchengi akau yu ta asait -i ya taman num maten - anua o amili gim call good 2S REL.CL tell -TR 1S INST 2S.POSS front - house and family 2P vt ADJ PROASP vi -TR PRO PREP PRO n - n CNJ n PRO

50

ta manman akau mu, ta manman akau mu REL.CL stay good only ASP v ADJ ADV Okay about the news in this your letter. I really say thanks that you told me about your family, that you are staying well,.... a19bika.letter2 004 Yu ma num kuala Laurinda ma Katie, ma Christa ma kan makiis, ila yu ma num kuala Laurinda ma Katie ma Christa ma kan makiis ila 2S and 2S.POSS wife name and name and Christa and 3S.POSS husband this.anim PRO CNJ PRO n PropN CNJ PropN CNJ PropN CNJ PRO n PRO Mark ma num yaya bula ila Camille. Mark ma num yaya bula ila amille Mark and 2S.POSS grandparent again this.anim name PropN CNJ PRO n ADV PRO PropN ...you and your wife, Laurinda, and Katie and Christa and her husband, Mark and your granddaughter also, Camille. a19bika.letter2 005 Asuk akau gim ta manman akau mu. a- suk akau gim ta manman akau mu S.MKR- INTENS good 2P REL.CL stay good only per.mkr- ADV ADJ PRO ASP v ADJ ADV It is very good that you are all just fine. a19bika.letter2 006 Oronglaba naba manman ma til amamil sin gim arara orong - laba a- ba manman ma til dupCV- amil si -n gim arara Lord - big S.MKR- FUT stay and stand CONT- come.behind DAT -3S.IPM 2P every n - ADJ per.mkr- TNS v CNJ v ASP- v ipn -sfx PRO ADJ tia America. atia America there America LOC PropN (May) God stay and watch over you all there in America. a19bika.letter2 007 No leng ya kaa ningning ngali gim, sin nagim manman, nagim no leng ya kaa dup- ning ngali gim si -n ka- gim manman ka- gim PL day 1S do.habtl HAB- ask REAS 2P DAT -3S.IPM POSS- 2P stay POSS- 2P PL n PRO v ASP- v PREP PRO ipn -sfx pfx- PRO v pfx- PRO no tinaka tia bula sin gita sin no leng akau ma no leng no -in- taka atia bula si -n gita si -n no leng akau ma no leng PL -NOMR- work there again DAT -3S.IPM 1P.INC DAT -3S.IPM PL day good and PL day PL -vinf- v LOC ADV ipn -sfx PRO ipn -sfx PL n ADJ CNJ PL n chaka bula. chaka bula badly again ADV ADV (Every)day I always keep praying for you, for your stay, your work there also for us on good days and bad days too. a19bika.letter2 008 Ngali nugu famili, geem manman akau bula. ngali nugu amili geem manman akau bula REAS 1S.POSS family 1P.EX stay good again PREP PRO n PRO v ADJ ADV About my family, we are staying well also. a19bika.letter2 009 Eugene ma Jenny delu tino akau mu ma geem bula Amba ma Lossu ma kolot Eugene ma enny delu tino akau mu ma geem bula Amba ma Lesu ma kolot name and name 3D life good only and 1P.EX again Amba and Lossu and place PropN CNJ PropN PRO v ADJ ADV CNJ PRO ADV PropN CNJ PropN CNJ n sin Nochi arara. si -n Nochi arara DAT -3S.IPM Nochi every ipn -sfx PropN ADJ Eugene and Jenny's life is just fine and we also in Amba and Lossu and every place among the Nochi (people). a19bika.letter2 010

51

Mana ya se asaiti taman ila Biang ase met. mana ya se asait -i taman ila Biang a- se met perhaps 1S PERF tell -TR INST this.anim Biang S.MKR- PERF die ADJ PRO ASP vi -TR PREP PRO PropN per.mkr- ASP v I think I told you that Biang died. a19bika.letter2 011 Ila Simion Sau akau mu, Pita ma bia se komiti ina Nochi ila Simion Sau akau mu Pita ma bia se komiti ina Nochi this.anim Simeon Sau good only name and that PERF committee GEN Nochi PRO PropN PropN ADJ ADV PropN CNJ DEM ASP n PREP PropN Translation. translation verb v Simion Sau is just fine, Pita and those committee (members) of the Nochi translation committee. a19bika.letter2 012 Ngali lawin lala ma kukute u ta tulen sin Sau, ya kap ati, Sau ngali lawin lala ma kukute yu ta tulen si -n Sau ya akap ati Sau REAS leaf leaf and money 2S REL.CL send DAT -3S.IPM Sau 1S NEG know Sau PREP n n CNJ n PRO ASP v ipn -sfx PropN PRO NEG v PropN ase chili o akap mager? a- se chil -i o akap mager S.MKR- PERF hold -TR or NEG not.yet per.mkr- ASP v -TR CNJ NEG adv About the letter and money that you sent to Sau, I don't know whether he got it or not yet. a19bika.letter2 013 Ya manman lokobel, Sau akap asaiti ya, nawe ase chili lawin ya manman lokobel Sau akap asait -i ya nawe a- se chil -i lawin 1S stay place Sau NEG tell -TR 1S suppose S.MKR- PERF hold -TR leaf PRO v n PropN NEG vi -TR PRO COND per.mkr- ASP v -TR n lala susum, o akap. lala si -Vm o akap leaf DAT -2SIPM or NEG n ipn -sfx CNJ NEG I am staying in the village, Sau didn't tell me if he got the letter from you or not. a19bika.letter2 014 Nawe ya ba mula, ya ba achura o nawe ase chili o akap, nawe ya ba mula ya ba achura o nawe a- se chil -i o akap suppose 1S FUT return 1S FUT ask and suppose S.MKR- PERF hold -TR or NEG COND PRO TNS vi PRO TNS v CNJ COND per.mkr- ASP v -TR CNJ NEG ya ba atetel kalame ma asaiti yu sebula. ya ba atetel kalame ma asait -i yu se - bula 1S FUT write come and tell -TR 2S PERF - again PRO TNS v v CNJ vi -TR PRO ASP - ADV If I return (to the village) I will ask and whether he got (it) or not I will write (to you) and tell you again. a19bika.letter2 015 Ilawa chi o tamat ta kalame mi ya ila Lamai kan chi ila -wa chi o tamat ta kalame mi ya ila Lamai kan chi this.anim -DEF boy or man REL.CL come ACCOM 1S this.anim name 3S.POSS boy PRO -ART n CNJ n ASP v PREP PRO PRO PropN PRO n ila Pin. ila Pin this.anim name PRO PropN The boy or man who came with me, Lamai, is Pin's son. a19bika.letter2 016 Mana u ati mu. mana yu ati mu perhaps 2S know only ADJ PRO v ADV I think you just know him. a19bika.letter2 017

52

Bia yesan bula, Penias Pin. bia yesa -n bula Penias Pin that name -3S.IPM again name name DEM ipn -sfx ADV PropN PropN His other name is Penias Pin. a19bika.letter2 018 Ti asising sin meet akuk ina Computer talaa ti a- dupCV- sing si -n meet a- kuk ina omputer talaa PST S.MKR- CONT- teach DAT -3S.IPM year ADJR- one GEN noun there.distant TNS per.mkr- ASP- v ipn -sfx n pfx- NUM PREP n LOC Moresby. Moresby name PropN He studied for one year of computers there in Moresby. a19bika.letter2 019 Yia atiki abala tinaka o Esrom Kager ga san yia a- tik -i a- bala -in- taka o es - rom Kager ga saan 3S S.MKR- know -TR ADJR- this -NOMR- work and walk - change name then like PRO per.mkr- v -TR pfx- DEM -vinf- v CNJ vi - v PropN TIME v ngali ma ga tulen mi ya ngali kosora tinaka mi Joe ma Jill tala ngali ma ga tulen mi ya ngali kosora -in- taka mi Joe ma Jill tala REAS and then send ACCOM 1S REAS make -NOMR- work ACCOM *** and *** here PREP CNJ TIME v PREP PRO PREP v -vinf- v PREP *** CNJ *** LOC Ukarumpa. Ukarumpa Ukarumpa PropN He knows that work and E. Kager liked him and sent with me to do work with Joe and Jill here at Ukarumpa. a19bika.letter2 020 Chi mangmangus, akap malen Manuel Bilau ta kap kale ademis nawe gelu chi dupCVC- mangus akap malen *** *** ta akap kale ademis nawe gelu boy HAB- respect? NEG like *** *** REL.CL NEG sit calmly suppose 1D.EX n ASP- v NEG ADJ *** *** ASP NEG v ADV COND PRO le manman tala Ukarumpa mi gululu sin abala tinaka. le manman tala Ukarumpa mi gululu si -n a- bala -in- taka come stay here Ukarumpa ACCOM 2D.OBJ DAT -3S.IPM ADJR- this -NOMR- work v v LOC PropN PREP PRO ipn -sfx pfx- DEM -vinf- v He is a respectful boy, not like M. Bilau who didn't sit calmly when the two of us came to stay here at Ukarumpa with you two for this work. a19bika.letter2 021 Ya lasi, akau naba manman mi ya sin abala tinaka. ya lasi akau a- ba manman mi ya si -n a- bala -in- taka 1S see good S.MKR- FUT stay ACCOM 1S DAT -3S.IPM ADJR- this -NOMR- work PRO vt ADJ per.mkr- TNS v PREP PRO ipn -sfx pfx- DEM -vinf- v I see it is good that he will stay with me for this work. a19bika.letter2 022 Lawas balawa ya we ina se asait taman nugu ines la Israel. lawas bala -wa ya we ina se asait taman nugu es -in- la Israel okay this -DEF 1S say GEN PERF tell INST 1S.POSS walk -NOMR- go place AFFM DEM -ART PRO v PREP ASP vi PREP PRO vi -vinf- v PropN Okay, this is what I wanted to tell about my journey to Israel. a19bika.letter2 023 Ya kap la sin nugu adodo mu, mana Oronglaba cha awe ya akap la si -n nugu adodo mu mana orong - laba cha a- we 1S NEG go DAT -3S.IPM 1S.POSS think only perhaps Lord - big yet S.MKR- say PRO NEG v ipn -sfx PRO v ADV ADJ n - ADJ ADV per.mkr- v ina la lan abia kolot ngali ya ba lasi. ina la lan abia kolot ngali ya ba lasi GEN go in that place REAS 1S FUT see PREP v PREP DEM n PREP PRO TNS vt I didn't go from just my own idea. I think God himself wanted (me to) go to that place so that I would see.

53

a19bika.letter2 024 Setaun ngali ya ba la, ya balang, ma lan abia binalang, di we, ya mi setaun ngali ya ba la ya balang ma lan abia balang -in- di we ya mi first REAS 1S FUT go 1S dream and in that dream -NOMR- 3P say 1S ACCOM adv PREP PRO TNS v PRO v CNJ PREP DEM v -vinf- PRO v PRO PREP biakal geem ba la sin Conference pan yenusa lan kolot Sypres bia bia - kal geem ba la si -n onference pan yenusa lan kolot Sypres bia that - some 1P.EX FUT go DAT -3S.IPM noun on island in place Cypress that DEM - n PRO TNS v ipn -sfx n PREP n PREP n PropN DEM yenusa lan laman Mediterranean Sea. yenusa lan laman Mediterranean Sea island in ocean name sea n PREP n PropN n First so that I could go, I had a dream, and in that dream they said me and some others would go to a conference on the island of Cypress, that island in the ocean (Mediterranean Sea). a19bika.letter2 025 Ya pade sin binalang ma ya ga se ati Orong ase san ya pade si -n balang -in- ma ya ga se ati orong a- se saan 1S awake DAT -3S.IPM dream -NOMR- and 1S then PERF know Lord S.MKR- PERF like PRO v ipn -sfx v -vinf- CNJ PRO TIME ASP v n per.mkr- ASP v ngali ya ba la lan ka kolot. ngali ya ba la lan ka kolot REAS 1S FUT go in INDEF place PREP PRO TNS v PREP ART n I got up from the dream and I knew that God wanted for met o go someplace. a19bika.letter2 026 Manman dokdok mu, kan totore ila Charles Lapa ma Sir Paulias manman dokdok mu kan dupCV- tore ila Charles Lapa ma sir Paulias stay small only 3S.POSS NOMR- talk this.anim name name and approve name v ADJ ADV PRO ASP- v PRO PropN PropN CNJ v PropN Matane, delu san ngali kal ngali la sin abia ines. Matane delu saan ngali kal ngali la si -n abia es -in- name 3D like REAS some REAS go DAT -3S.IPM that walk -NOMR- PropN PRO v PREP n PREP v ipn -sfx DEM vi -vinf- I stayed just a little and word came from Charles Lapa and Sir Paulias Matane, they wanted some (people) to go to that journey. a19bika.letter2 027 Ya se atetel la sin delalu ngali ya ba cho mi di sin ya se atetel la si -n delalu ngali ya ba cho mi di si -n 1S PERF write go DAT -3S.IPM 3D.OBJ REAS 1S FUT join? ACCOM 3P DAT -3S.IPM PRO ASP v v ipn -sfx PRO PREP PRO TNS vi PREP PRO ipn -sfx abia ines. abia es -in- that walk -NOMR- DEM vi -vinf- I wrote to you two about joining with them on that journey. a19bika.letter2 028 Geem sangaul (10) ina no memba in Papua New Guinea geem la lan abia kolot. geem sangaul 10 ina no *** ina *** New *** geem la lan abia kolot 1P.EX ten 10 GEN PL *** GEN *** new *** 1P.EX go in that place PRO NUM 10 PREP PL *** PREP *** ADJ *** PRO v PREP DEM n We ten members from Papua New Guinea went to that place. a19bika.letter2 029 Setaun geem chap Egypt, Cairo ma geem lasi River Nile, no Pyramid ma no setaun geem chap Egypt airo ma geem lasi River Nile no *** ma no first 1P.EX arrive place plaace and 1P.EX see water river PL *** and PL adv PRO v PropN PropN CNJ PRO vt n PropN PL *** CNJ PL kolot ta yes loot Cairo. kolot ta yesa loot airo place REL.CL name big plaace n ASP ipn ADJ PropN First, we arrived at Cairo, Egypt and we saw the Nile river, the pyramids and the areas around Cairo.

54

a19bika.letter2 030 Geem tapas atia geem la tabaki Red Sea lan kolot Suez Canal ma la pan geem tapas atia geem la tabaki *** Sea lan kolot suez anal ma la pan 1P.EX start there 1P.EX go cross *** sea in place place canal and go on PRO v LOC PRO v v *** n PREP n PropN n CNJ v PREP buk Mt. Sinai. buk *** mountain *** n *** We started there (and) we crossed the Red Sea at the Suez Canal and (then) went on Mt. Sinai. a19bika.letter2 032 Geem kaal atia geem la chap Yerusalem. geem kal atia geem la chap *** -Vm 1P.EX come_from there 1P.EX go arrive *** -2SIPM PRO v LOC PRO v v *** -sfx We came from there (and) we arrived at Jerusalem. a19bika.letter2 034 Geem lasi Mt. Olive, City Yerusalem, Bethlehem, Dead Sea, daan ulis Galili geem lasi *** Olive ity Yerusalem Bethlehem *** Sea daan ulis Galili 1P.EX see *** place city Jerusalem place *** sea water round place PRO vt *** PropN n PropN PropN *** n n ADJ PropN Jericho, Kaperanum, Nasaret ma bia no kolot totore ina ta manman lan ericho Kaperanum Nasaret ma bia no kolot dupCV- tore ina ta manman lan Jericho Capernaum Nazareth and that PL place NOMR- talk GEN REL.CL stay in PropN PropN PropN CNJ DEM PL n ASP- v PREP ASP v PREP Baibel. Baibel bible n We saw Mt. Olive, Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Dead sea, the sea of Galilee, Jericho, Caperanaum, Nazareth and those places that are talked about in the bible. a19bika.letter2 035 Geem sol pan mono papan daan Galili. geem sol pan mono dupCV- pan daan Galili 1P.EX run on ship INTS- on water place PRO vi PREP n ASP- PREP n PropN We sailed on a ship on the sea of Galili. a19bika.letter2 036 Akudu met kachap no kolot geem lasi no. a- kudu met kachap no kolot geem lasi no S.MKR- plenty die another.different PL place 1P.EX see PL per.mkr- adv v ADJ PL n PRO vt PL We saw lots and lots of places. a19bika.letter2 037 Lan kolot Dead Sea, Geem chocho pan Cable Car ma la lasi kan kobel Erod lan kolot *** Sea geem chocho pan able ar ma la lasi kan kobel Erod in place *** sea 1P.EX sit on cable car and go see 3S.POSS village Herod PREP n *** n PRO v PREP n n CNJ v vt PRO n PropN lapala suk se. lapala suk se up INTENS PERF n ADV ASP At the Dead Sea we sat on a cable car and went and saw Herod's place way up on top. a19bika.letter2 038 Geem lasi bula kolot bia Peter ta asait we atala "Yu Yesu kan Chi pat geem lasi bula kolot bia Peter ta asait we atala yu Yesu kan chi pat 1P.EX see again place that Peter REL.CL tell say here 2S Jesus 3S.POSS boy holy PRO vt ADV n DEM PropN ASP vi v DEM PRO PropN PRO n v Oronglaba u kalame ngali atoa no inaman". orong - laba yu kalame ngali a- to no inaman Lord - big 2S come REAS CAUS- life PL people n - ADJ PRO v PREP pfx- n PL n

55

We saw also the place where Peter said like this, "You are Jesus the son of God, you came to give life to people." a19bika.letter2 039 Bia kolot di puchangi Sesaira Pilipai, bia kolot lapala pan kuan daan, bia kolot di puchengi Sesaira Pilipai bia kolot lapala pan kua -n daan that place 3P call place Phillipai that place up on head -3S.IPM water DEM n PRO vt PropN PropN DEM n n PREP ipn -sfx n Yoridan. Yoridan Jordan PropN That place called Caesarea Phillipi and that place at the head of the Jordan river. a19bika.letter2 040 Geem tapas Galili, geem la Yoridan ma lasi Mt Nembo, Petra ma no kolot geem tapas Galili geem la Yoridan ma lasi *** Nembo Petra ma no kolot 1P.EX start place 1P.EX go Jordan and see *** name place and PL place PRO v PropN PRO v PropN CNJ vt *** PropN PropN CNJ PL n akudu bia ta manman lan Baibel. a- kudu bia ta manman lan Baibel ADJR- plenty that REL.CL stay in bible pfx- adv DEM ASP v PREP n We started at Galilee, we went to the Jordan and saw Mt. Nebo, Petra and many places there which are in the bible. a19bika.letter2 041 Geem lasi bula kolot bia Yesu ta bapitais tia, ma ya bula ya geem lasi bula kolot bia Yesu ta bapitais atia ma ya bula ya 1P.EX see again place that Jesus REL.CL baptize there and 1S again 1S PRO vt ADV n DEM PropN ASP v LOC CNJ PRO ADV PRO sisil lan abia daan sel Yoridan. dupCV- sil lan abia daan sel Yoridan CONT- wash in that water road Jordan ASP- v PREP DEM n n PropN We saw also the place where Jesus baptized there and I myself washed in that river Jordan. a19bika.letter2 042 Geem tapas Yoridan kalame Singapore ma le chap Papua New Guinea. geem tapas Yoridan kalame Singapore ma le chap Papua New Guinea 1P.EX start Jordan come place and come arrive place new place PRO v PropN v PropN CNJ v v PropN ADJ PropN We took up from the Jordan and came to Singapore and came up to PNG. a19bika.letter2 043 Bia ines asuk akau ma no inaman sin no kantri di la bia es -in- a- suk akau ma no inaman si -n no kantri di la that walk -NOMR- S.MKR- INTENS good and PL people DAT -3S.IPM PL country 3P go DEM vi -vinf- per.mkr- ADV ADJ CNJ PL n ipn -sfx PL n PRO v sin abia no leng, 23 Sept - 10 Oct 1996. si -n abia no leng 23 Sept - 10 Oct 1996 DAT -3S.IPM that PL day 23 month - 10 month 1996 ipn -sfx DEM PL n 23 n - 10 n 1996 That journey was very good and people from (many) countries went during those days. a19bika.letter2 045 Geem sain Nantanua Pat amanman mi geem sin abia ines. geem sain nantanua pat a- manman mi geem si -n abia es -in- 1P.EX feel spirit holy S.MKR- stay ACCOM 1P.EX DAT -3S.IPM that walk -NOMR- PRO v ipn v per.mkr- v PREP PRO ipn -sfx DEM vi -vinf- We felt that the Holy Spirit was with us during that journey. a19bika.letter2 046 Lan city Yerusalem geem lasi, kolot Gechemani, Tomb Upper Room Holy of Holy lan ity Yerusalem geem lasi kolot Gechemani *** upper room *** of *** in city Jerusalem 1P.EX see place place *** upper room *** of *** PREP n PropN PRO vt n PropN *** ADJ n *** PREP *** place Dome of the Rock, Holocus, Golden Gates, kolot di ta puname David ma place Dome of the Rock olocus Golden Gates kolot di ta puname David ma place dome of the rock holocaust golden gates place 3P REL.CL bury name and n n PREP ART n n ADJ n n PRO ASP v PropN CNJ

56

bia kaa kolot bula. bia kaa kolot bula that some place again DEM DEM n ADV In the city of Jerusalem we saw the place Gethsemane, the tomb, the upper room, the holy of holies, the dome of the rock, the holocaust (museum), the golden gates, the place where they buried David and some other places, too. a19bika.letter2 047 Ya suk ta taton buka ngali Oronglaba ta ilei ya ngali ya ya suk ta taton buka ngali orong - laba ta ile -i ya ngali ya 1S INTENS REL.CL happy very.much REAS Lord - big REL.CL call -TR 1S REAS 1S PRO ADV ASP ADJ adv PREP n - ADJ ASP v -TR PRO PREP PRO ba la lasi abia no kolot. ba la lasi abia no kolot FUT go see that PL place TNS v vt DEM PL n I was very, very happy that God called me to go see those places. a19bika.letter2 048 Bia mu o kan titi Oronglaba la susum ma Laurinda ma num bia mu o kan titi orong - laba la si -Vm ma Laurinda ma num that only and 3S.POSS mercy Lord - big go DAT -2SIPM and name and 2S.POSS DEM ADV CNJ PRO n n - ADJ v ipn -sfx CNJ PropN CNJ PRO matenanua arara. maten - anua arara front - house every n - n ADJ That is all and God's mercy to you and Laurinda and your whole household. a19bika.letter2 049 Sin num tat, B. Bika si -n num tat *** Bika DAT -3S.IPM 2S.POSS brother *** name ipn -sfx PRO n *** PropN from your brother, B. Bika 21/Dec/2000

a20bika.ines a20bika.ines 001 Lowas, Ya we ina asait taman nugu ines kalame Ukarumpa lawas ya we ina asait taman nugu es -in- kalame Ukarumpa okay 1S say GEN tell INST 1S.POSS walk -NOMR- come Ukarumpa AFFM PRO v PREP vi PREP PRO vi -vinf- v PropN sangan Joe ma Jill. sanga -n Joe ma Jill close.to -3S.IPM *** and *** ipn -sfx *** CNJ *** Ok, I want to tell about my journey coming to Ukarumpa to be with Joe and Jill. a20bika.ines 002 Lawaring sin Mande, ya takaturungi nugu no mat mara ma ya se lawaring si -n *** ya takaturung -i nugu no mat mara ma ya se morning DAT -3S.IPM *** 1S ready -TR 1S.POSS PL kind thing and 1S PERF n ipn -sfx *** PRO v -TR PRO PL n n CNJ PRO ASP le til lilis lan sel ngali Peri Schlie naba kalame ma le til dupCV- lis lan sel ngali Peri Schlie a- ba kalame ma come stand CONT- wait in road REAS Perry Schlie S.MKR- FUT come and v v ASP- v PREP n PREP PropN PropN per.mkr- TNS v CNJ naba le giwa ya. a- ba le giwa ya S.MKR- FUT comebring 1S per.mkr- TNS v v PRO On Monday morning I got my things ready and I came to wait on the road for Perry Schlie to come and get me. a20bika.ines 003 Ya we anenen, Peri Schlie ase kalame mi ila ya we a- dupCV- nen Peri Schlie a- se kalame mi ila 1S say S.M ?- CONT- look Perry Schlie S.MKR- PERF come ACCOM this.anim PRO v per.mkr- ASP- v PropN PropN per.mkr- ASP v PREP PRO

57

Eserom. Eserom Eserom PropN I saw PS came with Eserom. a20bika.ines 004 Delu se kalame ma delu se le giwa ya ma geem suk sol la Lesu. delu se kalame ma delu se le giwa ya ma geem suk sol la Lesu 3D PERF come and 3D PERF come bring 1S and 1P.EX INTENS run go Lossu PRO ASP v CNJ PRO ASP v v PRO CNJ PRO ADV vi v PropN They came and they got me and we just went to Lossu. a20bika.ines 005 Ge le chap Lesu, ge le akesi ila Penias . geem le chap Lesu geem le akesi ila Penias with 1P.EX come arrive Lossu 1P.EX come take this.anim name name PRO v v PropN PRO v v PRO PropN PropN We arrived at Lossu, we came and got Penias Pin. a20bika.ines 006 Geem suk sol kalame. geem suk sol kalame 1P.EX INTENS run come PRO ADV vi v We just rode and came (to town). a20bika.ines 007 Bia no leng langit. bia no leng langit that PL day rain DEM PL n n It was rainy season. a20bika.ines 008 Geem sol sol sol sol kalame lan sel. geem sol sol sol sol kalame lan sel 1P.EX run run run run come in road PRO vi vi vi vi v PREP n We drove and drove and came on the road. a20bika.ines 009 Ge se le chaka. geem se le chaka 1P.EX PERF come badly PRO ASP v ADV We had a breakdown. a20bika.ines 010 Biaka wil ina solsol apanche. bia ka *** ina dup- sol a- panche that INDEF *** GEN NOMR- run S.MKR- puncture DEM ART *** PREP ASP- vi per.mkr- v One of the wheels of the car was punctured. a20bika.ines 011 Geem kisi abia wil, ma geem sol tapas atia kalame Lemakot ma le giwa geem kis -i abia *** ma geem sol tapas atia kalame *** ma le giwa 1P.EX reply -TR that *** and 1P.EX run start there come *** and come bring PRO v -TR DEM *** CNJ PRO vi v LOC v *** CNJ v v kan kuala Peri Schlie. kan kuala Peri Schlie 3S.POSS wife Perry Schlie PRO n PropN PropN We changed that wheel and we drove from there coming to Lemakot and we got Peri Schlie's wife. a20bika.ines 012 Geem tapas atia geem sol sol sol sol sol sol ma le chap lan inaman laba, geem tapas atia geem sol sol sol sol sol sol ma le chap lan inaman laba 1P.EX start there 1P.EX run run run run run run and come arrive in people big PRO v LOC PRO vi vi vi vi vi vi CNJ v v PREP n ADJ

58

Kavieng Kavieng place PropN We started up there and we drove and drove and came up at Kavieng town. a20bika.ines 013 Ya asaiti Peri Schlie, ya we, "Setaun gita ba la lasi ila Jenny." ya asait -i Peri Schlie ya we setaun gita ba la lasi ila enny 1S tell -TR Perry Schlie 1S say first 1P.INC FUT go see this.anim name PRO vi -TR PropN PropN PRO v adv PRO TNS v vt PRO PropN I told P. S. saying, "First lets go see Jenny." a20bika.ines 014 Ya la chap sangan Jenny o ga achura, ya we, "no ticket ya la chap sanga -n enny o ga achura ya we no ticket 1S go arrive close.to -3S.IPM name and then ask 1S say PL ticket PRO v v ipn -sfx PropN CNJ TIME v PRO v PL n ase takaturung?" a- se takaturung S.MKR- PERF ready per.mkr- ASP v I went up to Jenny and asked saying, "Are the tickets ready?" a20bika.ines 015 Jenny awe, "akap mager. enny a- we akap mager name S.MKR- say NEG not.yet PropN per.mkr- v NEG adv Jenny said, "not yet." a20bika.ines 016 Adi ticket namba o ga la ringim Air Niugini lan ples balus. adi ticket namba o ga la ringim Air Niugini lan ples balus get ticket number and then go call air place in place plane v n n CNJ TIME v v n PropN PREP n n (She) got the ticket number and they went and called Air Niugini at the airport. a20bika.ines 017 O ga we, "No ticket abia di kap mager atalaa. o ga we no ticket abia di akap mager atalaa and then say PL ticket that 3P NEG not.yet write CNJ TIME v PL n DEM PRO NEG adv v And (she) said, "the tickets there are not yet printed." a20bika.ines 018 La ma geem manman dokdok. la ma geem manman dokdok go and 1P.EX stay small v CNJ PRO v ADJ It went on and we stayed a little while. a20bika.ines 019 Ya ma Jenny ma Peri Schlie ma Penias, ge se kaa pan solsol ma ya ma enny ma Peri Schlie ma Penias geem se kaa pan dup- sol ma 1S and name and Perry Schlie and name 1P.EX PERF board on NOMR- run and PRO CNJ PropN CNJ PropN PropN CNJ PropN PRO ASP v PREP ASP- vi CNJ ge se kali tili lan ples balus ma di se la kosora no ticket ma se geem se kali tili lan ples balus ma di se la kosora no ticket ma se 1P.EX PERF walk dir.east in place plane and 3P PERF go make PL ticket and PERF PRO ASP v LOC PREP n n CNJ PRO ASP v v PL n CNJ ASP takaturung abia no. takaturung abia no ready that PL v DEM PL Jenny and I and P.S. and Penias, got in the car and we went that way to the airport and they made the tickets and got them ready. a20bika.ines 020 Geem manman dokdok.

59

geem manman dokdok 1P.EX stay small PRO v ADJ We stayed a little. a20bika.ines 021 Maan ina ANG ase le sol chap. maan ina ANG a- se le sol chap bird GEN ANG S.MKR- PERF come run arrive n PREP PropN per.mkr- ASP v vi v The Air Niugini plane arrived. a20bika.ines 022 Ma no inaman di se takaturung ngali la kaa pan maan. ma no inaman di se takaturung ngali la kaa pan maan and PL people 3P PERF ready REAS go board on bird CNJ PL n PRO ASP v PREP v v PREP n And the people got ready to go board the plane. a20bika.ines 023 Geem kaa pan maan. geem kaa pan maan 1P.EX board on bird PRO v PREP n We boarded the plane. a20bika.ines 024 Geem suk sol kalame Rabaul, Tokua airport. geem suk sol kalame Rabaul Tokua airport 1P.EX INTENS run come place place ples.balus PRO ADV vi v PropN PropN n We just ran came to Rabaul, Tokua airport. a20bika.ines 025 Geem se chul pan maan geem se la lapula. geem se chul pan maan geem se la lapula 1P.EX PERF go.down on bird 1P.EX PERF go down PRO ASP v PREP n PRO ASP v PREP We disembarked from the plane and we went down. a20bika.ines 026 Ge se la manman lilis ma gelulu Penias gelu nen chali sa ba geem se la manman dupCV- lis ma gelulu Penias gelu nen chale -i sa ba 1P.EX PERF go stay CONT- wait and 1D.EX.OBJ name 1D.EX look search -TR who FUT PRO ASP v v ASP- v CNJ PRO PropN PRO v v -TR PRO TNS se, naba se giwa gelulu la lan SIL headquarters. se a- ba se giwa gelulu la lan SIL eadquarters PERF S.MKR- FUT PERF bring 1D.EX.OBJ go in SIL HQ ASP per.mkr- TNS ASP v PRO v PREP Propn We went and stayed waiting and Penias and I were looking around for who would take us to SIL headquarters. a20bika.ines 027 Gelu manman dokdok o ila Lisam ase sol chap. gelu manman dokdok o ila Lisam a- se sol chap 1D.EX stay small and this.anim name S.MKR- PERF run arrive PRO v ADJ CNJ PRO PropN per.mkr- ASP vi v We stayed a little and Lisam drove up. a20bika.ines 028 Awe, "Gulu se tala?" a- we gulu se tala S.MKR- say 2D PERF here per.mkr- v PRO ASP LOC He said, "You are here?" a20bika.ines 029 "Aahh, Geem se tala." Aa geem se tala yes 1P.EX PERF here AFFM PRO ASP LOC "Yes, we are here."

60

a20bika.ines 030 La ma awe, "Gulu na ben manman lilisi ya. la ma a- we gulu na ben manman dupCV- lis -i ya go and S.MKR- say 2D IMPV first stay CONT- wait -TR 1S v CNJ per.mkr- v PRO ASP ASP v ASP- v -TR PRO He went and said, "You two must first stay waiting for me." a20bika.ines 031 Ya ben la nenen ngali yiaka turaga, akal Buka ya ben la dupCV- nen ngali yia ka tura -gV a- kal Buka 1S first go CONT- look REAS 3S INDEF friend -1S.IPM S.MKR- come_from *** PRO ASP v ASP- v PREP PRO ART ipn -sfx per.mkr- v *** pan Airlink." pan Airlink on name PREP PropN "I'll first go and see about another friend of mine coming from Buka on Airlink." a20bika.ines 032 Gelu kali lilis, ala sin biaka papil ina anua ma ga gelu kali dupCV- lis a- la si -n bia ka papil ina anua ma ga 1D.EX walk CONT- wait S.MKR- go DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF some GEN house and then PRO v ASP- v per.mkr- v ipn -sfx DEM ART n PREP n CNJ TIME la nenen ngali aia tamat ta kal Buka. la dupCV- nen ngali aia tamat ta kal Buka go CONT- look REAS that.one man REL.CL come.from BUKA v ASP- v PREP DEM n ASP v PropN We went that way waiting and he went to another area of the building and then went and saw about that man that came from Buka. a20bika.ines 033 Amanman manman manman man, Airlink ase le kol o iwa a- manman manman manman an Airlink a- se le kol o yia -wa S.MKR- stay stay stay stay name S.MKR- PERF come fall and 3S -DEF per.mkr- v v v v PropN per.mkr- ASP v vi CNJ PRO -ART tamat ase chap ga pare sin ila Lisam ga we, "ya tamat a- se chap ga pare si -n ila Lisam ga we ya man S.MKR- PERF arrive then talk.do DAT -3S.IPM this.anim name then say 1S n per.mkr- ASP v TIME v ipn -sfx PRO PropN TIME v PRO ba se kap kalame sangaam. ba se akap kalame sanga -Vm FUT PERF NEG come close.to -2SIPM TNS ASP NEG v ipn -sfx He stayed and stayed, Airlink landed and that man arrived and talked with Lisam and said, "I will not come to your house." a20bika.ines 034 Ya ba se la le tutik pan abia uk maan. ya ba se la le tutik pan abia uk maan 1S FUT PERF go come straight on that same bird PRO TNS ASP v v adj PREP DEM ADJ n I will go and come straight on that same plane. a20bika.ines 035 O Lisam ase kalame ase le giwa gelulu ngali la lan o Lisam a- se kalame a- se le giwa gelulu ngali la lan and name S.MKR- PERF come S.MKR- PERF come bring 1D.EX.OBJ REAS go in CNJ PropN per.mkr- ASP v per.mkr- ASP v v PRO PREP v PREP kan anua. kan anua 3S.POSS house PRO n And Lisam came and got us to go to his house. a20bika.ines 036 Geem la chap tia ge la chek lima mi kan kuala Lisam ma bia di geem la chap atia geem la chek lima mi kan kuala Lisam ma bia di 1P.EX go arrive there 1P.EX go shake hand ACCOM 3S.POSS wife name and that 3P PRO v v LOC PRO v v ipn PREP PRO n PropN CNJ DEM PRO

61

ta manman lan SIL headquarters. ta manman lan SIL eadquarters REL.CL stay in SIL HQ ASP v PREP PropN n We arrived there, we went and shook hands with Lisam's wife and those who live at SIL hq. a20bika.ines 037 Gelu manman tia. gelu manman atia 1D.EX stay there PRO v LOC We stayed there. a20bika.ines 038 Gelu urungi lan library tili lapala pan anua yiaka aina gelu urungi lan *** tili lapala pan anua yia ka aina 1D.EX sleep in *** dir.east up on house 3S INDEF woman PRO vi PREP *** LOC n PREP n PRO ART n amanman tia o Lisam ga palo ngali tali' gelulu ngali gelu a- dup- man atia o Lisam ga palo ngali tali' gelulu ngali gelu S.MKR- CONT- stay there and name then dislike REAS give 1D.EX.OBJ REAS 1D.EX per.mkr- ASP- v LOC CNJ PropN TIME vi PREP v PRO PREP PRO ba la urungi mi aia aina ala awe gulu ba urungi lan ba la urungi mi aia aina a- la a- we gulu ba urungi lan FUT go sleep ACCOM that.one woman S.MKR- go S.MKR- say 2D FUT sleep in TNS v vi PREP DEM n per.mkr- v per.mkr- v PRO TNS vi PREP library lapula. *** lapula *** down *** PREP We slept in the library, upstairs in the house another woman was staying there and Lisam didn't want to send us to go sleep with that woman, he went and said, "You two will sleep in the library downstairs." a20bika.ines 039 Atali' no matteras, bedsheet ma no pillow ma gelu ga urungi atia. a- tali' no matteras bedsheet ma no pillow ma gelu ga urungi atia S.MKR- give PL matteress sheets and PL pillow and 1D.EX then sleep there per.mkr- v PL n n CNJ PL n CNJ PRO TIME vi LOC He gave matteresses, bed sheets and pillows and we then slept there. a20bika.ines 040 Gelu man mamainang. gelu man mamainang 1D.EX stay good PRO v adj We stayed good. a20bika.ines 041 Akap ka was na kosora achote gelulu. akap ka was na kosora achote gelulu NEG INDEF thing ? make hurt 1D.EX.OBJ NEG ART n ASP v v PRO There was nothing that caused us trouble. a20bika.ines 042 Pade lawaring sin takalua, ase giwa gelulu ma ge pade lawaring si -n taka a- lua a- se giwa gelulu ma geem awake morning DAT -3S.IPM work ADJR- two S.MKR- PERF bring 1D.EX.OBJ and 1P.EX v n ipn -sfx v pfx- NUM per.mkr- ASP v PRO CNJ PRO se la lan airport se bula. se la lan airport se bula PERF go in ples.balus PERF again ASP v PREP n ASP ADV On Tuesday he brought us and we went to the airport. a20bika.ines 043 Ge la manman o SIL balus ase kalame ma ga se le chap geem la manman o SIL balus a- se kalame ma ga se le chap 1P.EX go clothing and SIL plane S.MKR- PERF come and then PERF come arrive

62

PRO v n CNJ PropN n per.mkr- ASP v CNJ TIME ASP v v lan airport. lan airport in ples.balus PREP n We went and stayed and the SIL plane came and then arrived at the airport. a20bika.ines 044 Geem adi geem no marang Geem la kaa pan SIL balus. geem adi geem no marang geem la kaa pan SIL balus 1P.EX get 1P.EX PL something 1P.EX go board on SIL plane PRO v PRO PL n PRO v v PREP PropN n We got our stuff and we went and boarded the SIL plane. a20bika.ines 045 Ya, Penias, ma pilot, ma yiaka aina, aina manmanel. ya Penias ma *** ma yia ka aina aina dupCVC- manel 1S name and *** and 3S INDEF woman woman NOMR- ripe PRO PropN CNJ *** CNJ PRO ART n n ASP- v Me, Penias, the pilot and another woman, a white woman. a20bika.ines 046 Bia tadi mu urungi lapala pan anua o gelulu tadu lapula. bia tadi mu urungi lapala pan anua o gelulu tadu lapula that loc.east.up only sleep up on house and 1D.EX.OBJ loc.west.down down DEM LOC ADV vi n PREP n CNJ PRO LOC PREP That (one) who had slept just upstairs in the house and we down below. a20bika.ines 047 Geem tapas atia. geem tapas atia 1P.EX start there PRO v LOC We started there. a20bika.ines 048 Geem sol sol sol sol, bia leng asuk chaka no kelangit amalisa, langit geem sol sol sol sol bia leng a- suk chaka no kelangit amalisa langit 1P.EX run run run run that day S.MKR- INTENS badly PL cloud very.many rain PRO vi vi vi vi DEM n per.mkr- ADV ADV PL n ADJ n ausa, sin abia leng geem ta solsol balus akiskis a- usa si -n abia leng geem ta dup- sol balus a- kiskis S.MKR- pour DAT -3S.IPM that day 1P.EX REL.CL NOMR- run plane S.MKR- rattle per.mkr- v ipn -sfx DEM n PRO ASP ASP- vi n per.mkr- v kudukudu la lapala, la lapula. dup- kudu la lapala la lapula INTS- plenty go up go down ASP- adv v n v PREP We flew on and on, that day was very bad, many clouds, rain poured down, on that day that we flew, the plane was rattling plenty and going up and going down. a20bika.ines 049 Ya ga suk mataa... ya ga suk mataa 1S then INTENS fear PRO TIME ADV vi I was very frightened ... [end of tape :-( ] 21/Dec/2000

a21penias.torongonal.nale a21penias.torongonal.nale 001 Balawa chinchin ina torongonol nale.... bala -wa chinchin ina torongonol nale this -DEF story GEN yesterday afternoon DEM -ART n PREP n n This is a story of yesterday afternoon. a21penias.torongonal.nale 002 bia gelu ta kap tala. bia gelu ta akap tala

63

when 1D.EX REL.CL NEG here REL PRO ASP NEG LOC when we weren't here. a21penias.torongonal.nale 003 Gelu la yawis dokdok. gelu la yawis dokdok 1D.EX go rest small PRO v vi ADJ We went for a small rest. a21penias.torongonal.nale 004 Ya ma Parachi, chi in Finch, gelu la chal sigar sin kadi no ya ma Parachi chi ina *** gelu la chale *** si -n kadi no 1S and name boy GEN *** 1D.EX go search *** DAT -3S.IPM POSS- 3P PL PRO CNJ PropN n PREP *** PRO v v *** ipn -sfx pfx- PRO PL anua no sikuriti. anua no sikuriti house PL security n PL n I and Parachi, a boy from Finchhaffen went to find something to smoke at the security building. a21penias.torongonal.nale 005 Gelu es kalame gelu es mula gelu chap nanua. gelu es kalame gelu es mula gelu chap lan anua 1D.EX walk come 1D.EX walk return 1D.EX arrive in house PRO vi v PRO vi vi PRO v PREP n We walked and came and we walked back and arrived at the house. a21penias.torongonal.nale 006 Bika ase aku. Bika a- se aku name S.MKR- PERF cook PropN per.mkr- ASP v Bika had cooked. a21penias.torongonal.nale 007 Asaiti gelulu ngali chocho tala nanua ngali choka no lukal. asait -i gelulu ngali chocho tala lan anua ngali choka no lukal tell -TR 1D.EX.OBJ REAS sit here in house REAS spear PL food vi -TR PRO PREP v LOC PREP n PREP v PL n He told us to sit here in the house to eat food. a21penias.torongonal.nale 008 Choka no lukal Geem angin kap. choka no lukal geem angin akap spear PL food 1P.EX eat NEG v PL n PRO v NEG We ate the food and we finished eating. a21penias.torongonal.nale 009 Geem se man lilisi ila Joe Patrik. geem se man dupCV- lis -i ila Joe Patrik 1P.EX PERF stay CONT- wait -TR this.anim *** name PRO ASP v ASP- v -TR PRO *** PropN We stayed waiting for Joe Patrick. a21penias.torongonal.nale 010 Geem man dokdok ase chap. geem man dokdok a- se chap 1P.EX stay small S.MKR- PERF arrive PRO v ADJ per.mkr- ASP v We stayed a little and he arrived. a21penias.torongonal.nale 011 Asuk atil choli kokoti Baibel Stadi. a- suk a- til choli kokoti Baibel *** -i S.MKR- INTENS S.MKR- stand hold read bible *** -TR per.mkr- ADV per.mkr- v v v n *** -TR He just began reading the Bible study. a21penias.torongonal.nale 012

64

Geem la angin apupua sin 10 o'clock nabing. geem la angin a- pupua si -n 10 o'clock nabing 1P.EX go eat S.MKR- able DAT -3S.IPM 10 time night PRO v v per.mkr- v ipn -sfx 10 n n We went to eat at around 10 at night. a21penias.torongonal.nale 013 Geem se bula man dokdok ya ma Parachi. geem se bula man dokdok ya ma Parachi 1P.EX PERF again stay small 1S and name PRO ASP ADV v ADJ PRO CNJ PropN We again stayed a little, me and Parachi. a21penias.torongonal.nale 014 O Geem se la urungi. o geem se la urungi and 1P.EX PERF go sleep CNJ PRO ASP v vi And we went to sleep. a21penias.torongonal.nale 015 Bia mu. bia mu that only DEM ADV That is all. 21/Dec/2000

a22talita.dokdok a22talita.dokdok 001 Biaka leng ya mi nugu mom ma nagaa geem ti laa lauteng lan bia ka leng ya mi nugu mom ma nagaa geem ti la lauteng lan that INDEF day 1S ACCOM 1S.POSS father and mother 1P.EX PST go bush in DEM ART n PRO PREP PRO n CNJ n PRO TNS v n PREP uma. uma garden n One day me and my father adn mother went to the bush to the garden. a22talita.dokdok 002 Mom ti adi kula o nagaa ti adi kiis. mom ti adi kula o nagaa ti adi kiis father PST get axe and mother PST get basket n TNS v n CNJ n TNS v n Father got an axe and mother got a basket. a22talita.dokdok 003 Ya ti adi nugu kiis dokdok taman nugu no pu lukal ngali angin ya ti adi nugu kiis dokdok taman nugu no pu lukal ngali angin 1S PST get 1S.POSS basket small INST 1S.POSS PL piece food REAS eat PRO TNS v PRO n ADJ PREP PRO PL n n PREP v sin tail. si -n tail DAT -3S.IPM noon ipn -sfx n I got my small basket for my snack to eat at noon. a22talita.dokdok 004 Geem laa chap lan uma o langit asuk usa. geem la chap lan uma o langit a- suk usa 1P.EX go arrive in garden and rain S.MKR- INTENS pour PRO v v PREP n CNJ n per.mkr- ADV v We went and arrived at the garden and rain just poured. a22talita.dokdok 005 Mom alaa ga kosora pu baul ngali kukui sin ya. mom a- la ga kosora pu baul ngali kukui si -n ya father S.MKR- go then make piece shelter REAS hide DAT -3S.IPM 1S n per.mkr- v TIME v n n PREP v ipn -sfx PRO

65

Father went and made a small shelter for me to hide. a22talita.dokdok 006 Ya ti man lilisi delalu, delu ta taka o nale se getu ti ya ti man dupCV- lis -i delalu delu ta taka o nale se getu ti 1S PST stay INTS- wait -TR 3D.OBJ 3D REL.CL work and afternoon PERF 1T.EX PST PRO TNS v ASP- v -TR PRO PRO ASP v CNJ n ASP PRO TNS ga mula ngen (to) lokobel. ga mula ngen to lokobel then return motion life place TIME vi ASP n n I stayed waiting for them while they worked and in the afternoon we returned to the village. 21/Dec/2000

a23talita.mataa a23talita.mataa 001 Biaka bing ya ti we ina chong o ga kap ka lawin bia ka bing ya ti we ina chong o ga akap ka lawin that INDEF night 1S PST say GEN use.beetlenut and then NEG INDEF leaf DEM ART n PRO TNS v PREP v CNJ TIME NEG ART n sia. sia Beetlenut.pepper n One night I wanted to have buai and didn't have any daka. a23talita.mataa 002 Ya ga adodomi sia ta enngi niu ya ga adodo - mi sia ta en -ngi niu 1S then think - ACCOM Beetlenut.pepper REL.CL climb -causative coconut PRO TIME v - PREP n ASP vi -CAUS n sangan kan anua maal Tachang. sanga -n kan anua maal *** close.to -3S.IPM 3S.POSS house wind *** ipn -sfx PRO n n *** Then I remembered the daka vine that is climbing the coconut tree next to Tachang's house win. a23talita.mataa 003 Ya adi nugu rarar ma laa ngali diki ka lawin sia. ya adi nugu dupCV- rar ma la ngali diki ka lawin sia 1S get 1S.POSS NOMR- light and go REAS pick INDEF leaf Beetlenut.pepper PRO v PRO ASP- v CNJ v PREP v ART n n I got my torch and went to pick some leaf daka. a23talita.mataa 004 Ya we ya nenen laa ya suk lasi chichi ta matmatul papan ya we ya dupCV- nen la ya suk lasi chichi ta dupCVC- matul dupCV- pan 1S say 1S CONT- look go 1S INTENS see snake REL.CL CONT- sleep INTS- on PRO v PRO ASP- v v PRO ADV vt n ASP ASP- v ASP- PREP abia sia, ya ta we ina diki. abia sia ya ta we ina diki that Beetlenut.pepper 1S REL.CL say GEN pick DEM n PRO ASP v PREP v I say, I was looking and I just saw a snake sleeping on that daka that I wanted to pick. a23talita.mataa 005 Ya olol ma suk kup ma pis mula taman minataa. ya olol ma suk kup ma pis mula taman mataa -in- 1S surprised and INTENS shout and jump return INST fear -NOMR- PRO ADJ CNJ ADV v CNJ v vi PREP vi -vinf- I started and just yelled and jumped back with fear. a23talita.mataa 006 Ya se kap mun adi bula ka lawin sia. ya se akap mun adi bula ka lawin sia 1S PERF NEG no.longer get again INDEF leaf Beetlenut.pepper PRO ASP NEG ASP v ADV ART n n I no longer got any of that daka leaf. a23talita.mataa 007

66

Biaa lo chi delu ta alongen abia ya ta kup mataa, delu ga achura ya bia lo chi delu ta alongen abia ya ta kup mataa delu ga achura ya that DUAL boy 3D REL.CL hear that 1S REL.CL shout fear 3D then ask 1S DEM PL n PRO ASP v DEM PRO ASP v vi PRO TIME v PRO ngali sa'we ya ta mataatinae. ngali sa' - we ya ta mataatinae REAS what - say 1S REL.CL afraid.of PREP PRO - v PRO ASP v Those two boys who heard that I had cried out in fear then asked me about what I was afraid of. a23talita.mataa 008 Ya ga asaiti delalu we chichi aida pan niu ya ga asait -i delalu we chichi aida pan niu 1S then tell -TR 3D.OBJ say snake that.one.near.dist on coconut PRO TIME vi -TR PRO v n DEM PREP n sangan no lawin sia. sanga -n no lawin sia close.to -3S.IPM PL leaf Beetlenut.pepper ipn -sfx PL n n Then I told them saying, "there is a snake there on the coconut close to the leaf daka." a23talita.mataa 009 Delu adi kariin paas ma sas amantei. delu adi kariin paas ma sas amantei 3D get very.large stick and fight kill PRO v ADJ n CNJ v v The got a big stick and beat it to death. 21/Dec/2000

a24shirley.dokdok a24shirley.dokdok 001 Sin leng ya ti dokdok, ya ti kap mager kaakaa papan ka si -n leng ya ti dokdok ya ti akap mager dup- kaa dupCV- pan ka DAT -3S.IPM day 1S PST small 1S PST NEG not.yet HAB- board INTS- on INDEF ipn -sfx n PRO TNS ADJ PRO TNS NEG adv ASP- v ASP- PREP ART maan dokdok. maan dokdok bird small n ADJ During the time when I was small, I had not yet gone on a small plane. a24shirley.dokdok 002 Biaka leng, nugu nagaa ti ga met o ya ga kalame papan bia ka leng nugu nagaa ti ga met o ya ga kalame dupCV- pan that INDEF day 1S.POSS mother PST then die and 1S then come INTS- on DEM ART n PRO n TNS TIME v CNJ PRO TIME v ASP- PREP biaka maan dokdok. bia ka maan dokdok that INDEF bird small DEM ART n ADJ One day, my mother died and I came on a small plane. a24shirley.dokdok 003 Sin abia leng, maal mi langit o maan ti ga la la lapala ma ti si -n abia leng maal mi langit o maan ti ga la la lapala ma ti DAT -3S.IPM that day wind ACCOM rain and bird PST then go go up and PST ipn -sfx DEM n n PREP n CNJ n TNS TIME v v n CNJ TNS ga la la lapula. ga la la lapula then go go down TIME v v PREP On that day there was wind and rain so the plane was going up and down. a24shirley.dokdok 004 Ya ti suk mataa chaka ma ya ga suk logochi iwa tamat ta ya ti suk mataa chaka ma ya ga suk logochi yia -wa tamat ta 1S PST INTENS fear badly and 1S then INTENS hold.tight 3S -DEF man REL.CL PRO TNS ADV vi ADV CNJ PRO TIME ADV v PRO -ART n ASP sosolen maan.

67

dupCV- sol -en maan HAB- run -*** bird ASP- vi -*** n I was very badly frightened and so I just held tight to the man who was driving the plane. a24shirley.dokdok 005 Biaa mu ase kap. bia mu a- se akap that only S.MKR- PERF NEG DEM ADV per.mkr- ASP NEG That is all, it is finished. 21/Dec/2000

a25sau.dokdok a25sau.dokdok 001 Sin leng ya ti dokdok. si -n leng ya ti dokdok DAT -3S.IPM day 1S PST small ipn -sfx n PRO TNS ADJ During the time I was small. a25sau.dokdok 002 Ya ti pupua malen Merabu Alpi. ya ti pupua malen Merabu Alpi 1S PST able like name name PRO TNS v ADJ PropN PropN I was about the age of Merabu Alpi. a25sau.dokdok 003 Sin abia leng ya ti kap mager alalen laplap. si -n abia leng ya ti akap mager dupCV- alen laplap DAT -3S.IPM that day 1S PST NEG not.yet HAB- tie.around.waist laplap ipn -sfx DEM n PRO TNS NEG adv ASP- v n During that time I hadn't yet started wearing a laplap a25sau.dokdok 004 Sin abia leng ya ti matmatul mi nugu yaya lan si -n abia leng ya ti dupCVC- matul mi nugu yaya lan DAT -3S.IPM that day 1S PST HAB- sleep ACCOM 1S.POSS grandparent in ipn -sfx DEM n PRO TNS ASP- v PREP PRO n PREP anuen kulau. anua -n kulau house -3S.IPM young.man n -sfx n During that time I slept with my grandfather in the men's house. a25sau.dokdok 005 Biaka leng nugu yaya asaiti ya, gelu ta se matmatul bia ka leng nugu yaya asait -i ya gelu ta se dupCVC- matul that INDEF day 1S.POSS grandparent tell -TR 1S 1D.EX REL.CL PERF CONT- sleep DEM ART n PRO n vi -TR PRO PRO ASP ASP ASP- v pan nagelu ibe. pan ka- gelu ibe on POSS- 1D.EX bed PREP pfx- PRO n One day my grandfather told me when we were sleeping on our bed, a25sau.dokdok 006 Ga asaiti ya ngali gita ba la laluma. ga asait -i ya ngali gita ba la lan - uma then tell -TR 1S REAS 1P.INC FUT go in - garden TIME vi -TR PRO PREP PRO TNS v PREP - n then he told me that, "we will go to the garden." a25sau.dokdok 007 Mil gelu se pade lawaring. mil gelu se pade lawaring later 1D.EX PERF awake morning adv PRO ASP v n Later we got up in the morning,

68

a25sau.dokdok 008 Nugu mama ase le tabali gelulu taman tin paa ma no nugu mama a- se le tabali gelulu taman tin paa ma no 1S.POSS mother S.MKR- PERF come feed 1D.EX.OBJ INST mumu.bundle taro and PL PRO n per.mkr- ASP v v PRO PREP n n CNJ PL ngane (pu bool ma mutil). ngane pu bool ma mutil meat piece pig and aibika n n n CNJ n My mama came and fed us with a mumu bundle of taro and meat (piece of pork and aibika.) a25sau.dokdok 009 Mil gelu se la sin tinaka. mil gelu se la si -n -in- taka later 1D.EX PERF go DAT -3S.IPM -NOMR- work adv PRO ASP v ipn -sfx -vinf- v Later we went to work. a25sau.dokdok 010 Biamu. Ase kap. bia - mu a- se akap that - only S.MKR- PERF NEG DEM - ADV per.mkr- ASP NEG That is all, the end. 21/Dec/2000

a26sau.maan a26sau.maan 001 Sin biaka leng ya la chubil maan lauteng. si -n bia ka leng ya la chubil maan lauteng DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day 1S go hunt bird bush ipn -sfx DEM ART n PRO v v n n One day I went to hunt birds in the bush. a26sau.maan 002 Ya ti la tatanginei buna ta tumara kan uni. ya ti la tatanginei buna ta tumara kan uni 1S PST go find.at.place dove REL.CL make 3S.POSS nest PRO TNS v v n ASP v PRO n I went and found a dove that was making it's nest. a26sau.maan 003 Mil ya ti adodomi se bula aia maan ya ti la tatanginei. mil ya ti adodo - mi se bula aia maan ya ti la tatanginei later 1S PST think - ACCOM PERF again that.one bird 1S PST go find.at.place adv PRO TNS v - PREP ASP ADV DEM n PRO TNS v v Later I remembered again that bird I went and found. a26sau.maan 004 Sin biaka leng ya se bula la tutik sin maan ta se si -n bia ka leng ya se bula la tutik si -n maan ta se DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day 1S PERF again go straight DAT -3S.IPM bird REL.CL PERF ipn -sfx DEM ART n PRO ASP ADV v adj ipn -sfx n ASP ASP matmatul pan kano katul. dupCVC- matul pan kano katul CONT- sleep on POSS- PL POSS- three ASP- v PREP pfx- PL pfx- NUM On another day I again went straight to the bird which was sleeping on it's eggs. a26sau.maan 005 Male nawa ya ba se bula la mula. malen nawa ya ba se bula la mula like tomorrow 1S FUT PERF again go return ADJ n PRO TNS ASP ADV v vi I think tomorrow I will again go back (said to self?). a26sau.maan 006 Ya se adodomi, ya ba kosora man rongrong ngali naba chiga ya se adodo - mi ya ba kosora man rongrong ngali a- ba chiga 1S PERF think - ACCOM 1S FUT make 3S.BEN.ED cage.trap REAS S.MKR- FUT enter

69

PRO ASP v - PREP PRO TNS v PRO n PREP per.mkr- TNS v lalan. dupCV- lan INTS- in ASP- PREP I remembered and I will make it a cage so that it will go in. a26sau.maan 007 Mil ya la kosora man rongrong ngali achina. mil ya la kosora man rongrong ngali achina later 1S go make 3S.BEN cage.trap REAS trap adv PRO v v PRO n PREP n Later I went and made it's cage to trap it. a26sau.maan 008 Ya adi, ya ga se la sune taman lan kolot ina sune. ya adi ya ga se la sune taman lan kolot ina sune 1S get 1S then PERF go sell INST in place GEN sell PRO v PRO TIME ASP v v PREP PREP n PREP v I got it and then I went and sold it at the market. a26sau.maan 009 Ya adi no sangaul alua (K2). ya adi no sangaul a- lua *** 1S get PL ten ADJR- two *** PRO v PL NUM pfx- NUM *** I got two tens (two kina). 21/Dec/2000

a27sau.kapu a27sau.kapu 001 Yiaka tamat, sin biaka leng alaa chal kapu yia ka tamat si -n bia ka leng a- la chale kapu 3S INDEF man DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day S.MKR- go search lizard.sp PRO ART n ipn -sfx DEM ART n per.mkr- v v PropN ngali pili kan kilkil ngali 'kudu. ngali pili kan kilkil ngali 'kudu REAS skin 3S.POSS skin REAS kundu.drum PREP v PRO n PREP n A man one day went to find a kapu to skin it's hide for a kundu drum. a27sau.kapu 002 Ase mara chachal. a- se mara dupCV- chale S.MKR- PERF persistantly CONT- search per.mkr- ASP ASP ASP- v He searched for a very long time. a27sau.kapu 003 Mil aes la o ga lasi kapu lan kan mat paina lia. mil a- es la o ga lasi kapu lan kan mat paina lia later S.MKR- walk go and then see lizard.sp in 3S.POSS hole underneath cave adv per.mkr- vi v CNJ TIME vt PropN PREP PRO n PREP n Later he went and saw a kapu in it's hole under a cave. a27sau.kapu 004 O mil ga kosora achina ngali kapu naba achina. o mil ga kosora achina ngali kapu a- ba achina and later then make trap REAS lizard.sp S.MKR- FUT trap CNJ adv TIME v n PREP PropN per.mkr- TNS n And later the made a trap for the kapu to be trapped. a27sau.kapu 005 Tamat alaa ma ga tale sobuk, o ga bali' paina tamat a- la ma ga tale sobuk o ga bali' paina man S.MKR- go and then cut bamboo.cup and then drill.small.hole underneath n per.mkr- v CNJ TIME v n CNJ TIME v PREP abia sobuk, ga mat dokdok mu. abia sobuk ga mat dokdok mu that bamboo.cup then hole small only

70

DEM n TIME n ADJ ADV The man went adn then cut a bamboo cup and then drilled a small hole under that cup and then (there was) just a small hole. a27sau.kapu 006 Mil iwa tamat alaa chalei ma'ka, marewa kapu. mil yia -wa tamat a- la chale -i ma'ka marewa kapu later 3S -DEF man S.MKR- go search -TR 3S.BEN.ED bait lizard.sp adv PRO -ART n per.mkr- v v -TR PRO n PropN Later that man went and searched for some bait for the kapu. a27sau.kapu 008 Ga se la tatanginei no guma. ga se la tatanginei no guma then PERF go find.at.place PL hermit.crab TIME ASP v v PL n Then he went and found hermit crabs. a27sau.kapu 009 Ala ma ga pachali no o ga tali' laa lan sobuk. a- la ma ga pachali no o ga tali' la lan sobuk S.MKR- go and then break.btwn.2.stones PL and then give go in bamboo.cup per.mkr- v CNJ TIME v PL CNJ TIME v v PREP n He went and broke them between two stones and then gave then in the cup. a27sau.kapu 011 Kapu ausngi no guma ga laa ngali ngane' talaa kapu a- us -ngi no guma ga la ngali ngane' talaa lizard.sp S.MKR- smell -TR PL hermit.crab then go REAS eat there.distant PropN per.mkr- v -TR PL n TIME v PREP v LOC lan sobuk. lan sobuk in bamboo.cup PREP n The kapu smelled the crabs and then went to eat there in the cup. a27sau.kapu 012 Asuk pate talaa lan sobuk o ase kap pupua a- suk pate talaa lan sobuk o a- se akap pupua S.MKR- INTENS stuck there.distant in bamboo.cup and S.MKR- PERF NEG able per.mkr- ADV v LOC PREP n CNJ per.mkr- ASP NEG v ngali suka mula o tamat ga chaapi. ngali suka mula o tamat ga chaapi REAS go.backwards return and man then kill PREP v vi CNJ n TIME v It was just stuck there in the cup and not able to back out and the man smashed it dead. 21/Dec/2000

a28sau.mataa a28sau.mataa 001 Yiaka tamat yesan Lamai o yiaka Saimon. yia ka tamat yesa -n Lamai o yia ka Saimon 3S INDEF man name -3S.IPM name and 3S INDEF Simon PRO ART n ipn -sfx PropN CNJ PRO ART PropN There was a man named Lamai and another named Simon. a28sau.mataa 002 Lamai ma Saimon lo masin kan pasoko. Lamai ma Saimon lo masin kan pasoko name and Simon DUAL man's_brother 3S.POSS friend PropN CNJ PropN PL n PRO n Lamai and Simon were best friends. a28sau.mataa 003 Sin biaka leng Lamai apulake kan "pen" Saimon. si -n bia ka leng Lamai a- pulake kan pen Saimon DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day name S.MKR- steal 3S.POSS pen Simon ipn -sfx DEM ART n PropN per.mkr- v PRO n PropN One day Lamai stole Simon's pen. a28sau.mataa 004 Saimon asuk magaa buka o ga chalei Lamai.

71

Saimon a- suk magaa buka o ga chale -i Lamai Simon S.MKR- INTENS angry very.much and then search -TR name PropN per.mkr- ADV ADJ adv CNJ TIME v -TR PropN Simon was very, very angry and so he went looking for Lamai. a28sau.mataa 005 Mil ga la tatangina Lamai. mil ga la tatanginei Lamai later then go find.at.place name adv TIME v v PropN Later he went and found Lamai. a28sau.mataa 006 "Lamai u adi nugu pen?" Lamai yu adi nugu pen name 2S get 1S.POSS pen PropN PRO v PRO n "Lamai did you take my pen?" a28sau.mataa 007 "Akap." akap NEG NEG "No!" a28sau.mataa 008 "U dare". yu dare 2S lie PRO v "Liar!" a28sau.mataa 009 Saimon ala ma taba'i. Saimon a- la ma taba'i Simon S.MKR- go and slap PropN per.mkr- v CNJ v Simon went and slapped (him). a28sau.mataa 010 Mil Lamai ala sangan Saimon ga la putik putput mil Lamai a- la sanga -n Saimon ga la putik putput later name S.MKR- go close.to -3S.IPM Simon then go bend knee adv PropN per.mkr- v ipn -sfx PropN TIME v v n sangan. sanga -n close.to -3S.IPM ipn -sfx Later Lamai went near Simon and knelt down near him. a28sau.mataa 011 Mil Lamai asuk mataa ta we naba la lan anua lodo. mil Lamai a- suk mataa ta we a- ba la lan anua lodo later name S.MKR- INTENS fear REL.CL say S.MKR- FUT go in house tudak adv PropN per.mkr- ADV vi ASP v per.mkr- TNS v PREP n n Later Lamai was afraid thinking that he might go to jail (nogut bai go long anua lodo). a28sau.mataa 012 Biabe ga la putik putput sangan Saimon. bia -be ga la putik putput sanga -n Saimon that -REASON then go bend knee close.to -3S.IPM Simon DEM -Logical TIME v v n ipn -sfx PropN That is why he went and bowed his knee before Simon. 21/Dec/2000

a29sau.mes.kangkang a29sau.mes.kangkang 002 Ti lamua nugu yaya asaiti ya taman biaka chinchin. ti lamua nugu yaya asait -i ya taman bia ka chinchin PST before 1S.POSS grandparentell -TR1S INST that INDEF story

72

TNS n PRO n vi -TRPROPREP DEM ART n It was before my mother told me about that story. a29sau.mes.kangkang 003 Yaya ti we, "Una alongen chinchin ina Mes ma Kangkang delu ti yaya ti we yu na alongen chinchin ina mes ma Kangkang delu ti grandparent PST say 2S IMPV hear story GEN bird.sp and Fish.Eagle 3D PST n TNS v PRO ASP v n PREP PropN CNJ PropN PRO TNS esingi taman namang ina chuchulao." e- sing -i taman namang ina dupCV- chulao recip- teach -TR INST custom GEN CONT- fish vpfx- v -TR PREP n PREP ASP- v Grandfather said, "You listen to the story of the Mes and the Kangkang, they were teaching each other about the custom of fishing. a29sau.mes.kangkang 004 Sin biaka leng Mes ala tatangina Kangkang ga we, si -n bia ka leng mes a- la tatanginei Kangkang ga we DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day bird.sp S.MKR- go find.at.place Fish.Eagle then say ipn -sfx DEM ART n PropN per.mkr- v v PropN TIME v "Mes use chap?" mes yu se chap bird.sp 2S PERF arrive PropN PRO ASP v One day the Mes went and found Kangkang and (Kungkung) said, "Mes, are you here?" a29sau.mes.kangkang 005 " Yao! yao yes excl "Yes" a29sau.mes.kangkang 006 "Chocho tia, lowas, lolong akau. chocho atia lowas dupCV- long akau sit there okay INTENS- hear good v LOC AFFM ASP- v ADJ Sit there and listen well. a29sau.mes.kangkang 007 Ya ba se asingan yu taman makmaker ina chuchulao," O Kangkang ya ba se asingan yu taman makmaker ina dupCV- chulao o Kangkang 1S FUT PERF teach 2S INST magic GEN CONT- fish and Fish.Eagle PRO TNS ASP v PRO PREP n PREP ASP- v CNJ PropN asuk asingan Mes. a- suk asingan mes S.MKR- INTENS teach bird.sp per.mkr- ADV v PropN "I am about to teach you about the magic of fishing," and the Kangkang just taught the Mes. a29sau.mes.kangkang 008 Mil Kangkang awe, "U ba se kanon. mil Kangkang a- we yu ba se kanon later Fish.Eagle S.MKR- say 2S FUT PERF try adv PropN per.mkr- v PRO TNS ASP v Later K said, "You are about to try." a29sau.mes.kangkang 009 Kangkang akap ati talaga ta kale kukui. Kangkang akap ati talaga ta kale kukui Fish.Eagle NEG know bird.sp REL.CL sit hide PropN NEG v PropN ASP v v K didn't know that the Talaga was sitting hiding... a29sau.mes.kangkang 010 ma ga alongen choli kan makmaker Kangkang ta asingan Mes. ma ga alongen choli kan makmaker Kangkang ta asingan mes and then hear hold 3S.POSS magic Fish.Eagle REL.CL teach bird.sp CNJ TIME v v PRO n PropN ASP v PropN

73

...and heard caught the K's magic that he had taught the Mes. a29sau.mes.kangkang 011 Mil Kangkang ase tulen Mes, "chul maa ngali u ba lukui mil Kangkang a- se tulen mes chul maa ngali yu ba lukui later Fish.Eagle S.MKR- PERF send bird.sp go.down now PURP 2S FUT grab.catch adv PropN per.mkr- ASP v PropN v adv PREP PRO TNS v maam ka ko. maam ka ko 2S.Ben.ed INDEF fish PRO ART n Later K sent M, "go down now so that you can catch yourself some fish. a29sau.mes.kangkang 012 Mes alo kalu lan daan asuk lukui man mes a- lo kalu lan daan a- suk lukui man bird.sp SUBJ.AGR- fly go.west in water S.MKR- INTENS grab.catch 3S.Ben.ed PropN per_mkr- v v PREP n per.mkr- ADV v PRO yaraga. yaraga seaweed n M flew going down in the water and just caught himself some seaweed. a29sau.mes.kangkang 013 Kangkang asuk magaa buka sin ta lasi talaga ta lo, o Kangkang a- suk magaa buka sin ta lasi talaga ta lo o Fish.Eagle S.MKR- INTENS angry very.much TEMP REL.CL look bird.sp ?pst fly and PropN per.mkr- ADV adj adv PREP ASP vt PropN ASP v CNJ kalu lan daan ma ga lukui man ko. kalu lan daan ma ga lukui man ko go.west in water and then grab.catch 3S.Ben.ed fish v PREP n CNJ TIME v PRO n K was very, very angry when he saw that Talaga flew down in the water and caught himself a fish. a29sau.mes.kangkang 014 Lowas balawa chinchin asaiti gita ngali gita ba long inana lowas bala -wa chinchin asait -i gita ngali gita ba long inana okay this -DEF story tell -TRANS.MKR 1P.INC PURP 1P.INC FUT hear advice AFFM DEM -ART n vi -TR PRO PREP PRO TNS v n sin kida no nagaa ma kida no mom. si -n kida no nagaa ma kida no mom DAT -3S.IPM 1D.INC.POSS PL mother and 1D.INC.POSS PL father ipn -sfx PRO PL n CNJ PRO PL n Okay, this story tells us that we will hear advice from our parents. a29sau.mes.kangkang 015 Ngali, gita ba chap no tamat akau ma no unlolong ma gita, no ngali gita ba chap no tamat akau ma no un- dupCV- long ma gita no PURP 1P.INC FUT arrive PL man good andPL AGNT- CONT- hear and 1P.INC PL PREP PRO TNS v PL n ADJ CNJPL pfx- ASP- v CNJ PRO PL unmangmangle un- dupCVC- mangle AGNT- HAB- respect pfx- ASP- n So that we will become good men and listeners adn respectful. a29sau.mes.kangkang 016 Gita na kap malen Mes ti kap longmi no inana sin gita na akap malen mes ti akap long - mi no inana si -n 1P.INC IMPV NEG like bird.sp PST NEG hear - ACCOM PL advice DAT -3S.IPM PRO ASP NEG ADJ PropN TNS NEG v - PREP PL n ipn -sfx Kangkang. Kangkang Fish.Eagle PropN We must not be like M who didn't listen to the advice from K. a29sau.mes.kangkang 017

74

Talaawa gita lasi Mes. Mes akap lolong sin Kangkang, talaawa gita lasi mes mes akap dupCV- long si -n Kangkang today/now 1P.INC see bird.sp bird.sp NEG CONT- hear DAT -3S.IPM Fish.Eagle n PRO vt PropN PropN NEG ASP- v ipn -sfx PropN alulu yaraga, ma rokrok, kapuul. a- dup- lukui yaraga ma rokrok kapuul S.MKR- HAB- grab.catch seaweed and frog rotten per.mkr- ASP- v n CNJ n v Now we see M. Mes didn't listen from K and always gets seaweed and rotten frogs. a29sau.mes.kangkang 018 Lowas gita lasi talaga sin kan tino, yia tamat akau. lawas gita lasi talaga si -n kan tino yia tamat akau okay 1P.INC see bird.sp DAT -3S.IPM 3S.POSS life 3S man good AFFM PRO vt PropN ipn -sfx PRO v PRO n ADJ Okay, we see Talaga for his life, he is a good man. a29sau.mes.kangkang 019 Yia unlolong akau, no isuan ga chap akau sin sisil. yia un- dupCV- long akau no isua -n ga chap akau si -n dupCV- sil 3S AGNT- HAB- hear good PL skin -3S.IPM then arrive good DAT -3S.IPM CONT- wash PRO pfx- ASP- v ADJ PL ipn -sfx TIME v ADJ ipn -sfx ASP- v He is a good listener and his skin becomes good from washing. 21/Dec/2000

a30stanley.dokdok a30stanley.dokdok 001 Sin leng ya ti dokdok mom ma nagaa delu ti suk palo ngali si -n leng ya ti dokdok mom ma nagaa delu ti suk palo ngali DAT -3S.IPM day 1S PST small father and mother 3D PST INTENS dislike REAS ipn -sfx n PRO TNS ADJ n CNJ n PRO TNS ADV vi PREP ina lolong chaka sin delulu. ina dupCV- long chaka si -n delalu GEN HAB- hear badly DAT -3S.IPM 3D.OBJ PREP ASP- v ADV ipn -sfx PRO When I was small, Dad and Mom really disliked for me to listen badly ("save bikhet") to them. a30stanley.dokdok 002 Biaka leng ya ti kap takawiti mara mom ti san bia ka leng ya ti akap taka wit -i mara mom ti saan that INDEF day 1S PST NEG work to.have.enough -TR thing father PST like DEM ART n PROTNS NEG v v -TR n n TNS v ngali ina kosora. ngali ina kosora REAS GEN make PREP PREP v One day I did not do properly ("mekim inap") something Dad wanted done. a30stanley.dokdok 003 Mara ya ti kap takawiti ti kosora mom ma ti ga suk mara ya ti akap taka wit -i ti kosora mom ma ti ga suk thing 1S PST NEG work to.have.enough -TR PST make father and PST then INTENS n PRO TNS NEG v v -TR TNS v n CNJ TNS TIME ADV magaa buka ngali ya. magaa buka ngali ya angry very.much REAS 1S ADJ adv PREP PRO The thing I didn't do right made Dad very, very angry with me. a30stanley.dokdok 004 Mom ti suk magaa buka, ti we na suk ririti ya. mom ti suk magaa buka ti we ina suk dupCV- riti ya father PST INTENS angry very.much PST say GEN INTENS CONT- strongly 1S n TNS ADV ADJ adv TNS v PREP ADV ASP- ADV PRO Dad was really very angry and wanted to really spank me. a30stanley.dokdok 005 Amuina ya ti lasi paas lan no liman mom ya ti ga suk sol. amuina ya ti lasi paas lan no lima -n mom ya ti ga suk sol because 1S PST see stick in PL hand -3S.IPM father 1S PST then INTENS run

75

COND PRO TNS vt n PREP PL ipn -sfx n PRO TNS TIME ADV vi Because I saw the stick in Dad's hand, I just ran. a30stanley.dokdok 006 Mom ti sol amusili ya o ti ga kap pupua. mom ti sol amusili ya o ti ga akap pupua father PST run follow 1S and PST then NEG able n TNS vi v PRO CNJ TNS TIME NEG v Dad ran after me but was not able (to catch me). a30stanley.dokdok 007 Amuina mom ti kap pupua ngali chili ya, ti ga tulen no tuba chi ngali amuina mom ti akap pupua ngali chil -i ya ti ga tulen no tuba chi ngali because father PST NEG able REAS hold -TR 1S PST then send PL many boy REAS COND n TNS NEG v PREP v -TR PRO TNS TIME v PL ADJ n PREP kalili ya. kalili ya chase 1S v PRO Because Dad was not able to catch me, he sent a gang of boys to chase me. a30stanley.dokdok 008 No chi di ti chil tali' ya sin mom o mom ti ga suk ros no chi di ti chil tali' ya si -n mom o mom ti ga suk roch PL boy 3P PST hold give 1S DAT -3S.IPM father and father PST then INTENS tie PL n PRO TNS v v PRO ipn -sfx n CNJ n TNS TIME ADV v tali' ya sin muina Kau taman sua. tali' ya si -n muina kau taman sua give 1S DAT -3S.IPM source Pau.nut.tree INST rope v PRO ipn -sfx n n PREP n The boys held and gave me to Dad and then Dad just tied me to the base of a Pau nut tree. a30stanley.dokdok 009 Mom ti ros ararai ya o ga tulen no tuba chi ngali la adi ka mom ti roch arara -i ya o ga tulen no tuba chi ngali la adi ka father PST tie completely -TR 1S and then send PL many boy REAS go get INDEF n TNS v ADV -TR PRO CNJ TIME v PL ADJ n PREP v v ART pak lal ngali li papan ya. pak lal ngali li dupCV- pan ya ant.nest ant.sp REAS throw.out INTS- on 1S n n PREP v ASP- PREP PRO Dad finished tying me and then sent the gang of kids to go get an ant nest to throw on top of me. a30stanley.dokdok 010 Mulina abia no mara arara, mom ti ga lubati maaba sua o ga tulen mulina abia no mara arara mom ti ga lubati mamba sua o ga tulen behind that PL thing every father PST then untie now.later rope and then send PREP DEM PL n ADJ n TNS TIME v n n CNJ TIME v ya ngali la sisil. ya ngali la dupCV- sil 1S REAS go CONT- wash PRO PREP v ASP- v After those things happened, Dad then untied (?) the rope and then sent me to wash. a30stanley.dokdok 011 Balawa mamaket ya ti adi sin ya ti dokdok ya kap pupua ngali bala -wa dupCV- maket ya ti adi si -n ya ti dokdok ya akap pupua ngali this -DEF NOMR- heavy 1S PST get DAT -3S.IPM 1S PST small 1S NEG able REAS DEM -ART ASP- ADJ PRO TNS v ipn -sfx PRO TNS ADJ PRO NEG v PREP adodoli. adodo - li think - throw.out v - v This problem I had when I was small I have not been able to forget. a30stanley.dokdok 012 Ya ati male balawa mamaket ti giwa ya la lan sel ta mamainang. ya ati malen bala -wa dupCV- maket ti giwa ya la lan sel ta mamainang 1S know like this -DEF NOMR- heavy PST bring 1S go in road REL.CL good PRO v ADJ DEM -ART ASP- ADJ TNS v PRO v PREP n ASP adj

76

I know like this problem took me going on the right road. 21/Dec/2000

a31penias.chubil a31penias.chubil 001 Sin biaka leng, ya ma Alpi, gelu la chubil taman salokpiu. si -n bia ka leng ya ma Alpi gelu la chubil taman salokpiu DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day 1S and name 1D.EX go hunt INST dog.pack ipn -sfx DEM ART n PRO CNJ PropN PRO v v PREP n One day me and Alpi went hunting with a pack of hunting dogs. a31penias.chubil 002 Ya asaiti, ya we, "Gita ba es amusili makaba, biaa ta laa chul Sol." ya asait -i ya we gita ba es amusili makaba bia ta la chul sol 1S tell -TR 1S say 1P.INC FUT walk follow valley that REL.CL go go.down place PRO vi -TR PRO v PRO TNS vi v n DEM ASP v v PropN I told (him) saying, "Let's walk following the vally that goes out at Sol. a31penias.chubil 003 Gelu suk la. gelu suk la 1D.EX INTENS go PRO ADV v We just went. a31penias.chubil 004 Biaa gelu ta chap sangan kan no bua Alpi, no kapuna di bia gelu ta chap sanga -n kan no bua Alpi no kapuna di when 1D.EX REL.CL arrive close.to -3S.IPM 3S.POSS PL beetlenut name PL dog 3P REL PRO ASP v ipn -sfx PRO PL n PropN PL n PRO suk taka choli bool atia, ma di ga la atilngi muina Ilima. suk taka choli bool atia ma di ga la a- til -ngi muina Ilima INTENS work hold pig there and 3P then go CAUS- stand -TR source tree.sp ADV v v n LOC CNJ PRO TIME v pfx- v -TR n n When we arrived at Alpi's beetlenut trees, the dogs really caught a pig there and they went and cornered it at the base of an Ilima tree. a31penias.chubil 005 Biaa ya ta tali' pu bing sin, Alpi asuk choka pan bia ya ta tali' pu bing si -n Alpi a- suk choka pan when 1S REL.CL give piece night DAT -3S.IPM name S.MKR- INTENS spear on REL PRO ASP v n n ipn -sfx PropN per.mkr- ADV v PREP kan koada. kan koada 3S.POSS hip PRO n When I had blinded it with magic, Alpi just speared it on it's side. a31penias.chubil 006 Bool asuk met. bool a- suk met pig S.MKR- INTENS die n per.mkr- ADV v The pig just died. a31penias.chubil 007 Gelu kirawaa. gelu kirawaa 1D.EX cut.stomach.open PRO v We cut it open and took out the intestines a31penias.chubil 008 sali kan tine, o gelu ga parasi. sali kan tine o gelu ga parasi get.rid.of 3S.POSS intestine and 1D.EX then carry.on.pole v PRO n CNJ PRO TIME v took out it's intestines and then we carried it on a pole (back to place). a31penias.chubil 009 kalame kuen.

77

kalame kuen come beach v n came to the beach. a31penias.chubil 010 Gelu le chap, li sin nochi, di kotapen. gelu le chap li si -n no -chi di kotapen 1D.EX come arrive throw.out DAT -3S.IPM PL -well 3P cut.in.small.pieces PRO v v v ipn -sfx PL -ADV PRO v We arrived, threw it to the guys and they cut it up. a31penias.chubil 011 ma di ga ngati ma di ga akui bool. ma di ga ngati ma di ga aku -i bool and 3P then wrap.in.leavand 3P then cook -TR pig CNJ PRO TIME v CNJ PRO TIME v -TR n and then they wrapped and cooked the pig. a31penias.chubil 012 Ika amosos mu. ika a- mosos mu roasting_pit S.MKR- done.cooking only n per.mkr- v ADV The mumu was just done. a31penias.chubil 013 No chi di tatai, o di ga la ngane' lan kaka. no chi di DupCV- ta -i o di ga la ngane' lan lakaka PL boy 3P CONT- remove.fr.mumu -TR and 3P then go eat in mens.house.area PL n PRO ASP- v -TR CNJ PRO TIME v v PREP n The guys removed the mumu and they went and ate it at the haus boi. 21/Dec/2000

a32penias.chil.lakum a32penias.chil.lakum 001 Nate lakum achul. Uba takaturungi num kaa sul. nate lakum a- chul yu - ba takaturung -i num kaa sul if crab S.MKR- go.down 2S - FUT ready -TR 2S.POSS some dry.coconut.branch COND n per.mkr- v PRO - TNS v -TR PRO DEM n If the crabs go down get your dry coconut branches ready. a32penias.chil.lakum 003 Uba sadi ka kiis or sobil. yu - ba se adi ka kiis *** sobil 2S - FUT PERF get INDEF basket *** basket PRO - TNS ASP v ART n *** n You get a basket. a32penias.chil.lakum 004 Uba laa, chili sin kano bongbong una li lan kiis. yu - ba la chil -i si -n kano bongbong yu na li lan kiis 2S - FUT go hold -TR DAT -3S.IPM POSS- PL claws 2S IMPV throw.out in basket PRO - TNS v v -TR ipn -sfx pfx- PL n PRO ASP v PREP n You go and grab them by their claws and put them in the basket. a32penias.chil.lakum 005 Biaka bula, Uba chili taman kamit. bia ka bula yu - ba chil -i taman kamit that INDEF again 2S - FUT hold -TR INST bamboo.tongs DEM ART ADV PRO - TNS v -TR PREP v Another way too, you can hold them with tongs. 21/Dec/2000

a33penias.ngangaul a33penias.ngangaul 001 Tom ala ngangaul sin biaka lawaring bingbing. Tom a- la dupCV- ngaul si -n bia ka lawaring bingbing name S.MKR- go CONT- hook DAT -3Sthat INDEF morning early PropNper.mkr- v ASP- v ipn -sfDEM ART n ADJ Tom went fishing on one early morning.

78

a33penias.ngangaul 002 Atil papan kaat, O ga li kan sua. a- til dupCV- pan kaat o ga li kan sua S.MKR- stand INTS- on stone and then throw.out 3S.POSS rope per.mkr- v ASP- PREP n CNJ TIME v PRO n He stood on a stone and threw out his line. a33penias.ngangaul 004 Adi kan pu niis ga atatakai, O ga kale papaip. adi kan pu niis ga dupCV- atakai o ga kale dupCV- paip get 3S.POSS piece tobacco then CONT- light and then sit CONT- smoke.TP v PRO n n TIME ASP- v CNJ TIME v ASP- v He got his tobacco and lit it and then sat smoking. a33penias.ngangaul 005 Atunga, sin karakin la'kau ta taka choli sua. a- tunga si -n karakin la'kau ta taka choli sua S.MKR- be.surprised DAT -3S.IPM very.large fish.spREL.CL work hold rope per.mkr- vi ipn -sfx ADJ n ASP v v n He was surprised by a great big la'kau that took his line. a33penias.ngangaul 007 Asuk kol amusili sua. a- suk kol amusili sua S.MKR- INTENS fall follow rope per.mkr- ADV vi v n He was just pulled down by the line. a33penias.ngangaul 008 Apapali sua ma ba laa se, ko ta tai. a- papali sua ma ba la se ko ta ta -i S.MKR- leave rope and FUT go PERF fish REL.CL pull -TR per.mkr- v n CNJ TNS v ASP n ASP v -TR He dropped the line and it went, the fish pulled it. a33penias.ngangaul 009 Asual la kuen, adi kan sobil o ga es laa lokobel. a- sual la kuen adi kan sobil o ga es la lokobel S.MKR- swim go beach get 3S.POSS basket and then walk go place per.mkr- v v n v PRO n CNJ TIME vi v n He swam to the beach, got his basket and walked home. a33penias.ngangaul 010 Ase kaawo sin nongnongngen yia cha. a- se kaawo si -n dup- nong ngen yia cha S.MKR- PERF bagarap DAT -3S.IPM CONT- laugh motion 3S yet per.mkr- ASP n ipn -sfx ASP- v ASP PRO ADV He was cracking up laughing at himself. 21/Dec/2000

a34penias.mataa a34penias.mataa 001 Ya ti kaa pan solsol ngali laa Konos. ya ti kaa pan dup- sol ngali la Konos 1S PST board on NOMR- run REAS go Konos PRO TNS v PREP ASP- vi PREP v PropN I got on a truck to go to Konos a34penias.mataa 002 Lute asuk kalil achote solsol. Lute a- suk kalil achote dup- sol name S.MKR- INTENS chase hurt NOMR- run PropN per.mkr- ADV v v ASP- vi Luther was really speeding. a34penias.mataa 003 Tili se Tasgiki geem ni se alet choli pulpulis. tili se Tasgiki geem ni se alet choli pulpulis dir.east PERF place 1P.EX IRR.contr.to.fact PERF lift.carry hold bridge LOC ASP PropN PRO ASP ASP v v n At Taskigi we nearly crashed into the bridge.

79

a34penias.mataa 004 Geem sol dokdok kali sin sel ta kokorik. geem sol dokdok kaale si -n sel ta kokorik 1P.EX run small walk DAT -3S.IPMroadREL.CL crooked PRO vi ADJ v ipn -sfx n ASP ADJ We ran a little going east to (where) the road is windy. a34penias.mataa 005 Solsol asuk sol atutiki niu. dup- sol a- suk sol a- tutik -i niu NOMR- run S.MKR- INTENS run S.MKR- straight -TR coconut ASP- vi per.mkr- ADV vi per.mkr- adj -TR n The car really ran straight for a coconut tree! a34penias.mataa 006 No chi di tunga di suk kup. no chi di tunga di suk kup PL boy 3P be.surprised 3P INTENS shout PL n PRO vi PRO ADV v The guys screamed in surprise. a34penias.mataa 007 O ga puchi solsol mula laangen lan sel. o ga puchi dup- sol mula la ngen lan sel and then turn NOMR- run return go motion in road CNJ TIME vt ASP- vi vi v ASP PREP n And he turned the car back on to the road. a34penias.mataa 008 Balaga akaale lapala ma ga la lapula. bale -gV a- kaale lapala ma ga la lapula stomach -1S.IPM S.MKR- walk up and then go down ipn -sfx per.mkr- v n CNJ TIME v PREP My stomach went up and then went down. a34penias.mataa 009 Ya kap totore. ya akap dupCV- tore 1S NEG CONT- talk PRO NEG ASP- v I didn't talk. a34penias.mataa 010 Ya takaririt mu til Geem ta chap Konos. ya taka dupCV- rit mu til geem ta chap Konos 1S work INTS- strongly only stand 1P.EX REL.CL arrive Konos PRO v ASP- ADV ADV v PRO ASP v PropN I just held on tight until we got to Konos. a34penias.mataa 011 Ngali mula geem tumaara solsol mu sin sa' geem suk mataa ngali mula geem tumaara dup- sol mu si -n sa' geem suk mataa REAS return 1P.EX go.carefully NOMR- run onlyDAT -3S.IPM what 1P.EX INTENS fear PREP vi PRO v ASP- vi ADV ipn -sfx PRO PRO ADV vi buka. buka very.much adv On the return we just drove very carfully because we were very frightened. 21/Dec/2000

a35Penias.maas a35Penias.maas 001 Yiaka kulau aeses sarsar lan sel biaka lasiat. yia ka kulau a- dup- es dup- sar lan sel bia ka lasiat 3S INDEF young.man S.MKR- CONT- walk CONT- play in road that INDEF mid_day PRO ART n per.mkr- ASP- vi ASP- vi PREP n DEM ART n One young man was out for a walk in the road one day. a35Penias.maas 002 Asabesue yiaka maas taman sobil bua.

80

a- sabesue yia ka maas taman sobil bua S.MKR- meet.in.passing 3S INDEF old.man INST basket beetlenut per.mkr- v PRO ART n PREP n n He met an old man with a basket of beetlenut. a35Penias.maas 003 Asuk ningi, "Kalame ka bua." a- suk ning -i kalame ka bua S.MKR- INTENS ask -TR come INDEF beetlenut per.mkr- ADV v -TR v ART n He really asked, "Can I have a beetlenut?" a35Penias.maas 004 "Asuk kap," maas atore. a- suk akap maas a- tore S.MKR- INTENS NEG old.man S.MKR- talk per.mkr- ADV NEG n per.mkr- v "No way!" said the old man. a35Penias.maas 005 "Akau mu." akau mu good only ADJ ADV "That's alright." a35Penias.maas 006 O nate ka aina aning maaba, bua arara uba tali' o nate ka aina a- ning mamba bua arara yu - ba tali' and if INDEF woman S.MKR- ask now.later beetlenut every 2S - FUT give CNJ COND ART n per.mkr- v n n ADJ PRO - TNS v sin." si -n DAT -3S.IPM ipn -sfx And if a woman asks later, you will give her all the beetlenut." a35Penias.maas 007 Maas asuk magaa, ga kalil amusili ga we na chaapi. maas a- suk magaa ga kalil amusili ga we ina chaapi old.man S.MKR- INTENS angry then chase follow then say GEN kill n per.mkr- ADV ADJ TIME v v TIME v PREP v The old man was really mad, and chased after (him) wanting to kill him. a35Penias.maas 008 No matan atok ma malangiicha achul. no mata -n a- tok ma malangiicha a- chul PL eye -3S.IPM S.MKR- red and sweat S.MKR- go.down PL ipn -sfx per.mkr- ADJ CNJ n per.mkr- v His eyes were red and sweat was pouring down. a35Penias.maas 009 Asuk musteng chaka sin aia ka. a- suk musteng chaka si -n aia ka S.MKR- INTENS angry badly DAT -3S.IPM that.one INDEF per.mkr- ADV n ADV ipn -sfx DEM ART He was very cross indeed at that fellow. 21/Dec/2000

a36kake.balak a36kake.balak 001 Sin biaka leng ya mi Rupugu gelalu ti are si -n bia ka leng ya mi rupu -gV gelulu ti are DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day 1S ACCOM kin.cousin -1S.IPM 1D.EX.OBJ PST stay ipn -sfx DEM ART n PRO PREP n -sfx PRO TNS v lasiat. lasiat mid_day n One day me and my cousin were there at mid-day.

81

a36kake.balak 002 No inaman arara di ti la lauteng, nagelu no nagaa ma mom bula di ti no inaman arara di ti la lauteng ka- gelu no nagaa ma mom bula di ti PL people every 3P PST go bush POSS- 1D.EX PL mother and father again 3P PST PL n ADJ PRO TNS v n pfx- PRO PL n CNJ n ADV PRO TNS laa bula. la bula go again v ADV All the people had gone to the bush, our mothers and fathers also had gone there. a36kake.balak 003 O Rupugu gawe gita chal bua. o rupu -gV ga - we gita chale bua and kin.cousin -1S.IPM then - say 1D.INC search beetlenut CNJ n -sfx TIME - v PRO v n So cousin said let's look for beetlenut. a36kake.balak 004 O gelalu suk laa paina no bua ngali lasi ka bung bua. o gelulu suk la paina no bua ngali lasi ka bung bua and 1D.EX.OBJ INTENS go underneath PL beetlenut REAS see INDEF cluster beetlenut CNJ PRO ADV v PREP PL n PREP vt ART n n And we just went under the beetlenut trees to see a cluster of beetlenut. a36kake.balak 005 Rupugu asuk nen tatangina bung bua, o ga rupu -gV a- suk nen tatanginei bung bua o ga kin.cousin -1S.IPM S.MKR- INTENS look find.at.place clustbeetlenut and then n -sfx per.mkr- ADV v v n n CNJ TIME suk ilei kupkup ngali ya ngali laa tatangina yia. suk ile -i dup- kup ngali ya ngali la tatanginei yia INTENS call -TR CONT- shout REAS 1S REAS go find.at.place 3S ADV v -TR ASP- v PREP PRO PREP v v PRO My cousin really looked and found a cluster of beetlenut and then called shouting for me to go find him. a36kake.balak 006 O asuk tulen ya ngali en. o a- suk tulen ya ngali en and S.MKR- INTENS send 1S REAS climb CNJ per.mkr- ADV v PRO PREP vi And he just sent me to climb. a36kake.balak 007 Ya kosora kirakes. ya kosora kirakes 1S make rope.loop PRO v n I made a climbing rope. a36kake.balak 008 Ya suk enngi bua. ya suk en -ngi bua 1S INTENS climb -TR beetlenut PRO ADV vi -TR n I just climbed the beetlenut tree. a36kake.balak 009 Ya we ya lupchi bung bua, o ya ga kap pupua. ya we ya lupchi bung bua o ya ga akap pupua 1S say 1S pick.from.above cluster beetlenut and 1S then NEG able PRO v PRO v n n CNJ PRO TIME NEG v I wanted to pick the cluster of beetlenut, but I wasn't able. a36kake.balak 010 Rupugu alaa o asuk kup ngali ya na chul, rupu -gV a- la o a- suk kup ngali ya na chul kin.cousin -1S.IPM S.MKR- go and S.MKR- INTENS shout REAS 1S IMPV go.down n -sfx per.mkr- v CNJ per.mkr- ADV v PREP PRO ASP v ngali yia naba sebula konon.

82

ngali yia a- ba se - bula konon REAS 3S S.MKR- FUT PERF - again try PREP PRO per.mkr- TNS ASP - ADV v My cousin went and just shouted for me to go down so that he could try. a36kake.balak 011 Awe akonon, ga kap pupua bula, o asuk chul bula. a- we a- konon ga akap pupua bula o a- suk chul bula S.MKR- say S.MKR- try then NEG able again and S.MKR- INTENS go.down again per.mkr- v per.mkr- v TIME NEG v ADV CNJ per.mkr- ADV v ADV He wanted to try, but he was also not able and he just came down too. a36kake.balak 012 Gelalu le til muina bua ngali adodo tatanginei ka sel ngali gelulu le til muina bua ngali adodo tatanginei ka sel ngali 1D.EX.OBJ come stand source beetlenut REAS think find.at.place INDEF road REAS PRO v v n n PREP v v ART n PREP sali bung bua. sali bung bua get.rid.of cluster beetlenut v n n We came and stood at the base of the tree to ponder a way to get the cluster of beetlenut. a36kake.balak 013 O ya suk adodo tatanginei ka nan pu tetel nugu nagaa, gelalu o ya suk adodo tatanginei ka nan pu tetel nugu nagaa gelulu and 1S INTENS think find.at.place INDEF DEF piece knife 1S.POSS mother 1D.EX.OBJ CNJ PRO ADV v v ART ART n n PRO n PRO sol laa, adi pu tetel, gelalu suk sol mula laa paina bua, o sol la adi pu tetel gelulu suk sol mula la paina bua o run go get piece knife 1D.EX.OBJ INTENS run return go underneath beetlenut and vi v v n n PRO ADV vi vi v PREP n CNJ asuk litke sin baa ina yi o ya suk kol o tetel ga a- suk litke si -n baa ina yi o ya suk kol o tetel ga S.MKR- INTENS trip DAT -3S.IPM root GEN tree and 1S INTENS fall and knife then per.mkr- ADV v ipn -sfx n PREP n CNJ PRO ADV vi CNJ n TIME choka ya sin nugu balen. choka ya si -n nugu bale -n spear 1S DAT -3S.IPM 1S.POSS stomach -3S.IPM v PRO ipn -sfx PRO ipn -sfx And I just thought of one small knife of my mother's. We ran, went, got the knife. We just ran back under the Beetlenut tree, and I just tripped on a root of a tree and I just fell and the knife speared me in my stomach. a36kake.balak 014 Talaawa u pupua ngali lasi balak sin nugu balen. talaawa yu pupua ngali lasi balak si -n nugu bale -n today/now 2S able REAS see scar DAT -3S.IPM 1S.POSS stomach -3S.IPM n PRO v PREP vt n ipn -sfx PRO ipn -sfx Today you can see the scar on my stomach. a36kake.balak 015 Biaa mu. bia mu that only DEM ADV That's all. 21/Dec/2000

a37kake.panon a37kake.panon 001 Natawe u san ngali panon. Natawe yu saan ngali panon if 2S like REAS fishing.method COND PRO v PREP v If you want to "panon" for fish, a37kake.panon 002 uba lilisi naba ta meet karaaraa. yu - ba dupCV- lis -i a- ba ta meet karaaraa 2S - FUT CONT- wait -TR S.MKR- FUT REL.CL low.tide completely.dry

83

PRO - TNS ASP- v -TR per.mkr- TNS ASP v ADV you should wait until the tide is all the way out. a37kake.panon 003 o una adi num no laklaken isa o una la pan o yu na adi num no dupCVC- lake ina isa o yu na la pan and 2S IMPV get 2S.POSS PL INTS- branch GEN bamboo and 2S IMPV go on CNJ PRO ASP v PRO PL ASP- n PREP n CNJ PRO ASP v PREP ngusngus. ngusngus point.stone n and you must get your branches of bamboo and you must go out to the point. a37kake.panon 006 Lalamua ina marang u ba ta lasi, uba lasi no kalkal. dupCV- lamua ina marang yu ba ta lasi yu - ba lasi no kalkal INTS- before GEN something 2S FUT REL.CL see 2S - FUT see PL crab.sp ASP- n PREP n PRO TNS ASP vt PRO - TNS vt PL n The first thing that you will see is you will see softshell crabs. a37kake.panon 007 di ta kaamkaam lapala papan no kaat. di ta kaamkaam lapala dupCV- pan no kaat 3P REL.CL crawl up INTS- on PL stone PRO ASP v n ASP- PREP PL n ...crawling up on the stones. a37kake.panon 008 Adi num no laklaken isa, una riti di ngali di ba met, adi num no dupCVC- lake ina isa yu na rit -i di ngali di ba met get 2S.POSS PL INTS- branch GEN bamboo 2S IMPV whip -TR 3P REAS 3P FUT die v PRO PL ASP- n PREP n PRO ASP v -TR PRO PREP PRO TNS v una tueli num no kalkal lalan num sobil. yu na tuel -i num no kalkal dupCV- lan num sobil 2S IMPV fill -TR 2S.POSS PL crab.sp INTS- in 2S.POSS basket PRO ASP v -TR PRO PL n ASP- PREP PRO n Get your branches of bamboo and you must whip the crabs to kill them, you must fill your basket with the crabs. a37kake.panon 009 Mil una nenen maaba ngali no talupakpak. mil yu na dupCV- nen mamba ngali no talupakpak later 2S IMPV CONT- look now.later REAS PL snail.sp adv PRO ASP ASP- v n PREP PL n Then you must look for the snails. a37kake.panon 010 Biaa mat gem amanman pan no ngusngus. bia mat gem a- dup- man pan no ngusngus that kind shell.fish S.MKR- CONT- stay on PL point.stone DEM n n per.mkr- ASP- v PREP PL n That kind of shellfish stays on the point stones. a37kake.panon 011 Natawe uba lasi ka, uba suk chik papaki esaga mu, naba Natawe yu - ba lasi ka yu - ba suk chik papaki esaga mu a- ba if 2S - FUT see INDEF 2S - FUT INTENS shoot grab hurry only S.MKR- FUT COND PRO - TNS vt ART PRO - TNS ADV v v v ADV per.mkr- TNS soro takaririt o una kap adi. soro taka dupCV- rit o yu na akap adi Irrealis work INTS- strongly and 2S IMPV NEG get ASP v ASP- ADV CNJ PRO ASP NEG v If you should see one, you should really just snatch it quickly lest it hold strongly and you won't get it. a37kake.panon 012 nate u se ausi num sobil, o uba suk mula kalame nate yu se a- us -i num sobil o yu - ba suk mula kalame if 2S PERF CAUS- full -TR 2S.POSS basket and 2S - FUT INTENS return come COND PRO ASP pfx- ADJ -TR PRO n CNJ PRO - TNS ADV vi v lokobel.

84

lokobel place n If you fill up your basket, you should just come back to the village. 21/Dec/2000

a38kake.tumasen.turamasen a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 001 Ti lamua, tumasen turamasen di ti manman atala Lossu. ti lamua tu masen tura masen di ti manman atala Lesu PST before three man's_brother friend man's_brother 3P PST clothing here Lossu TNS n PL n ipn n PRO TNS n DEM PropN A long ago, three friends lived here in Lossu. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 002 No yesan di abala, Sau Eliakim ma ila Luasau, di tutul no yesa -n di a- bala Sau Eliakim ma ila Luasau di dupCV- tul PL name -3S.IPM 3P ADJR- this Sau name and this.anim name 3P INTS- three PL ipn -sfx PRO pfx- DEM PropN PropN CNJ PRO PropN PRO ASP- NUM are, di kap makiis. are di akap makiis stay 3P NEG marry v PRO NEG vi Their names were Sau, Eliakim and Luasau. The three of them were not married. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 003 Biaka leng detu suk engit ngali pulake kan uma paa bia ka leng detu suk e- ngit ngali pulake kan uma paa that INDEF day 3T INTENS recip- plan REAS steal 3S.POSS garden taro DEM ART n PRO ADV vpfx- v PREP v PRO n n yiaka kuala. yia ka kuala 3S INDEF wife PRO ART n One day they just conspired to rob one old lady's taro garden. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 004 Iwa kuala amanman tili poli lan tubaniu. yia -wa kuala a- dup- man tili poli lan tuba - niu 3S -DEF old.woman S.MKR- CONT- stay dir.east place in many - coconut PRO -ART n per.mkr- ASP- v LOC PropN PREP ADJ - n That woman lived there at Poli in the coconut plantation. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 005 O ga kosora nan uma paa lan buti. o ga kosora nan uma paa lan buti and then make DEF garden taro in swamp CNJ TIME v ART n n PREP n And she made her small (nan) taro garden in the swampy ground. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 006 Detu tapas sin biaka bing, detu suk la tatai pulake detu tapas si -n bia ka bing detu suk la DupCV- ta -i pulake 3T start DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF night 3T INTENS go CONT- pull -TR steal PRO v ipn -sfx DEM ART n PRO ADV v ASP- v -TR v kano paa aia kuala lan kan uma. kan no paa aia kuala lan kan uma 3S.POSS PL taro that.one old.woman in 3S.POSS garden PRO PL n DEM n PREP PRO n They started one night, they just went and pulled out, stealing that lady's taro in her garden. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 007 Detu tapas, tueli esagalen no paa lan tutuel o di suk la mula detu tapas tuel -i esaga -len no paa lan dupCV- tuel o di suk la mula 3T start fill -TR hurry -*** PL taro in NOMR- fill and 3P INTENS go return PRO v v -TR v -*** PL n PREP ASP- v CNJ PRO ADV v vi kalame. kalame come v

85

They started, hurriedly filled up the bag with taro and they just went and came back. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 008 Biaa di ta es kalame ila Sau ma Eliakim delalu suk ngiti bia di ta es kalame ila Sau ma Eliakim delalu suk ngit -i that 3P REL.CL walk come this.anim Sau and name 3D.OBJ INTENS plan -TR DEM PRO ASP vi v PRO PropN CNJ PropN PRO ADV v -TR ngali apanai ila Luasau, sin sa' yia ti adi tutuel paa. ngali apanai ila Luasau si -n sa' yia ti adi dupCV- tuel paa REAS trick this.anim name DAT -3S.IPM what 3S PST get NOMR- fill taro PREP v PRO PropN ipn -sfx PRO PRO TNS v ASP- v n When they were walking back, Sau and Eliakim really planed to trick Luasau because he had gotten the bag of taro. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 009 Sau asuk asaiti Luasau, awe uba eses lolobet Sau a- suk asait -i Luasau a- we yu - ba dup- es lolobet Sau S.MKR- INTENS tell -TR name S.MKR- say 2S - FUT CONT- walk middle PropN per.mkr- ADV vi -TR PropN per.mkr- v PRO - TNS ASP- vi n o Eliakim mil o ya lamua. o Eliakim mil o ya lamua and name later and 1S before CNJ PropN adv CNJ PRO n Sau just told Luasau saying, "You should walk in the middle and Eliakim behind and me in front. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 010 Biaa tutuel paa asuk us buka, o Luasau ga se bulbul... bia dupCV- tuel paa a- suk us buka o Luasau ga se bulbul that NOMR- fill taro S.MKR- INTENS full very.much and name then PERF bent.over DEM ASP- v n per.mkr- ADV ADJ adv CNJ PropN TIME ASP v That bag of taro was very full and so Luasau was bent over. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 011 taman, detu es kalame Lokok o ila Sau asuk wiiu apanai taman detu es kalame Lokok o ila Sau a- suk wiiu apanai INST 3T walk come place and this.anim Sau S.MKR- INTENS whistle trick PREP PRO vi v PropN CNJ PRO PropN per.mkr- ADV v v Luasau. Luasau name PropN with it. They walked coming to Lokok and Sau just whistled tricking Luasau. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 012 Luasau atapas asuk rik lan sinu taman tutuel paa. Luasau a- tapas a- suk rik lan sinu taman dupCV- tuel paa name ADJR- start S.MKR- INTENS jump in hole INST NOMR- fill taro PropN pfx- v per.mkr- ADV v PREP n PREP ASP- v n Luasau up and just jumped in a hole with the bag of taro. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 013 Luasau ila lapula o no paa lapala papan kan taluna. Luasau ila lapula o no paa lapala dupCV- pan kan taluna name this.anim down and PL taro up INTS- on 3S.POSS back.side PropN PRO PREP CNJ PL n n ASP- PREP PRO n Luasau was underneath and the taro was on top of his back. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 014 Sau ma Eliakim delu nong lalatia ma nong lalatia sin delulu ta Sau ma Eliakim delu nong lalatia ma nong lalatia si -n delalu ta Sau and name 3D laugh go.zigziand laugh go.zigzig DAT -3S.IPM 3D.OBJ REL.CL PropN CNJ PropN PRO v v CNJ v v ipn -sfx PRO ASP apanai turan delu. apanai tura -n delu trick friend -3S.IPM 3D v ipn -sfx PRO Sau and Eliakim were laughing and laughing going zigzag because they had fooled their comrade. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 016 Luasau atapas, papali tutuel paa o asuk magaa la lokobel. Luasau a- tapas papali dupCV- tuel paa o a- suk magaa la lokobel

86

name S.MKR- start leave NOMR- fill taro and S.MKR- INTENS angry go place PropN per.mkr- v v ASP- v n CNJ per.mkr- ADV ADJ v n Luasau got up, left the bag of taro and just went very angrily to the village. a38kake.tumasen.turamasen 017 Biamu. bia - mu that - only DEM - ADV That is all. 21/Dec/2000

a39kake.mataa a39kake.mataa 001 Biaka leng ya mi no chi geem ti la koko ngali yiaka bia ka leng ya mi no chi geem ti la koko ngali yia ka that INDEF day 1S ACCOM PL boy 1P.EX PST go stand.guard REAS 3S INDEF DEM ART n PRO PREP PL n PRO TNS v v PREP PRO ART korokorotubu ta chapchap tatan banbanu mi kan nagaa. korokorotubu ta dup- chap tata -n banbanu mi kan nagaa sorcerer REL.CL HAB- arrive home -3S.IPM name ACCOM 3S.POSS mother n ASP ASP- v ipn -sfx PropN PREP PRO n One day me and the guys went to stand guard against this one sorcerer who kept coming to Bunbunu and his mother's place. a39kake.mataa 003 Geem tapas adi no marang ngali sas o gem suk la, geem chap geem tapas adi no marang ngali sas o gem suk la geem chap 1P.EX start get PL something REAS fight and shell.fish INTENS go 1P.EX arrive PRO v v PL n PREP v CNJ n ADV v PRO v tatan banbanu mi kan nagaa gem ga suk ekachep la tata -n banbanu mi kan nagaa gem ga suk ekachep la home -3S.IPM name ACCOM 3S.POSS mother shell.fish then INTENS disperse go ipn -sfx PropN PREP PRO n n TIME ADV v v lauteng. lauteng bush n We got up and got the things to fight with and we just went and we arrived at Bunbunu and his mother's place. Then we just dispersed into the bush. a39kake.mataa 004 Ya giwa papil ina chi o geem ga are paina yiaka yie o papel ya giwa papil ina chi o geem ga are paina yia ka yi o papil 1S bring some GEN boy and 1P.EX then stay underneath 3S INDEF tree and some PRO v n PREP n CNJ PRO TIME v PREP PRO ART n CNJ n di la lan biaka kolot kachap. di la lan bia ka kolot kachap 3P go in that INDEF place another.different PRO v PREP DEM ART n ADJ I took half of the guys and we stayed under a tree and (the other) half went to another different place. a39kake.mataa 005 Geem manman o korokorotubu asuk es kalame, biaa ta es geem manman o korokorotubu a- suk es kalame bia ta es 1P.EX clothing and sorcerer S.MKR- INTENS walk come that REL.CL walk PRO n CNJ n per.mkr- ADV vi v DEM ASP vi kalame no isuan geem arara asuk mataa, ma suk didir bula. kalame no isua -n geem arara a- suk mataa ma suk didir bula come PL skin -3S.IPM 1P.EX every S.MKR- INTENS fear and INTENS quake again v PL ipn -sfx PRO ADJ per.mkr- ADV vi CNJ ADV v ADV We were staying and the sorcerer just came. When he came, all of us were very afraid and really quaking (with fear). a39kake.mataa 006 Biaa cha ya ta tapas ya suk papali nugu pu kula. bia cha ya ta tapas ya suk papali nugu pu kula that yet 1S REL.CL start 1S INTENS leave 1S.POSS piece axe DEM ADV PRO ASP v PRO ADV v PRO n n Right when that happened I just left my axe. a39kake.mataa 007

87

No chi tadu katiu di alongen abia gem ta sol no chi tadu katiu di alongen abia gem ta sol PL boy loc.west.down opposite.side 3P hear that shell.fish REL.CL run PL n LOC DEIC PRO v DEM n ASP vi kupkup. dup- kup CONT- shout ASP- v The guys down/over on the opposite side heard us running and shouting. a39kake.mataa 008 Di bula, di suk sol la lokobel bula. di bula di suk sol la lokobel bula 3P again 3P INTENS run go place again PRO ADV PRO ADV vi v n ADV They also just ran going to the village again. 21/Dec/2000

a40kaka.yaya a40kaka.yaya 001 Biaka lawaring bingbing ya mi nugu yaya tamat gelalu ti la bia ka lawaring bingbing ya mi nugu yaya tamat gelulu ti la that INDEF morning early 1S ACCOM 1S.POSS grandparent man 1D.EX.OBJ PST go DEM ART n ADJ PRO PREP PRO n n PRO TNS v lauteng. lauteng bush n One early morning I and my grandfather went to the bush. a40kaka.yaya 002 Iwa nugu yaya adidir o ga se matababa bula. yia -wa nugu yaya a- didir o ga se matababa bula 3S -DEF 1S.POSS grandparent S.MKR- quake and then PERF blind again PRO -ART PRO n per.mkr- v CNJ TIME ASP n ADV My grandfather shook and also was blind. a40kaka.yaya 003 Ya ti es tatana liman sin sa' akap pupua ngali nenen ya ti es dupCV- tana lima -n si -n sa' akap pupua ngali dupCV- nen 1S PST walk CONT- hold hand -3S.IPM DAT -3S.IPM what NEG able REAS HAB- look PRO TNS vi ASP- v ipn -sfx ipn -sfx PRO NEG v PREP ASP- v akau. akau good ADJ I walked holding his hand since he couldn't see good. a40kaka.yaya 004 Gelu es kaale, paina yiaka karakin ngaungau no busira di gelu es kaale paina yia ka karakin ngaungau no busira di 1D.EX walk go.east.up underneath 3S INDEF very.large galip.tree PL bird.sp 3P PRO vi v PREP PRO ART ADJ n PL n PRO kosora kadino uni lapala papan. kosora kadi - no uni lapala dupCV- pan make POSS- 3P - PL nest up INTS- on v pfx- PRO - PL n n ASP- PREP We walked up under a great big galip tree. The busira made their nests up on it. a40kaka.yaya 006 Iwa ngaungau ase malang arara kano lake. yia -wa ngaungau a- se malang arara kan no lake 3S -DEF galip.tree S.MKR- PERF dry completely 3S.POSS PL branch PRO -ART n per.mkr- ASP ADJ ADV PRO PL n This galip tree, it's branches were completely dried up.. a40kaka.yaya 007 Yaya ga we anenen kaale lapala, o no busira di yaya ga we a- dupCV- nen kaale lapala o no busira di grandparent then say S.MKR- CONT- look go.east.up up and PL bird.sp 3P

88

n TIME v per.mkr- ASP- v v n CNJ PL n PRO suk pechi no matan ma kan piak. suk pechi no mata -n ma kan piak INTENS defecate.on PL eye -3S.IPM and 3S.POSS bald.head ADV vt PL ipn -sfx CNJ PRO n Grandfather was looking up and the busira just pooped on his eyes and his bald head. 21/Dec/2000

a41kitang.chichi.lalao a41kitang.chichi.lalao 001 Sin biaka leng ya ti la ngali sisil lan daan madil si -n bia ka leng ya ti la ngali dupCV- sil lan daan madil DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day 1S PST go REAS CONT- wash in water cold ipn -sfx DEM ART n PRO TNS v PREP ASP- v PREP n ADJ tile Taregem. ti - le Taregem PST - come *** TNS - v *** One day I went to wash in the cold water there at Taregem. a41kitang.chichi.lalao 002 Sin abia leng ti suk tun buka. si -n abia leng ti suk tun buka DAT -3S.IPM that day PST INTENS high.tide very.much ipn -sfx DEM n TNS ADV v adv ON that day it was very high tide indeed. a41kitang.chichi.lalao 003 Ya ti la mu, suk rik lan daan. ya ti la mu suk rik lan daan 1S PST go only INTENS jump in water PRO TNS v ADV ADV v PREP n I just went and just jumped in the water. a41kitang.chichi.lalao 004 La ma chichi lalau asuk ngalti kaigi, ya la ma uk kup la ma chichi lalau a- suk ngalti kade -gV ya la ma suk kup go and snake sea.snake S.MKR- INTENS bite leg -1S.IPM 1S go and INTENS shout v CNJ n n per.mkr- ADV v ipn -sfx PRO v CNJ ADV v marakir ma teng. marakir ma teng scream and cry v CNJ vi I went and a sea snake just bit my leg. I went and just shouted, screaming and crying. a41kitang.chichi.lalao 005 No chi di alongen ya ma di ga sol kalame ngali lasi ya di la ma giwa ya no chi di alongen ya ma di ga sol kalame ngali lasi ya di la ma giwa ya PL boy 3P hear 1S and 3P then run come REAS see 1S 3P go and bring 1S PL n PRO v PRO CNJ PRO TIME vi v PREP vt PRO PRO v CNJ v PRO kalame lapala. kalame lapala come up v n The guys heard me and they ran coming to see me. They went and brought me up. a41kitang.chichi.lalao 006 Yiaka chi ala mu uk la sol giwa pispis toto. yia ka chi a- la mu suk la sol giwa dup- pichi toto 3S INDEF boy S.MKR- go only INTENS go run bring HAB- tie.up sore PRO ART n per.mkr- v ADV ADV v vi v ASP- v n Another boy just went and just ran to bring the doctor. a41kitang.chichi.lalao 008 Pispis toto akalame mu ga la lasi kaigi chichi lalau dup- pichi toto a- kalame mu ga la lasi kade -gV chichi lalau HAB- tie.up sore S.MKR- come only then go see leg -1S.IPM snake sea.snake ASP- v n per.mkr- v ADV TIME v vt ipn -sfx n n ta ngalti. ta ngalti

89

REL.CL bite ASP v THe doctor just came and went to see my leg that the sea snake had bitten. a41kitang.chichi.lalao 009 Pispis toto ala ma ga adi pu tetel dokdok, ma ga tale dup- pichi toto a- la ma ga adi pu tetel dokdok ma ga tale HAB- tie.up sore S.MKR- go and then get piece knife small and then cut ASP- v n per.mkr- v CNJ TIME v n n ADJ CNJ TIME v nian abia chichi lalau ta ngalti. nian abia chichi lalau ta ngalti place.where that snake sea.snake REL.CL bite DEIC DEM n n ASP v THe doctor went and got a small knife and cut the place where that sea snake had bitten. a41kitang.chichi.lalao 011 Ala ma ga aturungi no tubatuba sin. a- la ma ga aturung -i no tubatuba si -n S.MKR- go and then put -TR PL medicine DAT -3S.IPM per.mkr- v CNJ TIME v -TR PL n ipn -sfx He went and put medicine on it. 21/Dec/2000

a42kitang.sul a42kitang.sul 001 Naba nale, uba putik sul aturung ma una a- ba nale yu - ba putik sul aturung ma yu na S.MKR- FUT afternoon 2S - FUT break dry.coconut.branch put and 2S IMPV per.mkr- TNS n PRO - TNS v n v CNJ PRO ASP rochi no. roch -i no tie -TR PL v -TR PL When it is mid-afternoon you should break off the dry coconut branchs and get it ready and tie them. a42kitang.sul 002 Naba se bingbing u ba la ma adi num kuchira ma num a- ba se bingbing yu ba la ma adi num kuchira ma num S.MKR- FUT PERF early 2S FUT go and get 2S.POSS multi.point.spear and 2S.POSS per.mkr- TNS ASP ADJ PRO TNS v CNJ v PRO n CNJ PRO ka kiis ngali tuel ko. ka kiis ngali tuel ko INDEF basket REAS fill fish ART n PREP v n When it is dark you should go and get your spear and your basket to put the fish in. a42kitang.sul 003 U ba arara num sul ngali arar la lan daan. yu ba arara num sul ngali a- rar la lan daan 2S FUT ignite 2S.POSS dry.coconut.branch REAS S.MKR- light go in water PRO TNS v PRO n PREP per.mkr- v v PREP n You should light your "sul" so that it lights in the water. a42kitang.sul 004 U ba la ngali achoko ngali no ko. yu ba la ngali achoko ngali no ko 2S FUT go REAS search.for REAS PL fish PRO TNS v PREP v PREP PL n You should go to to look for fish. a42kitang.sul 005 U la ma lasi no pachia di ta matul ale sin no kaat. yu la ma lasi no pachia di ta matul a- le si -n no kaat 2S go and see PL fish.sp 3P REL.CL sleep S.MKR- come DAT -3S.IPM PL stone PRO v CNJ vt PL n PRO ASP v per.mkr- v ipn -sfx PL n You go and see the nail fish, they rest pressed up against the stones. a42kitang.sul 006 Uba adi num kuchira ma uk choka no. yu - ba adi num kuchira ma suk choka no

90

2S - FUT get 2S.POSS multi.point.spear and INTENS spear PL PRO - TNS v PRO n CNJ ADV v PL You should get your fishing spear and just spear them. a42kitang.sul 007 U la ma tueli di lan num kiis. yu la ma tuel -i di lan num kiis 2S go and fill -TR 3P in 2S.POSS basket PRO v CNJ v -TR PRO PREP PRO n You go and put them in your basket. a42kitang.sul 008 Ma u ba lo laalaa nawe num kiis ase us, u suk ma yu ba lo dup- la nawe num kiis a- se us yu suk and 2S FUT slowly CONT- go suppose 2S.POSS basket S.MKR- PERF full 2S INTENS CNJ PRO TNS ASP ASP- v COND PRO n per.mkr- ASP ADJ PRO ADV atel taman num kiis ko.. atel taman num kiis ko come.up.from.water INST 2S.POSS basket fish v PREP PRO n n And you should keep going slowly. If your basket is full, you just come.up with your basket of fish. 21/Dec/2000

a43kitang.pichi.bul a43kitang.pichi.bul 001 Biaka leng no kipong di la kale pichi bul sin bia ka leng no kipong di la kale pichi bul si -n that INDEF day PL wildman.fr.bush 3P go sit tie.up canoe DAT -3S.IPM DEM ART n PL n PRO v v v n ipn -sfx turan di. tura -n di friend -3S.IPM 3P ipn -sfx PRO One day wild men went and sat tying together a canoe. a43kitang.pichi.bul 003 Di adi bul la sangan yiaka niu, ma no chuchuko ma di adi bul la sanga -n yia ka niu ma no chuchuko ma 3P get canoe go close.to -3S.IPM 3S INDEF coconut and PL canoe.cross.piece and PRO v n v ipn -sfx PRO ART n CNJ PL n CNJ sem. sem outrigger n They got the canoe, went close to a coconut tree, and the crosspieces and the outrigger. a43kitang.pichi.bul 004 Di la aturungi bul sangan niu. di la aturung -i bul sanga -n niu 3P go put -TR canoe close.to -3S.IPM coconut PRO v v -TR n ipn -sfx n They went and put the canoe close to the coconut tree. a43kitang.pichi.bul 005 Di la ma aturungi sem talaa mulina niu, ma uk pichi di la ma aturung -i sem talaa mulina niu ma suk pichi 3P go and put -TR outrigger there.distant behind coconut and INTENS tie.up PRO v CNJ v -TR n LOC PREP n CNJ ADV v bul. bul canoe n They went and put the outrigger on the other side of the coconut tree and just tied the canoe. a43kitang.pichi.bul 006 Di se pis ararai bul. di se pis arara -i bul 3P PERF tie.up completely -TR canoe PRO ASP v ADV -TR n They finished tying the canoe.

91

a43kitang.pichi.bul 007 Di ga se adodo ngali adi la kuen. di ga se adodo ngali adi la kuen 3P then PERF think REAS get go beach PRO TIME ASP v PREP v v n Then they thought about taking it to the beach. a43kitang.pichi.bul 008 Di we di adi la ga suk tupa sin sem. di we di adi la ga suk tupa si -n sem 3P say 3P get go then INTENS block DAT -3S.IPM outrigger PRO v PRO v v TIME ADV v ipn -sfx n They wanted to take it but it was just blocked by the outrigger. a43kitang.pichi.bul 009 Di we di adi la tia atupa sin bul. di we di adi la atia a- tupa si -n bul 3P say 3P get go there CAUS- block DAT -3S.IPM canoe PRO v PRO v v LOC pfx- v ipn -sfx n They wanted to take it there (the other direction) it was blocked by the canoe. a43kitang.pichi.bul 010 Di la ma uk papali bul. di la ma suk papali bul 3P go and INTENS leave canoe PRO v CNJ ADV v n They went and just left the canoe. a43kitang.pichi.bul 011 Di se kap takawiti ngali adi la kuen. di se akap taka wit -i ngali adi la kuen 3P PERF NEG work to.have.enough -TR REAS get go beach PRO ASP NEG v v -TR PREP v v n They didn't do it right to get it to the beach. a43kitang.pichi.bul 012 Biaka adodo ase chap, di la ma uk tik mulangen bia ka adodo a- se chap di la ma suk tik mula ngen that INDEF think S.MKR- PERF arrive 3P go and INTENS cut.lashings return motion DEM ART v per.mkr- ASP v PRO v CNJ ADV v vi ASP bul. bul canoe n Another thinking came up. They went and just cut the lashings of the canoe. 21/Dec/2000

a44kitang.mataa a44kitang.mataa 001 Biaka leng ya ti la ngali ngangaul. bia ka leng ya ti la ngali dupCV- ngaul that INDEF day 1S PST go REAS CONT- hook DEM ART n PRO TNS v PREP ASP- v One day I went fishing. a44kitang.mataa 002 Ya ti adi nugu bul ma nugu no sua ina ngangaul. Ya ga la. ya ti adi nugu bul ma nugu no sua ina dupCV- ngaul ya ga la 1S PST get 1S.POSS canoe and 1S.POSS PL rope GEN CONT- hook 1S then go PRO TNS v PRO n CNJ PRO PL n PREP ASP- v PRO TIME v I got my canoe and my fishing line. Then I went. a44kitang.mataa 004 Ya suk alusa la lapala suk se. ya suk alusa la lapala suk se 1S INTENS paddle go up INTENS PERF PRO ADV v v n ADV ASP I really paddled and went out really deep. a44kitang.mataa 005 Ya la ma ngangaul.

92

ya la ma dupCV- ngaul 1S go and CONT- hook PRO v CNJ ASP- v I went and was fishing. a44kitang.mataa 006 Ya se ngangaul la la o ya ga suk tai nan ko dokdok. ya se dupCV- ngaul la la o ya ga suk ta -i nan ko dokdok 1S PERF CONT- hook go go and 1S then INTENS pull -TR DEF fish small PRO ASP ASP- v v v CNJ PRO TIME ADV v -TR ART n ADJ I fished and fished and I just caught a little small fish. a44kitang.mataa 007 Ya se tai akalame lapala, o karakin ba'e ala ma uk ya se ta -i a- kalame lapala o karakin ba'e a- la ma suk 1S PERF pull -TR CAUS- come up and very.large shark S.MKR- go and INTENS PRO ASP v -TR pfx- v n CNJ ADJ n per.mkr- v CNJ ADV sol amusili ta we na ngane' aia nan ko. sol amusili ta we ina ngane' aia nan ko run follow REL.CL say GEN eat that.one DEF fish vi v ASP v PREP v DEM ART n I pulled it up and a great big shark went and just ran following, wanting to eat that small fish. a44kitang.mataa 008 Iwa ba'e asuk sol kalame sangan bul. yia -wa ba'e a- suk sol kalame sanga -n bul 3S -DEF shark S.MKR- INTENS run come close.to -3S.IPM canoe PRO -ART n per.mkr- ADV vi v ipn -sfx n That shark just ran coming close to the canoe. a44kitang.mataa 009 Ya la ma uk olol sin aia karakin ba'e. ya la ma suk olol si -n aia karakin ba'e 1S go and INTENS surprised DAT -3S.IPM that.one very.large shark PRO v CNJ ADV ADJ ipn -sfx DEM ADJ n I went and just surprised about that great big shark. a44kitang.mataa 010 O ya suk mataa buka se. o ya suk mataa buka se and 1S INTENS fear very.much PERF CNJ PRO ADV vi adv ASP And I really was very afraid. a44kitang.mataa 011 Ya la ma uk tai mula ngen nugu sua ma uk alusa ya la ma suk ta -i mula ngen nugu sua ma suk alusa 1S go and INTENS pull -TR return motion 1S.POSS rope and INTENS paddle PRO v CNJ ADV v -TR vi ASP PRO n CNJ ADV v mula amuina ya ti kap adi ka billi mi ya. mula amuina ya ti akap adi ka billi mi ya returbecause 1S PST NEG get INDEF spear ACCOM 1S vi COND PRO TNS NEG v ART n PREP PRO I went and just pulled in my line and just paddled back because I didn't bring a spear with me. a44kitang.mataa 013 Ya alusa kalame ma uk le atel se. ya alusa kalame ma suk le atel se 1S paddle come and INTENS come come.up.from.water PERF PRO v v CNJ ADV v v ASP I paddled coming and just came up. 21/Dec/2000

a45kitang.maas a45kitang.maas 001 Yiaka maas ala lauteng sin biaka leng. yia ka maas a- la lauteng si -n bia ka leng 3S INDEF old.man S.MKR- go bush DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day PRO ART n per.mkr- v n ipn -sfx DEM ART n An old man went to the bush one day.

93

a45kitang.maas 002 Adi kan tetel ma ga lo tumaara eses kaale. adi kan tetel ma ga lo tumaara dup- es kaale get 3S.POSS knife and then slowly go.carefully CONT- walk go.east.up v PRO n CNJ TIME ASP v ASP- vi v He got his knife and then went walking slowly and carefully going up there. a45kitang.maas 003 Ala ma ga la chap lan uma. a- la ma ga la chap lan uma S.MKR- go and then go arrive in garden per.mkr- v CNJ TIME v v PREP n He went and then went and arrived in the garden. a45kitang.maas 004 Ala ma uk atilcholi taka, ataka ma taka taka taka o a- la ma suk a- tilcholi taka a- taka ma taka taka taka o S.MKR- go and INTENS S.MKR- start work S.MKR- work and work work work and per.mkr- v CNJ ADV per.mkr- v v per.mkr- v CNJ v v v CNJ ga suk marua chaka. ga suk marua chaka then INTENS thirsty badly TIME ADV ADJ ADV He went and just started work, he worked and worked and worked and then he was really badly thirsty. a45kitang.maas 005 Ala ma uk es mula sangan tu. a- la ma suk k es mula sanga -n tu S.MKR- go and INTENS ame walk return close.to -3S.IPM three per.mkr- v CNJ ADV DJ vi vi ipn -sfx PL He went and just walked near the sugar cane. a45kitang.maas 006 Awe ase chake tu o lawin tu asuk a- we a- se chake tu o lawin tu a- suk S.MKR- say S.MKR- PERF break.off sugarcane and leaf sugarcane S.MKR- INTENS per.mkr- v per.mkr- ASP v n CNJ n n per.mkr- ADV tae kan piak. tae kan piak cut 3S.POSS bald.head v PRO n He wanted and he broke off some sugar cane and a cane leaf just cut his bald head. a45kitang.maas 007 O ga suk es mula taman lolbir ta muina kan piak o ga suk es mula taman lolbir ta muina kan piak and then INTENS walk return INST worry REL.CL source 3S.POSS bald.head CNJ TIME ADV vi vi PREP v ASP n PRO n ase deldel arara. a- se dup- del arara S.MKR- PERF INTS- blood completely per.mkr- ASP ASP- n ADV And then he just walked back with worry because his bald head was all bloody. a45kitang.maas 008 O ga la, ga we, "chocha pisigamu piakaiau." o ga la ga we words of singsing and then go then say words of singsing CNJ TIME v TIME v words fo singsing And then he went singing "chocha pisigamu piakaiau". 21/Dec/2000

a46kunang.dokdok a46kunang.dokdok 001 Sin biaka leng, ya ma nugu nagaa ma nugu mom geem si -n bia ka leng ya ma nugu nagaa ma nugu mom geem DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day 1S and 1S.POSS mother and 1S.POSS father 1P.EX ipn -sfx DEM ART n PRO CNJ PRO n CNJ PRO n PRO ti la taka lan uma.

94

ti la taka lan uma PST go work in garden TNS v v PREP n One day me and my mother and my father went to work in the garden. a46kunang.dokdok 002 Geem ti atil choli tinaka lawaring la asuk la pupua geem ti a- til choli -in- taka lawaring la a- suk la pupua 1P.EX PST CAUS- stand hold -NOMR- work morning go S.MKR- INTENS go able PRO TNS pfx- v v -vinf- v n v per.mkr- ADV v v sin matanios ta la lapula. si -n matanios ta la lapula DAT -3S.IPM sun REL.CL go down ipn -sfx n ASP v PREP We started the work in the morning and worked all the way until the sun went down. a46kunang.dokdok 003 Ya ti suk marua chaka. ya ti suk marua chaka 1S PST INTENS thirsty badly PRO TNS ADV ADJ ADV I was practically dying of thirst. a46kunang.dokdok 004 Ya ga ti es lamua ngen delulu. ya ga ti es lamua ngen delalu 1S then PST walk before motion 3D.OBJ PRO TIME TNS vi n ASP PRO a46kunang.dokdok 005 Ya es la la apupua ya ta chap paina no niu. ya es la la a- pupua ya ta chap paina no niu 1S walk go go S.MKR- able 1S REL.CL arrive underneath PL coconut PRO vi v v per.mkr- v PRO ASP v PREP PL n I walked, going and going until I arrived underneath a coconut tree. a46kunang.dokdok 006 Ya tai sua, ya ga kosora kirakes. ya ta -i sua ya ga kosora kirakes 1S pull -TR rope 1S then make rope.loop PRO v -TR n PRO TIME v n I pulled up a vine and I made a loop. a46kunang.dokdok 007 Ya en kaale lapala ya suk la sali bung niu. ya en kaale lapala ya suk la sali bung niu 1S climb go.east.up up 1S INTENS go get.rid.of cluster coconut PRO vi v n PRO ADV v v n n I climbed going up. I just went and took off a cluster of coconuts. a46kunang.dokdok 008 Biaa ya ta sali bung niu arara ya ga we ya se chul, bia ya ta sali bung niu arara ya ga we ya se chul when 1S REL.CL get.rid.of cluster coconut completely 1S then say 1S PERF go.down REL PRO ASP v n n ADV PRO TIME v PRO ASP v ya suk kulit lolobet ina no pagaal ta lua ya suk kulit lolobet ina no pagaal ta lua 1S INTENS stuck middle GEN PL coconut.branch REL.CL two PRO ADV v n PREP PL n ASP NUM When I had finished removing the cluster of coconuts I wanted to go down. I really got stuck in between two branches of coconut. a46kunang.dokdok 010 Ya la, ya suk ile kupkup ngali nagaa. ya la ya suk ile dup- kup ngali nagaa 1S go 1S INTENS call CONT- shout REAS mother PRO v PRO ADV v ASP- v PREP n I went and I just called shouting for mother. a46kunang.dokdok 011

95

Nagaa ti kalame asuk es amusili ya. nagaa ti kalame a- suk es amusili ya mother PST come S.MKR- INTENS walk follow 1S n TNS v per.mkr- ADV vi v PRO Mother came and just walked following me. a46kunang.dokdok 012 Ga la tai sali ya lalan no pagaal o gelu ga ga la ta -i sali ya dupCV- lan no pagaal o gelu ga then go pull -TR get.rid.of 1S INTS- in PL coconut.branch and 1D.EX then TIME v v -TR v PRO ASP- PREP PL n CNJ PRO TIME chul kalame lapula. chul kalame lapula go.down come down v v PREP Then she went and pulled me out from between the branches adn we came down. a46kunang.dokdok 013 O geem suk es kalame lokobel. o geem suk es kalame lokobel and 1P.EX INTENS walk come place CNJ PRO ADV vi v n And we just walked coming to the village. 21/Dec/2000

a47kuba.kosor.uma a47kuba.kosor.uma 001 Kosor Uma. kosara uma make garden v n Making a garden. a47kuba.kosor.uma 002 Sin abia no meet sin ya ti dokdok mom ma nagaa delu ti kaa giwa ya sin abia no meet sin ya ti dokdok mom ma nagaa delu ti kaa giwa ya TEMP that PL year TEMP 1S PST small father and mother 3D PST do.habtl bring 1S PREP DEM PL n PREP PRO TNS ADJ n CNJ n PRO TNS ASP v PRO la lan uma. la lan uma go in garden v PREP n During the years when I was little, dad and mom would always take me to go to the garden. a47kuba.kosor.uma 003 Sin abia no meet ya ti kap ati mak ngali taka lan uma. sin abia no meet ya ti akap ati mak ngali taka lan uma TEMP that PL year 1S PST NEG know custom PURP work in garden PREP DEM PL n PRO TNS NEG v n PREP v PREP n During those years I did not know how to work the garden. a47kuba.kosor.uma 004 Sin abia no meet mom ti suk watwat sin asingan ya taman mak sin abia no meet mom ti suk dupCV- wat sin asingan ya taman mak TEMP that PL year father PST very INTENS- strong TEMP teach 1S INST custom PREP DEM PL n n TNS ADV ASP- adj PREP v PRO PREP n ngali taka uma. ngali taka uma PURP work garden PREP v n During those years dad was very strong about teaching me about the custom of working in the garden. a47kuba.kosor.uma 005 Sin abia leng ya ti se rom ati mak namang ina taka lan uma. si -n abia leng ya ti se rom ati mak namang ina taka lan uma DAT -3S.IPM that day 1S PST PERF change know custom custom GEN work in garden ipn -sfx DEM n PRO TNS ASP v v n n PREP v PREP n At that time I was beginning to know the custom of working the garden. a47kuba.kosor.uma 006

96

Sin marang lalamua ina tinaka ya setaun ati mak o namang ina sin marang dupCV- lamua ina tinaka ya setaun ati mak o namang ina TEMP something INTS- before GEN work 1S first know custom or custom GEN PREP n ASP- n PREP n PRO adv v n CNJ n PREP wori. wori weed v The first thing of the work, I first knew the custom of weeding. a47kuba.kosor.uma 007 Sin wori lan uma, nugu mom ma nugu nagaa delu suk taton buka sin wori lan uma nugu mom ina nugu nagaa delu suk taton buka TEMP weed in garden 1S.POSS father GEN 1S.POSS mother 3D very happy very.much PREP v PREP n PRO n PREP PRO n PRO ADV adj adv sin ya ta suk ati namang ina wori. sin ya ta suk ati namang ina wori TEMP 1S REL.CL very know custom GEN weed PREP PRO ASP ADV v n PREP v For weeding, my father and my mother were really happy that I really learned the custom of weeding. a47kuba.kosor.uma 008 Ya bula ya ti suk taton bula ngali til chomi mom ma nagaa ngali wori ya bula ya ti suk taton bula ngali til chomi mom ma nagaa ngali wori 1S also 1S PST very happy also PURP stand help father and mother PURP weed PRO ADV PRO TNS ADV adj ADV PREP v v n CNJ n PREP v lan uma. lan uma in garden PREP n And I too was very happy to help father and mother to weed the garden. a47kuba.kosor.uma 009 Nanalua ina tinaka, mom ase bula asingan ya taman sel nan- a- lua ina tinaka mom a- se bula asingan ya taman sel ORD- ADJ- two GEN work father SUBJ.AGR- PERF also teach 1S INST road NUM- adj_mkr- NUM PREP n n per_mkr- ASP ADV v PRO PREP n ngali kosora no barteng ina uma. ngali kosara no barteng ina uma PURP make PL fence GEN garden PREP v PL n PREP n The second of the work, father also taught me about the way of making garden fences. a47kuba.kosor.uma 010 Sin kan kariin adodo mom asuk saan ngali ina suk sin kan kariin adodo mom a- suk saan ngali ina suk TEMP 3S.POSS very.large think father S.MKR- INTENS like REAS GEN very PREP PRO ADJ v n per.mkr- ADV v PREP PREP ADV atik esagalen mak ina batangi uma. a- tik esaga -len mak ina batang -i uma SUBJ.AGR- know hurry -*** custom GEN make.fence -TR garden per_mkr- v v -*** n PREP v -TR n Dad's big idea was that he wanted me to really learn fast the custom of fencing a garden. a47kuba.kosor.uma 011 Sin leng ya ta ati sel ina si -n leng ya ta ati sel ina DAT -3S.IPM day 1S REL.CL know road GEN ipn -sfx n PRO ASP v n PREP batangi uma mom ma nagaa delu suk taton buka. batang -i uma mom ma nagaa delu suk taton buka make.fence -TR garden father and mother 3D INTENS happy very.much v -TR n n CNJ n PRO ADV adj adv On the day when I knew how to fence a garden Dad and Mom were extremely happy. a47kuba.kosor.uma 012 ma ya bula ya suk taton sin ya ta se ati mak o sel ina ma ya bula ya suk taton sin ya ta se ati mak o sel ina and 1S also 1S very happy TEMP 1S REL.CL PERF know custom or road GEN

97

CNJ PRO ADV PRO ADV adj PREP PRO ASP ASP v n CNJ n PREP batang. batang make.fence v and I too was very happy because I had learned how to fence. a47kuba.kosor.uma 013 Nugu mom asuk taton sin ya til chomi ngali batangi no nugu mom a- suk taton sin ya til chomi ngali batang -i no 1S_POSS father S.MKR- INTENS happy TEMP 1S stand help PURP make.fence -TR PL PRO n per.mkr- ADV adj PREP PRO v v PREP v -TR PL barateng ina uma barateng ina uma fence GEN garden n PREP n My father was very happy because I helped to fence the garden fences. a47kuba.kosor.uma 014 Sin abia no meet ya ti suk kaa taton ngali la la mi mom ma nagaa sin abia no meet ya ti suk kaa taton ngali la la mi mom ma nagaa TEMP that PL year 1S PST very do.habtl happy PURP go go ACCOM father and mother PREP DEM PL n PRO TNS ADV ASP adj PREP v v PREP n CNJ n lanno uma, amuina ya ta se ati sel ina wori ma batangi uma. lan no uma amuina ya ta se ati sel ina wori ma batang -i uma in PL garden because 1S REL.CL PERF know road GEN weed and make.fence -TR garden PREP PL n DISC PRO ASP ASP v n PREP v CNJ v -TR n In those years I was always very happy to go with father and mother to the garden because I had learned the way to weed and fence a garden. 21/Dec/2000

a48kuba.batangi.uma a48kuba.batangi.uma 001 Nawe tamat asan ngali bateng, lalamua ina was, naba nawe tamat a- saan ngali ba - teng dupCV- lamua ina was na ba suppose man S.MKR- like REAS FUT - cry INTS- before GEN thing IMPV FUT COND n per.mkr- v PREP TNS - vi ASP- n PREP n ASP TNS setaun kochomi ka'ka yos watwat. setaun kochomi ka'ka yos dup- wat first sharpen 3S.BEN digging.stick INTS- strong adv v PRO n ASP- ADJ If a man want s to fence, the first thing, he must first sharpen for himself a strong digging stick. a48kuba.batangi.uma 002 Lalamua ina nap, taulaa barateng, mil maaba na dupCV- lamua ina nap taulaa barateng mil mamba na INTS- before GEN part lay.bamboo.guide fence later now.later IMPV ASP- n PREP n v n adv n ASP buling. buling make.hole.with.yos v The first part, lay a bamboo guide, later he must dig a hole. a48kuba.batangi.uma 004 Nawe tamat asan ngali bulngi barateng na suk nawe tamat a- saan ngali buling -ngi barateng na suk suppose man S.MKR- like REAS make.hole.with.yos -TR fence IMPV INTENS COND n per.mkr- v PREP v -TR n ASP ADV buling riri. buling riri make.hole.with.yos go.down v v If he wants to dig a hole (for fence posts) he must really dig down deep. a48kuba.batangi.uma 005 Mil maaba na la koli kaa kit, o na suk adi no kit mil mamba na la koli kaa kit o na suk adi no kit later now.later IMPV go cut.down some fence.post and IMPV INTENS get PL fence.post

98

adv n ASP v v DEM n CNJ ASP ADV v PL n watwat. dup- wat INTS- strong ASP- ADJ Later he must go cut down some fence posts, and he must really get strong fence posts. a48kuba.batangi.uma 007 Ne naba atil kit arara, o asuk nawe a- ba a- til kit arara o a- suk suppose S.MKR- FUT CAUS- stand fence.post every and S.MKR- INTENS COND per.mkr- TNS pfx- v n ADJ CNJ per.mkr- ADV atilcholi bateng. a- tilcholi ba - teng S.MKR- start FUT - cry per.mkr- v TNS - vi when he stands up all the fence posts, and he has really started to fence. a48kuba.batangi.uma 008 Nawe arochi barateng, na rochi barateng taman no sua nawe a- rochi barateng na rochi barateng taman no sua suppose S.MKR- tie.together fence IMPV tie.together fence INST PL rope COND per.mkr- v n ASP v n PREP PL n watwat. dup- wat INTS- strong ASP- ADJ When he ties the fence together, he must tie it together with strong rope. a48kuba.batangi.uma 009 Yesan sua ina pichi barateng "bulbul". yesa -n sua ina pichi barateng bulbul name -3S.IPM rope GEN tie.up fence vine.type ipn -sfx n PREP v n PropN The name of the rope for tying up a fence is "bulbul". a48kuba.batangi.uma 010 Nawe tamat arochi ararai kan barateng, naba nawe tamat a- rochi arara -i kan barateng a- ba suppose man S.MKR- tie.together completely -TR 3S.POSS fence S.MKR- FUT COND n per.mkr- v ADV -TR PRO n per.mkr- TNS ben uraa kan barateng. ben uraa kan barateng first shake.s.t. 3S.POSS fence ASP v PRO n When the man has completely tied his fence, he should first shake his fence. a48kuba.batangi.uma 011 Nawe kan barateng atil watwat o ase kap, kan nawe kan barateng a- til dup- wat o a- se akap kan suppose 3S.POSS fence S.MKR- stand INTS- strong and S.MKR- PERF NEG 3S.POSS COND PRO n per.mkr- v ASP- ADJ CNJ per.mkr- ASP NEG PRO barateng asuk watwat buka. barateng a- suk dup- wat buka fence S.MKR- INTENS INTS- strong very.much n per.mkr- ADV ASP- ADJ adv If his fence stands strong, he is finished, his fence is really, very strong. 21/Dec/2000

a49kuba.ko.isa a49kuba.ko.isa 001 Sin biaka leng ya ti la lauteng. si -n bia ka leng ya ti la lauteng DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day 1S PST go bush ipn -sfx DEM ART n PRO TNS v n One day I went to the bush. a49kuba.ko.isa 002 O biaa nugu eses la lauteng, ya ti la ko isa ngali kuri o bia nugu dup- es la lauteng ya ti la koli isa ngali kuri

99

and that 1S.POSS CONT- walk go bush 1S PST go cut.down bamboo REAS make.wall CNJ DEM PRO ASP- vi v n PRO TNS v v n PREP v nugu anua. nugu anua 1S.POSS house PRO n And (about) that my walking going to the bush, I was going to cut down bamboo to wall my house. a49kuba.ko.isa 004 Sin abia leng ya ti kap lasi chichi. si -n abia leng ya ti akap lasi chichi DAT -3S.IPM that day 1S PST NEG see snake ipn -sfx DEM n PRO TNS NEG vt n On that day I didn't see the snake. a49kuba.ko.isa 005 Yesan aia chichi muat. yesa -n aia chichi *** name -3S.IPM that.one snake *** ipn -sfx DEM n *** The name of that snake is muat. a49kuba.ko.isa 006 Ya ti aturungi no isa papan. ya ti aturung -i no isa dupCV- pan 1S PST put -TR PL bamboo INTS- on PRO TNS v -TR PL n ASP- PREP I put the bamboo on (it). a49kuba.ko.isa 007 Ya ti ga suk ros tadamen mi no isa. ya ti ga suk rochi tadamen mi no isa 1S PST then INTENS tie.together together.with? ACCOM PL bamboo PRO TNS TIME ADV v PREP PREP PL n Then I really tied it together with the bamboo. a49kuba.ko.isa 008 O mil, ya ti se alet langen poko isa lapala, o ya o mil ya ti se alet la ngen poko isa lapala o ya and later 1S PST PERF lift.carry go motion bundle.sticks bamboo up and 1S CNJ adv PRO TNS ASP v v ASP n n n CNJ PRO suk lasi Muat ta lulu sin poko isa. suk lasi *** ta lulu si -n poko isa INTENS see *** REL.CL hang.up DAT -3S.IPM bundle.sticks bamboo ADV vt *** ASP v ipn -sfx n n And then I picked up the bundle of bamboo. And I just saw the muat hanging from the bundle of bamboo. a49kuba.ko.isa 009 Biaa ya ti lasi, ya suk li poko isa mi nugu tetel. bia ya ti lasi ya suk li poko isa mi nugu tetel when 1S PST see 1S INTENS throw.out bundle.sticks bamboo ACCOM 1S.POSS knife REL PRO TNS vt PRO ADV v n n PREP PRO n When I saw (it), I just threw the bundle of bamboo with my knife. a49kuba.ko.isa 010 O ya suk sol papali tetel mi poko isa o ya suk sol. o ya suk sol papali tetel mi poko isa o ya suk sol and 1S INTENS run leave knife ACCOM bundle.sticks bamboo and 1S INTENS run CNJ PRO ADV vi v n PREP n n CNJ PRO ADV vi And I really ran leaving my knife and the bundle of bamboo and I just ran. a49kuba.ko.isa 011 Mil no leng ta tul ti liu, o ya ti se bula la lan abia kolot mil no leng ta tul ti liu o ya ti se bula la lan abia kolot later PL day REL.CL three PST completely and 1S PST PERF again go in that place adv PL n ASP NUM TNS ADV CNJ PRO TNS ASP ADV v PREP DEM n ngali la adi nugu tetel. ngali la adi nugu tetel REAS go get 1S.POSS knife PREP v v PRO n

100

Later after there days had gone by, I went again to that place to go get my knife. a49kuba.ko.isa 012 O ya ti se kap bula lasi Muat, ti se sol. o ya ti se akap bula lasi *** ti se sol and 1S PST PERF NEG again see *** PST PERF run CNJ PRO TNS ASP NEG ADV vt *** TNS ASP vi And I didn't see the muat again, it had run away. a49kuba.ko.isa 013 Poko isa, ya se palo ngali adi. poko isa ya se palo ngali adi bundle.sticks bamboo 1S PERF dislike REAS get n n PRO ASP vi PREP v The bundle, I didn't like to get it! a49kuba.ko.isa 014 Bia mu. bia mu that only DEM ADV That's all. 21/Dec/2000

a50kuba.bool.kalili a50kuba.bool.kalili 001 Sin biaka leng ya ti la lauteng taman no kapuna. si -n bia ka leng ya ti la lauteng taman no kapuna DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day 1S PST go bush INST PL dog ipn -sfx DEM ART n PRO TNS v n PREP PL n One day I went to the bush with dogs. a50kuba.bool.kalili 002 Sin abia leng no kapuna di suk kalili bool aina taman kan no si -n abia leng no kapuna di suk kalil -i bool aina taman kan no DAT -3S.IPM that day PL dog 3P INTENS chase -TR pig woman INST 3S.POSS PL ipn -sfx DEM n PL n PRO ADV v -TR n n PREP PRO PL chi dokdok. chi dokdok child small n ADJ On that day the dogs really chased a mama pig with her small piglets. a50kuba.bool.kalili 003 Biaa cha bool ti magaa ngali kano chi dokdok, asuk chaapi no bia cha bool ti magaa ngali kan no chi dokdok a- suk chaapi no that yet pig PST angry REAS 3S.POSS PL child small S.MKR- INTENS kill PL DEM ADV n TNS ADJ PREP PRO PL n ADJ per.mkr- ADV v PL kapuna. kapuna dog n Just then the pig was really angry because of her piglets. She really fought the dogs. a50kuba.bool.kalili 004 Biaa bool ti sas ararai no kapuna, o asuk lasi ya, o ga bia bool ti sas arara -i no kapuna o a- suk lasi ya o ga that pig PST fight completely -TR PL dog and S.MKR- INTENS see 1S and then DEM n TNS v ADV -TR PL n CNJ per.mkr- ADV vt PRO CNJ TIME suk sol kalame, ngali le chaapi ya. suk sol kalame ngali le chaapi ya INTENS run come REAS come kill 1S ADV vi v PREP v v PRO That pig completely fought off the dogs just saw me and then really ran coming to attack me. a50kuba.bool.kalili 005 Ya suk sol la lapala pan biaka kaat loot. ya suk sol la lapala pan bia ka kaat loot 1S INTENS run go up on that INDEF stone big PRO ADV vi v n PREP DEM ART n ADJ

101

I really ran going up on a big stone. a50kuba.bool.kalili 006 Ya ti suk didir no isuaga ti suk didir buka maaga ya ti suk didir no isua -gV ti suk didir buka ma -VgV 1S PST INTENS quake PL skin -1S.IPM PST INTENS quake very.much 3S.BEN -1S.IPM PRO TNS ADV v PL ipn -sfx TNS ADV v adv PRO -sfx nan bua ti suk lo. nan bua ti suk lo DEF beetlenut PST INTENS fly ART n TNS ADV v I was really shaking, my whole body was really shaking and "good thoughts" (a little buai for me) really just flew. a50kuba.bool.kalili 007 Bool asuk san cha ngali chaapi ya. bool a- suk saan cha ngali chaapi ya pig S.MKR- INTENS like yet REAS kill 1S n per.mkr- ADV v ADV PREP v PRO The pig really wanted to kill me. a50kuba.bool.kalili 008 Ya ti suk didir chaka. ya ti suk didir chaka 1S PST INTENS quake badly PRO TNS ADV v ADV I really was shaking badly. a50kuba.bool.kalili 009 Mil no kapuna di ti sebula le kalili bool sangan ya, ya mil no kapuna di ti se - bula le kalil -i bool sanga -n ya ya later PL dog 3P PST PERF - again come chase -TR pig close.to -3S.IPM 1S 1S adv PL n PRO TNS ASP - ADV v v -TR n ipn -sfx PRO PRO suk chul pan kaat, o ya suk sol la lokobel. suk chul pan kaat o ya suk sol la lokobel INTENS go.down on stone and 1S INTENS run go place ADV v PREP n CNJ PRO ADV vi v n Later the dogs again came and chased the pig near me, I just got down from the stone and I really ran going to the village. a50kuba.bool.kalili 010 Biaa ya ti sol kalame lokobel ya ti solsol taman minataa mu. bia ya ti sol kalame lokobel ya ti dup- sol taman mataa -in- mu when 1S PST run come place 1S PST CONT- run INST fear -NOMR- only REL PRO TNS vi v n PRO TNS ASP- vi PREP vi -vinf- ADV When I ran coming to the village I was running with fear only. a50kuba.bool.kalili 012 Bia mu. bia mu that only DEM ADV That is all. 21/Dec/2000

a51kager.makil a51kager.makil 001 Ya ti taka mi no Japan, no yesan no Japan Edo Sang, Imiwa Sang. ya ti taka mi no Japan no yesa -n no Japan Edo Sang Imiwa Sang 1S PST work ACCOM PL *** PL name -3S.IPM PL *** name name name name PRO TNS v PREP PL *** PL ipn -sfx PL *** PropN PropN PropN PropN I worked with the Japanese, their names were Edo Sang and Imiwa Sang. a51kager.makil 002 Di ti manman pan Liabut. di ti manman pan Liabut 3P PST clothing on place PRO TNS n PREP PropN They lived on Liabut. a51kager.makil 003 O biaka leng di ga tore lan sua la Fissoa. o bia ka leng di ga tore lan sua la issoa

102

and that INDEF day 3P then talk in rope go place CNJ DEM ART n PRO TIME v PREP n v PropN One day they talked on the radio to Fissoa. a51kager.makil 004 Di ga tore we atala "Fissoa, Fissoa, ano nee ano nee," Akap ka na di ga tore we atala issoa issoa ano nee ano nee akap ka ina 3P then talk say here place place Japanese talk NEG INDEF GEN PRO TIME v v DEM PropN PropN n NEG ART PREP kisi. kis -i reply -TR v -TR They talked like this, "Fissoa, Fissoa, ano nee, ano nee," No one replied. a51kager.makil 005 O di ga suk atiki sua ina totore ase mut o di ga suk a- tik -i sua ina dupCV- tore a- se mut and 3P then INTENS CAUS- know -TR rope GEN NOMR- talk S.MKR- PERF broken CNJ PRO TIME ADV pfx- v -TR n PREP ASP- v per.mkr- ASP v tilu pan pulpulis Liadan. tilu pan pulpulis Liadan dir.west on bridge name LOC PREP n PropN Then they really knew that the line of talking was broken down there at the bridge at Liadan. a51kager.makil 006 Edo Sang ma Imiwa Sang delu suk giwa ya ngali la lasi abia sua ta Edo Sang ma Imiwa Sang delu suk giwa ya ngali la lasi abia sua ta name name and name name 3D INTENS bring 1S REAS go see that rope REL.CL PropN PropN CNJ PropN PropN PRO ADV v PRO PREP v vt DEM n ASP mut. mut broken v Edo Sang and Imiwa Sang just brought me to go see that line that was broken. a51kager.makil 007 Getu la chap Liadan, getu lasi sua ase mut, getu tai, getu la chap Liadan getu lasi sua a- se mut getu ta -i 1T.EX go arrive name 1T.EX see rope S.MKR- PERF broken 1T.EX pull -TR PRO v v PropN PRO vt n per.mkr- ASP v PRO v -TR atutiki. a- tutik -i CAUS- straight -TR pfx- adj -TR We went and arrived at Liadan. We saw the line was broken. We pulled and straightened it. a51kager.makil 008 O Imiwa Sang ga tulen ya ngali tale nan tong dokdok. o Imiwa Sang ga tulen ya ngali tale nan tong dokdok and name name then send 1S REAS cut DEF mangrove small CNJ PropN PropN TIME v PRO PREP v ART n ADJ And then Imiwa Sang sent me to cut a small mangrove tree. a51kager.makil 009 Edo Sang ga lasi abia tong ya ta tale ga we, "Sa tulen yu ngali Edo Sang ga lasi abia tong ya ta tale ga we sa tulen yu ngali name name then see that mangrove 1S REL.CL cut then say who send 2S REAS PropN PropN TIME vt DEM n PRO ASP v TIME v PRO v PRO PREP tale abia tong?" tale abia tong cut that mangrove v DEM n Then Edo Sang saw that mangrove that I cut and said, "Who sent you to cut that mangrove?" a51kager.makil 010 O ya ga we Imiwa Sang atulen ya. o ya ga we Imiwa Sang a- tulen ya and 1S then say name name S.MKR- send 1S

103

CNJ PRO TIME v PropN PropN per.mkr- v PRO And I said, "Imiwa Sang sent me." a51kager.makil 011 Edo Sang asuk tapas ma ga tabai sin biaka Edo Sang a- suk tapas ma ga tabai si -n bia ka name name S.MKR- INTENS start and then slap.punch DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF PropN PropN per.mkr- ADV v CNJ TIME v ipn -sfx DEM ART talingaga. talinga -gV ear -1S.IPM ipn -sfx Edo Sang just up and slapped my one ear. a51kager.makil 012 O ga we na se bula tabai biaka talingaga, ya ga adodo o ga we ina se bula tabai bia ka talinga -gV ya ga adodo and then say GEN PERF again slap.punch that INDEF ear -1S.IPM 1S then think CNJ TIME v PREP ASP ADV v DEM ART ipn -sfx PRO TIME v we atala balawa naba se kutkutchili ya taman kan no bubut. we atala bala -wa a- ba se dupCVC- kutchil -i ya taman kan no bubut say here this -DEF S.MKR- FUT PERF CONT- kick -TR 1S INST 3S.POSS PL shoe v DEM DEM -ART per.mkr- TNS ASP ASP- v -TR PROPREP PRO PL n And then he wanted to again slap my other ear. a51kager.makil 014 Ya ga suk tore we atala, "Chikoki." ya ga suk tore we atala *Japanese* 1S then INTENS talk say here *Japanese* PRO TIME ADV v v DEM *Japanese* Then I just said like this, "Airplane". a51kager.makil 015 Asol porokli ya. a- sol porokli ya S.MKR- run leave 1S per.mkr- vi v PRO He ran leaving me. a51kager.makil 016 Gelalu are gelu suk sol, tutik maan asuk sol kalame. gelulu are gelu suk sol tutik maan a- suk sol kalame 1D.EX.OBJ stay 1D.EX INTENS run straight bird S.MKR- INTENS run come PRO v PRO ADV vi adj n per.mkr- ADV vi v We stayed and really ran, and right away a plane just ran coming in. a51kager.makil 017 O gelu ga suk la kukui lan lia. o gelu ga suk la kukui lan lia and 1D.EX then INTENS go hide in cave CNJ PRO TIME ADV v v PREP n Then we just went and hide in a cave. a51kager.makil 018 Male bia mu. Ase kap. malen bia mu a- se akap like that only S.MKR- PERF NEG ADJ DEM ADV per.mkr- ASP NEG I think that is all. It is finished. 21/Dec/2000

a52kager.chulao a52kager.chulao 001 No mat chunulao akudu. no mat chulao -in- a- kudu PL kind fish -NOMR- ADJR- plenty PL n v -vinf- pfx- ADV (There are) many kinds of fishing. a52kager.chulao 002 1. Ada: no kaat di akumuli no. Biaka ada dis,

104

1 ada no kaat di a- kumul -i no bia ka ada dis 1 pile.of.stones PL stone 3P ADJR- group -TR PL that INDEF pile.of.stones long 1 n PL n PRO pfx- v -TR PL DEM ART n ADJ biaka batawai. No ko di ga la chiga lalan ada bia ka batawai no ko di ga la chiga dupCV- lan ada that INDEF circle.of.stones PL fish 3P then go enter INTS- in pile.of.stones DEM ART n PL n PRO TIME v v ASP- PREP n malen kadi anua. Leng di se taka aturung ngali puchi ada, di ba malen kadi anua leng di se taka aturung ngali puchi ada di ba like POSS- 3P house day 3P PERF work put REAS turn pile.of.stones 3P FUT ADJ pfx- PRO n n PRO ASP v v PREP vt n PRO TNS es ulti ma di pan achigali no ko lan es ulti ma di pan a- chiga - li no ko lan walk encircle and 3P make.noise.to.scare.fish CAUS- enter - throw.out PL fish in vi v CNJ PRO v pfx- v - v PL n PREP ada. O di na le kali abia ada. Lalan ada o di na le kaale abia ada dupCV- lan pile.of.stones and 3P IMPV come go.east.up that pile.of.stones INTS- in n CNJ PRO ASP v v DEM n ASP- PREP ada ase us taman ko. ada a- se us taman ko pile.of.stones S.MKR- PERF full INST fish n per.mkr- ASP ADJ PREP n 1. Ada: They pile up stones. One (type is called) long ada, the other "batawai" (is circular). The fish go inside it like it is their house. When they are ready to turn the stones, they walk around the ada and they make noise to chase the fish into the ada. And they must come and surround (til kaali?) that ada. Inside the ada is full of fish. a52kager.chulao 004 2. Mat: u ba kosora kuchira. U ba adi kuchira. U ba 2 mat yu ba kosora kuchira yu ba adi kuchira yu ba 2 hole 2S FUT make multi.point.spear 2S FUT get multi.point.spear 2S FUT 2 n PRO TNS v n PRO TNS v n PRO TNS kokoen no ko ngali u ba choka no ko. dupCV- koen no ko ngali yu ba choka no ko CONT- sneak.up.on PL fish REAS 2S FUT spear PL fish ASP- v PL n PREP PRO TNS v PL n Mat: you will make a kuchira. You will get the kuchira. You will sneak up on the fish so that you will spare the fish. a52kager.chulao 006 3. Ngangaul: u ba adi ka sua. O u ga aturungi pu ngangaul 3 dupCV- ngaul yu ba adi ka sua o yu ga aturung -i pu dupCV- ngaul 3 CONT- hook 2S FUT get INDEF rope and 2S then put -TR piece NOMR- hook 3 ASP- v PRO TNS v ART n CNJ PRO TIME v -TR n ASP- v sin sua. si -n sua DAT -3S.IPM rope ipn -sfx n Hooking: You will get a line. And you they put a small hook on the line. a52kager.chulao 008 Mil u ba chaba ka pu baa, ka pu ko, ka pu mil yu ba chaba ka pu baa ka pu ko ka pu later 2S FUT put.hook.through INDEF piece bait INDEF piece fish INDEF piece adv PRO TNS v ART n n ART n n ART n ulita. una li langen. no ko di ba usngi. ko awe ulita yu na li la ngen no ko di ba us -ngi ko a- we octopus 2S IMPV throw.out go motion PL fish 3P FUT smell -TR fish S.MKR- say n PRO ASP v v ASP PL n PRO TNS v -TR n per.mkr- v ala ngane' abia kotin baa. asuk ngangaul. a- la ngane' abia katin baa a- suk dupCV- ngaul S.MKR- go eat that piece bait S.MKR- INTENS CONT- hook per.mkr- v v DEM n n per.mkr- ADV ASP- v Later you will bait the hook (with) a small (piece of) fish (or) a small (piece of) octopus. You must throw it out. The fish will smell it. The fish will want to go eat that piece of bait. a52kager.chulao 009 Male bia mu.

105

malen bia mu like that only ADJ DEM ADV I think that is all. 21/Dec/2000

a53kager.garale a53kager.garale 001 Garale. Ilawa tamat in Amba. O ga manman Saali yia ina Garale ila -wa tamat ina Amba o ga dup- man Saali yia ina name this.anim -DEF man GEN Amba and then CONT- stay place 3S GEN PropN PRO -ART n PREP PropN CNJ TIME ASP- v PropN PRO PREP matenbung Sililia yia unchunulao akap pelpelmet. matenbung Sililia yia un- chulao -in- akap dupCVC- pelmet clan name 3S AGNT- fish -NOMR- NEG HAB- tired.of.s.t. n PropN PRO pfx- v -vinf- NEG ASP- v Garale. He was a man from Amba. Then he was staying in Sali. He was in the Sililia clan. He was a fisherman and he never got tired of it. a53kager.garale 002 Nanlawinlala ala chap sangan Garale. Nanlawinlala a- la chap sanga -n Garale preacher S.MKR- go arrive close.to -3S.IPM name n per.mkr- v v ipn -sfx PropN The preacher went and came up near Garale. a53kager.garale 003 O ga asaiti ga we sin abala leng pat lapala talatala o ga asait -i ga we si -n a- bala leng pat lapala talatala and then tell -TR then say DAT -3S.IPM ADJR- this day holy up Reverend CNJ TIME vi -TR TIME v ipn -sfx pfx- DEM n v n n naba le sili iu, sa yesaam ba di ba sili yu taman? a- ba le sil -i yia - yu sa yesa -Vm ba di ba sil -i yu taman S.MKR- FUT come wash -TR 3S - 2S who name -2SIPM FUT 3P FUT wash -TR 2S INST per.mkr- TNS v v -TR PRO - PRO PRO ipn -sfx TNS PRO TNS v -TR PRO PREP He told him saying, "On this next Sunday the Reverend will baptize you. What name will they baptize you with? a53kager.garale 004 Garale awe, "O balawa yes, 'Yesu'?" Garale a- we o bala -wa yesa 'Yesu' name S.MKR- say and this -DEF name name PropN per.mkr- v CNJ DEM -ART ipn PropN Garale said, "And (what about) this name Jesus?" a53kager.garale 005 Nanlawinlala awe, "Akap! nan lawin lala a- we akap DEF leaf leaf S.MKR- say NEG ART n n per.mkr- v NEG The preacher said, "NO! a53kager.garale 006 Bia yes akap ka na adadi. bia yesa akap ka na dupCV- adi that name NEG INDEF IMPV HAB- get DEM ipn NEG ART ASP ASP- v That name no one can take!" a53kager.garale 007 Sin ta muina ya san ngali abia yes "Yesu" ngali nawe sin si -n ta muina ya saan ngali abia yesa Yesu ngali nawe si -n DAT -3S.IPM REL.CL source 1S like REAS that name Jesus REAS suppose DAT -3S.IPM ipn -sfx ASP n PRO v PREP DEM ipn PropN PREP COND ipn -sfx kan nan alua ina mula kalame Yesu, O, no inaman di ba chap kan nan a- lua ina mula kalame Yesu o no inaman di ba chap 3S.POSS DEF ADJR- two GEN return come Jesus and PL people 3P FUT arrive PRO ART pfx- NUM PREP vi v PropN CNJ PL n PRO TNS v ekumuli sangan Yesu, o ya ba suk tiltil tulo e- kumul -i sanga -n Yesu o ya ba suk dup- til tulo recip- group -TR close.to -3S.IPM Jesus and 1S FUT INTENS CONT- stand down.from

106

vpfx- v -TR ipn -sfx PropN CNJ PRO TNS ADV ASP- v DEIC mil, Yesu naba we pelkaga kalame tala lamua. mil Yesu a- ba we pelka -gV kalame tala lamua later Jesus S.MKR- FUT say same.name -1S.IPM come here before adv PropN per.mkr- TNS v ipn -sfx v LOC n The reason I want that name Jesus is because when Jesus' second coming happens, and the people will come up and gather around close to Jesus, And I will just be standing down behind, Jesus will say, "Hey namesake, come here in front." a53kager.garale 008 Bia mu ase kap. bia mu a- se akap that only S.MKR- PERF NEG DEM ADV per.mkr- ASP NEG That is all, the end. 21/Dec/2000

a54kager.turuk a54kager.turuk 001 Turuk ma kapuna delu masen kan tat akau. Turuk ma kapuna delu masen kan tat akau wallaby and dog 3D man's_brother 3S.POSS brother good n CNJ n PRO n PRO n ADJ The turuk and the dog were good friends. a54kager.turuk 002 Biaka leng delu laa lauteng, turuk ga papali kapuna sin bia ka leng delu la lauteng turuk ga papali kapuna si -n that INDEF day 3D go bush wallaby then leave dog DAT -3S.IPM DEM ART n PRO v n n TIME v n ipn -sfx biaka kolot, O, ga laa chap paina yi Lipua. bia ka kolot o ga la chap paina yi Lipua that INDEF place and then go arrive underneath tree tree.sp DEM ART n CNJ TIME v v PREP n n One day they went to the bush, the turuk left the dog in one place and went and arrived under a Lipua tree. a54kager.turuk 003 Kapuna alaa chap sangan turuk, turuk ta ngane' Lipua. kapuna a- la chap sanga -n turuk turuk ta ngane' Lipua dog S.MKR- go arrive close.to -3S.IPM wallaby wallaby REL.CL eat tree.sp n per.mkr- v v ipn -sfx n n ASP v n The dog came near the turuk when he was eating Lipua (fruit) a54kager.turuk 004 Ga achura turuk, “Tat, u ngane' sa’?” ga achura turuk tat yu ngane' sa then ask wallaby brother 2S eat who TIME v n n PRO v PRO Then asked the turuk, "bro, what are you eating?" a54kager.turuk 006 Turuk awe, “Ya ngane' tee.” Kapuna alaa asuk ngane' turuk a- we ya ngane' tee kapuna a- la a- suk ngane' wallaby S.MKR- say 1S eat feces dog S.MKR- go S.MKR- INTENS eat n per.mkr- v PRO v n n per.mkr- v per.mkr- ADV v tee. tee feces n The turuk said, "I am eating feces." The dog just went and ate feces. a54kager.turuk 007 Turuk awe, “Ya apanai mu yu. ya ngane' Lipua.” turuk a- we ya apanai mu yu ya ngane' Lipua wallaby S.MKR- say 1S trick only 2S 1S eat tree.sp n per.mkr- v PRO v ADV PRO PRO v n The turuk said, "I was just kidding, I am eating Lipua fruit." a54kager.turuk 008 Kapuna asuk magaa. kapuna a- suk magaa

107

dog S.MKR- INTENS angry n per.mkr- ADV ADJ the dog was really mad! 21/Dec/2000

a55kager.kontu a55kager.kontu 001 Sin 1951 lotu ti akilangi ya ngali laa nan lawin lala Kontu si -n 1951 lotu ti akila -ngi ya ngali la nan lawin lala Kontu DAT -3S.IPM 1951 church PST mark -TR 1S REAS go DEF leaf leaf Kontu ipn -sfx 1951 n TNS v -TR PRO PREP v ART n n PropN sin ya ti kulau cha. ya ti kap mager makis. si -n ya ti kulau cha ya ti akap mager makiis DAT -3S.IPM 1S PST young.man yet 1S PST NEG not.yet marry ipn -sfx PRO TNS n ADV PRO TNS NEG adv vi In 1951 the church marked me to go "preach" in Kontu when I was still young. I wasn't married yet. a55kager.kontu 002 Ya ti chap, no kulau di ti la matmatul mi ya, bia leng ti kap ya ti chap no kulau di ti la dupCVC- matul mi ya bia leng ti akap 1S PST arrive PL young.man 3P PST go HAB- sleep ACCOM 1S that day PST NEG PRO TNS v PL n PRO TNS v ASP- v PREP PRO DEM n TNS NEG kaa lukal, sin takatul di ga we gita ba la par. kaa lukal si -n taka tul di ga we gita ba la par some food DAT -3S.IPM work three 3P then say 1D.INC FUT go squeeze.sago DEM n ipn -sfx v NUM PRO TIME v PRO TNS v v I arrived, the young men slept with me. At that time there was no food. On Wednesday they said, "Lets go squeeze sago. a55kager.kontu 003 Geem se pade lawaring sin takatul geem se laa chap lan buti, geem se pade lawaring si -n taka tul geem se la chap lan buti 1P.EX PERF awake morning DAT -3S.IPM work three 1P.EX PERF go arrive in swamp PRO ASP v n ipn -sfx v NUM PRO ASP v v PREP n geem se tale saksak, geem tilcholi par ya ga asaiti nochi geem se tale saksak geem tilcholi par ya ga asait -i no -chi 1P.EX PERF cut sago.palm 1P.EX start squeeze.sago 1S then tell -TR PL -well PRO ASP v n PRO v v PRO TIME vi -TR PL -ADV sin alua ina kolot ina leng ya ba papali gim. Ya kosora kadi si -n a- lua ina kolot ina leng ya ba papali gim ya kosora kad -i DAT -3S.IPM ADJR- two GEN place GEN day 1S FUT leave 2P 1S make cane -TR ipn -sfx pfx- NUM PREP n PREP n PRO TNS v PRO PRO v n -TR kale etudim no ekelesia tamat ma aina. kale e- tudim no ekelesia tamat ma aina sit recip- gather PL chuch.leaders man and woman v vpfx- v PL n n CNJ n We got up in the morning on Wednesday, we went and arrived in the swamp. We chopped a sago palm. We started to squeeze sago and I told the boys that at 2:00 I will leave them. I am preparing a meeting for the church leaders, men and women. a55kager.kontu 004 Yia nugu ka kuk sarsar rupugu, ga we ina asaiti ya yia nugu ka kuk dupCVC- sar rupu -gV ga we ina asait -i ya 3S 1S.POSS INDEF one NOMR- play kin.cousin -1S.IPM then say GEN tell -TR 1S PRO PRO ART NUM ASP- vi n -sfx TIME v PREP vi -TR PRO biaa uba ta laa lalaabut maranis yia ta manman atia. bia yu - ba ta la lalaalbut maranis yia ta Dup- man atia that 2S - FUT REL.CL go Lalabut bush.spirit 3S REL.CL HAB- stay there DEM PRO - TNS ASP v PropN n PRO ASP ASP- v LOC One of my cousins told me if you go to Lalabut there is a bush spirit that lives in there. a55kager.kontu 005 Ya se eses laalaa ya se laa chap Lalaabut tutik ya se dupCV- es dup- la ya se la chap lalaabut tutik 1S PERF CONT- walk CONT- go 1S PERF go arrive Lalabut straight PRO ASP ASP- vi ASP- v PRO ASP v v PropN adj sangan karakin yie. sanga -n karakin yi close.to -3S.IPM very.large tree

108

ipn -sfx ADJ n I walked going and I arrived at Lalabut right next to a big tree. a55kager.kontu 006 Lawin karkaruwau ta kol tutik sin ya ta eses, biaa ya lawin karkaruwau ta kol tutik si -n ya ta dupCV- es bia ya leaf vine.sp REL.CL fall straight DAT -3S.IPM 1S REL.CL CONT- walk when 1S n n ASP vi adj ipn -sfx PRO ASP ASP- vi REL PRO ta olol ya suk kupkup ma ya suk didir, O, ya gawe ta olol ya suk dupCVC- kup ma ya suk didir o ya ga - we REL.CL surprised 1S INTENS CONT- shout and 1S INTENS quake and 1S then - say ASP ADJ PRO ADV ASP- v CNJ PRO ADV v CNJ PRO TIME - v maranis na ba se chili ya ma ya suk sol laa lokobel. maranis na ba se chil -i ya ma ya suk sol la lokobel bush.spirit IMPV FUT PERF hold -TR 1S and 1S INTENS run go place n ASP TNS ASP v -TR PRO CNJ PRO ADV vi v n A leaf of a Karkaruwau fell straight on me when I was walking, When I was surprised I just screamed and shook. An I thought the bush spirit was going to get me and ya just ran to the village. a55kager.kontu 007 Biamu ase kap. bia - mu a- se akap that - only S.MKR- PERF NEG DEM - ADV per.mkr- ASP NEG That is all, the end. 21/Dec/2000

a56kager.kuul.kuen a56kager.kuul.kuen 001 Tamat in kuul ala chulao, O, ga la chaapi ulita, ma ga le tamat ina kuul a- la chulao o ga la chaapi ulita ma ga le man GEN big.bush S.MKR- go fish and then go kill octopus and then come n PREP n per.mkr- v v CNJ TIME v v n CNJ TIME v aku ngali ga se mosos, ma ga suk ngane', bia ta ngane' aku ngali ga se mosos ma ga suk ngane' bia ta ngane' cook REAS then PERF done.cooking and then INTENS eat when REL.CL eat v PREP TIME ASP v CNJ TIME ADV v REL ASP v aia ulita angane' mu no kilkil. pines ina ulita awe no aia ulita a- ngane' mu no kilkil pines ina ulita a- we no that.one octopus S.MKR- eat only PL skin meat GEN octopus S.MKR- say PL DEM n per.mkr- v ADV PL n n PREP n per.mkr- v PL tuen, ga la ma aturungi lapala pan yie. tuen ga la ma aturung -i lapala pan yi bone then go and put -TR up on fire n TIME v CNJ v -TR n PREP n A man from the big bush went fishing. He got an octopus and then came and cooked it, then it was done and he ate it. When he ate that octopus, he only ate the skin. The meat of the octopus he thought was bone, so he went and put it on the fire. a56kager.kuul.kuen 002 Tamat in kuen ga chap ga we use chap mil, ya ta se tamat ina kuen ga chap ga we yu - se chap mil ya ta se man GEN beach then arrive then say 2S - PERF arrive later 1S REL.CL PERF n PREP n TIME v TIME v PRO - ASP v adv PRO ASP ASP ngane' ulita. ngane' ulita eat octopus v n A man from the beach came up and he said, "You have come late, I just ate an octopus." a56kager.kuul.kuen 003 No tuen aubala. Tamat in kuen asuk ngane' ulita. no tuen a- mu bala tamat ina kuen a- suk ngane' ulita PL bone ADJR- only this man GEN beach S.MKR- INTENS eat octopus PL n pfx- ADV DEM n PREP n per.mkr- ADV v n Just the bones are here." The man from the beach just ate the octopus. 21/Dec/2000

a57dinah.dokdok a57dinah.dokdok 001

109

Sin leng ya ti chana dokdok, mom ma nagaa delu ti la lan uma. si -n leng ya ti chana dokdok mom ma nagaa delu ti la lan uma DAT -3S.IPM day 1S PST girl small father and mother 3D PST go in garden ipn -sfx n PRO TNS n ADJ n CNJ n PRO TNS v PREP n One day when I was a little girl, father and mother went to the garden. a57dinah.dokdok 002 Mom adi kan kula ma tetel, o nagaa adi kiis ma kan tetel mi mom adi kan kula ma tetel o nagaa adi kiis ma kan tetel mi father get 3S.POSS axe and knife and mother get basket and 3S.POSS knife ACCOM n v PRO n CNJ n CNJ n v n CNJ PRO n PREP sobuk daan ngali nun. sobuk daan ngali nun bamboo.cup water REAS drink n n PREP v Father got his axe and knife and mother got a basket and her knife and a bottle of water to drink. a57dinah.dokdok 003 Ya ti lasi delu ti es la ma ya ti ga sol tengteng amil. ya ti lasi delu ti es la ma ya ti ga sol dupCV- teng amil 1S PST see 3D PST walk go and 1S PST then run CONT- cry come.behind PRO TNS vt PRO TNS vi v CNJ PRO TNS TIME vi ASP- vi v I saw them walking ahead and I ran crying after them. a57dinah.dokdok 004 Getu la es chap lan uma sangan tinaka kakau. getu la es chap lan uma sanga -n -in- taka kakau 1T.EX go walk arrive in garden close.to -3S.IPM -NOMR- work cocoa PRO v vi v PREP n ipn -sfx -vinf- v n We went and arrived in the garden near the Cocoa plantation. a57dinah.dokdok 005 Mom ti ga tangi yie muina tumul. mom ti ga tangi yi muina tumul father PST then kindle.fire fire source dry.stump n TNS TIME v n n n Father started a fire at the base of a dry stump. a57dinah.dokdok 006 Gem til choli taka sin matanios tase patlaba ma maal gem til choli taka si -n matanios ta - se patlaba ma maal shell.fish stand hold work DAT -3S.IPM sun REL.CL - PERF full and wind n v v v ipn -sfx n ASP - ASP v CNJ n bula. bula again ADV We started working when the sun was up high and there was wind too. a57dinah.dokdok 007 Ya ga atatakai yie ma maal ga maale tali' yie sin tinaka ya ga atatakai yi ma maal ga maale tali' yi si -n -in- taka 1S then light.fire fire and wind then wind.blow give fire DAT -3S.IPM -NOMR- work PRO TIME v n CNJ n TIME v v n ipn -sfx -vinf- v kakau ga rar. kakau ga rar cocoa then light n TIME v I started a fire and the wind blew the fire to the Cocoa plantation and it lit. a57dinah.dokdok 008 Mom ga kalili ya ma suk ririti ya taman laklaken mom ga kalil -i ya ma suk dupCV- rit -i ya taman dupCVC- lake ina father then chase -TR 1S and INTENS CONT- whip -TR 1S INST NOMR- branch GEN n TIME v -TR PRO CNJ ADV ASP- v -TR PRO PREP ASP- n PREP yie sangan nugu nagaa. yi sanga -n nugu nagaa tree close.to -3S.IPM 1S.POSS mother n ipn -sfx PRO n

110

Father chased me and really whipped me with some sticks near my mother. a57dinah.dokdok 009 Ya suk teng laa lokobel ngali laa atalem sin yaya aina. ya suk teng la lokobel ngali la atalem si -n yaya aina 1S INTENS cry go place REAS go report DAT -3S.IPM grandparent woman PRO ADV vi v n PREP v v ipn -sfx n n I just cried going to the village to go tell my grandma. 21/Dec/2000

a58dinah.barateng a58dinah.barateng 001 Taka alen kolot ngali barateng. Laa lukui kaa bulbul ngali pichi barateng. taka alen kolot ngali barateng la lukui kaa bulbul ngali pichi barateng work clear place REAS fence go pick.up some vine.type REAS tie.up fence v v n PREP n v v DEM PropN PREP v n Clearing a place for a fence. Go pick up some Bulbul vine to tie the fence. a58dinah.barateng 002 Uba takaturungi abala no mara. yu - ba takaturung -i a- bala no mara 2S - FUT ready -TR ADJR- this PL thing PRO - TNS v -TR pfx- DEM PL n Get the things ready. a58dinah.barateng 003 Taulaa barateng ma aloskiti mil pichi taman no bulbul. taulaa barateng ma aloskiti mil pichi taman no bulbul lay.bamboo.guide fence and place.fence.post later tie.up INST PL vine.type v n CNJ v adv v PREP PL PropN Lay the guides and place the posts, then tie with the vine. a58dinah.barateng 004 Barateng ase kubit arara. barateng a- se kubit arara fence S.MKR- PERF complete completely n per.mkr- ASP v ADV The fence is completely finished. 21/Dec/2000

a59dinah.pura.ma.bool a59dinah.pura.ma.bool 001 Puraa ma bool delu lomasen turen akau. Puraa ma bool delu lo masen tura -n akau chicken and pig 3D DUAL man's_brother friend -3S.IPM good n CNJ n PRO PL n ipn -sfx ADJ The chicken and the pig were a pair of good friends. a59dinah.pura.ma.bool 002 Delu kaa angen ma sarsar etudim. delu kaa angen ma dup- sar e- tudim 3D do.habtl eat and HAB- play recip- gather PRO ASP v CNJ ASP- vi vpfx- v They always ate and played together. a59dinah.pura.ma.bool 003 Sin no daan kolot ina leng delu kaa chiimchiim tia si -n no daan kolot ina leng delu kaa dup- chiim atia DAT -3S.IPM PL water place GEN day 3D do.habtl HAB- look.for.food.scraps there ipn -sfx PL n n PREP n PRO ASP ASP- v LOC lokobel paina no bilbil. lokobel paina no bilbil place underneath PL rubbish.heap n PREP PL n Every hour of the day they always looked for food there in the village under the rubbish heap. a59dinah.pura.ma.bool 004 Manman dokdok bool asuk bal chaka ngali turen. dup- man dokdok bool a- suk bale chaka ngali tura -n CONT- stay small pig S.MKR- INTENS stomach badly REAS friend -3S.IPM ASP- v ADJ n per.mkr- ADV ipn ADV PREP ipn -sfx

111

This went on for a little while and the pig really got a bad attitude toward his friend. a59dinah.pura.ma.bool 005 Ase adodo ngali sas amantei puraa ngali kano bal a- se adodo ngali sas amantei puraa ngali kan no bale S.MKR- PERF think REAS fight kill chicken REAS 3S.POSS PL stomach per.mkr- ASP v PREP v v n PREP PRO PL ipn mamaket. dupCV- maket NOMR- heavy ASP- ADJ He thought about attacking and killing the chicken because of his angry heart. a59dinah.pura.ma.bool 006 Puraa awe alo laa papan bool, asuk puraa a- we a- lo la dupCV- pan bool a- suk chicken S.MKR- say S.MKR- fly go INTS- on pig S.MKR- INTENS n per.mkr- v per.mkr- v v ASP- PREP n per.mkr- ADV tunga sin bool ta pirite li ma ga kar tunga si -n bool ta pirite li ma ga kar be.surprised DAT -3S.IPM pig REL.CL struggle throw.out and then crush.w.teeth vi ipn -sfx n ASP v v CNJ TIME v amantei. amantei kill v The chicken wanted and flew going on top of the pig. He was really surprised that the pig wrestled him down and then bit and killed him. 21/Dec/2000

a60dina.dokdok a60dina.dokdok 001 Biaka leng ya mi nugu nagaa mi nugu mom ma nugu bia ka leng ya mi nugu nagaa mi nugu mom ma nugu that INDEF day 1S ACCOM 1S.POSS mother ACCOM 1S.POSS father and 1S.POSS DEM ART n PRO PREP PRO n PREP PRO n CNJ PRO tamat geem ti ga la lan uma. tamat geem ti ga la lan uma man 1P.EX PST then go in garden n PRO TNS TIME v PREP n One day I with my mother and my daddy and my brother went to the garden. a60dina.dokdok 002 Geem ti la taka o delu ti ga suk esas. nugu nagaa ti ga adi geem ti la taka o delu ti ga suk e- sas nugu nagaa ti ga adi 1P.EX PST go work and 3D PST then INTENS recip- fight 1S.POSS mother PST then get PRO TNS v v CNJ PRO TNS TIME ADV vpfx- v PRO n TNS TIME v yos ina soksok, ti ga chaapi mom taman, ma ti ga suk met yos ina dup- sok ti ga chaapi mom taman ma ti ga suk met digging.stick GEN HAB- plant PST then kill father INST and PST then INTENS die n PREP ASP- v TNS TIME v n PREP CNJ TNS TIME ADV v kirkires. kirkires faintingly ADV We went working and they started fighting. My mother got a digging stick and beat daddy with it and he just fell unconscious. a60dina.dokdok 003 Bia mu. bia mu that only DEM ADV that's all. 21/Dec/2000

a61dina.pal.baee a61dina.pal.baee 001 Kukurai atut taman kan chibe.

112

Kukurai atut taman kan chibe name sail.out INST 3S.POSS boat PropN v PREP PRO n Kukurai sailed out in his boat. a61dina.pal.baee 002 Labatina baranet, Kukurai adi poko girgir, ma ga chaaparen lan labatina baranet Kukurai adi poko girgir ma ga chaaparen lan in.the.middle.of flotsam name get bundle rattle and then shake.rattle in PREP n PropN v n n CNJ TIME v PREP laman. laman ocean n (When he arrived) in the flotsam, Kukurai got his shark rattle and then shook it in the water. a61dina.pal.baee 003 Kukurai araen karebeo mi marewa. Bae Kukurai araen karebeo mi marewa Bae name put.in.water float.and.rope.for.sharking ACCOM bait shark PropN v n PREP n n asobet. Kukurai alami' la lalan a- sobet Kukurai a- lami' la dupCV- lan S.MKR- come.to.surface name S.MKR- lure go INTS- in per.mkr- v PropN per.mkr- v v ASP- PREP karebeo taman marewa. karebeo taman marewa float.and.rope.for.sharking INST bait n PREP n Kukurai put the shark trap in the water with the bait. The shark surfaced and Kukurai lured him inside the trap with the bait. a61dina.pal.baee 004 Kukurai ga achina bae taman karebeo. Kukurai ga achina bae taman karebeo name then trap shark INST float.and.rope.for.sharking PropN TIME n n PREP n Then Kukurai trapped the shark with the trap. a61dina.pal.baee 005 Mil ga sas amantei. mil ga sas amantei later then fight kill adv TIME v v Then afterwards he beat and killed it. a61dina.pal.baee 006 Aturungi lan chibe ga alusa laa kuen. aturung -i lan chibe ga alusa la kuen put -TR in boat then paddle go beach v -TR PREP n TIME v v n He put it in the boat and paddled to the beach. a61dina.pal.baee 007 Kukurai alet achulngi bae papan chibe ga aturungi Kukurai alet a- chul -ngi bae dupCV- pan chibe ga aturung -i name lift.carry CAUS- go.down -TR shark INTS- on boat then put -TR PropN v pfx- v -TR n ASP- PREP n TIME v -TR papan kenken. dupCV- pan kenken INTS- on sand.rice ASP- PREP n Kukurai lifted the shark down from the canoe and put it on the sand. a61dina.pal.baee 008 Ataii kan chibe kale lapala. a- ta -i kan chibe kale lapala S.MKR- pull -TR 3S.POSS boat sit up per.mkr- v -TR PRO n v n He pulled his canoe up (on the beach).

113

a61dina.pal.baee 009 Kukurai adi kan pu tetel ga kirawaa bae. Kukurai adi kan pu tetel ga kirawaa bae name get 3S.POSS piece knife then cut.stomach.open shark PropN v PRO n n TIME v n Kukurai got his knife and then opened the shark up. a61dina.pal.baee 010 Iwa bae asuk pines arara ma ga we. yia -wa bae a- suk pines arara ma ga we 3S -DEF shark S.MKR- INTENS meat completely and then fat PRO -ART n per.mkr- ADV n ADV CNJ TIME n The shark was really full of meat and fat. a61dina.pal.baee 011 No chi dokdok di sol kalame ngali le lasi aia bae Kukurai ta no chi dokdok di sol kalame ngali le lasi aia bae Kukurai ta PL child small 3P run come REAS come see that.one shark name REL.CL PL n ADJ PRO vi v PREP v vt DEM n PropN ASP kirawaa. kirawaa cut.stomach.open v The small children ran coming to see that shark Kukurai had cut open. a61dina.pal.baee 012 Kukurai Kukurai name PropN atae adokdoki aia bae arara, o ga tulen nochi a- tae a- dokdok -i aia bae arara o ga tulen no -chi S.MKR- cut CAUS- small -TR that.one shark completely and then send PL -well per.mkr- v pfx- ADJ -TR DEM n ADV CNJ TIME v PL -ADV dokdok ngali adi kadi kaa kolot laa tatan di. dokdok ngali adi kadi kaa kolot la tata -n di small REAS get POSS- 3P some place go home -3S.IPM 3P ADJ PREP v pfx- PRO DEM n v ipn -sfx PRO Kukurai completely cut that shark into small pieces and then sent the small children to get their pieces to take to their homes. a61dina.pal.baee 013 No chi dokdok di adi kadi no pu kolot di ga laa tali sin no chi dokdok di adi kadi no pu kolot di ga la tal -i si -n PL child small 3P get POSS- 3P PL piece place 3P then go give -TR DAT -3S.IPM PL n ADJ PRO v pfx- PRO PL n n PRO TIME v v -TR ipn -sfx kadi no nagaa ngali akui. kadi no nagaa ngali aku -i POSS- 3P PL mother REAS cook -TR pfx- PRO PL n PREP v -TR The small children got their pieces and then they went and gave to their mothers to cook. a61dina.pal.baee 014 Kadi no nagaa di tatai ika di ga se angen, kadi no nagaa di DupCV- ta -i ika di ga se angen POSS- 3P PL mother 3P CONT- remove.fr.mumu -TR roasting_pit 3P then PERF eat pfx- PRO PL n PRO ASP- v -TR n PRO TIME ASP v di ga suk puchangi akau sin Kukurai. di ga suk puchengi akau si -n Kukurai 3P then INTENS call good DAT -3S.IPM name PRO TIME ADV vt ADJ ipn -sfx PropN Their mothers took it from the mumu and then they ate. The really thanked Kukurai. a61dina.pal.baee 015 Bia mu. bia mu that only DEM ADV THat is all. 21/Dec/2000

114

a63gatgat.tuni.balen a63gatgat.tuni.balen 001 Sin nan alua ina makil ti se kap, sin leng ya ta si -n nan a- lua ina makil ti se akap si -n leng ya ta DAT -3S.IPM DEF ADJR- two GEN war PST PERF NEG DAT -3S.IPM day 1S REL.CL ipn -sfx ART pfx- NUM PREP n TNS ASP NEG ipn -sfx n PRO ASP dokdok cha Nugu nagaa ti tali ya sin nugu yaya tamat dokdok cha nugu nagaa ti tal -i ya si -n nugu yaya tamat small yet 1S.POSS mother PST give -TR 1S DAT -3S.IPM 1S.POSS grandparent man ADJ ADV PRO n TNS v -TR PRO ipn -sfx PRO n n ti ga are mi ya, sin biaka siat, Nugu nagaa ti ti ga are mi ya si -n bia ka siat nugu nagaa ti PST then stay ACCOM 1S DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF sunny.part.of.day 1S.POSS mother PST TNS TIME v PREP PRO ipn -sfx DEM ART n PRO n TNS ga la chulao. ga la chulao then go fish TIME v v After the second world war when I was still little, my mother gave me to my grandfather to stay with me one day. My mother went fishing. a63gatgat.tuni.balen 002 Nugu yaya tamat ti matul achul ubas taman yie, sin nugu yaya tamat ti matul a- chul ubas taman yi si -n 1S.POSS grandparent man PST sleep S.MKR- go.down smoke INST fire DAT -3S.IPM PRO n n TNS v per.mkr- v n PREP n ipn -sfx ya ti matmatul pan balen. ya ti dupCVC- matul pan bale -en 1S PST CONT- sleep on stomach -trans PRO TNS ASP- v PREP ipn -sfx My grandfather was sleeping and smoking when I was sleeping on his stomach. a63gatgat.tuni.balen 003 O kinaal ina paip ti ga kol papan balen ya ma ti ga o kinaal ina paip ti ga kol dupCV- pan bale -en ya ma ti ga and ember GEN smoke.TP PST then fall INTS- on stomach -trans 1S and PST then CNJ n PREP v TNS TIME vi ASP- PREP ipn -sfx PRO CNJ TNS TIME suk toto se, O ya mi nugu nagaa gelu ga suk la lan anua suk toto se o ya mi nugu nagaa gelu ga suk la lan anua INTENS sore PERF and 1S ACCOM 1S.POSS mother 1D.EX then INTENS go in house ADV n ASP CNJ PRO PREP PRO n PRO TIME ADV v PREP n metmet. dup- met NOMR- die ASP- v The ember of his pipe fell on my stomach and made a sore, and me and my mother went to the house sik. 21/Dec/2000

a65gatgat.mataa a65gatgat.mataa 001 Sin biaka leng, ya ti la ngali la galas tile si -n bia ka leng ya ti la ngali la galas ti - le DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day 1S PST go REAS go fish.underwater PST - come ipn -sfx DEM ART n PRO TNS v PREP v v TNS - v lalaman koskosmaket. lan laman koskosmaket in ocean deep.blue.sea PREP n n One day I went to galas out there in the deep blue sea. a65gatgat.mataa 003 Ya ti riri la lapula ma ya ti ga tataka ririt sin ya ti riri la lapula ma ya ti ga tata ka dupCV- rit si -n 1S PST go.down go down and 1S PST then home INDEF CONT- strongly DAT -3S.IPM PRO TNS v v PREP CNJ PRO TNS TIME ipn ART ASP- ADV ipn -sfx no kaat ngali lilisi no ko, di ba ta solsol kalame. no kaat ngali dupCV- lis -i no ko di ba ta dup- sol kalame

115

PL stone REAS CONT- wait -TR PL fish 3P FUT REL.CL CONT- run come PL n PREP ASP- v -TR PL n PRO TNS ASP ASP- vi v I dove down and I was holding onto the coral to wait for the fish that would come running. a65gatgat.mataa 004 Ya ti kap lasi dugong ti sol kaa sin gelgel ina ya. ya ti akap lasi dugong ti sol kaa si -n gelgel ina ya 1S PST NEG see manatee PST run move DAT -3S.IPM side GEN 1S PRO TNS NEG vt n TNS vi v ipn -sfx PREP PREP PRO I didn't see a manatee that ran going alongside of me. a65gatgat.mataa 005 Ya ti suk tunga buka, sin leng ya ti lasi. ya ti suk tunga buka si -n leng ya ti lasi 1S PST INTENS be.surprised very.much DAT -3S.IPM day 1S PST see PRO TNS ADV vi adv ipn -sfx n PRO TNS vt I was really very shocked, when I saw it. a65gatgat.mataa 006 Biaa leng ya olol ma ya ti suk olol tataputi kaat. bia leng ya olol ma ya ti suk olol tataputi kaat that day 1S surprised and 1S PST INTENS surprised break.off stone DEM n PRO ADJ CNJ PRO TNS ADV ADJ v n That time I was surprised and I really was surprised, I broke off the coral. a65gatgat.mataa 007 Balen ya ti suk lolchaka. bale -n ya ti suk lolbir chaka stomach -3S.IPM 1S PST INTENS worry badly ipn -sfx PRO TNS ADV v ADV My heart was really anxious. a65gatgat.mataa 008 Ya ti we ma dugong naba se sas amantei ya. ya ti we ma dugong a- ba se sas amantei ya 1S PST say and manatee S.MKR- FUT PERF fight kill 1S PRO TNS v CNJ n per.mkr- TNS ASP v v PRO I thought the manatee was about to attack me. 21/Dec/2000

a66bika.daan.bobo a66bika.daan.bobo 001 Sin Leng Ya ti chi dokdok. sin leng ya ti chi dokdok TEMP day 1S PST boy small prep n pron hv n adj When I Was a Small Boy a66bika.daan.bobo 002 Balawa chinchin ina leng ya ti chi dokdok. bala wa chinchin ina leng ya ti chi dokdok DEM DEF story GEN day 1S PST boy small pron art n pron n pron hv n adj This is a story of the day I was a small child. a66bika.daan.bobo 003 Sin abia no leng, nawe Mom ma nagaa delu la lauteng o sin sin abia no leng nawe mom ma nagaa delu la lauteng o sin TEMP those PL day suppose father and mother 3D go bush or TEMP prep dem_pron ninfl n v n conj n pron v n conj prep biaka kolot, ya kaa manman lasiat mi nugu no tamat ma bia -ka kolot ya kaa manman lasiat mi nugu no tamat ma that -INDEF place 1S do_habtl stay mid_day ACCOM 1S_POSS PL man and dem_pron -art n pron v v n prep pron ninfl n conj geem ga kaa sarsar mi no turan geem. geem ga kaa dup sar mi no turan geem 1P_EX then do INTENS play ACCOM PL friend 1P_EX pron adv v redup v prep ninfl n pron During those days, if Dad and Mom would go to the bush and some other places, then I stayed for the day with my big brothers and then we would wander around.

116

a66bika.daan.bobo 003a Mana sin abia no leng, nugu no meet ti malan alima. Mana sin abia no leng nugu no meet ti malan a- lima perhaps TEMP those PL day 1S_POSS PL year PST like ADJ- five adj prep dem_pron ninfl n pron ninfl n hv adj adj_mkr- num Perhaps during these days, I was about five years old. a66bika.daan.bobo 004 Sin biaka leng Mom ma nagaa delu la sin biakal, lan sin bia -ka leng mom ma nagaa delu la sin *** lan TEMP that -INDEF day father and mother 3D go TEMP *** inside prep dem_pron -art n n conj n pron v prep *** prep biaka kobel. bia -ka kobel that -INDEF village dem_pron -art n One day dad and mom went to ?, in some village a66bika.daan.bobo 005 O ya ma nugu no tamat, geem arare lasiat. ti bia no o ya ma nugu no tamat geem dupCV- are lasiat ti bia no and 1S and 1S_POSS PL man 1P_EX INTENS- stay mid_day PST that PL conj pron conj pron ninfl n pron redup- v n hv dem_pron ninfl leng pal ma no daan lauteng ma lan no daram ti suk moko no. leng pal ma no daan lauteng ma lan no *** ti suk moko no day sun and PL water bush and inside PL *** PST very dry PL n n conj ninfl n n conj prep ninfl *** hv adv v ninfl And I and my brothers were to stay during the day. During those days there was hot sun and all the water in the bush and in drums was completely dry. a66bika.daan.bobo 006 No inaman di nunun mu sin no keke kuen. no inaman di dupCV- nun mu sin no keke kuen PL people 3P CONT- drink only TEMP PL spring beach ninfl n pron ASP- v adv prep ninfl n n All the people were drinking only from springs on the beach. a66bika.daan.bobo 007 Ya ma nugu no tamat ma biaka chi, geem sarsar lasiat ya ma nugu no tamat ma bia -ka chi geem dup sar lasiat 1S and 1S_POSS PL man and that -INDEF child 1P_EX Prgrsv play mid_day pron conj pron ninfl n conj dem_pron -art n pron redup v n lan abia nageem pal. lan abia ka- geem pal in that POSS_PFX- 1P_EX sun prep dem_pron prninfl- pron n I and my brothers and other children were playing in the day of hot sun. a66bika.daan.bobo 008 Geem sarsar ma geem se kukui sin maru. geem dup sar ma geem se kukui sin maru 1P_EX Prgrsv play and 1P_EX PER hide TEMP shade pron redup v conj pron aspect_mkr v prep n We played and we would hide in the shade. a66bika.daan.bobo 009 Geem se yawis sin sarsar, ma geem se la tiltil lan geem se yawis sin dup sar ma geem se la dup til lan 1P_EX PER rest TEMP Prgrsv play and 1P_EX PER go Prgrsv stand in pron aspect_mkr v prep redup v conj pron aspect_mkr v redup v prep maru paina no yi. maru paina no yi shade underneath PL tree n prep ninfl n When we finished playing we went to stand in the shade under the trees. a66bika.daan.bobo 010 Ya ti suk marua chaka, o ya ga sol la lan nageem anua ma ya ti suk marua chaka o ya ga sol la lan ka- geem anua ma

117

1S PST very thirsty badly and 1S then run go in POSS_PFX- 1P_EX house and pron hv adv adj adv conj pron adv v v prep prninfl- pron n conj ya ga lasi botol daan ta tiltil lan chigur. ya ga lasi *** daan ta dup til lan chigur 1S then look *** water ?pst Prgrsv stand in corner pron adv vt *** n vinfl redup v prep n And then I ran into our house and I saw the bottle of water standing in the corner. a66bika.daan.bobo 011 Bia botol daan lan chigur, ti kerasin amanman lalan. bia *** daan lan chigur ti *** a- manman dupCV- lan that *** water in corner PST *** SUBJ.AGR- stay INTENS- in dem_pron *** n prep n hv *** per_mkr- v redup- prep That bottle of water in the corner contains kerosine in it. a66bika.daan.bobo 012 Ya esaga mu o ya ti we daan akau nagaa ti aturungi ya esaga mu o ya ti we daan akau nagaa ti a- turung -i 1S hurry only and 1S PST say water good mother PST SUBJ.AGR- put -TRANS.MKR pron v adv conj pron hv v n adj n hv per_mkr- v -vinfl o ya ga suk nunngi. o ya ga suk nun -ngi and 1S then very drink -motion conj pron adv adv v -vinfl I was just in a hurry and I thought it was good water that Mum had put and I was in a hurry to drink it. a66bika.daan.bobo 013 Bia ya ta gogopen, ya suk sain chino ina kerasin o ya ga suk bia ya ta gogopen ya suk sain chino ina *** o ya ga suk that 1S ?pst swallow 1S very feel smell GEN *** and 1S then very dem_pron pron vinfl v pron adv v n prep *** conj pron adv adv luake li daan bobo ina kerasin. luake li daan bobo ina *** vomit throw.out water bitter GEN *** v v n adj prep *** When I swallowed the water I thought it smelled like kerosine and then I vomited the bitter water of kerosine. a66bika.daan.bobo 014 Ya suk teng atia ma nugu tamat loot asol kalame sangan ya. ya suk teng atia ma nugu tamat loot a- sol kalame sangan ya 1S very cry there and 1S_POSS man big SUBJ.AGR- run come close.to 1S pron adv v loc conj pron n adj per_mkr- v v loc pron I then cried out there and my big brother ran along close to me. a66bika.daan.bobo 015 Alasi ya ta teng tatana nguchugu O, ga achura a- lasi ya ta teng dupCV- tana nguchum- *** -gu o ga achura SUBJ.AGR- look 1S ?pst cry INTENS- hold ***- *** -mine and then ask per_mkr- vt pron vinfl v redup- v ***- *** -ipm conj adv v ya "U pari sa? ya yu pari sa 1S 2S talk.do what pron pron v intprn He saw me there crying, holding my mouth and then he asked me, what's wrong with you. a66bika.daan.bobo 016 "O ya ga we "ya nunngi daan kerasin. o ya ga we ya nun -ngi daan *** and 1S then say 1S drink -motion water *** conj pron adv v pron v -vinfl n *** And then I said, "I drank some kerosine". a66bika.daan.bobo 017 " Nugu tamat loot, asol esaga ma ga la adi daan akau ma ga li nugu tamat loot a- sol esaga ma ga la adi daan akau ma ga li 1S_POSS man big SUBJ.AGR- run hurry and then go get water good and then come pron n adj per_mkr- v v conj adv v v n adj conj adv hv anunngi ya taman. a- nun -ngi ya taman S.MKR- drink -causative 1S INST

118

per.mkr- v -CAUS pron prep My big brother ran in a hurry to the house to get some good water for me to drink. a66bika.daan.bobo 018 Ya nunngi daan ma lalan ya amalen alelep o ya nun -ngi daan ma dupCV- lan ya a- malen a- lelep o 1S drink -motion water and INTENS- in 1S ADJ- same ADJ- hot and pron v -vinfl n conj redup- prep pron adj_mkr- adj adj_mkr- adj conj ga se bula anunngi ya. ga se bula a- nun -ngi ya then PER also SUBJ.AGR- drink -motion 1S adv aspect_mkr adv per_mkr- v -vinfl pron I drank the water and in my belly it was very hot and again they gave me more water to drink. a66bika.daan.bobo 019 Ya tengteng taman ya ta tatana nguchugu. ya dup teng taman ya ta dupCV- tana nguchum- *** -gu 1S Prgrsv cry INST 1S ?pst INTENS- hold ***- *** -mine pron redup v prep pron vinfl redup- v ***- *** -ipm I was crying holding my mouth. a66bika.daan.bobo 020 Yiaka tamat loot akalame o ga uti daan lan kap o ga aturungi susu lan daan ma ga puchi ma ga tali, ma ya ga nunngi. Another big man came and filled some water in the cup then he put some milk and he stirred it and then he game me to drink. a66bika.daan.bobo 021 Bia ya ta nunngi, ya ga saen lalanga ga rom bia ya ta nun -ngi ya ga sain dupCV- lan -gu ga rom when 1S ?pst drink -causative 1S then feel INTENS- in -mine then change intprn pron vinfl v -CAUS pron adv v redup- prep -ipm adv v akau. akau good adj When I drank it then felt in me was a little bit better. a66bika.daan.bobo 022 Nugu tat loot alatetei ya pan ibe ma ya ga nugu tat loot a- la tete -i ya pan ibe ma ya ga 1S_POSS brother big SUBJ.AGR- go lie.down -TRANS.MKR 1S on bed and 1S then pron n adj per_mkr- v v -vinfl pron prep n conj pronadv suk urungi. suk urungi very sleep adv v My big brother took me and laid me in bed to sleep. a66bika.daan.bobo 023 Bia mu chinchin ina ya ta nunngi daan bobo. bia mu chinchin ina ya ta nun -ngi daan bobo that only story GEN 1S ?pst drink -motion water bitter dem_pron adv n prep pron vinfl v -vinfl n adj That is all the story of drinking bitter water. 21/Dec/2000

a67bika.kosora.barateng a67bika.kosora.barateng 001 Sel Ina kosora Barateng ina Uma. sel ina kosora barateng ina uma road GEN make fence GEN garden n PREP v n PREP n The way to fence a garden. a67bika.kosora.barateng 002 Barateng ina uma ngali tilkali no marang di se soka lan uma.

119

barateng ina uma ngali tilkali no marang di se soka lan uma fence GEN garden REAS protect PL something 3P PERF plant in garden n PREP n PREP v PL n PRO ASP v PREP n A garden fence is to protect the things they plant in gardens. a67bika.kosora.barateng 003 Setaun, ya se lawiti uma ma ya se tale no yie laa lapula. setaun ya se lawit -i uma ma ya se tale no yi la lapula first 1S PERF cut.small.brush -TR garden and 1S PERF cut PL tree go down adv PRO ASP v -TR n CNJ PRO ASP v PL n v PREP First I cleared out the garden and I cut down the trees. a67bika.kosora.barateng 004 No yie ase malang, o ya ga la ma kotaa uma, ma ya ga no yi a- se malang o ya ga la ma kotaa uma ma ya ga PL tree S.MKR- PERF dry and 1S then go and cut.clean garden and 1S then PL n per.mkr- ASP ADJ CNJ PRO TIME v CNJ v n CNJ PRO TIME akakai, no yie ma no uteng. dupCV- akai no yi ma no uteng CONT- burn.up PL tree and PL vegetation ASP- v PL n CNJ PL n The trees were dry, then I went and cleaned out the garden and I burned up the trees and the brush. a67bika.kosora.barateng 005 Bia tinaka ase kap, ya se taka alen barateng. bia -in- taka a- se akap ya se taka alen barateng when -NOMR- work S.MKR- PERF NEG 1S PERF work clear fence REL -vinf- v per.mkr- ASP NEG PRO ASP v v n When the work was done I worked on clearing (a place for) the fence. a67bika.kosora.barateng 006 Ma ya ga aturungi taulaa ma ya ga bulngi barateng. ma ya ga aturung -i taulaa ma ya ga bulngi barateng and 1S then put -TR lay.bamboo.guide and 1S then make.hole.for.post fence CNJ PRO TIME v -TR v CNJ PRO TIME v n Then I put the bamboo guides and made post holes. a67bika.kosora.barateng 007 Ya se koli no kit ma alosngi no kit, no kit ya se koli no kit ma alosngi no kit no kit 1S PERF cut.down PL fence.post and place.fence.post PL fence.post PL fence.post PRO ASP v PL n CNJ v PL n PL n ase til arara no, ya se laa lukui no bulbul lauteng. a- se til arara no ya se la lukui no bulbul lauteng S.MKR- PERF stand every PL 1S PERF go pick.up PL vine.type bush per.mkr- ASP v ADJ PL PRO ASP v v PL PropN n I cut the posts and placed them, and when they were all standing I went picking vines in the bush. a67bika.kosora.barateng 008 Nawe tinaka abuka o leng papan, ya se bula laa lan nawe -in- taka a- buka o leng dupCV- pan ya se bula la lan suppose -NOMR- work S.MKR- very.much and day INTS- on 1S PERF again go in COND -vinf- v per.mkr- adv CNJ n ASP- PREP PRO ASP ADV v PREP uma ngali til choli batengi uma. uma ngali til choli batengi uma garden REAS stand hold make.fence garden n PREP v v v n Since the work was alot, the next day I went back to the garden to start fencing. a67bika.kosora.barateng 009 No barateng ase kap arara ulti uma o nugu kuala o no barateng a- se akap arara ulti uma o nugu kuala o PL fence S.MKR- PERF NEG completely encircle garden and 1S.POSS old.woman or PL n per.mkr- ASP NEG ADV v n CNJ PRO n CNJ biaka aina di se kalame ma soka uma. bia ka aina di se kalame ma soka uma that INDEF woman 3P PERF come and plant garden DEM ART n PRO ASP v CNJ v n The fence is completely finished around the garden then my wife or another woman comes and plants the garden.

120

a67bika.kosora.barateng 010 Nawe naba kap ka barateng ulti uma, no bool in lauteng di nawe a- ba akap ka barateng ulti uma no bool ina lauteng di suppose S.MKR- FUT NEG INDEF fence encircle garden PL pig GEN bush 3P COND per.mkr- TNS NEG ART n v n PL n PREP n PRO ba kalame ma le ngane' uma. ba kalame ma le ngane' uma FUT come and come eat garden TNS v CNJ v v n If there isn't a fence around the garden, the wild pigs will come and eat the garden. a67bika.kosora.barateng 011 Bia mu, totore ina kosora barateng ina uma. bia mu dupCV- tore ina kosora barateng ina uma that only NOMR- talk GEN make fence GEN garden DEM ADV ASP- v PREP v n PREP n That is all the talk about making a garden fence. 21/Dec/2000

a68bika.bool.achina a68bika.bool.achina 001 Sin biaka leng, tamat apade lawaring ma ga laa si -n bia ka leng tamat a- pade lawaring ma ga la DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day man S.MKR- awake morning and then go ipn -sfx DEM ART n n per.mkr- v n CNJ TIME v akilangi kano achina. akila -ngi kan no achina mark -TR 3S.POSS PL trap v -TR PRO PL n One day a man got up in the morning and went to check his traps. a68bika.bool.achina 002 Ase laa chap, o ga lasi bool ga se manman sin achina. a- se la chap o ga lasi bool ga se dup- man si -n achina S.MKR- PERF go arrive and then see pig then PERF CONT- stay DAT -3S.IPM trap per.mkr- ASP v v CNJ TIME vt n TIME ASP ASP- v ipn -sfx n He went and arrived and then saw a pig was in a trap. a68bika.bool.achina 003 Ase es kukui ngali choka bool taman billi. a- se es kukui ngali choka bool taman billi S.MKR- PERF walk hide REAS spear pig INST spear per.mkr- ASP vi v PREP v n PREP n He walked sneaking to spear the pig with his spear. a68bika.bool.achina 004 Bia tamat ase takaturung ngali choka bool, o gaas bia tamat a- se takaturung ngali choka bool o gaas when man S.MKR- PERF ready REAS spear pig and bush.sprite REL n per.mkr- ASP v PREP v n CNJ PropN asuk sol chap. a- suk sol chap S.MKR- INTENS run arrive per.mkr- ADV vi v When the man was ready to spear the pig, a gaas ran up. a68bika.bool.achina 005 Tamat alasi gaas ma asol taka papali billi. tamat a- lasi gaas ma a- sol taka papali billi man S.MKR- see bush.sprite and S.MKR- run work leave spear n per.mkr- vt PropN CNJ per.mkr- vi v v n The man saw the gaas and ran dropping his spear. a68bika.bool.achina 006 Tamat asuk sol mula laa lokobel. tamat a- suk sol mula la lokobel man S.MKR- INTENS run return go place n per.mkr- ADV vi vi v n The man just ran back going to the village.

121

a68bika.bool.achina 007 Tamat ase laa chap lokobel ma ga asaiti no turan taman tamat a- se la chap lokobel ma ga asait -i no tura -n taman man S.MKR- PERF go arrive place and then tell -TR PL friend -3S.IPM INST n per.mkr- ASP v v n CNJ TIME vi -TR PL ipn -sfx PREP gaas ta tatangina. gaas ta tatanginei bush.sprite REL.CL find.at.place PropN ASP v The man went arriving at the village and then told his friends about the gaas that he encountered. a68bika.bool.achina 008 No turan ma iwa tamat, di mula ngali laa chapi bool o no tura -n ma yia -wa tamat di mula ngali la chapi bool o PL friend -3S.IPM and 3S -DEF man 3P return REAS go hit pig and PL ipn -sfx CNJ PRO -ART n PRO vi PREP v v n CNJ diga se kap laa tatangina. di -gV se akap la tatanginei 3P -1S.IPM PERF NEG go find.at.place PRO -sfx ASP NEG v v The friends and this man returned to go kill the pig but then they couldn't find it. a68bika.bool.achina 009 Gaas ase adi bool. gaas a- se adi bool bush.sprite S.MKR- PERF get pig PropN per.mkr- ASP v n The gaas had taken the pig. 21/Dec/2000

a69bika.mataa a69bika.mataa 001 Sin biaka leng, ya laa lauteng taman nugu tetel. si -n bia ka leng ya la lauteng taman nugu tetel DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day 1S go bush INST 1S.POSS knife ipn -sfx DEM ART n PRO v n PREP PRO n On one day, I went to the bush with my bush knife a69bika.mataa 002 Ya we ina laa tei kaa walwal ngali chik anua. ya we ina la tei kaa walwal ngali chik anua 1S say GEN go pull some vine.type REAS shoot house PRO v PREP v v DEM n PREP v n I wanted to go pull some walwal to build sew up a house (sew up saksak). a69bika.mataa 003 Ya se lasi walwal, ma ya se es laa paina ngali tiki, ma ya se lasi walwal ma ya se es la paina ngali tik -i ma 1S PERF see vine.type and 1S PERF walk go underneath REAS cut.lashings -TR and PRO ASP vt n CNJ PRO ASP vi v PREP PREP v -TR CNJ tei ngen lapula. tei ngen lapula pull motion down v ASP PREP I saw some walwal and I walked going under it to cut it and pull it down. a69bika.mataa 004 O tilu lapala sin kudi ina walwal, chichi amatul o tilu lapala si -n kudi ina walwal chichi a- matul and dir.west up DAT -3S.IPM head.top GEN vine.type snake S.MKR- sleep CNJ LOC n ipn -sfx n PREP n n per.mkr- v amusili bia walwal. amusili bia walwal follow that vine.type v DEM n And up there at the head of the walwal, a snake was sleeping along that walwal. a69bika.mataa 005 Ya tei abia walwal mi chichi.

122

ya tei abia walwal mi chichi 1S pull that vine.type ACCOM snake PRO v DEM n PREP n I pulled the vine and the snake. a69bika.mataa 006 Iwa chichi asuk le kol papan ya. yia -wa chichi a- suk le kol dupCV- pan ya 3S -DEF snake S.MKR- INTENS come fall INTS- on 1S PRO -ART n per.mkr- ADV v vi ASP- PREP PRO That snake just fell right on me. a69bika.mataa 007 Ya kap lasi chichi, o ya ga olol sin ta le kol ya akap lasi chichi o ya ga olol si -n ta le kol 1S NEG see snake and 1S then surprised DAT -3S.IPM REL.CL come fall PRO NEG vt n CNJ PRO TIME ADJ ipn -sfx ASP v vi papan ya. dupCV- pan ya INTS- on 1S ASP- PREP PRO I didn't see the snake, and so I was surprised that it came falling on top of me. a69bika.mataa 008 Ya olol li walwal, ma ya ga laa kol lapula. ya olol li walwal ma ya ga la kol lapula 1S surprised throw.out vine.type and 1S then go fall down PRO ADJ v n CNJ PRO TIME v vi PREP I surprised throwing the vine and then I went falling on the ground. a69bika.mataa 009 Bia ya ta kol, ya suk mataa ma ya ga pirite li chichi. bia ya ta kol ya suk mataa ma ya ga pirite li chichi when 1S REL.CL fall 1S INTENS fear and 1S then struggle throw.out snake REL PRO ASP vi PRO ADV vi CNJ PRO TIME v v n When I fell, I feared and then I struggled, throwing the snake a69bika.mataa 010 Ya tapas ma ya sol paina abia no katkot ma ya ga laa til palpala ya tapas ma ya sol paina abia no katkot ma ya ga la til palpala 1S start and 1S run underneath that PL ? and 1S then go stand far.away PRO v CNJ PRO vi PREP DEM PL n CNJ PRO TIME v v n rom ngali nen akauchi chichi. rom ngali nen akau -chi chichi change REAS look good -well snake v PREP v ADJ -ADV n I got up and ran under that katkot and then I went and stood farther away to get a good look at the snake. a69bika.mataa 011 Chichi ase silal laa paina no uteng o ya ga laa adi chichi a- se silal la paina no uteng o ya ga la adi snake S.MKR- PERF slither? go underneath PL vegetation and 1S then go get n per.mkr- ASP v v PREP PL n CNJ PRO TIME v v nugu tetel. nugu tetel 1S.POSS knife PRO n The snake slithered going under the brush and then I went and got my knife. a69bika.mataa 012 Ya ga se laa sin biaka kolot kachap, ngali ya ga se la si -n bia ka kolot kachap ngali 1S then PERF go DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF place another.different REAS PRO TIME ASP v ipn -sfx DEM ART n ADJ PREP tiki kaa walwal. tik -i kaa walwal cut.lashings -TR some vine.type v -TR DEM n Then I went to another different place to cut some walwal. 21/Dec/2000

123

a70bika.gaas a70bika.gaas 001 Tamat ma Gaas. Ti lamua, tamat apapali kan anua ma ga laa tamat ma gaas ti lamua tamat a- papali kan anua ma ga la man and Bush_spirit PST before man S.MKR- leave 3S_POSS house and then go n CNJ PropN TNS n n per.mkr- v PRO n CNJ TIME v lauteng. lauteng bush n The man and the gaas. Long ago, a man left his house and then went to the bush. a70bika.gaas 002 Ase laa chap paina balio o gawe anenen a- se la chap paina balio o ga we a- dupCV- nen S.Mkr- PERF go arrive underneath Breadfruit and then say S.Mkr- INTENS- look per_mkr- ASP v v PREP PropN CNJ TIME v per_mkr- ASP- v lapala, alasi balio ase bulbul taman no waan balio. lapala a- lasi balio a- se bulbul taman no waan balio up S.Mkr- see Breadfruit S.Mkr- PERF bent.over INST PL fruit Breadfruit n per_mkr- vt PropN per_mkr- ASP v PREP PL n PropN He went and came up underneath a Breadfruit tree and then he looked up and saw that it was bent over with fruit. a70bika.gaas 003 No lake ina balio awe nase taput taman no balio. no lake ina balio a- we ka- se taput taman no balio PL branch GEN Breadfruit S.Mkr- say POSS_PFX- PERF overloaded INST PL Breadfruit PL n PREP PropN per_mkr- v PRO- ASP adj PREP PL PropN The branches of the tree were about to break with the breadfruit. a70bika.gaas 004 Tamat arupki kotkot ma ga bara balio ma ase mula laa lokobel. a70bika.gaas 005 Sin leng papan, gaas asoro le chap ma ga lasi balio di se bara. a70bika.gaas 006 Gaas awe, "Saa waila ta bara nugu balio? a70bika.gaas 007 Akap ati abala nugu balio." a70bika.gaas 008 Gaas alaa ma sali kano barbar tamat, ma ga aturungi kan barbar. a70bika.gaas 009 Tamat ase bula kalame ngali naba le u'a kan barbar ase kapina. a70bika.gaas 010 Ase le lasi barbar ka chap. a70bika.gaas 011 Asuk musteng ma gawe, "Saa ilua aila ta sali nugu barbar ma ga aturungi kan barbar. a70bika.gaas 012 Akap ati nugu balio abala." a70bika.gaas 013 Tamat ase mula laa lokobel. a70bika.gaas 014 Leng papan, gaas a es chap ma lasi kano barbar tamat ma ga tikli kano barbar.

124

a70bika.gaas 015 Adi yie ma ga enngi balio. a70bika.gaas 016 Biaa gaas ta kekeli cha no balio o tamat ase chap taman kan kula. a70bika.gaas 017 Tamat a es chap ma ga achura laa lapala. a70bika.gaas 018 "Saa yu uta enngi nugu balio? a70bika.gaas 019 Ukap ati nugu balio abala?" a70bika.gaas 020 Tamat amus laa paina balio ma asuk talii balio taman gaas. a70bika.gaas 021 Biaa balio ta kol laa lapula o gaas asuk pis laa lapula. a70bika.gaas 022 Asuk sol esaga ma ga laa sol chiga lan kan mat. a70bika.gaas 023 Biaa kan mat gaas amanman atat mu sangan abia balio. a70bika.gaas 024 Tamat akosara kan pinaras balio ma gase alet langen no lokobel. a70bika.gaas 025 Asaiti kan kuala taman gaas. 21/Dec/2000

a71apisai.chinchin a71apisai.chinchin 001 Tumasen kan mom detu pade lawaring ma la lauteng lan tu masen kan mom detu pade lawaring ma la lauteng lan three man's_brother 3S.POSS father 3T awake morning and go bush in PL n PRO n PRO v n CNJ v n PREP kadetu uma. Detu kap mager la chap lan uma o detu ga chaapi kadetu uma detu akap mager la chap lan uma o detu ga chaapi POSS- 3T garden 3T NEG not.yet go arrive in garden and 3T then kill pfx- PRO n PRO NEG adv v v PREP n CNJ PRO TIME v yiaka chichi. Detu ga tali' sin kadelu chi o ga se la yia ka chichi detu ga tali' si -n kadelu chi o ga se la 3S INDEF snake 3T then give DAT -3S.IPM POSS- 3D boy and then PERF go PRO ART n PRO TIME v ipn -sfx pfx- PRO n CNJ TIME ASP v mula kalame taman lokobel. Ga se ananan taman aia kan chichi la mula kalame taman lokobel ga se dupCV- anan taman aia kan chichi la return come INST place then PERF CONT- sing INST that.one 3S.POSS snake go vi v PREP n TIME ASP ASP- v PREP DEM PRO n v lokobel. Kan nan pu ananan, anan awe atala, lokobel kan nan pu dupCV- anan anan a- we atala place 3S.POSS DEF piece NOMR- sing sing S.MKR- say here n PRO ART n ASP- v v per.mkr- v DEM "Kirikir kaga kaga mitusai mi tun ta we kuku koga." Bia mu ase kap. Kirikir kaga kaga mitusai mi tun ta we kuku koga bia mu a- se akap words to singsing that only S.MKR- PERF NEG n DEM ADV per.mkr- ASP NEG

125

A family of a father got up in the morning and went to the bush to their garden. They hadn't gotten there yet when they killed a snake. They gave it to their son and so he went back with it to the village. He sang about that snake of his as he was going to the village. His small part of a singsing, he sang like this: "Kirikir kaga kaga mitusai mi tun ta we kuku koga." That is all, the end. 21/Dec/2000

T1.1.Nagaa T1.1.Nagaa 001 Nagaa Akosora Kiis. nagaa a- kosora kiis mother S.MKR- make basket n per.mkr- v n Mother makes a basket T1.1.Nagaa 002 Nagaa asi kan kiis turen. nagaa a- si kan kiis turen mother S.Mkr- weave 3S_POSS basket friend n per_mkr- v PRO n ipn Mother weaved her friend's basket. T1.1.Nagaa 003 Adi kiis ma ga la tali sin turen. adi kiis ma ga la tal -i sin turen get basket and then go give -TRANS.MKR TEMP friend v n CNJ TIME v v -TR PREP ipn She got the basket and went to give it to her friend. T1.1.Nagaa 004 turen ase cho sin taton ma ga chek lima mi nagaa. turen a- se cho sin taton ma ga chek lima mi nagaa friend S.Mkr- PERF sit TEMP happy and then shake hand ACCOM mother ipn per_mkr- ASP v PREP ADJ CNJ TIME v ipn PREP n Her friend was very pleased and shook hands with mother. T1.1.Nagaa 005 Nagaa ase eses mula la tatan. nagaa a- se dupCV- es mula la tatan mother S.Mkr- PERF INTENS- walk return go home n per_mkr- ASP ASP- vi vi v ipn Mother returned home. T1.1.Nagaa 006 Mama asi kan kiis sa? T1.1.Nagaa 007 Turen nagaa aparisa? 21/Dec/2000

T1.2.Taman T1.2.Taman 001 Taman Apichi Chibe. taman a- pichi chibe Name S.MKR- tie.up boat PREP per.mkr- v n Taman ties a canoe. T1.2.Taman 002 Taman ma kan mom delu la pichi chibe talaa kuen. taman ma kan mom delu la pichi chibe talaa kuen Taman and 3S.POSS father 3D go tie.up boat there.distant beach PropN CNJ PRO n PRO v v n LOC n Taman and his father go and tie up a canoe at the beach. T1.2.Taman 003 Taman apis la papan kan chibe ma ga la lau. taman a- pis la dupCV- pan kan chibe ma ga la la - yu Taman S.MKR- jump go INTS- on 3S.POSS boat and then go go - 2S PropN per.mkr- v v ASP- PREP PRO n CNJ TIME v v - PRO Taman jumped on his canoe and went to sea.

126

T1.2.Taman 004 No chi di lasi Taman ma di ga sol la ngali lasi. no chi di lasi taman ma di ga sol la ngali lasi PL child 3P see Taman and 3P then run go REAS see PL n PRO vt PropN CNJ PRO TIME vi v PREP vt The kids saw Taman and they ran to see. T1.2.Taman 005 Taman alasi di ma ga taton. taman a- lasi di ma ga taton Taman S.MKR- see 3P and then happy PropN per.mkr- vt PRO CNJ TIME ADJ Taman saw them and then was happy. T1.2.Taman 006 Taman ma kan mom delu pare sa'? taman ma kan mom delu pare sa' Taman and 3S.POSS father 3D talk.do what PropN CNJ PRO n PRO v PRO What did Taman and his father do? T1.2.Taman 007 No sa di lasi Taman pan chibe? no sa di lasi taman pan chibe PL who 3P see Taman on boat PL PRO PRO vt PropN PREP n Who all saw Taman on the boat? 21/Dec/2000

T1.3.Mara T1.3.Mara 001 Mara mi kan chana delu tamtabali kadelu bool. mara mi kan chana delu dupCV- tabali kadelu bool Mara ACCOM 3S_POSS girl 3D INTENS- look.after POSS_PFX- 3D pig PropN PREP PRO n PRO ASP- v PRO- PRO n Mara and her daughter were taking care of their pig. T1.3.Mara 002 Sin biaka leng, Mara ase kap adodomi ngali tabali bool. sin bia -ka leng mara a- se akap adodo - mi ngali tabali bool TEMP that -INDEF day Mara S.MKR- PERFNEG think - ACCOM PURP look.after pig PREP DEM -ART n PropNper.mkr- ASP NEG v - PREP PREP v n One day Mara didn't remember to give food to the pig. T1.3.Mara 003 Bool ase mara le til tala paligaal ngali Mara bool a- se mara le til tala paligaal ngali mara pig S.Mkr- PERF persistantly come stand here behind PURP tired_of n per_mkr- ASP ASP v v LOC PREP PREP ASP naba tabali. ka- ba tabali POSS_PFX- FUT look.after PRO- TNS v The pig came and stood for a very long time here behind (the house) for Mara to give food. T1.3.Mara 004 Ase mara le til o ga se mula. a- se mara le til o ga se mula S.Mkr- PERF tired_of come stand and then PERF return per_mkr- ASP ASP v v CNJ TIME ASP vi It came and stood for a very long time and then went back. T1.3.Mara 006 Mara mi sa delu tamtabali bool? T1.3.Mara 007 Bool ita atiltil? 21/Dec/2000

T1.4.Mom

127

T1.4.Mom 001 Mom Akosora Barateng. mom a- kosora barateng father S.MKR- make fence n per.mkr- v n Father makes a fence. T1.4.Mom 002 Sin biaka leng, mom ala batangi barateng. si -n bia ka leng mom a- la batang -i barateng DAT -3S.IPM that INDEF day father S.MKR- go make.fence -TR fence ipn -sfx DEM ART n n per.mkr- v v -TR n One day father went and fenced a fence. T1.4.Mom 003 Ataulaa barateng ma ga bulngi. a- taulaa barateng ma ga bulngi S.MKR- lay.bamboo.guide fence and then make.hole.for.post per.mkr- v n CNJ TIME v He laid down the bamboo guides and then made post holes. T1.4.Mom 004 Mom ala ko kit ma ga le aloskiti barateng. mom a- la koli kit ma ga le aloskiti barateng father S.MKR- go cut.down fence.post and then come place.fence.post fence n per.mkr- v v n CNJ TIME v v n Father went and cut fence posts and then came and placed the posts for the fence. T1.4.Mom 005 Mom alasi matanios ta se soriri, asuk ilei mama mom a- lasi matanios ta se soriri a- suk ile -i mama father S.MKR- see sun REL.CL PERF decend S.MKR- INTENS call -TR mother n per.mkr- vt n ASP ASP v per.mkr- ADV v -TR n ngali delu ba la lokobel. ngali delu ba la lokobel REAS 3D FUT go place PREP PRO TNS v n Father saw that that the sun was going down, so he called mama so they could go the the village. T1.4.Mom 006 Mom ala paresa' lan uma? mom a- la pare - sa' lan uma father S.MKR- go talk.do - what in garden n per.mkr- v v - PRO PREP n Father went to do what in the garden? T1.4.Mom 007 Sa la mi mom? sa la mi mom who go ACCOM father PRO v PREP n Who went with father? 21/Dec/2000

T2.1.Aruk T2.1.Aruk 001 Kan Tabaorong Aruk. kan tabaorong Aruk 3S.POSS bride.price.pmt Aruk PRO n PropN Aruk's Tabaorong T2.1.Aruk 002 Aruk asaan ngali Miri, kan chana Maro ngali delu ba emakise. Aruk a- saan ngali Miri kan chana Maro ngali delu ba e- makiis Aruk S.MKR- like REAS Miri 3S.POSS girl Maro REAS 3D FUT recip- marry PropN per.mkr- v PREP PropN PRO n PropNPREP PRO TNS vpfx- vi Aruk wanted to marry Miri. T2.1.Aruk 003 Aruk ala asaiti kan mom ngali naba choko sin

128

Aruk a- la asait -i kan mom ngali a- ba cho si -n Aruk S.MKR- go tell -TR 3S.POSS father REAS S.MKR- FUT join.with DAT -3S.IPM PropN per.mkr- v vi -TR PRO n PREP per.mkr- TNS vi ipn -sfx Miri. Miri Miri PropN Aruk went and told his father that he would join with Miri. T2.1.Aruk 004 Miri asir ngali Aruk. Miri a- sir ngali Aruk Miri S.MKR- approve REAS Aruk PropN per.mkr- v PREP PropN Miri accepted his proposal. T2.1.Aruk 006 Kan mom asirawa kan chi ngali makis sin Miri. kan mom a- sir kan chi ngali makiis si -n Miri 3S.POSS father S.MKR- approve 3S.POSS boy REAS marry DAT -3S.IPM Miri PRO n per.mkr- v PRO n PREP vi ipn -sfx PropN His father approved of his son marrying Miri. T2.1.Aruk 007 Mil di ga aturungi tabaorong ngali sali minangel mil di ga aturung -i tabaorong ngali sali mangel -in- later 3P then put -TR bride.price.pmt REAS get.rid.of shame -NOMR- adv PRO TIME v -TR n PREP v n -vinf- sin kadelu no tamat. si -n kadelu no tamat DAT -3S.IPM POSS- 3D PL man ipn -sfx pfx- PRO PL n Later they put up a payment of bride price to eliminate the shame from their siblingings. T2.1.Aruk 008 Sa kan chana Maro? sa kan chana Maro who 3S.POSS girl Maro PRO PRO n PropN Who is Maro's daughter? T2.1.Aruk 009 Aruk ala asaiti sa? Aruk a- la asait -i sa Aruk S.MKR- go tell -TR who PropN per.mkr- v vi -TR PRO Who did Aruk go tell? 21/Dec/2000

T2.2.Ragan T2.2.Ragan 001 Ragan Achubil. Ragan a- chubil Ragan S.MKR- hunt PropN per.mkr- v Ragan hunts. T2.2.Ragan 002 Lawaring bingbing, Ragan awe na la chubil. lawaring bingbing Ragan a- we ina la chubil morning early Ragan S.MKR- say GEN go hunt n ADJ PropN per.mkr- v PREP v v Early in the morning Ragan wanted to go hunting. T2.2.Ragan 003 Ragan atapas adi kan billi, ailei kan no kapuna di Ragan a- tapas adi kan billi a- ile -i kan no kapuna di Ragan S.MKR- start get 3S.POSS spear S.MKR- call -TR 3S.POSS PL dog 3P PropN per.mkr- v v PRO n per.mkr- v -TR PRO PL n PRO suk la.

129

suk la INTENS go ADV v Ragan got up and got his spear, called his dogs. They just went. T2.2.Ragan 004 Ragan ase la es chap sangan kan uma ila Dura. Ragan a- se la es chap sanga -n kan uma ila Dura Ragan S.MKR- PERF go walk arrive close.to -3S.IPM 3S.POSS garden this.anim Dura PropN per.mkr- ASP v vi v ipn -sfx PRO n PRO PropN Ragan went walking arrived near Dura's garden. T2.2.Ragan 005 Awe alolong, asuk alongen no kapuna di ta kuuk. a- we a- dupCV- long a- suk alongen no kapuna di ta kuk S.MKR- say S.MKR- CONT- hear S.MKR- INTENS hear PL dog 3P REL.CL one per.mkr- v per.mkr- ASP- v per.mkr- ADV v PL n PRO ASP NUM He listened and heard the dogs barking. T2.2.Ragan 006 Ragan asuk sol la taman billi. Ragan a- suk sol la taman billi Ragan S.MKR- INTENS run go INST spear PropN per.mkr- ADV vi v PREP n Ragan just ran, going with his spear. T2.2.Ragan 007 Asoro we ma di kuuk ngali bool o ita di kuuk ngali muat. a- soro we ma di kuk ngali bool o ita di kuk ngali muat S.MKR- Irrealis say and 3P one REAS pig and where 3P one REAS snake.sp per.mkr- ASP v CNJ PRO NUM PREP n CNJ PRO PRO NUM PREP PropN He thought they were barking at a pig, but they were barking at a Muat snake. T2.2.Ragan 008 Ragan adi kan billi, asuk choka chichi pan kuan, Ragan adi kan billi a- suk choka chichi pan kua -n Ragan get 3S.POSS spear S.MKR- INTENS spear snake on head -3S.IPM PropN v PRO n per.mkr- ADV v n PREP ipn -sfx asuk met. a- suk met S.MKR- INTENS die per.mkr- ADV v Ragan got his spear, just stabbed the snake on it's head and it just died. T2.2.Ragan 009 Ragan achubil mi sa? Ragan a- chubil mi sa Ragan S.MKR- hunt ACCOM who PropN per.mkr- v PREP PRO Who did Ragan go hunting with? T2.2.Ragan 010 No kapuna di kuuk ngali sa'? no kapuna di kuk ngali sa' PL dog 3P one REAS what PL n PRO NUM PREP PRO Why were the dogs barking? 21/Dec/2000

T2.3.Sali T2.3.Sali 001 Sali Asok Muu. sali a- sok muu Sali S.MKR- plant vine.sp PropNper.mkr- v PropN Sali plants Muu. T2.3.Sali 002 Sali adi sua ina muu ma ga la soka tatan. sali adi sua ina muu ma ga la soka tata -n Sali get rope GEN vine.sp and then go plant home -3S.IPM

130

PropN v n PREP PropN CNJ TIME v v ipn -sfx Sali got a vine of Muu and then went and planted it in his place. T2.3.Sali 003 No daan lawaring, Sali atigiri silsili no taman daan. no daan lawaring sali atigiri dupCVC- sil -i no taman daan PL water morning Sali habitually HAB- wash -TR PL INST water PL n n PropN ASP ASP- v -TR PL PREP n Every morning Sali watered them with water. T2.3.Sali 004 Sali atilamamil sin, apupua muu ta chik. sali a- tilamamil si -n a- pupua muu ta chik Sali S.MKR- look.after DAT -3S.IPM S.MKR- able vine.sp REL.CL grow PropN per.mkr- vi ipn -sfx per.mkr- v PropN ASP v Sali looked after them until the vine grew. T2.3.Sali 005 Muu achik ga suk kaiil la papan kan anua. muu a- chik ga suk kaiil la dupCV- pan kan anua vine.sp S.MKR- grow then INTENS climb.like.vine go INTS- on 3S.POSS house PropN per.mkr- v TIME ADV v v ASP- PREP PRO n The muu grew and just climbed going up on top of his house. T2.3.Sali 006 Alilis ngali kan muu naba achul baa. a- dupCV- lis ngali kan muu a- ba a- chul baa S.MKR- CONT- wait REAS 3S.POSS vine.sp S.MKR- FUT CAUS- go.down root per.mkr- ASP- v PREP PRO PropN per.mkr- TNS pfx- v n He so that his muu would put down roots. T2.3.Sali 007 Kan muu achul baa, akap sar. kan muu a- chul baa akap sar 3S.POSS vine.sp CAUS- go.down root NEG play PRO PropN pfx- v n NEG vi His muu put down roots, not playing (ie., lots of roots). T2.3.Sali 008 Mil, na la kaii, nawe kan no baa naba se maatkel. mil na la kai -i nawe kan no baa a- ba se maatkel later IMPV go dig -TR suppose 3S.POSS PL root S.MKR- FUT PERF ripe adv ASP v v -TR COND PRO PL n per.mkr- TNS ASP ADJ Later he must dig if t's roots will be ready. T2.3.Sali 009 Sin atul ina uleng, Sali asuk kaii kan no muu. si -n a- tul ina uleng sali a- suk kai -i kan no muu DAT -3S.IPM ADJR- three GEN month Sali S.MKR- INTENS dig -TR 3S.POSS PL vine.sp ipn -sfx pfx- NUM PREP n PropN per.mkr- ADV v -TR PRO PL PropN In three months Sali went and dug his muu. T2.3.Sali 010 Ita Sali asoka kan muu? ita sali a- soka kan muu where Sali S.MKR- plant 3S.POSS vine.sp PRO PropN per.mkr- v PRO PropN Where did Sali plant his muu? T2.3.Sali 011 Sa tilamamil sin muu? sa tilamamil si -n muu who look.after DAT -3S.IPM vine.sp PRO vi ipn -sfx PropN Who looked after the muu? 21/Dec/2000

T2.4.Doli T2.4.Doli 001 Doli Atatangina Niu. Doli a- tatanginei i niu Doli S.MKR- find.at.place lace coconut

131

PropN per.mkr- v n Doli finds a coconut. T2.4.Doli 002 Biaka leng, Doli asarsar talaa kuen, o ga bia ka leng Doli a- dup- sar talaa kuen o ga that INDEF day Doli S.MKR- CONT- play there.distant beach and then DEM ART n PropN per.mkr- ASP- vi LOC n CNJ TIME tatanginai niu. tatanginei -i niu find.at.place -TR coconut v -TR n One day Doli was playing there at the beach and found a coconut. T2.4.Doli 003 Doli adi niu la sangan kan mama. Doli adi niu la sanga -n kan mama Doli get coconut go close.to -3S.IPM 3S.POSS mother PropN v n v ipn -sfx PRO n Doli got the coconut and went to her mother. T2.4.Doli 004 Kan mama asadi niu ma ga chupki. kan mama a- se adi niu ma ga chupki 3S.POSS mother S.MKR- PERF get coconut and then husk PRO n per.mkr- ASP v n CNJ TIME v Her mother got the cocontu and husked it. T2.4.Doli 005 Adi niu ma ga nunngi. adi niu ma ga nun -ngi get coconut and then drink -TR v n CNJ TIME v -TR She took the coconut and drank it. T2.4.Doli 006 Anun ararai, o ga adi la sangan kan mama. a- nun arara -i o ga adi la sanga -n kan mama S.MKR- drink completely -TR and then get go close.to -3S.IPM 3S.POSS mother per.mkr- v ADV -TR CNJ TIME v v ipn -sfx PRO n She finished drinking and then took it to her mother. T2.4.Doli 007 Kan nagaa apachali niu ma ga tali kolot sin kapuna, o kan nagaa apachali niu ma ga tal -i kolot si -n kapuna o 3S.POSS mother crack.open coconut and then give -TR place DAT -3S.IPM dog and PRO n v n CNJ TIME v -TR n ipn -sfx n CNJ kolot angani. kolot a- ngane' place ADJR- eat n pfx- v Her mother cracked open the coconut and then gave part to the dog and ate part. T2.4.Doli 008 Ita Doli atatanginai niu? ita Doli a- tatanginei -i niu where Doli S.MKR- find.at.place -TR coconut PRO PropN per.mkr- v -TR n Where did Doli find a coconut? T2.4.Doli 009 Atali kolot sin sa? a- tal -i kolot si -n sa S.MKR- give -TR place DAT -3S.IPM who per.mkr- v -TR n ipn -sfx PRO Who did she give part to? 21/Dec/2000

T2.5.Kosi T2.5.Kosi 001 Kosi Ateng.

132

Kosi a- teng Kosi S.MKR- cry PropN per.mkr- vi Kosi cries. T2.5.Kosi 002 Kosi asoka tamelo lan kan uma. Kosi a- soka tamelo lan kan uma Kosi S.MKR- plant watermelon in 3S.POSS garden PropN per.mkr- v n PREP PRO n Kosi planted watermelons in his garden. T2.5.Kosi 003 Lan kan uma Kosi, no tamelo ase maatkel. lan kan uma Kosi no tamelo a- se maatkel in 3S.POSS garden Kosi PL watermelon S.MKR- PERF ripe PREP PRO n PropN PL n per.mkr- ASP ADJ In Kosi's garden, the watermelons got ripe. T2.5.Kosi 004 Biaka leng, kirak ala pula tamelo lan kan uma bia ka leng kirak a- la pula tamelo lan kan uma that INDEF day bird.sp S.MKR- go ground watermelon in 3S.POSS garden DEM ART n PropN per.mkr- v n n PREP PRO n Kosi, o ga kap lasi Kosi. Kosi o ga akap lasi Kosi Kosi and then NEG see Kosi PropN CNJ TIME NEG vt PropN One day kirak went and stole a watermelon in Kosi's garden and didn't see Kosi. T2.5.Kosi 005 Kosi adi man paas, ma pan amantei Kirak lan kan uma. Kosi adi man paas ma pan amantei kirak lan kan uma Kosi get 3S.BEN stick and strike kill bird.sp in 3S.POSS garden PropN v PRO n CNJ v v PropN PREP PRO n Kosi got himself a stick and struck and killed the Kirak in his garden. T2.5.Kosi 006 Moton Kirak ale lasi ta se met, o ga suk moto -n kirak a- le lasi ta se met o ga suk Opp_sex_sibling -3S.IPM bird.sp S.MKR- come see REL.CL PERF die and then INTENS ipn -sfx PropN per.mkr- v vt ASP ASP v CNJ TIME ADV teng taman ma la puname. teng taman ma la puname cry INST and go bury vi PREP CNJ v v Kirak's sister came and saw that he had died and then just cried over him and went and buried him. T2.5.Kosi 007 Kirak ala pulake kan no tamelo sa? kirak a- la pulake kan no tamelo sa bird.sp S.MKR- go steal 3S.POSS PL watermelon who PropN per.mkr- v v PRO PL n PRO Kirak went and stole whose watermelons? T2.5.Kosi 008 Inai se Kirak? inai se kirak where.is PERF bird.sp Q ASP PropN Where is Kirak? 21/Dec/2000

T2.6.Puraa T2.6.Puraa 001 Puraa Alawit Pan Buk. puraa a- lawit pan buk chicken S.MKR- cut.small.brush on mountain n per.mkr- v PREP n A chicken weeds her garden.

133

T2.6.Puraa 002 Puraa alawiti kan uma pan buk. puraa a- lawit -i kan uma pan buk chicken S.MKR- cut.small.brush -TR 3S.POSS garden on mountain n per.mkr- v -TR PRO n PREP n A chicken cleared brush from her garden on the mountain. T2.6.Puraa 003 Adi kan tetel asuk la lauteng. adi kan tetel a- suk la lauteng get 3S.POSS knife S.MKR- INTENS go bush v PRO n per.mkr- ADV v n She got her knife and went to the bush. T2.6.Puraa 004 Puraa akap lasi muat ta matmatul paina yi. puraa akap lasi muat ta dupCVC- matul paina yi chicken NEG see snake.sp REL.CL CONT- sleep underneath tree n NEG vt PropN ASP ASP- v PREP n The chicken saw a muat sleeping under a tree. T2.6.Puraa 005 O ga lo es la la. o ga lo es la la and then progressive walk go go CNJ TIME ASP vi v v And she kept walking going on. T2.6.Puraa 006 Puraa atapas ngali lawit, ga lasi muat ta kaam chul. puraa a- tapas ngali lawit ga lasi muat ta kaam chul chicken S.MKR- start REAS cut.small.brush then see snake.sp REL.CL crawl go.down n per.mkr- v PREP v TIME vt PropN ASP v v The chicken started to cut brush and then saw the muat crawling coming down. T2.6.Puraa 007 Asuk til didir taman kan tetel. a- suk til didir taman kan tetel S.MKR- INTENS stand quake INST 3S.POSS knife per.mkr- ADV v v PREP PRO n She really stood up shaking with her knife! T2.6.Puraa 008 Atunga sin, ma ga suk sol. a- tunga si -n ma ga suk sol S.MKR- be.surprised DAT -3S.IPM and then INTENS run per.mkr- vi ipn -sfx CNJ TIME ADV vi Being surprised at it she really ran. T2.6.Puraa 009 Asuk papali kan tetel. a- suk papali kan tetel S.MKR- INTENS leave 3S.POSS knife per.mkr- ADV v PRO n She just left her knife. T2.6.Puraa 010 Sa lawit? sa lawit who cut.small.brush PRO v Who was cutting brush? T2.6.Puraa 011 Sa' marang akaam chul? sa' marang a- kaam chul what something S.MKR- crawl go.down PRO n per.mkr- v v What thing came crawling down? 21/Dec/2000

T3.1.Liko

134

T3.1.Liko 001 Liko Atilngi Anua. Liko a- til -ngi anua Liko S.MKR- stand -TR house PropN per.mkr- v -TR n Liko stands up a house. T3.1.Liko 002 Liko atilngi kan anua. Liko a- til -ngi kan anua Liko S.MKR- stand -TR 3S.POSS house PropN per.mkr- v -TR PRO n Liko stands up his house. T3.1.Liko 003 Atil tutur, o ga bula mula la lauteng ngali kaa bongobongo. a- til tutur o ga bula mula la lauteng ngali kaa bongobongo S.MKR- stand post and then again return go bush REAS some house.framing per.mkr- v n CNJ TIME ADV vi v n PREP DEM n He stood the posts and then again returned to the bush for some framing pieces. T3.1.Liko 004 Liko awe na adi bongobongo, o taluna ga suk taput. Liko a- we ina adi bongobongo o taluna ga suk taput Liko S.MKR- say GEN get house.framing and back.side then INTENS overloaded PropN per.mkr- v PREP v n CNJ n TIME ADV ADJ Liko was about to get the framing and his back just gave out. T3.1.Liko 005 Aes korik mula la lokobel. a- es korik mula la lokobel S.MKR- walk bent.over return go place per.mkr- vi ADV vi v n He hobbled back to the village. T3.1.Liko 006 Kan kuala alasi ga suk titi buka. kan kuala a- lasi ga suk titi buka 3S.POSS old.woman S.MKR- see then INTENS mercy very.much PRO n per.mkr- vt TIME ADV n adv His wife saw him and was really very sorry for him. T3.1.Liko 007 Adi no tubatuba ga le tubaa achoti taluna. adi no tubatuba ga le tubaa a-{per.mkr} cho - ti get PL medicine then come treat S.MKR- v PL n TIME v v T3.1.Liko 008 Lo chi delu lasi kadelu tata ta se kap pupua ngali le kosora ararai anua. T3.1.Liko 009 Delu suk la lauteng, ma adi no bongbongo male tumara anua. T3.1.Liko 010 Akap ka using, delu ga bula la ngali koli kal lauteng, sin ta muina, Liko ta se kap takapua T3.1.Liko 011 Biaka leng papan, lo chi delu tumara ararai abia anua sin kadelu tata. T3.1.Liko 012 Karin anua papatinai abia lo chi delu ti ararai sin acha bia leng. T3.1.Liko 013 Yiaka ina delulu ga we, "Gitaa la lasi tata taman taluna." T3.1.Liko 014

135

"Lei." T3.1.Liko 015 Delu suk eses la sangan Liko ma kan kuala delu ta kalkale pan chabedis. T3.1.Liko 016 "Nale akau tata! T3.1.Liko 017 U akau mu?" T3.1.Liko 018 "Ya kap akau buka se. T3.1.Liko 019 Ya se cho sin maramase taman talugu ta taput sin alet mamaket." T3.1.Liko 020 Liko awe na kosora sa'? T3.1.Liko 021 Sa ararai kan anua? 21/Dec/2000

T3.2.Tetepuli T3.2.Tetepuli 001 Uleng Ina Tetepuli. T3.2.Tetepuli 002 Sin nan apasaet ina uleng, no aina ma no tamat di ga tetepuli lan no bing. T3.2.Tetepuli 003 No aina ma no tamat di ga tetepuli ngali akilangi beta taka chul. T3.2.Tetepuli 004 Setaun no tamat di ga takaturungi no sua lan no siaat o lan no bing, di ga ebulis ngali tetepuli. T3.2.Tetepuli 005 Sin bing beta naba ta chul, ka tamat naba kuup, naba la ngali akilangi beta nate ase chul. T3.2.Tetepuli 006 Iwa tamat naba mula o na la asait leng, natawe beta ase chul o akap. T3.2.Tetepuli 007 Nawe beta naba se chul, iwa tamat naba kppu, o no aina ma no tamat di na la ngali lukui. T3.2.Tetepuli 008 Di ga lu choli taman no riri. T3.2.Tetepuli 009 Di se adi no kale sin kadi no anua ngali la gurai akauchi taman daan madil. T3.2.Tetepuli 010 Lowareng ina no aina di se papari ngali akui no beta. T3.2.Tetepuli 011 No tamat di la lu malang ngali maketim no beta.

136

T3.2.Tetepuli 012 No aina di chupki no malang, di ga se kuli no. T3.2.Tetepuli 013 Biakal di la papat. T3.2.Tetepuli 014 No aina di se maket tuali kadi no tin, di ga aturungi no papan ika, di ga se akui. T3.2.Tetepuli 015 Nabing, no aina di se tetei no ika, di ga se angin sin abia kolot ina Tetepuli. T3.2.Tetepuli 016 Di arara, di se angin kap, di ga se kale papari taman uleng ina Tetepuli. T3.2.Tetepuli 017 Di tetepuli ngali sa'? T3.2.Tetepuli 018 Di adi no beta taman sa'? T3.2.Tetepuli 019 No sa di la lu malang ngali maket? T3.3.Lukas T3.3.Lukas 001 Lukas Ala Chup Wi'. Lukas a- la chup wi' Lukas S.MKR- go dig yam PropN per.mkr- v v n Lukas goes to dig up yams. T3.3.Lukas 002 Lukas ti la lan uma ngali la lasi kan no wi'. Lukas ti la lan uma ngali la lasi kan no wi' Lukas PST go in garden REAS go see 3S.POSS PL yam PropN TNS v PREP n PREP v vt PRO PL n Lukas went to the garden to go see his yams. T3.3.Lukas 003 Alasi no wi' ta se maatkel akau, achupki no, ga la a- lasi no wi' ta se maatkel akau a- chupki no ga la S.MKR- see PL yam REL.CL PERF ripe good S.MKR- husk PL then go per.mkr- vt PL n ASP ASP ADJ ADJ per.mkr- v PL TIME v aputputi no lan uk kolot. aputput -i no lan uk kolot collect -TR PL in same place v -TR PL PREP ADJ n He saw that the yams were ripe, he dug them up then went and collected them in one place. T3.3.Lukas 004 Atuali no kiis ta paskuk, ga pis tali no a- tuel -i no kiis ta pas - kuk ga pis tal -i no S.MKR- fill -TR PL basket REL.CL five.plus - one then tie.up give -TR PL per.mkr- v -TR PL n ASP NUM - NUM TIME v v -TR PL sin isa, o ga alet langen no lokobel. si -n isa o ga alet la ngen no lokobel DAT -3S.IPM bamboo and then lift.carry go motion PL place ipn -sfx n CNJ TIME v v ASP PL n He filled up six baskets then tied them to a bamboo and carried them to the village. T3.3.Lukas 005 Ala chap nanua, ga suk chipi biakaa wi' ta lua. a- la chap lan anua ga suk chipi bia kaa wi' ta lua

137

S.MKR- go arrive in house then INTENS peel that some yam REL.CL two per.mkr- v v PREP n TIME ADV v DEM DEM n ASP NUM He got to the house then just peeled two yams. T3.3.Lukas 006 Akuli no malang ta lua, o ga akui no wi'. a- kuli no malang ta lua o ga aku -i no wi' S.MKR- scrape PL dry REL.CL two and then cook -TR PL yam per.mkr- v PL ADJ ASP NUM CNJ TIME v -TR PL n He scraped two dry coconuts and then cooked the yams. T3.3.Lukas 007 No wi' ase mosos, o ga aturungi pan ibe ngali naba no wi' a- se mosos o ga aturung -i pan ibe ngali a- ba PL yam S.MKR- PERF done.cooking and then put -TR on bed REAS S.MKR- FUT PL n per.mkr- ASP v CNJ TIME v -TR PREP n PREP per.mkr- TNS turi, o ga la sisil. turi o ga la dupCV- sil cool and then go CONT- wash v CNJ TIME v ASP- v The yams were ready and then he put them on a bed so they would cool and then he went to bathe. T3.3.Lukas 008 Kan no yaya di kalame, ma di suk angen ararai kan no kan no yaya di kalame ma di suk angen arara -i kan no 3S.POSS PL grandparent 3P come and 3P INTENS eat completely -TR 3S.POSS PL PRO PL n PRO v CNJ PRO ADV v ADV -TR PRO PL wi'. wi' yam n His grandchildren came and they ate up his yams. T3.3.Lukas 009 Bia Lukas ta mula, asuk le asi no wi'. bia Lukas ta mula a- suk le asi no wi' when Lukas REL.CL return S.MKR- INTENS come notice.missing PL yam REL PropN ASP vi per.mkr- ADV v v PL n When Lukas returned he came and noticed the yams were missing. T3.3.Lukas 010 Ala ma ga achura kan no yaya, o di ga dare we akap di. a- la ma ga achura kan no yaya o di ga dare we akap di S.MKR- go and then ask 3S.POSS PL grandparent and 3P then lie say NEG 3P per.mkr- v CNJ TIME v PRO PL n CNJ PRO TIME v v NEG PRO He went and asked his grandchildren and they lied saying it was not them. T3.3.Lukas 011 Lukas ala chali kadi no mama abia no chi, o ga la asaiti Lukas a- la chale -i kad -i no mama abia no chi o ga la asait -i Lukas S.MKR- go search -TR cane -TR PL mother that PL child and then go tell -TR PropN per.mkr- v v -TR n -TR PL n DEM PL n CNJ TIME v vi -TR di. di 3P PRO Lukas went and found the mothers of those children and told them. T3.3.Lukas 012 Bia kadi no mama ta kalili di, akuk ina abia no chi bia kad -i no mama ta kalil -i di a- kuk ina abia no chi when cane -TR PL mother REL.CL chase -TR 3P ADJR- one GEN that PL child REL n -TR PL n ASP v -TR PRO pfx- NUM PREP DEM PL n awe asol la lauteng, asuk kol lan lis. a- we a- sol la lauteng a- suk kol lan lis S.MKR- say S.MKR- run go bush S.MKR- INTENS fall in deep.pit per.mkr- v per.mkr- vi v n per.mkr- ADV vi PREP n When their mothers chased them one of the children ran into the bush and fell in a deep pit. T3.3.Lukas 013

138

Atengteng tia, ga kap ka na alongen. a- dup- teng atia ga akap ka ina alongen S.MKR- CONT- cry there then NEG INDEF GEN hear per.mkr- ASP- vi LOC TIME NEG ART PREP v He cried there and there was no one to hear. T3.3.Lukas 014 Nale se, kan mama asuk alongen ta teng. nale se kan mama a- suk alongen ta teng afternoon PERF 3S.POSS mother S.MKR- INTENS hear REL.CL cry n ASP PRO n per.mkr- ADV v ASP vi In the afternoon his mama heard him crying. T3.3.Lukas 015 Adi sua, asuk te achulngi kan chi. adi sua a- suk te a- chul -ngi kan chi get rope S.MKR- INTENS pull CAUS- go.down -TR 3S.POSS boy v n per.mkr- ADV v pfx- v -TR PRO n She got a rope and just pulled her son out. T3.3.Lukas 016 Lukas ala chup sa'? Lukas a- la chup sa' Lukas S.MKR- go dig what PropN per.mkr- v v PRO What did Lukas dig up? T3.3.Lukas 017 Aisa no wi' ta akui? aisa no wi' ta aku -i how.many PL yam REL.CL cook -TR Q PL n ASP v -TR How many yams did he cook? T3.3.Lukas 018 Sa angen ararai no wi'? sa angen arara -i no wi' who eat completely -TR PL yam PRO v ADV -TR PL n Who ate all the yams? 21/Dec/2000

T3.4.Malu T3.4.Malu 001 Malu Ma Un. Malu ma un Malu and sea.turtle PropN CNJ n Malu and the Sea Turtle T3.4.Malu 002 Malu ala chulao pan no ngusngus. Malu a- la chulao pan no ngusngus Malu S.MKR- go fish on PL point.stone PropN per.mkr- v v PREP PL n Malu went fishing on the point stones. T3.4.Malu 003 Setaun amat taman kuchira, o ga kap choka kaa ko. setaun a- mat taman kuchira o ga akap choka kaa ko first S.MKR- hole INST fishing.spear and then NEG spear some fish adv per.mkr- n PREP n CNJ TIME NEG v DEM n First he fished on the reef with his fishing spear and didn't spear any fish. T3.4.Malu 004 Akale yawis paina lia ga we anenen, ga lasi, a- kale yawis paina lia ga we a- dupCV- nen ga lasi S.MKR- sit rest underneath cave then say S.MKR- CONT- look then see per.mkr- v vi PREP n TIME v per.mkr- ASP- v TIME vt Un ta ponon kalame. un ta ponon kalame

139

sea.turtle REL.CL ?swim? come n ASP v v He was sitting resting under a cave when he looked and saw a sea turtle swimming coming. T3.4.Malu 005 Malu adi kan billi ma ga choka. Malu adi kan billi ma ga choka Malu get 3S.POSS spear and then spear PropN v PRO n CNJ TIME v Malu got his spear and then speared it. T3.4.Malu 006 Arik amusili, ma ga logochi Un talaa lalaman. a- rik amusili ma ga logochi un talaa lan laman S.MKR- jump follow and then hold.tight sea.turtle there.distant in ocean per.mkr- v v CNJ TIME v n LOC PREP n He jumped down following it and then held the turtle tightly out there in the deep sea. T3.4.Malu 007 Awe atakariti kan paalpaal. a- we a- taka rit -i kan paalpaal S.MKR- say S.MKR- work strongly -TR 3S.POSS wings per.mkr- v per.mkr- v ADV -TR PRO n He wanted to hold onto it's wings. T3.4.Malu 008 Un asuk sol taman. un a- suk sol taman sea.turtle S.MKR- INTENS run INST n per.mkr- ADV vi PREP The turtle really ran with him. T3.4.Malu 009 Un alet choli Malu, ma palika lami lalaman. un alet choli Malu ma pal -i ka la - mi lan laman sea.turtle lift.carry hold Malu and sun -TR INDEF go - ACCOM in ocean n v v PropN CNJ n -TR ART v - PREP PREP n The turtle took Malu and swam underwater with him to the deep sea. T3.4.Malu 010 Malu ase mara pirte lan daan. Malu a- se mara pirte lan daan Malu S.MKR- PERF persistantly struggle in water PropN per.mkr- ASP ASP v PREP n Malu struggled for a long time in the water. T3.4.Malu 011 Akap bula pupua ngali kalame lapala. akap bula pupua ngali kalame lapala NEG again able REAS come up NEG ADV v PREP v n He was not able to return to the surface. T3.4.Malu 012 Ga suk met. ga suk met then INTENS die TIME ADV v He just died. T3.4.Malu 013 Kan kuala mi kan no chi di se mara lilis ngali kan kuala mi kan no chi di se mara dupCV- lis ngali 3S.POSS old.woman ACCOM 3S.POSS PL child 3P PERF persistantly CONT- wait REAS PRO n PREP PRO PL n PRO ASP ASP ASP- v PREP naba le chap. a- ba le chap S.MKR- FUT come arrive per.mkr- TNS v v His wife and his children were waiting for a long time for him to arrive. T3.4.Malu 014

140

Di asaiti no inaman in lokobel taman. di asait -i no inaman ina lokobel taman 3P tell -TR PL people GEN place INST PRO vi -TR PL n PREP n PREP The told the village people about it. T3.4.Malu 015 No inaman di tapas, di suk la chali. no inaman di tapas di suk la chale -i PL people 3P start 3P INTENS go search -TR PL n PRO v PRO ADV v v -TR The people got up and went searching. T3.4.Malu 016 Di se mara chali talaa lao. di se mara chale -i talaa lao 3P PERF persistantly search -TR there.distant ocean PRO ASP ASP v -TR LOC n They searched for a long time out there in the ocean. T3.4.Malu 017 O di suk mula la kuen. o di suk mula la kuen and 3P INTENS return go beach CNJ PRO ADV vi v n And they just returned going to the beach. T3.4.Malu 018 No inaman di es kalame kuen, di suk lasi Malu pan saar. no inaman di es kalame kuen di suk lasi Malu pan saar PL people 3P walk come beach 3P INTENS see Malu on reef PL n PRO vi v n PRO ADV vt PropN PREP n The people came to the beach and they saw Malu on the reef. T3.4.Malu 019 Di suk achakei la lokobel. di suk achake -i la lokobel 3P INTENS carry -TR go place PRO ADV v -TR v n They just carried him to the village. T3.4.Malu 020 Malu achulao ita? Malu a- chulao ita Malu S.MKR- fish where PropN per.mkr- v PRO Where did Malu go fishing? T3.4.Malu 021 Un asanai Malu? un a- sana -i Malu sea.turtle S.MKR- ? -TR Malu n per.mkr- v -TR PropN What did the turtle do to Malu? T3.4.Malu 022 Ita Malu ase la? ita Malu a- se la where Malu S.MKR- PERF go PRO PropN per.mkr- ASP v Where did Malu go? 21/Dec/2000

T3.5.Malagan T3.5.Malagan 001 No inaman di ti la sin kan malagan Kapi. no inaman di ti la si -n kan malagan Kapi PL people 3P PST go DAT -3S.IPM 3S.POSS mortuary.ritual name PL n PRO TNS v ipn -sfx PRO n PropN The people went to Kapi's mortuary feast. T3.5.Malagan 002

141

No inaman di limlimi kadi no tinili no aina ma no tamat. no inaman di limlim -i kadi no tili -in- no aina ma no tamat PL people 3P watch -TR POSS- 3P PL dance -NOMR- PL woman and PL man PL n PRO v -TR pfx- PRO PL v -vinf- PL n CNJ PL n The people watched the women's and men's dances. T3.5.Malagan 003 Nalo bula ti tale malagan ina bool, o biakaa inaman di ga la Nalo bula ti tale malagan ina bool o bia kaa inaman di ga la name again PST cut wood.carving GEN pig and that some people 3P then go PropN ADV TNS v n PREP n CNJ DEM DEM n PRO TIME v lake. lake pile.on.top v Nalo also carved a carving of a pig and some other people went and heaped presents on it. T3.5.Malagan 004 No tinili ase kap, o no inaman di ga se saren lukal no tili -in- a- se akap o no inaman di ga se sar -en lukal PL dance -NOMR- S.MKR- PERF NEG and PL people 3P then PERF play -trans food PL v -vinf- per.mkr- ASP NEG CNJ PL n PRO TIME ASP vi -sfx n ngali tabali no turen di. ngali tabali no tura -n di REAS feed PL friend -3S.IPM 3P PREP v PL ipn -sfx PRO The dances were finished and the people then distributed food to feed their friends. T3.5.Malagan 005 Di ngani no bool ta lua ma no tin kut ta tul bula. di ngane' no bool ta lua ma no tin kut ta tul bula 3P eat PL pig REL.CL two and PL mumu.bundle mixed.tubers REL.CL three again PRO v PL n ASP NUM CNJ PL n ADJ ASP NUM ADV They ate two pigs and three mumued bundles of sweet potatoes, too. T3.5.Malagan 006 No inaman palpala di se mula ta se nale. no inaman palpala di se mula ta se nale PL people far.away 3P PERF return REL.CL PERF afternoon PL n n PRO ASP vi ASP ASP n The people (from) far away went back it being late afternoon. T3.5.Malagan 007 Nabing, no chi di sarsar o di ga la adi kan malagan Nalo, o nabing no chi di dup- sar o di ga la adi kan malagan Nalo o night PL child 3P CONT- play and 3P then go get 3S.POSS wood.carving name and n PL n PRO ASP- vi CNJ PRO TIME v v PRO n PropN CNJ di ga li lao. di ga li lao 3P then throw.out ocean PRO TIME v n At night the children were playing and they went and got Nalo's wood carving and they threw it in the sea. T3.5.Malagan 008 Nalo alasi di ta sar we atia, adi murtin paas ma kalili Nalo a- lasi di ta sar we atia adi murtin paas ma kalil -i name S.MKR- see 3P REL.CL play say there get very.large stick and chase -TR PropN per.mkr- vt PRO ASP vi v LOC v ADJ n CNJ v -TR di ngen lan kadi no anua. di ngen lan kadi no anua 3P motion in POSS- 3P PL house PRO ASP PREP pfx- PRO PL n Nalo saw them playing like that, got a great big stick and chased them into their houses. T3.5.Malagan 009 Nalo amusili biakaa no chi la lan anua ma ga la ulachi di taman abia Nalo amusili bia kaa no chi la lan anua ma ga la ulachi di taman abia name follow that some PL child go in house and then go beat.down 3P INST that PropN v DEM DEM PL n v PREP n CNJ TIME v v PRO PREP DEM

142

murtin paas. murtin paas very.large stick ADJ n Nalo followed some other children going in a house and then he went beating them down with that large stick. T3.5.Malagan 010 No chi di suk teng kupkup lan anua. no chi di suk teng dup- kup lan anua PL child 3P INTENS cry CONT- shout in house PL n PRO ADV vi ASP- v PREP n The children sure cried hollering in the house. T3.5.Malagan 011 Nalo ala chali kadi no mama abia no chi ngali asaiti di. Nalo a- la chale -i kadi no mama abia no chi ngali asait -i di name S.MKR- go search -TR POSS- 3P PL mother that PL child REAS tell -TR 3P PropN per.mkr- v v -TR pfx- PRO PL n DEM PL n PREP vi -TR PRO Nalo went to find those children's mothers to tell them. T3.5.Malagan 012 Nalo ala asaiti abia no aina taman kadi no chi, o di ga Nalo a- la asait -i abia no aina taman kadi no chi o di ga name S.MKR- go tell -TR that PL woman INST POSS- 3P PL child and 3P then PropN per.mkr- v vi -TR DEM PL n PREP pfx- PRO PL n CNJ PRO TIME suk bal lelep ngali di. suk bale lelep ngali di INTENS stomach hot REAS 3P ADV ipn ADJ PREP PRO Nalo went and told those women about their children and they were really angry towards them. T3.5.Malagan 013 Di lisi kadi no chi, di ta chap, o di ga chapi di. di lis -i kadi no chi di ta chap o di ga chapi di 3P wait -TR POSS- 3P PL child 3P REL.CL arrive and 3P then hit 3P PRO v -TR pfx- PRO PL n PRO ASP v CNJ PRO TIME v PRO They awaited their children's arrival and then they spanked them. T3.5.Malagan 014 No chi di teng kupkup sin kadi no mama ta chapi di. no chi di teng dup- kup si -n kadi no mama ta chapi di PL child 3P cry CONT- shout DAT -3S.IPM POSS- 3P PL mother REL.CL hit 3P PL n PRO vi ASP- v ipn -sfx pfx- PRO PL n ASP v PRO The children cried screaming from their mothers spanking them. T3.5.Malagan 015 No chi di asaiti kadi no mama di ba kap kosora bula abia mat no chi di asait -i kadi no mama di ba akap kosora bula abia mat PL child 3P tell -TR POSS- 3P PL mother 3P FUT NEG make again that kind PL n PRO vi -TR pfx- PRO PL n PRO TNS NEG v ADV DEM n namang bula. namang bula custom again n ADV The children told their mothers they will not again do that kind of behavior again. T3.5.Malagan 016 Kan malagan sa? kan malagan sa 3S.POSS mortuary.ritual who PRO n PRO Whose mortuary feast (was it)? T3.5.Malagan 017 Malagan ina sa'? malagan ina sa' wood.carving GEN what n PREP PRO What (was it) a carving of? 21/Dec/2000

143

T3.6.Laru T3.6.Laru 001 Laru Aachina. Laru a- achina name S.MKR- trap PropN per.mkr- n Laru trapped. T3.6.Laru 002 Laru ala ko yie ngali kan anua. Laru a- la ko yi ngali kan anua name S.MKR- go cut.down tree REAS 3S.POSS house PropN per.mkr- v v n PREP PRO n Laru went to cut wood for his house. T3.6.Laru 003 Akap ati Sorong ta aturung achina paina no barateng ina kan uma. akap ati Sorong ta aturung achina paina no barateng ina kan uma NEG know name REL.CL put trap underneath PL fence GEN 3S.POSS garden NEG v PropN ASP v n PREP PL n PREP PRO n He didn't know that Sorong had put a trap under the fences of his garden. T3.6.Laru 004 Laru ako yie arara o ga we ase mula taman Laru a- ko yi arara o ga we a- se mula taman name S.MKR- cut.down wood completely and then say S.MKR- PERF return INST PropN per.mkr- v n ADV CNJ TIME v per.mkr- ASP vi PREP kan poko yie. kan poko yi 3S.POSS bundle wood PRO n n Laru finished cutting wood and then was ready to return with his bundle of wood. T3.6.Laru 005 Akap ati achina paina kan barateng Sorong. akap ati achina paina kan barateng Sorong NEG know trap underneath 3S.POSS fence name NEG v n PREP PRO n PropN He didn't know (about) the trap under Sorong's fence. T3.6.Laru 006 Bia Laru ta bubut lan achina asuk pichik. bia Laru ta bubut lan achina a- suk pichik when name REL.CL shoe in trap S.MKR- INTENS catch REL PropN ASP n PREP n per.mkr- ADV v When Laru stepped in the trap it suddenly caught him. T3.6.Laru 007 Poko yie akol lapula o Laru ide se tangtangur poko yi a- kol lapula o Laru ide se dupCVC- tangur bundle wood S.MKR- fall down and name he.mid.dist PERF CONT- hang n n per.mkr- vi PREP CNJ PropN DEM ASP ASP- v sin achina. si -n achina DAT -3S.IPM trap ipn -sfx n The bundle of wood fell down and Laru himself was hanging from the trap. T3.6.Laru 008 Alo kupkup pan achina o ga kap ka na alongen. a- lo dup- kup pan achina o ga akap ka na alongen S.MKR- progressive CONT- shout on trap and then NEG INDEF ? hear per.mkr- ASP ASP- v PREP n CNJ TIME NEG ART ASP v He kept on shouting from the trap and there was no one who heard. T3.6.Laru 009 Manman dokdok mu kan kuala Sorong mi kan no chi di se Dup- man dokdok mu kan kuala Sorong mi kan no chi di se CONT- stay small only 3S.POSS old.woman name ACCOM 3S.POSS PL child 3P PERF ASP- v ADJ ADV PRO n PropN PREP PRO PL n PRO ASP

144

le es chap lan uma. le es chap lan uma come walk arrive in garden v vi v PREP n A little (time passed), Sorong's wife and her children came walking and arrived in the garden. T3.6.Laru 010 Di alongen Laru ta kupkup pan achina. di alongen Laru ta dup- kup pan achina 3P hear name REL.CL CONT- shout on trap PRO v PropN ASP ASP- v PREP n They heard Laru shouting on the trap. T3.6.Laru 011 Kan chi Sorong ala ga tikli Laru pan achina. kan chi Sorong a- la ga tik li Laru pan achina 3S.POSS boy name S.MKR- go then cut.lashings throw.out name on trap PRO n PropN per.mkr- v TIME v v PropN PREP n Sorong's son went and cut Laru from the trap. T3.6.Laru 012 Laru ase kap pupua ngali eses. Laru a- se akap pupua ngali dup- es name S.MKR- PERF NEG able REAS CONT- walk PropN per.mkr- ASP NEG v PREP ASP- vi Laru was not able to walk. T3.6.Laru 013 Kan chi Sorong ala tia, asuk kakui Laru la kan chi Sorong a- la atia a- suk kakui Laru la 3S.POSS boy name S.MKR- go there S.MKR- INTENS carry.piggyback name go PRO n PropN per.mkr- v LOC per.mkr- ADV v PropN v lokobel. lokobel place n Sorong's son went there and carried Laru going to the village. T3.6.Laru 014 Kan kuala Laru asuk tunga buka di ta adi Laru. kan kuala Laru a- suk tunga buka di ta adi Laru 3S.POSS old.woman name S.MKR- INTENS be.surprised very.much 3P REL.CL get name PRO n PropN per.mkr- ADV vi adv PRO ASP v PropN Laru's wife was really very surprised that they brought Laru. T3.6.Laru 015 Atapas asuk teng ngali kan makis. a- tapas a- suk teng ngali kan makiis S.MKR- start S.MKR- INTENS cry REAS 3S.POSS husband per.mkr- v per.mkr- ADV vi PREP PRO n She got up and just cried for her husband. T3.6.Laru 016 Di suk giwa laa lan anua metmet. di suk giwa la lan anua dup- met 3P INTENS bring go in house NOMR- die PRO ADV v v PREP n ASP- v They just brought (him) going to the hospital. T3.6.Laru 017 Laru awe ala paresa' lauteng? Laru a- we a- la pare - sa' lauteng name S.MKR- say S.MKR- go talk.do - what bush PropN per.mkr- v per.mkr- v v - PRO n Laru wanted to go do what in the bush? T3.6.Laru 018 Ita Sorong aturungi kan achina? ita Sorong aturung -i kan achina where name put -TR 3S.POSS trap PRO PropN v -TR PRO n

145

Where did Sorong put his trap? T3.6.Laru 019 Sa tikli Laru pan achina? sa tik li Laru pan achina who cut.lashings throw.out name on trap PRO v v PropN PREP n Who released Laru from the trap? 21/Dec/2000

T4.1.Bonga T4.1.Bonga 001 Bonga atut taman kan chibe. Bonga atut taman kan chibe name sail.out INST 3S.POSS boat PropN v PREP PRO n Bonga prepared his canoe and went on a fishing expedition. T4.1.Bonga 002 Lan baranet, Bonga adi poko girgir, ma chaaparen lan lalaman. lan baranet Bonga adi poko girgir ma chaaparen lan lan laman in flotsam name get bundle rattle and shake.rattle in in ocean PREP n PropN v n n CNJ v PREP PREP n In an area of flotsam, Bonga got his rattle and shook it in the water. T4.1.Bonga 003 Bonga araen karebeo mi marewa. Bonga araen karebeo mi marewa name put.in.water float.and.rope.for.sharking ACCOM bait PropN v n PREP n Bonga put the shark trap and bait in the water. T4.1.Bonga 005 Bae asobet, Bonga alaami la lalan karebeo taman bae a- sobet Bonga a- lami' la dupCV- lan karebeo taman shark S.MKR- come.to.surface name S.MKR- lure go INTS- in shark.trap INST n per.mkr- v PropN per.mkr- v v ASP- PREP n PREP marewa. marewa bait n The shark surfaced and Bonga lured it into the trap with the bait. T4.1.Bonga 006 Bonga ga achina bae taman karebeo. Bonga ga achina bae taman karebeo name then trap shark INST shark.trap PropN TIME n n PREP n Then Bonga trapped the shark with the shark trap. T4.1.Bonga 007 Mil ga sas amantei. mil ga sas amantei later then fight kill adv TIME v v Then afterwards he beat it to death. T4.1.Bonga 008 Aturungi lan chibe ga alusa la kuen. aturung -i lan chibe ga alusa la kuen put -TR in boat then paddle go beach v -TR PREP n TIME v v n (He) put (it) in the canoe and then paddled going to the beach. T4.1.Bonga 009 Bonga alet achulngi bae papan chibe ga aturungi Bonga alet a- chul -ngi bae dupCV- pan chibe ga aturung -i name lift.carry CAUS- go.down -TR shark INTS- on boat then put -TR PropN v pfx- v -TR n ASP- PREP n TIME v -TR papan kenken. dupCV- pan kenken

146

INTS- on sand.rice ASP- PREP n Bonga lifted the shark down out of the canoe and put it onto the sand. T4.1.Bonga 010 Atai kan chibe kali lapala. a- ta -i kan chibe kaale lapala S.MKR- pull -TR 3S.POSS boat go.east.up up per.mkr- v -TR PRO n v n He pulled his canoe up (onto the beach). T4.1.Bonga 011 Bonga adi kan pu tetel ga kirawaa bae. Bonga adi kan pu tetel ga kirawaa bae name get 3S.POSS piece knife then cut.stomach.open shark PropN v PRO n n TIME v n Bonga got his small knife and cut open the shark. T4.1.Bonga 012 Iwa bae asuk pines arara ma ga we. yia -wa bae a- suk pines arara ma ga we 3S -DEF shark S.MKR- INTENS meat completely and then fat PRO -ART n per.mkr- ADV n ADV CNJ TIME n This shark was really full of meat and fat. T4.1.Bonga 013 No chi dokdok di sol kalame ngali le lasi aia bae Bonga ta no chi dokdok di sol kalame ngali le lasi aia bae Bonga ta PL child small 3P run come REAS come see that.one shark name REL.CL PL n ADJ PRO vi v PREP v vt DEM n PropN ASP kirawaa. kirawaa cut.stomach.open v The little children ran coming to come and see this shark that Bonga had gutted. T4.1.Bonga 014 Bonga atage adokdoki aia bae arara, o ga tulen no Bonga a- tage a- dokdok -i aia bae arara o ga tulen no name S.MKR- cut.up CAUS- small -TR that.one shark completely and then send PL PropN per.mkr- v pfx- ADJ -TR DEM n ADV CNJ TIME v PL chi dokdok ngali adi kadi ka kolot la tatan di. chi dokdok ngali adi kadi ka kolot la tata -n di child small REAS get POSS- 3P INDEF place go home -3S.IPM 3P n ADJ PREP v pfx- PRO ART n v ipn -sfx PRO Bonga cut up that shark into little pieces and then sent the little children to get a part for themselves and go home. T4.1.Bonga 015 No chi dokdok di adi kadi no pu kolot, di ga la tali sin no chi dokdok di adi kadi no pu kolot di ga la tal -i si -n PL child small 3P get POSS- 3P PL piece place 3P then go give -TR DAT -3S.IPM PL n ADJ PRO v pfx- PRO PL n n PRO TIME v v -TR ipn -sfx kadi no mama ngali akui. kadi no mama ngali aku -i POSS- 3P PL mother REAS cook -TR pfx- PRO PL n PREP v -TR The little children got their pieces and then they went and gave it to their mothers to cook. T4.1.Bonga 016 Kadi no mama di tatai ika, di ga se angen, kadi no mama di DupCV- ta -i ika di ga se angen POSS- 3P PL mother 3P INTS- remove.fr.mumu -TR roasting_pit 3P then PERF eat pfx- PRO PL n PRO ASP- v -TR n PRO TIME ASP v di ga suk puchangi akau sin Bonga. di ga suk puchengi akau si -n Bonga 3P then INTENS call good DAT -3S.IPM name PRO TIME ADV vt ADJ ipn -sfx PropN Their mothers took it from the mumu and they ate and they really thanked Bonga. T4.1.Bonga 017

147

Sa atut taman kan chibe? sa atut taman kan chibe who sail.out INST 3S.POSS boat PRO v PREP PRO n Who went out in his canoe? T4.1.Bonga 018 Bonga achaaparen sa'? Bonga a- chaaparen sa' name S.MKR- shake.rattle what PropN per.mkr- v PRO What did Bonga shake? T4.1.Bonga 019 Bonga achina bae taman sa'? Bonga achina bae taman sa' name trap shark INST what PropN n n PREP PRO What did Bonga trap the shark with? 21/Dec/2000

T4.2.Padawasi T4.2.Padawasi 001 No Chi Di Limlimi Paadawaasi. no chi di limlim -i Paadawaasi PL boy 3P watch -TR singsing.type PL n PRO v -TR PropN The people went to watch Paadawaasi. T4.2.Padawasi 002 No chi in Amba di la sin lukal Lossu. no chi ina Amba di la si -n lukal Lesu PL child GEN Amba 3P go DAT -3S.IPM food Lossu PL n PREP PropN PRO v ipn -sfx n PropN The people from Amba went to a feast at Lossu. T4.2.Padawasi 003 Di eses la di suk enngi niu lan sel. di dup- es la di suk en -ngi niu lan sel 3P CONT- walk go 3P INTENS climb -TR coconut in road PRO ASP- vi v PRO ADV vi -TR n PREP n They walked and they climbed a coconut on the way. T4.2.Padawasi 004 Awe aer nalnale mu, di se chap Lossu ngali a- we a- er dupCVC- nale mu di se chap Lesu ngali S.MKR- say S.MKR- just INTS- afternoon only 3P PERF arrive Lossu REAS per.mkr- v per.mkr- ASP ASP- n ADV PRO ASP v PropN PREP limlim. limlim watch v It was just about afternoon (when) they arrived at Lossu to watch. T4.2.Padawasi 005 No inaman Lossu di ga asaiti di, di we, "Nabing no inaman Kabil di ba no inaman Lesu di ga asait -i di di we nabing no inaman Kabil di ba PL people Lossu 3P then tell -TR 3P 3P say night PL people village 3P FUT PL n PropN PRO TIME vi -TR PRO PRO v n PL n PropN PRO TNS tili." tili dance v The people of Lossu told them, "Tonight the people from Kabil will dance." T4.2.Padawasi 006 Nabing no inaman Kabil di ga tili taman Paadawaasi. nabing no inaman Kabil di ga tili taman Paadawaasi night PL people village 3P then dance INST singsing.type n PL n PropN PRO TIME v PREP PropN

148

At night the people from Kabil danced the Paadawaasi singsing. T4.2.Padawasi 007 No daan chi in Amba ma Lossu di kap mager laklasi Paadawaasi. no daan chi ina Amba ma Lesu di akap mager dup- lasi Paadawaasi PL water boy GEN Amba and Lossu 3P NEG not.yet HAB- see singsing.type PL n n PREP PropN CNJ PropN PRO NEG adv ASP- vt PropN Many people from Amba and Lossu hadn't yet seen the Paadawaasi singsing. T4.2.Padawasi 008 Di suk tunga sin Paadawaasi ta se anan chap. di suk tunga si -n Paadawaasi ta se anan chap 3P INTENS be.surprised DAT -3S.IPM singsing.type REL.CL PERF sing arrive PRO ADV vi ipn -sfx PropN ASP ASP v v They were really surprised when the Paadawaasi singing started. T4.2.Padawasi 009 Di suk solsol la ngali la limlim. di suk dup- sol la ngali la limlim 3P INTENS CONT- run go REAS go watch PRO ADV ASP- vi v PREP v v They really were running going to go watch. T4.2.Padawasi 011 Di la til kuri Paadawaasi. di la til kuri Paadawaasi 3P go stand make.wall singsing.type PRO v v v PropN They went and stood making a wall around the Paadawaasi. T4.2.Padawasi 013 Di suk taton sin di ta limlimi Paadawaasi. di suk taton si -n di ta limlim -i Paadawaasi 3P INTENS happy DAT -3S.IPM 3P REL.CL watch -TR singsing.type PRO ADV ADJ ipn -sfx PRO ASP v -TR PropN They were very happy that they had watched the Paadawaasi. T4.2.Padawasi 014 Ase lawaring, no chi in Amba di suk eses mula la lokobel. a- se lawaring no chi ina Amba di suk dup- es mula la lokobel S.MKR- PERF morning PL boy GEN Amba 3P INTENS INTS- walk return go place per.mkr- ASP n PL n PREP PropN PRO ADV ASP- vi vi v n When it was morning, the people from Amba walked back going to the village. T4.2.Padawasi 015 Di la chap lokobel, di suk ilei ngali no chi dokdok. di la chap lokobel di suk ile -i ngali no chi dokdok 3P go arrive place 3P INTENS call -TR REAS PL child small PRO v v n PRO ADV v -TR PREP PL n ADJ They went arriving at the village and they immediately called for the little children. T4.2.Padawasi 016 No chi dokdok di chap ekumuli, di ga tili atolomi no tamat no chi dokdok di chap e- kumul -i di ga tili atolom -i no tamat PL child small 3P arrive recip- group -TR 3P then dance tell.story -TR PL man PL n ADJ PRO v vpfx- v -TR PRO TIME v v -TR PL n di ta kolmokos. di ta kolmokos 3P REL.CL observe? PRO ASP v The little children gathered together and they danced showing them what they had observed. T4.2.Padawasi 017 No inaman di la tia di suk la kalame ngali la lasi di. no inaman di la atia di suk la kalame ngali la lasi di PL people 3P go there 3P INTENS go come REAS go see 3P PL n PRO v LOC PRO ADV v v PREP v vt PRO The people went there and came to see them. T4.2.Padawasi 018 No inaman di la tia di suk nongen abia no chi dokdok di ta tili. no inaman di la atia di suk no ngen abia no chi dokdok di ta tili

149

PL people 3P go there 3P INTENS PL motion that PL child small 3P REL.CL dance PL n PRO v LOC PRO ADV PL ASP DEM PL n ADJ PRO ASP v The people went there and the just laughed at those litthe children who were dancing. T4.2.Padawasi 019 No chi di la limlimi sa'? no chi di la limlim -i sa' PL boy 3P go watch -TR what PL n PRO v v -TR PRO What did the people go and watch? T4.2.Padawasi 020 No chi in ita? no chi ina ita PL boy GEN where PL n PREP PRO The people from where? T4.2.Padawasi 021 Di ti la sin lukal ita? di ti la si -n lukal ita 3P PST go DAT -3S.IPM food where PRO TNS v ipn -sfx n PRO Where did they go for the feast? 21/Dec/2000

T4.3.Puraa T4.3.Puraa 001 Puraa Mi Kan No Katul. puraa mi kan no katul chicken ACCOM 3S.POSS PL egg n PREP PRO PL n The chicken and her eggs. T4.3.Puraa 002 Puraa atakali kan no katul ta paskuk paina puraa a- taka li kan no katul ta pas - kuk paina chicken S.MKR- work throw.out 3S.POSS PL egg REL.CL five.plus - one underneath n per.mkr- v v PRO PL n ASP NUM - NUM PREP yie ta tarup. yi ta tarup tree REL.CL uprooted n ASP ADJ A chicken lay her six eggs under an uprooted tree. T4.3.Puraa 003 Lawaring, puraa apade asuk la chimchim. lawaring puraa a- pade a- suk la chimchim morning chicken S.MKR- awake S.MKR- INTENS go pecking.for.food n n per.mkr- v per.mkr- ADV v v In the morning the chicken got up and went to peck for food. T4.3.Puraa 004 Nabing, muat akalame ma ga le pulake no ta lua. nabing muat a- kalame ma ga le pulake no ta lua night snake.sp S.MKR- come and then come steal PL REL.CL two n PropN per.mkr- v CNJ TIME v v PL ASP NUM At night a muat came and then came and stole two of them. T4.3.Puraa 005 Adi no katul, o ga la ngane' no lauteng. adi no katul o ga la ngane' no lauteng get PL egg and then go eat PL bush v PL n CNJ TIME v v PL n He got the eggs and then went to eat them in the bush. T4.3.Puraa 006 Balen muat amaket o ga se kap pupua ngali kamkam. bale -en muat a- maket o ga se akap pupua ngali kamkam stomach -trans snake.sp S.MKR- heavy and then PERF NEG able REAS cuscus ipn -sfx PropN per.mkr- ADJ CNJ TIME ASP NEG v PREP PropN

150

Muat's stomach was heavy and he couldn't crawl. T4.3.Puraa 007 Lawaring, puraa awe ase bula la taa katul o ga se lasi lawaring puraa a- we a- se bula la taa katul o ga se lasi morning chicken S.MKR- say S.MKR- PERF again go hold egg and then PERF see n n per.mkr- v per.mkr- ASP ADV v v n CNJ TIME ASP vt no katul ta lua ta kap manman. no katul ta lua ta akap dup- man PL egg REL.CL two REL.CL NEG CONT- stay PL n ASP NUM ASP NEG ASP- v In the morning the chicken again went to sit on the eggs and then saw that two were missing. T4.3.Puraa 008 Puraa asuk la til bong sangan kan no katul. puraa a- suk la til bong sanga -n kan no katul chicken S.MKR- INTENS go stand be.quiet close.to -3S.IPM 3S.POSS PL egg n per.mkr- ADV v v v ipn -sfx PRO PL n The chicken just went and stood silently near her eggs. T4.3.Puraa 009 Puraa ala ma ga la achura no turen ngali natawe di lasi puraa a- la ma ga la achura no tura -n ngali natawe di lasi chicken S.MKR- go and then go ask PL friend -3S.IPM REAS if 3P see n per.mkr- v CNJ TIME v v PL ipn -sfx PREP COND PRO vt ka ta le adi no katul. ka ta le adi no katul INDEF REL.CL come get PL egg ART ASP v v PL n The chicken went and asked her friends about whether they saw someone come and take the eggs. T4.3.Puraa 010 Atapas o ga taka sin es nenen paina no yi. a- tapas o ga taka si -n e- es dupCV- nen paina no yi S.MKR- start and then work DAT -3S.IPM recip- walk CONT- look underneath PL tree per.mkr- v CNJ TIME v ipn -sfx vpfx- vi ASP- v PREP PL n She got up and walked looking under the trees. T4.3.Puraa 011 Awe anenen la o ga suk lasi muat ta se a- we a- dupCV- nen la o ga suk lasi muat ta se S.MKR- say S.MKR- CONT- look go and then INTENS see snake.sp REL.CL PERF per.mkr- v per.mkr- ASP- v v CNJ TIME ADV vt PropN ASP ASP matmatul paina yi balen ta se pidang. dupCVC- matul paina yi bale -en ta se pidang CONT- sleep underneath tree stomach -trans REL.CL PERF round ASP- v PREP n ipn -sfx ASP ASP ADJ She looking going and then saw the muat sleeping under a tree with it's belly round. T4.3.Puraa 012 Muat alangen kan kuan lapala o ga suk lasi muat a- la ngen kan kua -n lapala o ga suk lasi snake.sp S.MKR- go motion 3S.POSS head -3S.IPM up and then INTENS see PropN per.mkr- v ASP PRO ipn -sfx n CNJ TIME ADV vt puraa ta taka sin eses kalame sangan puraa puraa ta taka si -n dup- es kalame sanga -n puraa chicken REL.CL work DAT -3S.IPM CONT- walk come close.to -3S.IPM chicken n ASP v ipn -sfx ASP- vi v ipn -sfx n akalili muat, o muat asuk sol la lauteng. a- kalil -i muat o muat a- suk sol la lauteng S.MKR- chase -TR snake.sp and snake.sp S.MKR- INTENS run go bush per.mkr- v -TR PropN CNJ PropN per.mkr- ADV vi v n The muat put it's head up adn saw the chicken coming walking near it, the chicken chased the muat and the muat just ran into the bush. T4.3.Puraa 013 Muat awe amula ngali pulake katul, asuk muat a- we a- mula ngali pulake katul a- suk snake.sp S.MKR- say S.MKR- return REAS steal egg S.MKR- INTENS

151

PropN per.mkr- v per.mkr- vi PREP v n per.mkr- ADV tunga sin puraa ta se lasi. tunga si -n puraa ta se lasi be.surprised DAT -3S.IPM chicken REL.CL PERF see vi ipn -sfx n ASP ASP vt The muat wanted to return to steal eggs, was surprised that the chicken saw him. T4.3.Puraa 014 Awe asol la lauteng, atunga sin puraa a- we a- sol la lauteng a- tunga si -n puraa S.MKR- say S.MKR- run go bush S.MKR- be.surprised DAT -3S.IPM chicken per.mkr- v per.mkr- vi v n per.mkr- vi ipn -sfx n tabaki kan kuan. tabaki kan kua -n cross 3S.POSS head -3S.IPM v PRO ipn -sfx He wanted to run into the bush, surprised that the chicken break his head (?). T4.3.Puraa 015 Sin biase no leng, puraa ase kap bula porokli kan si -n bia - se no leng puraa a- se akap bula porokli kan DAT -3S.IPM that - PERF PL day chicken S.MKR- PERF NEG again leave 3S.POSS ipn -sfx DEM - ASP PL n n per.mkr- ASP NEG ADV v PRO no katul. no katul PL egg PL n Every day, the chicken didn't again leave her eggs. T4.3.Puraa 016 Aisa no katul? aisa no katul how.many PL egg Q PL n How many eggs? T4.3.Puraa 017 Ita puraa ataa katul? ita puraa a- taa katul where chicken S.MKR- hold egg PRO n per.mkr- v n Where did the chicken lay eggs? 21/Dec/2000

T4.4.Leto T4.4.Leto 001 Leto Atale No Nit. Leto a- tale no nit name S.MKR- cut PL mask PropN per.mkr- v PL n Leto carves masks. T4.4.Leto 002 Leto atale no nit ta tul ngali sune sin no manmanel. Leto a- tale no nit ta tul ngali sune si -n no dupCVC- manel name S.MKR- cut PL mask REL.CL three REAS sell DAT -3S.IPM PL NOMR- ripe PropN per.mkr- v PL n ASP NUM PREP v ipn -sfx PL ASP- v Leto carved three masks to sell to white people. T4.4.Leto 003 Atale ararai no ma ga aturungi no lan kan anuen a- tale arara -i no ma ga aturung -i no lan kan anua ina S.MKR- cut completely -TR PL and then put -TR PL in 3S.POSS house GEN per.mkr- v ADV -TR PL CNJ TIME v -TR PL PREP PRO n PREP kulau lilisi no manmanel. kulau dupCV- lis -i no dupCVC- manel young.man CONT- wait -TR PL NOMR- ripe n ASP- v -TR PL ASP- v He finished carving them and then put them in his men's house waiting for the white people.

152

T4.4.Leto 004 Sin leng Leto ta laa lan kan uma, Lobo ala pulake nit si -n leng Leto ta la lan kan uma Lobo a- la pulake nit DAT -3Sday name REL.CL go in 3S.POSS garden name S.MKR- go steal mask ipn -sfn PropNASP v PREP PRO n PropN per.mkr- v v n ta kuk. ta kuk REL.CL one ASP NUM On a day when Leto went to his garden, Lobo went and stole one mask. T4.4.Leto 005 No manmanel di chap ngali uli no nit sin Leto. no dupCVC- manel di chap ngali uli no nit si -n Leto PL NOMR- ripe 3P arrive REAS buy PL mask DAT -3S.IPM name PL ASP- v PRO v PREP v PL n ipn -sfx PropN The white people arrived to buy the masks from Leto. T4.4.Leto 006 Leto achiga ngali adi no nit, asi biaka nit ta kuk... Leto a- chiga ngali adi no nit asi bia ka nit ta kuk name S.MKR- enter REAS get PL mask notice.missing that INDEF mask REL.CL one PropN per.mkr- v PREP v PL n v DEM ART n ASP NUM Leto went in to get the masks and noticed that one was missing. T4.4.Leto 007 ...amuina Lobo ase pulake. amuina Lobo a- se pulake because name S.MKR- PERF steal COND PropN per.mkr- ASP vt ...because Lobo had stolen (it). T4.4.Leto 008 O Leto ga suk sune mu taman no nit ta lua. o Leto ga suk sune mu taman no nit ta lua and name then INTENS sell only INST PL mask REL.CL two CNJ PropN TIME ADV v ADV PREP PL n ASP NUM And so Leto just sold the two masks. T4.4.Leto 009 Manmanel ase mula sin uli nit. dupCVC- manel a- se mula si -n uli nit NOMR- ripe S.MKR- PERF return DAT -3S.IPM buy mask ASP- v per.mkr- ASP vi ipn -sfx v n A white man came back to buy a carved mask. T4.4.Leto 010 Leto atapas ga la lalan kan anua ila Lobo. Leto a- tapas ga la dupCV- lan kan anua ila Lobo name S.MKR- start then go INTS- in 3S.POSS house this.anim name PropN per.mkr- v TIME v ASP- PREP PRO n PRO PropN Leto got up and went into Lobo's house. T4.4.Leto 011 Bia Lobo ta lasi asuk sol kukui la paina no karaangin tala bia Lobo ta lasi a- suk sol kukui la paina no karaangin tala when name REL.CL see S.MKR- INTENS run hide go underneath PL shrub.sp here REL PropN ASP vt per.mkr- ADV vi v v PREP PL PropN LOC kaatalaa ina kan anua. ka- tala ina kan anua POSS- here GEN 3S.POSS house pfx- LOC PREP PRO n When Lobo saw he just ran and hid going under the karaagin bushes there on the other side of his house. T4.4.Leto 012 Leto ala asuk ebut mi kan mama ila Lobo. Leto a- la a- suk e- but mi kan mama ila Lobo name S.MKR- go S.MKR- INTENS recip- argue ACCOM 3S.POSS mother this.anim name PropN per.mkr- v per.mkr- ADV vpfx- v PREP PRO n PRO PropN Leto went and really argued with Lobo's mother.

153

T4.4.Leto 013 Leto awe na le chapi Lobo nabing. Leto a- we ina le chapi Lobo nabing name S.MKR- say GEN come hit name night PropN per.mkr- v PREP v v PropN n Leto wanted to come and kill Lobo at night. T4.4.Leto 014 Lobo amula, kan mama asuk magaaen. Lobo a- mula kan mama a- suk magaa -en name S.MKR- return 3S.POSS mother S.MKR- INTENS angry -trans PropN per.mkr- vi PRO n per.mkr- ADV ADJ -sfx Lobo went back and his mother really hollered at him. T4.4.Leto 015 Mil, ga asaiti Lobo taman kan papare Leto. mil ga asait -i Lobo taman kan dupCV- pare Leto later then tell -TR name INST 3S.POSS NOMR- talk.do name adv TIME vi -TR PropN PREP PRO ASP- v PropN Later she told Lobo about Leto's talk. T4.4.Leto 016 Lobo alongmen asuk la pate lauteng pupua sin no Lobo a- long -en a- suk la pate lauteng pupua si -n no name S.MKR- hear -trans S.MKR- INTENS go stuck bush able DAT -3S.IPM PL PropN per.mkr- v -sfx per.mkr- ADV v v n v ipn -sfx PL meet ta lima. meet ta lima year REL.CL five n ASP NUM Lobo heard and just went and stayed in the bush for 5 years. T4.4.Leto 017 Sa tale no nit ta tul? sa tale no nit ta tul who cut PL mask REL.CL three PRO v PL n ASP NUM Who carved three masks? T4.4.Leto 018 Sa pulake yiaka nit ta kuk? sa pulake yia ka nit ta kuk who steal 3S INDEF mask REL.CL one PRO vt PRO ART n ASP NUM Who stole one of the masks? 21/Dec/2000

T4.5.Maal T4.5.Maal 001 Maal Ma Langit. maal ma langit wind and rain n CNJ n Wind and Rain. T4.5.Maal 002 Masidor ma kan yaya delu la Langenia. Masidor ma kan yaya delu la Langenia name and 3S.POSS grandparent 3D go Langania PropN CNJ PRO n PRO v n Masidor and his grandson went to Langenia T4.5.Maal 003 Lan sel maal ma langit asuk watwat, o delu ga suk kap lan sel maal ma langit a- suk dup- wat o delu ga suk akap in road wind and rain S.MKR- INTENS NOMR- strong and 3D then INTENS NEG PREP n n CNJ n per.mkr- ADV ASP- ADJ CNJ PRO TIME ADV NEG mun pupua ngali nenen akau. mun pupua ngali dupCV- nen akau no.longer able REAS CONT- look good

154

ASP v PREP ASP- v ADJ On the road, the wind and the rain were very strong and the two were no longer able to see good. T4.5.Maal 004 Maal amaaleli pager ina niu pan Masidor. maal a- maale li pager ina niu pan Masidor wind S.MKR- wind.blow throw.out frond GEN coconut on name n per.mkr- v v n PREP n PREP PropN The wind blew down a coconut frond on Masidor. T4.5.Maal 005 Masidor akol lapula ma ga lo matmatul pupua maal ta Masidor a- kol lapula ma ga lo dupCVC- matul pupua maal ta name S.MKR- fall down and then progressive CONT- sleep able wind REL.CL PropN per.mkr- vi PREP CNJ TIME ASP ASP- v v n ASP kap. akap NEG NEG Masidor fell down and continued to lay there until the wind stopped. T4.5.Maal 006 Masidor ma kan yaya delu tapas o delu ga suk mula la lokobel. Masidor ma kan yaya delu tapas o delu ga suk mula la lokobel name and 3S.POSS grandparent 3D start and 3D then INTENS return go place PropN CNJ PRO n PRO v CNJ PRO TIME ADV vi v n Masidor and his grandson got up and they just returned to the village. T4.5.Maal 007 Delu we delu es la, no maten Masidor asuk galgalil. delu we delu es la no maten Masidor a- suk dupCVC- galil 3D say 3D walk go PL front name S.MKR- INTENS CONT- around PRO v PRO vi v PL n PropN per.mkr- ADV ASP- v As they were walking Masidor was very dizzy. T4.5.Maal 008 Kan no chi Masidor di tunga sin delu ta se la es kan no chi Masidor di tunga si -n delu ta se la es 3S.POSS PL child name 3P be.surprised DAT -3S.IPM 3D REL.CL PERF go walk PRO PL n PropN PRO vi ipn -sfx PRO ASP ASP v vi chap. chap arrive v Masidor's children were surprised at their arrival. T4.5.Maal 009 Di gi langen kuen ma ga la sisil. di giwa la ngen kuen ma ga la dupCV- sil 3P bring go motion beach and then go CONT- wash PRO v v ASP n CNJ TIME v ASP- v They took him to the beach and he went and washed. T4.5.Maal 010 Awe atapas lan daan, asuk met kirkires. a- we a- tapas lan daan a- suk met kirkires S.MKR- say S.MKR- start in water S.MKR- INTENS die faintingly per.mkr- v per.mkr- v PREP n per.mkr- ADV v ADV When he got in the water he fainted. T4.5.Maal 011 Di alet kalengen nanua, ase bula la pade papan ibe. di alet kale ngen lan anua a- se bula la pade dupCV- pan ibe 3P lift.carry sit motion in house S.MKR- PERF again go awake INTS- on bed PRO v v ASP PREP n per.mkr- ASP ADV v v ASP- PREP n They carried him back to the house and he woke up again on the bed. T4.5.Maal 012 Apade asuk ngong apanai di. a- pade a- suk ngong apanai di S.MKR- awake S.MKR- INTENS mute trick 3P

155

per.mkr- v per.mkr- ADV ADJ v PRO He awoke and really fooled them by acting crazy. T4.5.Maal 013 Atapas asuk kalili no inaman. a- tapas a- suk kalil -i no inaman S.MKR- start S.MKR- INTENS chase -TR PL people per.mkr- v per.mkr- ADV v -TR PL n He got up and just chased the people. T4.5.Maal 014 Di la puchi di suk le panchi, asuk teng. di la puchi di suk le panchi a- suk teng 3P go turn 3P INTENS come hit S.MKR- INTENS cry PRO v vt PRO ADV v v per.mkr- ADV vi They went and turned and they really came and hit him and he cried. T4.5.Maal 015 Di pan ararai, di ga se bula titi. di pan arara -i di ga se bula titi 3P strike completely -TR 3P then PERF again mercy PRO v ADV -TR PRO TIME ASP ADV n They finished slapping him and then they were sorry for him again. T4.5.Maal 016 Maal ma langit aparesa' lan sel? maal ma langit a- pare - sa' lan sel wind and rain S.MKR- talk.do - what in road n CNJ n per.mkr- v - PRO PREP n The wind and the rain did what in the road? T4.5.Maal 017 Sen mara akol pan Masidor? sen mara a- kol pan Masidor what thing S.MKR- fall on name PRO n per.mkr- vi PREP PropN What fell on Masidor? 21/Dec/2000

z1kuba.haus.pastor z1kuba.haus.pastor 001 Saapuaa gim ta tigen abia totore, balawa papare kalti, kalti, Saapuaa gim ta tigen abia dupCV- tore bala -wa dupCV- pare kalti kalti how.long 2P REL.CL hammer that NOMR- talk this -DEF NOMR- talk.do ? ? Q PRO ASP v DEM ASP- v DEM -ART ASP- v v v kalti gita' papare taman. Saapuaa? Nawe ka eses ina no tamat kalti gita' dupCV- pare taman Saapuaa nawe ka dup- es ina no tamat ? 1P.INC HAB- talk.do INST how.long suppose INDEF NOMR- walk GEN PL man v PRO ASP- v PREP Q COND ART ASP- vi PREP PL n loot ina lotu di ba kalame. loot ina lotu di ba kalame big GEN church 3P FUT come ADJ PREP n PRO TNS v How long will you hammer this talk, this talk you keep talking about? How long? What if some leaders of the church should come? z1kuba.haus.pastor 002 Di ba le tatangina sa' marang kaawe tadi nanua. di ba le tatanginei sa' marang kaawe tadi lan anua 3P FUT come find.at.place what something ? loc.east.up in house PRO TNS v v PRO n *** LOC PREP n What will they come and find there in the house? z1kuba.haus.pastor 004 Balawa gulu nangam malum sin abala mara. bala -wa gulu nangam malum si -n a- bala mara this -DEF 2D PROHIB tired DAT -3S.IPM ADJR- this thing DEM -ART PRO ASP v ipn -sfx pfx- DEM n You musn't get slack about this thing. z1kuba.haus.pastor 005

156

Balawa anua ngali chap eswe sin no lalamua bala -wa anua ngali chap eswe si -n no dupCV- lamua this -DEF house REAS arrive together DAT -3S.IPM PL NOMR- before DEM -ART n PREP v ADV ipn -sfx PL ASP- n amada. a- mada ADJR- here.near.dist pfx- DEM This house is for meeting for the leaders right there. z1kuba.haus.pastor 006 Bia gulu na suk kubachi ka leng ngali gita' ba suk chap eswe bia gulu na suk kubachi ka leng ngali gita' ba suk chap eswe that 2D IMPV INTENS designate? INDEF day REAS 1P.INC FUT INTENS arrive together DEM PRO ASP ADV v ART n PREP PRO TNS ADV v ADV taman abia no mat marang se arara malen lan abala no group ta tul. taman abia no mat marang se arara malen lan a- bala no *** ta tul INST that PL kind something PERF every like in ADJR- this PL *** REL.CL three PREP DEM PL n n ASP ADJ ADJ PREP pfx- DEM PL *** ASP NUM That, you two must (!) designate a day for us(incl) to meet together about all those things, like, in these three work groups. z1kuba.haus.pastor 008 Gita' se akilangi sa' marang kaawe group 1 na ba adi, sa' marang gita' se akila -ngi sa' marang kaawe *** 1 na ba adi sa' marang 1P.INC PERF mark -TR what something ? *** 1 S.MKR- FUT get what something PRO ASP v -TR PRO n *** *** 1 per.mkr TNS v PRO n kaawe group 2, sa' marang kaawe group 3. kaawe *** 2 sa' marang kaawe *** 3 ? *** 2 what something ? *** 3 *** *** 2 PRO n *** *** 3 They have marked what things group 1 will take care of, what things group 2, what things group 3. z1kuba.haus.pastor 009 Ya palo ngali gulu na pare we amutia. ya palo ngali gulu na pare we a- mu - atia 1S dislike REAS 2D ? talk.do say ADJR- only - there PRO vi PREP PRO ASP v v pfx- ADV - LOC I dislike that you just talk like this! z1kuba.haus.pastor 010 Gulu suk puchangi la sin no group. gulu suk puchengi la si -n no *** 2D INTENS call go DAT -3S.IPM PL *** PRO ADV vt v ipn -sfx PL *** You just call out to the groups... z1kuba.haus.pastor 011 Ngali ge ba adi sagar witi sen mara group 1, group 2 di ba ngali geem ba adi sagar wit -i sen mara *** 1 *** 2 di ba REAS 1P.EX FUT get quickly to.have.enough -TR what thing *** 1 *** 2 3P FUT PREP PRO TNS v ADV v -TR PRO n *** 1 *** 2 PRO TNS adi sa', group 3 di ba adi sa'. adi sa' *** 3 di ba adi sa' get what *** 3 3P FUT get what v PRO *** 3 PRO TNS v PRO ...so that we will get well what things for group 1, group will get what, group 3 will get what. z1kuba.haus.pastor 012 Ya san ngali gita' suk... na ga suk achochopi abalawa. ya saan ngali gita' suk na ga suk achochopi a- bala -wa 1S like REAS 1P.INC INTENS ? then INTENS arrange.? ADJR- this -DEF PRO v PREP PRO ADV ASP TIME ADV v pfx- DEM -ART I want us to really arrange this. z1kuba.haus.pastor 013 na ga kap la ngalngal mu sin. Nawe gita' ba ngalngal na ga akap la ngalngal mu si -n nawe gita' ba ngalngal IMPV then NEG go incomplete only DAT -3S.IPM suppose 1P.INC FUT incomplete ASP TIME NEG v ADJ ADV ipn -sfx COND PRO TNS ADJ

157

sin Nawe ka lalamua ina lotu aeses sin si -n nawe ka dupCV- lamua ina lotu a- dup- es si -n DAT -3S.IPM suppose INDEF NOMR- before GEN church S.MKR- CONT- walk DAT -3S.IPM ipn -sfx COND ART ASP- n PREPn per.mkr- ASP- vi ipn -sfx abalawa no leng. a- bala -wa no leng ADJR- this -DEF PL day pfx- DEM -ART PL n Don't go do just a half-way job for (this). If we(incl) should do just a half-way job with this... if one of the church leaders should come during these days.... z1kuba.haus.pastor 014 U ba sen we na? yu ba sen we ina 2S FUT what say GEN PRO TNS PRO v PREP ...how will it be with you? z1kuba.haus.pastor 015 Na ba le urungi pan sa'? na ba le urungi pan sa' S.MKR- FUT come sleep on what per.mkr TNS v vi PREP PRO What will he come and sleep on? z1kuba.haus.pastor 016 Ya palo ngali gulu na malum taman abiawa. ya palo ngali gulu na malum taman abia -wa 1S dislike REAS 2D ? tired INST that -DEF PRO vi PREP PRO ASP v PREP DEM -ART I don't like that you should be tired about this thing. z1kuba.haus.pastor 017 Gulu na ati balawa anua gulu ta papare tada nan abia gulu na ati bala -wa anua gulu ta dupCV- pare tada lan abia 2D IMPV know this -DEF house 2D REL.CL CONT- talk.do here.near.dist in that PRO ASP v DEM -ART n PRO ASP ASP- v LOC PREP DEM anua asuk kap kaa was. anua a- suk akap kaa was house S.MKR- INTENS NEG some thing n per.mkr- ADV NEG DEM n You must know this this house that you are talking about, there inside that house is absolutely nothing! z1kuba.haus.pastor 018 Gulu na suk watwat sin abiawa totore nawe gulu gulu na suk dup- wat si -n abia -wa dupCV- tore nawe gulu 2D IMPV INTENS INTS- strong DAT -3S.IPM that -DEF NOMR- talk suppose 2D PRO ASP ADV ASP- ADJ ipn -sfx DEM -ART ASP- v COND PRO akilangi ka leng amutala ngali gita' ba ben chocho ngali gita' akila -ngi ka leng a- mu - tala ngali gita ba ben chocho ngali gita mark -TR INDEF day ADJR- only - here REAS 1D.INC FUT first sit REAS 1D.INC v -TR ART n pfx- ADV - LOC PREP PRO TNS ASP v PREP PRO ba ekasen abia no mat mara. ba ekasen abia no mat mara FUT divide that PL kind thing TNS v DEM PL n n You must be really strong about that talk, if you mark a day just here for us to first sit down so that we will divide those things... z1kuba.haus.pastor 019 ngali na ba la sin abia mara, no kalkale ta tul, no ngali na ba la si -n abia mara no dupCVC- kale ta tul no REAS S.MKR- FUT go DAT -3S.IPM that thing PL NOMR- sit REL.CL three PL PREP per.mkr TNS v ipn -sfx DEM n PL ASP- v ASP NUM PL pispis chul ta tul. dup- pichi chul ta tul HAB- tie.up go.down REL.CL three ASP- v v ASP NUM

158

...so that it will go to those three "groups". z1kuba.haus.pastor 020 Gulu nangam pare lili mu bia gulu ba lo pare gulu nangam pare dup- li mu bia gululu ba lo pare 2D PROHIB talk.do HAB- throw.out only when 2D.OBJ FUT progressive talk.do PRO ASP v ASP- v ADV REL PRO TNS ASP v lili we amutala sin no lain... dup- li we a- mu - tala si -n no lain HAB- throw.out say ADJR- only - here DAT -3S.IPM PL line ASP- v v pfx- ADV - LOC ipn -sfx PL n Don't you just throw out this this talk, when you will keep throwing out this talk at the "morning line meeting"... z1kuba.haus.pastor 021 ....ma gulu ba lo pare lili, pare lili, o ma gulu ba lo pare dup- li pare dup- li o and 2D FUT progressive talk.do HAB- throw.out talk.do HAB- throw.out and CNJ PRO TNS ASP v ASP- v v ASP- v CNJ nawe ka eses akalame na ba sen parawe? Sa na ba nawe ka dup- es a- kalame na ba sen parawe sa na ba suppose INDEF NOMR- walk S.MKR- come S.MKR- FUT what like who S.MKR- FUT COND ART ASP- vi per.mkr- v per.mkr TNS PRO ADJ PRO per.mkr TNS silin kan no mara kali tadi. silin kan no mara kaale tadi take.away? 3S.POSS PL thing go.east.up loc.east.up v PRO PL n v LOC ... and you will just keep on throwing out talk... just throwing out talk... and if a traveller comes what will happen? Who will carry his things over there? z1kuba.haus.pastor 022 Ya palo ngali gulu na pare li gulu na akilangi kaa leng ngali ya palo ngali gulu na pare li gulu na akila -ngi kaa leng ngali 1S dislike REAS 2D ? talk.do throw.out 2D IMPV mark -TR some day REAS PRO vi PREP PRO ASP v v PRO ASP v -TR DEM n PREP gita' ba papare ngali gita' ba ekasen bia no marang ngali gita ba dupCV- pare ngali gita' ba ekasen bia no marang ngali 1D.INC FUT CONT- talk.do REAS 1P.INC FUT divide that PL something REAS PRO TNS ASP- v PREP PRO TNS v DEM PL n PREP ururungi ma ngali angangen ma sa' marang kaawe bia. dupCV- urungi ma ngali dupCVC- angen ma sa' marang kaawe bia HAB- sleep and REAS HAB- eat and what something ? that ASP- vi CNJ PREP ASP- v CNJ PRO n *** DEM I don't like that you keep throwing out talk. You must mark a day so that we will talk, we will divide those things for sleeping and for eating and whatever else there is.... z1kuba.haus.pastor 023 ...bia ngali ngati di. Gi nangam adodo ngali abia kadi no bia. bia ngali ngati di gim nangam adodo ngali abia kadi no bia that REAS wrap.in.leaves 3P 2P PROHIB think REAS that POSS- 3P PL beer DEM PREP v PRO PRO ASP v PREP DEM pfx- PROPL n ...that to cover them (bed sheets?). Don't you think about their "beer" (?). z1kuba.haus.pastor 024 Na ga chalei mu kaa mara malen mattress mu o sa' marang kaawe. na ga chale -i mu kaa mara malen *** o sa' marang kaawe ? then search -TR only some thing like *** and what something ? ASP TIME v -TR ADV DEM n ADJ *** CNJ PRO n *** Let's just find something like a mattress and whatever else. z1kuba.haus.pastor 025 Bia mu ya ta we ina asait taman abia. Gulu nangam pare li. Gulu bia mu ya ta we ina asait taman abia gulu nangam pare li gulu that only 1S REL.CL say GEN tell INST that 2D PROHIB talk.do throw.out 2D DEM ADV PRO ASP v PREP vi PREP DEM PRO ASP v v PRO nangam pati. Gita' kap ati no lalamua di ba ta eses. nangam pati gita' akap ati no dupCV- lamua di ba ta dup- es PROHIB party 1P.INC NEG knowPL NOMR- before 3P FUT REL.CL CONT- walk ASP n PRO NEG v PL ASP- n PRO TNS ASP ASP- vi

159

That is all I wanted to tell about that. Don't you throw out talk. Don't have a party. We don't know (when) the leaders will "come". z1kuba.haus.pastor 026 Di ba san ngali di ba urungi atada, di ba urungi pan sa'? di ba saan ngali di ba urungi a- tada di ba urungi pan sa' 3P FUT like REAS 3P FUT sleep ADJR- here.near.di3P FUT sleep on what PRO TNS v PREP PRO TNS vi pfx- LOC PRO TNS vi PREP PRO They will want to sleep there. What will they sleep on? z1kuba.haus.pastor 027 U ba la asi' kaa ber ngali la atadi lan yu ba la asi' kaa ber ngali la a- tadi lan 2S FUT go weave some woven.leaf.mat REAS go ADJR- loc.east.up in PRO TNS v v DEM n PREP v pfx- LOC PREP abadi anua? a- badi anua ADJR- there.near.disthouse pfx- DEM n Are you going to go weave some mats for sleeping to go there in that house? z1kuba.haus.pastor 028 Bia mu gulu na akilangi ka leng ngali gita' ba kale etudim bia mu gulu na akila -ngi ka leng ngali gita' ba kale e- tudim that only 2D IMPV mark -TR INDEF day REAS 1P.INC FUT sit recip- gather DEM ADV PRO ASP v -TR ART n PREP PRO TNS v vpfx- v nawe gulu san ngali sin sen leng kaawe ngali gita' ba ekasen no mat nawe gulu saan ngali si -n sen leng kaawe ngali gita' ba ekasen no mat suppose 2D like REAS DAT -3S.IPM what day ? REAS 1P.INC FUT divide PL kind COND PRO v PREP ipn -sfx PRO n *** PREP PRO TNS v PL n marang arara. marang arara something every n ADJ That is all... You must mark a day for us to have a meeting...whatever day... for us to divide all these things. z1kuba.haus.pastor 029 Ya palo ngali gulu na pare li. ya palo ngali gulu na pare li 1S dislike REAS 2D ? talk.do throw.out PRO vi PREP PRO ASP v v I don't like that you throw this talk. z1kuba.haus.pastor 030 Bia mu ase kap. bia mu a- se akap that only S.MKR- PERF NEG DEM ADV per.mkr- ASP NEG That is all, the end. 21/Dec/2000

z2jeri.pita.ta.nun z2jeri.pita.ta.nun 001 U we ya na asaiti yu taman ila Pita ta nun, nga? yu we ya na asait -i yu taman ila *** ta nun nga 2S say 1S IMPV tell -TRANS.MKR 2S TOPIC this_person *** REL.CL drink QUES PRO v PRO ASP vi -TR PRO PREP PRO *** ASP v Q You want me to tell you about when Pita drank, huh? z2jeri.pita.ta.nun 002 Akau. akau good ADJ Alright. z2jeri.pita.ta.nun 003 Sin leng alalet kukute ina no oil palm (biaa di ta sokaa no), sin leng dupCV- alet kukute ina no *** *** bia di ta sok no TEMP day HAB- lift.carry money GEN PL *** *** that 3P REL.CL plant PL

160

PREP n ASP- v n PREP PL *** *** DEM PRO ASP n PL Pita ga la adi kan kukute, *** ga la adi kan kukute *** then go get 3S_POSS money *** TIME v v PRO n On the day for getting money for the oil palm that they had planted, Pita went and got his money, z2jeri.pita.ta.nun 004 ga la mula, asuk nun taman kukute. ga la mula a- suk nun taman kukute then go return S.MKR- INTENS drink INST money TIME v vi per_mkr- ADV v PREP n ...then went back and just drank with the money. z2jeri.pita.ta.nun 005 O amat male anun sin leng taka lima, la, ala o a- mat malen a- nun sin leng taka lima la a- la and S.MKR- appearance like S.MKR- drink TEMP day work five go S.MKR- go CNJ per_mkr- n ADJ per_mkr- v PREP n v NUM v per.mkr- v bing, ase bula leng sin leng takaturung. bing a- se bula leng sin leng takaturung night S.MKR- PERF again day TEMP day ready n per_mkr- ASP ADV n PREP n v I think he drank from Friday going into the night and to day again on Saturday. z2jeri.pita.ta.nun 006 Ga kap la chap nanua. ga akap la chap lan anua then NEG go arrive in house TIME NEG v v PREP n Then he didn't go home. z2jeri.pita.ta.nun 007 Kan kuala ga la ma ga chalei taman tetel. kan kuala ga la ma ga chale -i taman tetel 3S_POSS wife then go and then search -TRANS.MKR INST knife PRO n TIME v CNJ TIME v -TR PREP n His wife went and searched for him with a knife. z2jeri.pita.ta.nun 008 La kalili, (ga la chal tatanginei tilu Taagaam, tatan la kalili ga la chale tatanginei tilu Taagaam tata -n go chase then go search search.for.at.place direction_west hamlet home -3sIPM v v TIME v v v LOC PropN ipn -sfx lawan. yesan lawa -n yesa -n B.in.law -3sIPM name -3sIPM ipn -sfx ipn -sfx She went and chased him (then she went and searched, looking for him at Taagaam, at his brother-in-law's place). z2jeri.pita.ta.nun 009 O ga suk kalili taman tetel. o ga suk kalili taman tetel and then INTENS chase INST knife CNJ TIME ADV v PREP n And then she really chased him with the knife. z2jeri.pita.ta.nun 010 Awena tali ila Pita taman tetel o Pita ga suk sol. a- we - ina tali ila *** taman tetel o *** ga suk sol S.MKR- say - GEN cut this_person *** INST knife and *** then INTENS run per_mkr- v - PREP v PRO *** PREP n CNJ *** TIME ADV vi She wanted to cut Pita with the knife and Pita just ran. z2jeri.pita.ta.nun 011 Amat male akap bula nun, biaa ta ben nun ase a- mat malen akap bula nun bia ta ben nun a- se S.MKR- appearance like NEG again drink that REL.CL first drink S.MKR- PERF per_mkr- n ADJ NEG ADV v DEM ASP ASP v per.mkr- ASP kap.

161

akap NEG NEG It was again like he hadn't drunk, that which he first drank was gone. z2jeri.pita.ta.nun 012 O asuk sol sin ta mataatinae kan kuala taman tetel. o a- suk sol sin ta mataa ina -i tel kuala taman tetel and S.MKR- INTENS run TEMP REL.CL fear GEN -TRANS.MKR 3S_POSS wife INST knife CNJ per_mkr- ADV vi PREP ASP vi PREP -TR PRO n PREP n And he just really ran because he was afraid of his wife with the knife. z2jeri.pita.ta.nun 013 Kan kuala na ba soro tale taman tetel. kan kuala a- ba soro tal -i taman tetel 3S_POSS wife S.MKR- FUT Irrealis give -TRANS.MKR INST knife PRO n per_mkr- TNS ASP v -TR PREP n Lest his wife cut him with the knife. z2jeri.pita.ta.nun 014 Bia kan inatolim abia sin leng Pita ta nun taman kukute bia kan -in- atolom abia sin leng *** ta nun taman kukute that 3S_POSS -NOMR- tell.story that TEMP day *** REL.CL drink INST money DEM PRO -n-infix- v DEM PREP n *** ASP v PREP n ina oil palm. ina *** *** GEN *** *** PREP*** *** That is his story there on the day Pita got drunk with the pay from the oil palm. 21/Dec/2000

z3pita.turang.pupuna z3pita.turang.pupuna 001 Akau, Joe, talaawa sin abala leng gita' chap eswe tala akau Joe talaawa si -n a- bala leng gita' chap eswe tala good *** today/now DAT -3S.IPM ADJR- this day 1P.INC arrive together here ADJ *** n ipn -sfx pfx- DEM n PRO v ADV LOC Langenia ngali aan ya ta met, ila Turang. Langenia ngali aan ya ta met ila *** Langania REAS wife's.brother 1S REL.CL die this.anim *** n PREP ipn PRO ASP v PRO *** Ok, Joe, today at this time we have come together here in Langenia for my brother-in-law who died, Turang. z3pita.turang.pupuna 002 O no tinaka ge se kosora no talaawa u ta lasi no. o no -in- taka geem se kosora no talaawa yu ta lasi no and PL -NOMR- work 1P.EX PERF make PL today/now 2S REL.CL see PL CNJ PL -vinf- v PRO ASP v PL n PRO ASP vt PL And the work we have done today, you have seen. z3pita.turang.pupuna 003 Ya, ya il lukal sin nugu no chana kadi taataa aila ya ya uli lukal si -n nugu no chana kadi taataa aila 1S 1S buy food DAT -3S.IPM 1S.POSS PL girl POSS- 3P maternal.uncle this.one PRO PRO v n ipn -sfx PRO PL n pfx- PRO n DEM Turang, mi no moton Dorothy, Gatgat, Mora, kadi *** mi no moto -n Dorothy Gatgat *** kadi *** ACCOM PL Opp_sex_sibling -3S.IPM name name *** POSS- 3P *** PREP PL ipn -sfx PropN PropN *** pfx- PRO taataa. taataa maternal.uncle n Me, I bought food for my daughters (their uncle was Turang) and Dorothy's brothers, Gatgat, Mora (he was their uncle, too). z3pita.turang.pupuna 004 Bia mak geem kokosora sin nawe tamat amet tamat laba bia mak geem dupCV- kosora si -n nawe tamat a- met tamat laba that custom 1P.EX HAB- make DAT -3S.IPM suppose man S.MKR- die man big DEM n PRO ASP- v ipn -sfx COND n per.mkr- v n ADJ

162

in abia matenbung. ina abia matenbung GEN that clan PREP DEM n That is a custom that we always do in case a man dies, an important man of that clan. z3pita.turang.pupuna 005 Ilawa Turang tamat laba in abala matenbung pan kolomet. ila -wa *** tamat laba ina a- bala matenbung pan kolomet this.anim -DEF *** man big GEN ADJR- this clan on hollow.log.drum PRO -ART *** n ADJ PREP pfx- DEM n PREP n This man Turang was an important man of this "Pan Kolomet" clan. z3pita.turang.pupuna 006 Kadi matenbung nugu no chi. kadi matenbung nugu no chi POSS- 3P clan 1S.POSS PL child pfx- PRO n PRO PL n ...my children's clan. z3pita.turang.pupuna 007 O tamat akuk mu ila se manman, delu lua, ila Lungas ma o tamat a- kuk mu ila se Dup- man delu lua ila *** ma and man ADJR- one only this.anim PERF CONT- stay 3D two this.anim *** and CNJ n pfx- NUM ADV PRO ASP ASP- v PRO NUM PRO *** CNJ ila Bat. ila *** this.anim *** PRO *** An there is just one man still living... there are two, Lungas and Bat. z3pita.turang.pupuna 008 O turamasin delulu Turang ilawa ase met. o turamasin delalu *** ila -wa a- se met and man's_brother 3D.OBJ *** this.anim -DEF S.MKR- PERF die CNJ n PRO *** PRO -ART per.mkr- ASP v And their(2) brother Turang, this one here, has died. z3pita.turang.pupuna 009 Abia tinaka u ta lasi gi ta kosora ngali tilchomi nagem abia -in- taka yu ta lasi gim ta kosora ngali til - chomi ka- geem that -NOMR- work 2S REL.CL see 2P REL.CL make REAS stand - help POSS- 1P.EX DEM -vinf- v PRO ASP vt PRO ASP v PREP v - v pfx- PRO no chana ma ngali kosora no tinaka dokdok ngali kadi taataa no chana ma ngali kosora no -in- taka dokdok ngali kadi taataa PL girl and REAS make PL -NOMR- work small REAS POSS- 3P maternal.uncle PL n CNJ PREP v PL -vinf- v ADJ PREP pfx- PRO n sin sa' nugu no mikap di kap tilamamil susugu, akap. si -n sa' nugu no mikap di akap tilamamil si -gV akap DAT -3S.IPM what 1S.POSS PL moiety.group 3P NEG look.after nd DAT -1S.IPM NEG ipn -sfx PRO PRO PL n PRO NEG vi ipn -sfx NEG This work that you have seen that we did is to help our daughters and to do the small deeds for their uncle because my own "bisness" they don't look after me, oh no! z3pita.turang.pupuna 010 Tamat, kan no chi di tilamamil sin. tamat kan no chi di tilamamil si -n man 3S.POSS PL boy 3P look.after DAT -3S.IPM n PRO PL n PRO vi ipn -sfx A man, his children look after him. z3pita.turang.pupuna 011 Bia abia mak ge ga amusili nawe tamat laba o aina laba in abia bia abia mak geem ga amusili nawe tamat laba o aina laba ina abia that that custom 1P.EX then follow suppose man big or woman big GEN that DEM DEM n PRO TIME v COND n ADJ CNJ n ADJ PREP DEM matenbung amet ge ba il matenbung a- met met geem ba clan S.MKR- die die 1P.EX FUT

163

n per.mkr- v v PRO TNS lukal sin nagem no kuala ma nagem no chana. uli lukal si -n ka- geem no kuala ma ka- geem no chana buy food DAT -3S.IPM POSS- 1P.EX PL old.woman and POSS- 1P.EX PL girl v n ipn -sfx pfx- PRO PL n CNJ pfx- PRO PL n That is that custom we follow if an important man or and important woman in that clan dies we will buy food for our wives and our daughters. z3pita.turang.pupuna 012 Iwa mu nugu tambu Lungas, ila kan tubu bula iwa mu nugu tambu *** ila kan tubu bula s.o.already.mentioned only 1S.POSS tambu *** this.anim 3S.POSS wife again DEM ADV PRO n *** PRO PRO n ADV ale il lukal, Lomot, ain Patmilak, amakis a- le uli lukal *** a- ina Patmilak a- makiis S.MKR- come buy food *** S.MKR- GEN Fatmilak.villageS.MKR- marry per.mkr- v v n *** per.mkr- PREP PropN per.mkr- vi sin nugu tambu, kan no chi bia, ila Obed, ila Belai, si -n nugu tambu kan no chi bia ila *** ila *** -i DAT -3S.IPM 1S.POSS tambu 3S.POSS PL child that this.anim *** this.anim *** -TR ipn -sfx PRO n PRO PL n DEM PRO *** PRO *** -TR ila Epel mi kan no chana. ila Epel mi kan no chana this.anim name ACCOM 3S.POSS PL girl PRO PropN PREP PRO PL n Just this one here, my brother-in-law Lungas (and his wife also) came and bought food. (Lomot from Fatmilak is married to my brother-in-law). His children are there, Obed, Belai, Epel and his daughters. z3pita.turang.pupuna 013 Talaawa bula di kosora tinaka la sin kadi mom sin talaawa bula di kosora -in- taka la si -n kadi mom si -n today/now again 3P make -NOMR- work go DAT -3S.IPM POSS- 3P father DAT -3S.IPM n ADV PRO v -vinf- v v ipn -sfx pfx- PRO n ipn -sfx sa' kadi mom atilamamil sin di, di ta dokdok pupua sa' kadi mom a- tilamamil si -n di di ta dokdok pupua what POSS- 3P father S.MKR- look.after DAT -3S.IPM 3P 3P REL.CL small able PRO pfx- PRO n per.mkr- vi ipn -sfx PRO PRO ASP ADJ v di ta loot. di ta loot 3P REL.CL big PRO ASP ADJ Today also they are doing deeds to their father because their father looked after them since they were little until they were big. z3pita.turang.pupuna 014 O ilawa turamasin kadi mom, Turang, ta se met, bia di o ila -wa turamasin kadi mom *** ta se met bia di and this.anim -DEF man's_brother POSS- 3P father *** REL.CL PERF die that 3P CNJ PRO -ART n pfx- PRO n *** ASP ASP v DEM PRO ga chap atala taman no bag rice. ga chap atala taman no bag rice then arrive here INST PL bag rice TIME v DEM PREP PL n n And this brother of their father, Turang, who died, they then came here with bags of rice. z3pita.turang.pupuna 015 O di ga le il lukal sin kadi mom ngali pupua malen o di ga le uli lukal si -n kadi mom ngali pupua malen and 3P then come buy food DAT -3S.IPM POSS- 3P father REAS able like CNJ PRO TIME v v n ipn -sfx pfx- PRO n PREP v ADJ nagem mak, nawe tamat laba amet in abia matenbung o aina ka- geem mak nawe tamat laba a- met ina abia matenbung o aina POSS- 1P.EX custom suppose man big S.MKR- die GEN that clan or woman pfx- PRO n COND n ADJ per.mkr- v PREP DEM n CNJ n laba, biaa di ta makis in abia matenbung, di ba il lukal sin laba bia di ta makiis ina abia matenbung di ba uli lukal si -n big that 3P REL.CL marry GEN that clan 3P FUT buy food DAT -3S.IPM

164

ADJ DEM PRO ASP vi PREP DEM n PRO TNS v n ipn -sfx kadi no tubu ma kadi no makis biaa nagem mak awe kadi no tubu ma kadi no makiis bia ka- geem mak a- we POSS- 3P PL wife and POSS- 3P PL husband that POSS- 1P.EX custom S.MKR- say pfx- PRO PL n CNJ pfx- PRO PL n DEM pfx- PRO n per.mkr- v atala. atala here DEM And then they come buy food for their father so that it will be able to be like our custom, if an important man dies in that clan or an important woman, they who are married into that clan will buy food for their wives and their husbands. That custom of ours is like that. z3pita.turang.pupuna 016 Biaa mu, Joe. bia mu Joe that only *** DEM ADV *** That's all, Joe. 21/Dec/2000

z4bika.no.puraa z4bika.no.puraa 001 Ya we ina asait taman totore ina nugu no puraa. ya we ina asait taman dupCV- tore ina nugu no puraa 1S say GEN tell INST NOMR- talk GEN 1S.POSS PL chicken PRO v PREP vi PREP ASP- v PREP PRO PL n I want to tell about the story of my chickens. z4bika.no.puraa 002 Bia bing kariin langit papatina o ya ga alongen langit bia bing kariin langit papatina o ya ga alongen langit that night very.large rain much.talked.about and 1S then hear rain DEM n ADJ n ADJ CNJ PRO TIME v n ausa o ya suk chalil ma ya ga le til lokobel. a- usa o ya suk chalil ma ya ga le til lokobel S.MKR- pour and 1S INTENS open and 1S then come stand place per.mkr- v CNJ PRO ADV v CNJ PRO TIME v v n That night there was a very unusually heavy rain and then I heard the rain pouring down so I just opened (the door) and I came and stood outside. z4bika.no.puraa 003 Nugu adodo, ya adodo ngali singelgel ina anuin puraa ya nugu adodo ya adodo ngali si -n - gelgel ina anua ina puraa ya 1S.POSS thought 1S think REAS DAT -3S.IPM - side GEN house GEN chicken 1S PRO n PRO v PREP ipn -sfx - PREP PREP n PREP n PRO sorowe marang, daan na ba us ma na ba chiga talaa soro - we marang daan na ba us ma na ba chiga talaa Irrealis - say something water S.MKR- FUT full and S.MKR- FUT enter there.distant ASP - v n n per.mkr TNS ADJ CNJ per.mkrTNS v LOC lan no puraa. lan no puraa in PL chicken PREP PL n My thought, I was thinking about the side of the chicken house, I thought, something, water would pour in and would go in there in the chickens. z4bika.no.puraa 004 Ya we atiltil, ya ga lolong, ya ga alongen no puraa di ya we a- dup- til ya ga dupCV- long ya ga alongen no puraa di 1S say CAUS- CONT- stand 1S then CONT- hear 1S then hear PL chicken 3P PRO v pfx- ASP- v PRO TIME ASP- v PRO TIME v PL n PRO lo "kukukuku" talaa nanua. lo kukukuku talaa lan anua progressive clucking there.distant in house ASP n LOC PREP n I was standing and listening, then i heard the chickens clucking up a racket there in the chicken house.

165

z4bika.no.puraa 005 Ya la ma lochiga se bula ma ya ga adi torch. ya la ma chiga se bula ma ya ga adi *** 1S go and enter PERF again and 1S then get *** PRO v CNJ v ASP ADV CNJ PRO TIME v *** I went and re-entered (the house) and I got a torch. z4bika.no.puraa 006 Ya se sol kalu. ya se sol kalu 1S PERF run go.west PRO ASP vi v I went running going over that way. z4bika.no.puraa 007 Ya we ala chilangi ya se lasi no tuba puraa di se are matul. ya we a- la chila -ngi ya se lasi no tuba puraa di se are matul 1S say CAUS- go shine -TR 1S PERF see PL many chicken 3P PERF stay sleep PRO v pfx- v v -TR PRO ASP vt PL ADJ n PRO ASP v v I went to illuminate it, I saw many chickens lying around. z4bika.no.puraa 009 Biaa di ta kap met, di se la manman lan chigur. bia di ta akap met di se la dup- man lan chigur that 3P REL.CL NEG die 3P PERF go CONT- stay in corner DEM PRO ASP NEG v PRO ASP v ASP- v PREP n Those that hadn't died had gone and stayed in the corner. z4bika.no.puraa 010 Ya suk lolcho maasi ngali nugu no puraa, mana iwa kapuna ti ya suk lolbir maasi ngali nugu no puraa mana iwa kapuna ti 1S INTENS worry very.much REAS 1S.POSS PL chicken perhaps this.one dog PST PRO ADV v ADV PREP PRO PL n ADJ DEM n TNS baki abia kur o ga la sas amantei abia no tuba puraa. baki abia kur o ga la sas amantei abia no tuba puraa tear.down that wall and then go fight kill that PL many chicken v DEM n CNJ TIME v v v DEM PL ADJ n I really worried very much about my chickens, perhaps a dog broke down that wall and went and killed those many chickens. z4bika.no.puraa 011 Lalan abia nugu anuin puraa no sangaul alima ma ga la kuk dupCV- lan abia nugu anua ina puraa no sangaul a- lima ma ga la kuk INTS- in that 1S.POSS house GEN chicken PL ten ADJR- five and then go one ASP- PREP DEM PRO n PREP n PL NUM pfx- NUM CNJ TIME v NUM ina no puraa. ina no puraa GEN PL chicken PREP PL n In that chicken house of mine there were 51 chickens. z4bika.no.puraa 012 O ase sangaul mu di ga se tino tiltil tia. o a- se sangaul mu di ga se tino dup- til atia and S.MKR- PERF ten only 3P then PERF life CONT- stand there CNJ per.mkr- ASP NUM ADV PRO TIME ASP v ASP- v LOC And there were just 10 that were standing alive there. z4bika.no.puraa 013 O biaa papil ina abia puraa di suk met arara. o bia papil ina abia puraa di suk met arara and that some GEN that chicken 3P INTENS die every CNJ DEM n PREP DEM n PRO ADV v ADJ And that (other) group of those chickens were really completely dead. z4bika.no.puraa 014 Ya es kaal atia asuk la pade ila Albert. ya es kal atia a- suk la pade ila Albert 1S walk come.from there S.MKR- INTENS go awake this.anim name PRO vi v LOC per.mkr- ADV v v PRO PropN I walked back from there and just went and awakened Albert.

166

z4bika.no.puraa 015 Ya we, "Albert, pade, na ga la lasi no puraa di se met arara." ya we Albert pade na ga la lasi no puraa di se met arara 1S say name awake ? then go see PL chicken 3P PERF die every PRO v PropN v ASP TIME v vt PL n PRO ASP v ADJ I said, "Albert, wake up, let's go see the chickens, they're all dead." z4bika.no.puraa 016 Albert achalil. Albert a- chalil name S.MKR- open PropN per.mkr- v Albert opened (the door). z4bika.no.puraa 017 Gelu se es la. gelu se es la 1D.EX PERF walk go PRO ASP vi v We(2) went and walked. z4bika.no.puraa 018 Gelu se la lasi no puraa ma gelu se la lukui no ma gelu se gelu se la lasi no puraa ma gelu se la lukui no ma gelu se 1D.EX PERF go see PL chicken and 1D.EX PERF go pick.up PL and 1D.EX PERF PRO ASP v vt PL n CNJ PRO ASP v v PL CNJ PRO ASP aputputi no labatina anua. aputput -i no labatina anua collect -TR PL in.the.middle.of house v -TR PL PREP n We went and saw the chickens and we picked them up and we gathered them in the middle of the house. z4bika.no.puraa 019 La ma gelu se kale atia ma gelu se ningning ngali abia marang ta la ma gelu se kale atia ma gelu se dup- ning ngali abia marang ta go and 1D.EX PERF sit there and 1D.EX PERF CONT- ask REAS that something REL.CL v CNJ PRO ASP v LOC CNJ PRO ASP ASP- v PREP DEM n ASP se chap we atia. se chap we atia PERF arrive say there ASP v v LOC It went on and we sat down there and we prayed about that thing that had happened like that. z4bika.no.puraa 020 Albert ase mula la nanua. Albert a- se mula la lan anua name S.MKR- PERF return go in house PropN per.mkr- ASP vi v PREP n Albert went back into the house. z4bika.no.puraa 021 Ya se la lan nugu room ma ya se la urungi. ya se la lan nugu room ma ya se la urungi 1S PERF go in 1S.POSS room and 1S PERF go sleep PRO ASP v PREP PRO n CNJ PRO ASP v vi I went into my room and I went to sleep. z4bika.no.puraa 022 Pade lawaring bingbing. pade lawaring bingbing awake morning early v n ADJ I got up early in the morning. z4bika.no.puraa 023 Ya pade, ya le sisil ma ya se takaturung ngali bia leng ya ba se ya pade ya le dupCV- sil ma ya se takaturung ngali bia leng ya ba se 1S awake 1S come CONT- wash and 1S PERF ready REAS that day 1S FUT PERF PRO v PRO v ASP- v CNJ PRO ASP v PREP DEM n PRO TNS ASP kalame Kavieng.

167

kalame Kavieng come place v PropN I got up, I came and bathed and I got ready for that day I was about to come to Kavieng. z4bika.no.puraa 024 O ya ga asaiti nugu kuala ya we, "No puraa no kapuna di se o ya ga asait -i nugu kuala ya we no puraa no kapuna di se and 1S then tell -TR 1S.POSS old.woman 1S say PL chicken PL dog 3P PERF CNJ PRO TIME vi -TR PRO n PRO v PL n PL n PRO ASP chaapi." chaapi kill v I told my wife, "The chickens were killed by the dogs." z4bika.no.puraa 025 Ya ga asait we amutala. ya ga asait we a- mu - tala 1S then tell say ADJR- only - here PRO TIME vi v pfx- ADV - LOC I then told (her) just like that. z4bika.no.puraa 026 Ya se adi nugu no marang ngali takaturung ngali kalame pan solsol. ya se adi nugu no marang ngali takaturung ngali kalame pan dup- sol 1S PERF get 1S.POSS PL something REAS ready REAS come on NOMR- run PRO ASP v PRO PL n PREP v PREP v PREP ASP- vi I got my things to get ready to come on the car. z4bika.no.puraa 027 Sin abia lawaring Peri Schlie ase kalame ma se le giwa ya. si -n abia lawaring Peri Schlie a- se kalame ma se le giwa ya DAT -3S.IPM that morning Perry Schlie S.MKR- PERF come and PERF come bring 1S ipn -sfx DEM n PropN PropN per.mkr- ASP v CNJ ASP v v PRO On that morning Perry Schlie came and brought me. z4bika.no.puraa 028 O bia di mil ya se kap ati di. o bia di mil ya se akap ati di and that 3P later 1S PERF NEG know 3P CNJ DEM PRO adv PRO ASP NEG v PRO And those (left) behind, I don't know about them. z4bika.no.puraa 029 Di se adi no puraa ta se met o di se la puname no. di se adi no puraa ta se met o di se la puname no 3P PERF get PL chicken REL.CL PERF die and 3P PERF go bury PL PRO ASP v PL n ASP ASP v CNJ PRO ASP v v PL They got the chickens that died and they went and buried them. z4bika.no.puraa 030 Biamu pu chinchin ngali nugu no puraa, no kapuna di ta sas bia - mu pu chinchin ngali nugu no puraa no kapuna di ta sas that - only piece story REAS 1S.POSS PL chicken PL dog 3P REL.CL fight DEM - ADV n n PREP PRO PL n PL n PRO ASP v amantei no. amantei no kill PL v PL That is all to the small story about my chickens that the dogs killed. 21/Dec/2000

z5bika.prayer z5bika.prayer 001 Lowas, na ga ningning. lawas na ga dup- ning okay ? then CONT- ask AFFM ASP TIME ASP- v Ok, let's pray.

168

z5bika.prayer 002 Nageem Mom, lawaring akau sin abalawa leng. ka- geem mom lawaring akau si -n a- bala -wa leng POSS- 1P.EX father morning good DAT -3S.IPM ADJR- this -DEF day pfx- PRO n n ADJ ipn -sfx pfx- DEM -ART n Our father, good morning on this very day. z5bika.prayer 003 Geem pade lawaring. geem pade lawaring 1P.EX awake morning PRO v n We got up this morning. z5bika.prayer 004 Geem tana tino mamainang mulina ge ta urungi nabing ma balawa lawaring geem tana tino mamainang mulina geem ta urungi nabing ma bala -wa lawaring 1P.EX hold life good behind 1P.EX REL.CL sleep night and this -DEF morning PRO v v adj PREP PRO ASP vi n CNJ DEM -ART n ge se tatanginei tino malen u ta tilchomi geem sin geem se tatanginei tino malen yu ta til - chomi geem si -n 1P.EX PERF find.at.place life like 2S REL.CL stand - help 1P.EX DAT -3S.IPM PRO ASP v v ADJ PRO ASP v - v PRO ipn -sfx abalawa bing ge ta urungi. a- bala -wa bing geem ta urungi ADJR- this -DEF night 1P.EX REL.CL sleep pfx- DEM -ART n PRO ASP vi We are alive and well after we have slept last night and this morning we have found life since you helped us during this night when we slept. z5bika.prayer 005 Getul se tala lan office sin Joe ma Jill, geem kale aturung geem - tul se tala lan office si -n Joe ma Jill geem kale aturung 1P.EX - three PERF here in office DAT -3S.IPM *** and *** 1P.EX sit put PRO - NUM ASP LOC PREP n ipn -sfx *** CNJ *** PRO v v ngali balawa leng ge ba kosora no pu tinaka. ngali bala -wa leng geem ba kosora no pu -in- taka REAS this -DEF day 1P.EX FUT make PL piece -NOMR- work PREP DEM -ART n PRO TNS v PL n -vinf- v We three are here in the office of Joe and Jill, we are sitting ready for this day we will do some work. z5bika.prayer 006 Geem ning choli nantanua na ba kalame na ba manman mi geem geem ning choli nantanua na ba kalame na ba dup- man mi geem 1P.EX ask hold spirit S.MKR- FUT come S.MKR- FUT CONT- stay ACCOM 1P.EX PRO v v ipn per.mkr TNS v per.mkr TNS ASP- v PREP PRO sin abalawa leng. si -n a- bala -wa leng DAT -3S.IPM ADJR- this -DEF day ipn -sfx pfx- DEM -ART n We ask and receive that the spirit will come and will stay with us on this day. z5bika.prayer 007 Na ba tilchomi geem taman tinaka ma na atoa geem ma na ba til - chomi geem taman -in- taka ma na a- to geem ma S.MKR- FUT stand - help 1P.EX INST -NOMR- work and IMPV CAUS- life 1P.EX and per.mkr TNS v - v PRO PREP -vinf- v CNJ ASP pfx- n PRO CNJ na ateiwa geem ngali ge ba kosora no tinaka taman malina na ateiwa geem ngali geem ba kosora no -in- taka taman malina IMPV give.understanding 1P.EX REAS 1P.EX FUT make PL -NOMR- work INST peace ASP v PRO PREP PRO TNS v PL -vinf- v PREP n paina num marmaru. paina num dupCVC- maru underneath 2S.POSS INTS- shade PREP PRO ASP- n He will help us with the work and he must give us life and give good understanding to us in order that we will do tthe work with peace under your shadow.

169

z5bika.prayer 008 U ba tilcho bula mi Joe ma Jill sin kadelu yu ba til - cho bula mi Joe ma Jill si -n kadelu 2S FUT stand - join.with again ACCOM *** and *** DAT -3S.IPM POSS- 3D PRO TNS v - vi ADV PREP *** CNJ *** ipn -sfx pfx- PRO manman atalawa ngali kosora balawa tinaka ngali ge ba ati dup- man atala -wa ngali kosora bala -wa -in- taka ngali geem ba ati CONT- stayhere -DEF REAS make this -DEF -NOMR- work REAS 1P.EX FUT know ASP- v DEM -ART PREP v DEM -ART -vinf- v PREP PRO TNS v totore o na ba sol akau sin nageem totore ina Nochi. dupCV- tore o na ba sol akau si -n ka- geem dupCV- tore ina Nochi NOMR- talk and S.MKR- FUT run good DAT -3S.IPM POSS- 1P.EX NOMR- talk GEN Nochi ASP- v CNJ per.mkr TNS vi ADJ ipn -sfx pfx- PRO ASP- v PREP PropN You will also help Joe and Jill in their stay here to do this work so that we will understand the language and it will run good in our Nochi language. z5bika.prayer 009 U ba tilchomi bula ya ma Penias, gelu ta manman mi detutul yu ba til - chomi bula ya ma Penias gelu ta dup- man mi detutul 2S FUT stand - help again 1S and name 1D.EX REL.CL CONT- stay ACCOM 3T.OBJ PRO TNS v - v ADV PRO CNJ PropN PRO ASP ASP- v PREP PRO ge ba takaturung ngali mula. geem ba takaturung ngali mula 1P.EX FUT ready REAS return PRO TNS v PREP vi You will help also me and Penias, we(2) staying with them, we will get ready to return. z5bika.prayer 010 Geem ningi yu ngali u ba tilchomi geem sin nagelu geem ning -i yu ngali yu ba til - chomi geem si -n ka- gelu 1P.EX ask -TR 2S REAS 2S FUT stand - help 1P.EX DAT -3S.IPM POSS- 1D.EX PRO v -TR PRO PREP PRO TNS v - v PRO ipn -sfx pfx- PRO eses mula la talaa Lesu. dupCV- es mula la talaa Lesu NOMR- walk return go there.distant Lossu ASP- vi vi v LOC PropN We ask you that you will help us in our travels going back there to Lossu. z5bika.prayer 011 Asuk akau, lawaring mamainang, bia mu nagetu pu ningning a- suk akau lawaring mamainang bia mu ka- getu pu dup- ning S.MKR- INTENS good morning good that only POSS- 1T.EX piece NOMR- ask per.mkr- ADV ADJ n ADJ DEM ADV pfx- PRO n ASP- v aweatia la susum sin abala lawaring. a- we - atia la si -Vm si -n a- bala lawaring ADJR- say - there go DAT -2SIPM DAT -3S.IPM ADJR- this morning pfx- v - LOC v ipn -sfx ipn -sfx pfx- DEM n Thank you, good morning, that is all of our small prayer like that going to you on this morning. z5bika.prayer 012 Geem ningning ma geem ning choli abalawa no ta pat sin geem dup- ning ma geem ning choli a- bala -wa no ta pat si -n 1P.EX CONT- ask and 1P.EX ask hold ADJR- this -DEF PL REL.CL holy DAT -3S.IPM PRO ASP- v CNJ PRO v v pfx- DEM -ART PL ASP v ipn -sfx yesaam Yesu, iwa nageem untino. yesa -Vm Yesu iwa ka- geem un- to -in- name -2SIPM Jesus this.one POSS- 1P.EX AGNT- life -NOMR- ipn -sfx PropN DEM pfx- PRO pfx- n -vinf- We are praying and we ask and receive these holy (things?) in your name, Jesus, this one is our life-giver. 21/Dec/2000

Date post:	23-Jan-2021
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	1 times
Download:	0 times

...Text # Title Date Genre Source Dialect 01 Hungry Children (1:1:227) 13/08/96 Story Simeon Sau...

Documents