The elements C, H, O & N make up amino acids (AA) that are the building blocks (or mononmers)of PROTEIN.

Proteins are organic molecules Proteins are macromolecules that

contain many atoms. A single protein molecule may contain

10 or more AA linked in peptide chains/bonds

Proteins are macronutrients

R group Acid

group Amine group

NH2 O

R C C OH

H

Made of four parts:1. Amine group (NH2)

2. Carboxyl group (COOH)3. Single Hydrogen4. Variable Group – N bonds (determines

type & name of amino acid)

Essential AA Nonessential AA

Histidine Alanine

Isoleucine Arginine

Leucine Asparagine

Lysine Aspartic Acid

Methionine Cysteine

Phenylalanine Glutamic acid

Threonine Glutamine

Tryptophan Glycine

Valine Proline

Serine

Tyrosine

New growth of tissues, hormones and enzymes

Building blocks of body components Maintain fluid balance Contribute to acid/base (pH) balance Immune function Gluconeogenesis (Energy if needed) 4 kcals/gram

Provide the 9 essential amino acids

Provide the essential amino acids or nitrogen to make the nonessential amino acids

High quality protein or complete protein› Contains ample amount of all 9

essential amino acids These foods include beef, chicken,

fish, eggs, milk and just about anything else derived from animal sources.

Low quality protein or incomplete protein› Deficient or low in one or more essential

amino acids› Generally include vegetables, fruits,

grains, seeds and nuts.

Grains Legumes Seeds & Nuts

Vegetables

Barley Beans Sesame Seeds

Leafy Greens

Corn Meal Lentils Sunflower Seeds

Broccoli

Oats Peas Walnuts

Rice Peanuts Cashews

Pasta Soy Products

Other Nuts

Whole Grain Breads

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Heat/acid/alkaline/enzymes Result in alteration of the protein’s three

dimensional structure

Cooking and/or digestion eventually break down proteins to amino acids

Amino acids are transported in the body via the circulatory system

Homework Go to Teacher page Go to the “LINKS”

section Click on “How much

protein do I need? “ Answer the

questions in your notebook.

Somewhat less efficient (than animal protein)

Lacking in one or more essential amino acid

Low in cholesterol and saturated fat High in dietary fiber, phytochemicals

Homework Go to Teacher web Go to the “LINKS” section Click on “Gluten “ Answer the questions in your

notebook.

Soy protein is similar to animal protein (used in school lunches)

Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OS6pS

nejzZU&feature=related

Homework Go to Teacher web Go to the “LINKS” section Click on “Soy. What is it good for?“ Answer the questions in your

notebook.

Homework Go to Teacher web Go to the “LINKS” section Click on “Protein & Food

Production“ Answer the questions in your

notebook.