.

The Jeaning of America

Carin Quinn

Unit 14

.

Lesson 1: Overview

Pre-reading questionsBackground information Getting to know the new wordsGlobal understanding

.

Pre-reading Questions

How many jeans do you have in your wardrobe?

Do you like blue jeans? Why/Why not?

What do your think are the merits and demerits of jeans?

Do you know any famous brand names of jeans?

.

Some Famous Designers

• COMMEdesGARCONS• Calvin Klein• LEVIS• Wrangler• DKNY• FAIRWHALE• Miss sixty• Texwood

.

Types of Jeans

Acid-wash jeans

Designer jeans

Double-kneed jeans

Boot-cut jeans

.

Types of Jeans

Acid-wash jeans

Designer Jeans

.

Types of Jeans

Bell-bottomed

Flare

Skinny

Slim fit

Relax

Loose fit

Low rise

Overall

Cuffed →

.

Fashion Set

Boot-cut Jeans

Teenage wear

.

Categories of Fashion Design

Haute couture: (French for “high-fashion”)

Ready-to-wear: Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented by fashion houses each season during a period known as Fashion Week.

Mass market: The mass market caters for a wide range of customers, producing ready-to-wear clothes in large quantities and standard sizes.

.

Designing a Collection

Planning a collection Predicting trends Choosing a theme Designing a garment

– Men’s Day Wear– Women’s Evening Wear– Teenage Wear– Sportswear– Knitwear– Bridal Wear– Accessories

.

Let’s Try Fashion Design!

Group Work– You are to design a col

lection – Choose a theme for yo

ur collection – Illustrate your design i

n a fashion show– Video record your fas

hion show

.

Getting to know the new words

Pronunciation check (page 199)

Concept visualized

Word classification

Word derivation

Word differentiation

.

Concept Visualized

Hook

Towrope

Loop

Rivet

.

Coupling

.

Concept Visualized

Ditch: narrow channel dug at the side of a road or field

Lode: <BrE> 排水道；排水沟；矿脉

.

Concept Visualized

Indigo

Inseam =inside leg

Ore

.

Concept Visualized

Dude Ranch: (in the western US) a cattle ranch converted to a holiday centre for tourists 度假牧场（农场）

Dude: (often as a form of address) a man; a guy

.

Meaning & Use

dude <AmE> <sl.>: a man– He’s a real cool ~.

– Hey, ~, what’s up?ranch: a large farm

– He went to work on a ~.dude ranch: 度假农场

– We had an amazing holiday on the ~ ranch in Texas.

.

Sundries: small articles of various types

.

Classification of Words

People of a Certain Kind– peddler <AmE> = pedlar <BrE> 小贩– deadbeat <slang> 懒汉；二流子 – lumberjack = lumberman 伐木工 – proletariat 无产阶级；工人阶级 proletari

an <ant.> aristocrat/aristocracy

– bureaucrat 官僚（主义者） bureaucracy <ant.> democrat

.

Classification of Words

<adj.> sturdy; tough; stiff; manly– Shoes are _______ usually when they

are new. – With his ________ legs he could keep

running for hours. – Only ________ breeds of sheep can live

in the mountains. – He looked so _________ in his uniform.

stiff

sturdy

tough

manly

.

Classification of Words

Nouns ___________ are used to join the carriages of

the train together. （挂钩）We don’t use _________ to sell our products.

（噱头；花招）Items such as envelops, paper, and stamps we

re lumped together in the bill as _________. （杂项；杂物）

The tree is one meter in ______. （围长）

Couplings

gimmicks

sundries

girth

perimeter

.

Classification of Words

Nouns The drainage _______ along the sides of the r

oad has been covered. （沟、渠）Light shone through a ______ under the door.

（切 / 裂口）The metal plates used in making ships used to

be _______ together, but now they’re usually welded. （铆接）

They hit a rich ______ of uranium.

（排水道；矿脉）

ditch

slit

riveted

lode

.

Classification of Words

NounsThe dog had been trained to jump through ____

___. （环；大圈）He tied a ______ of rope around his arm. （环

，绳圈）I had a fish on the end of my _

______. （挂钩；吊钩）

loop

hook

hoop

.

Classification of Words

Adjectives & Adverbs Thousands were killed in the ________ battle.

(=following)_________ we had no further communication

with them. (=afterwards)The town was built near a bridge on the River

Cam; _________ the name Cambridge. (=therefore)

ensuing

Thereafter

hence

.

Meaning & Use

beckon: <v.> to call– City life ~s many a country boy. – The peddler ~ed me to follow him.– An entire new era, the era of knowledge eco

nomy, is ~ing us on.– Coffee houses, fast-food joints, and every ki

nd of restaurant ~ed us to try every kind of food.

.

Meaning & Use

Pacify: <v.> – He pacified his crying child with a bottle.– In spite of my efforts to ~ it the baby

continued to cry.– It was difficult for the police to ~ the angry

crowd.– He tried to pacify his creditors by repaying

part of the money.

.

Meaning & Use

Appropriate: <v.> 盗用；侵吞 ; 拨（专款）– He is suspected of appropriating gover

nment funds.

– Congress ~d $5 million for International Woman's Year.

– Some of the opposition party’s policies have been ~d by the government.

.

Meaning & Use

Tear: <v.>– He tore his shirt on a nail. – The boy tore a page out of the book.– The child was torn from its mother's arms. – This cloth ~s easily. – Iraq is now a country torn by war.– Her heart was torn by grief.

.

Meaning & Use

Marginal: <adj.>

– There's only a ~ difference between the two estimates.

– This once important social group is becoming more and more ~ (to the way the country is run).

– The story will only be of ~ interest to our readers.

.

Meaning & Use

Legitimate: <adj.>

– Is this business strictly ~?

– The army must give power back to the ~ government.

– It seemed a perfectly ~ question.

– Politicians are ~ targets for satire.

<syn.>legal; lawful

.

Meaning & Use

Parallel: <adj.>

– His prudence is ~ to his zeal.

– My experience in selling is ~ to yours.

– The railway line runs ~ to/with the road.

– The trees stand in ~ to the road.

– There came an economic crisis unparalleled in modern times.

.

Meaning & Use

tribute: <n.>– Tributes to the dead leader have been

received from all around the world. – His Nobel Prize is a ~ to the originality of his

research. – The doctor paid ~ to his nurses by praising

their work.– I should like to pay a ~ to the leaders of

China for the vision and farsightedness of their approach to the negotiations.

.

Meaning & Use

seek after: to try to get– His paintings are much sought after.

– One mustn’t ~ after comfort, personal fame and gains.

– Obviously they came here to ~ after truth.

– He is ~ing after/for something to serve as a table.

– Our fighters are ~ing after the enemy. – The girl is sought after by my friend.

.

Meaning & Use

stand up to:

– This coat will not stand up to the severe winters.

– It was brave of her to ~ up to those bullies.

– That cloth is designed to ~ up to a lot of wear and tear.

– The old man’s health will not ~ up to the cold damp climate.

.

Meaning & Use

jump at:– When I heard about Gmail, I ~ed at the

chance to get an account.

– When he was invited to go riding in the country, he ~ed at the chance.

– She ~ed at the chance of a trip to Paris.

.

Meaning & Use

eke out: 补偿不足；弥补……不足– They ~d out a poor existence by selling

flowers.– They ~d out the ensuing months penny

by penny. – She ~d out her wages by working Sund

ays.– She ~d out her small income by workin

g as music tutor.

.

Meaning & Use

break up

– Meetings have been broken up.

– He decided to ~ up his dull routine and went on an adventure around the world.

– The police broke up the fight among the two black gangs.

– The crowd started to ~ up when the night fell.

.

Meaning & Use

bottom line– The boss is interested only in the ~ line. – In business, if you don’t take care of your

customers, somebody else will. And that is the ~ line.

– I hate to tell you this, but if we don’t get more customers the next three months, the ~ line is that we’ll go out of business.

– Bottom line: We have to ship this order by Friday.

.

Word Derivation

N. symbol

V. prosper pacify stuff

A.

N.

V. patent hook

A. tough legitimate

symbolize

symbolic

prosperity

prosperous

pacification

pacific

stuff

stuffy

patent

patent

hook

hooked

tough/ toughness

tough

legitimacy

legitimize

.

Word Derivation

N. immigrant boost

V.

A. stiff faulty

N. legend bureaucrat

N. sundries reliability coupling tribute

A.

stiffness

stiffen

fault

fault immigrate boost

legendary bureaucratic

sundry reliable couple tributary

.

Word Derivation

N. grit loop

V. emigrate confine

N.

V. purchase rivet appropriate haul

N.

A. proletarian ubiquitous marginal manly

grit loop

emigration -ment

purchase rivet appropriation haul

proletarian -ness margin manliness

.

Word Differentiation

Boost vs. Boom This news has given share prices a big _____.The unexpected win ________ the team‘s mor

ale （士气） . The big tax cuts fuelled a consumer _______.Living standards improved rapidly during the p

ost-war ________. California _________ when gold was discover

ed there.

boost

boosted

boom

boom

boomed

.

Word Differentiation

Emigrant vs. ImmigrantThe ship was full of __________ leaving

Liverpool for Australia.Illegal __________ will be sent back to their

own countries if they are caught. Summer _________ nest here.________ workers move from country to

country in search of work.

emigrants

immigrants

migrants

Migrant

.

Word Differentiation

Dying vs. DyeingThe small town is well known for its printing

and _________ industry.I will remember it to my _________ days.She looked after her ________ mother for

months.This is his dying wish.Susan _______ her hair blonde yesterday.

dyeing

dying

dying

dyed

.

Word Differentiation

Study vs. SturdyHave you any sturdy hiking boots?He is sturdy and so fit for the job.Ensuing vs. EnsuringIf you want to ensure that you catch the plane,

take a taxiA person’s high IQ doesn’t always ensure

success.Following the gas incident, the metro is taking

steps to ensure public safety..

.

Word Differentiation

Stiff vs. StuffThis is too ______; I can’t bend it with my

hands.The ice has made everything _______._______ the cushion and then sew up the final

seam.They’d been _________ themselves with

snacks all afternoon, so they didn’t want any dinner.

stiff

stiff

Stuff

stuffing

.

Word Differentiation

Slot vs. SlitI put my money in the _____ and pressed the

button but nothing came out. She _____ open the envelope with a knife.He’s been given a regular ten-minute ______

on the radio. Make a small _____ in each chicken breast

and push in a piece of garlic.

slot

slot

slit

slit

.

Word-Formation

out- = beyond; further; defeat; so as to be better than

I can out-argue you any day.He has out-lived his twin brother by three

years.He’s out-grown his clothes.They were busy so I left — I didn’t want to out-

stay my welcome.

.

Word-Formation

idio- = personal; distinctKeeping pet snakes is an idiosyncrasy of his.

（癖好）A person’s particular use of language is often r

eferred to as his idiolect.He speaks in the familiar Washington idiom.

.

Background Information

Levi Strauss

www.levistrauss.com

.

Abstraction & Nominalization

To nominalize means to form a noun from a verb or an adjective.

When such suffixes as “-ness”, “-ing”, “-tion”, “-ity” and “-dom” are added to a verb or an adjective, they can turn the verb or adjective into an abstract noun.

The word “jeaning” is an abstraction based on “jean”, meaning the process of making jeans part of the American culture.

.

Global Understanding

What do you think is the author’s purpose of writing?

To tell how the blue jeans came into being and have become an American symbol.

What do you think is characteristic of an investigative writing?

Research-basedFactual and objective

.

A Global Picture

“Jeaning of America" is a prime example of how something becomes Americanized.

This article is about Levis Strauss, a dirt poor immigrant who made his way to America, headed west, found a need for a new type of clothing, made the first levis, and the rest is history.

Who would have thought that a simple, yet tough fabric, sewn together, with rivets reinforcing the pockets, could have changed the way that society dressed?

.

A Global Picture

This is a piece of investigative writing which explores the history of the blue jeans , one of America’s symbols today.

The author provides some important information concerning – who the inventor was

– when and how the pants came into being

– why they have become popular

– what they symbolize.

.

Structure of the Text

Part I (para.1)– Status of blue jeans

Part II (para.2-3)– Introduction of Levis Strauss

Part III (para.4-5)– Birth of the first blue jeans

Part IV (para.6)– Growth and popularity of the blue jeans

Part V (pa.7)– Merits of the blue jeans

Tag line, tag line

Thank you!

To be continued.

.

Lesson 2: Overview

Word review

Background information

Text analysis

.

Which word means …?

Strong and firmRigid and firmDefective BoostDependabilityTo callLawfulBad-temperedDetermination

SturdyStiffFaultyIncreaseReliabilityTo beckonLegitimateMean-temperedGrit

.

Which word means …?

To buyA thing of valueA lazy aimless personBarely adequateTo change intoTo exist longer thanTo take for oneselfAfterwardsFollowingTo limit or restrict

purchaseCommodityDeadbeatMarginalconvert intoOutliveAppropriateThereafterEnsuingConfine

.

What does it mean in Chinese?

ProletarianBureaucratPatentCanvasOreAcidRivetCouplingLoophook

无产阶级的官僚专利帆布矿石酸铆钉 / 接车钩；挂钩环；绳圈挂钩

.

Word Review

Complete the following sentences. She is writing a thesis on Irish l_______ and

mythology.Millions of Germans e_______ from Europe to

America in the 19th century.Our language is now under the pressure from the

u__________ spread of English.A UN force has been sent in to try and p______

the area worst affected by the civil war.He b________ her to sit but then ignored her.

legend

emigrated

ubiquitous

pacify

beckoned

.

Word Review

They have been given permission to run gambling halls, the only l____________ gambling in the area.

A p_______ will be refused if details of the item have already been released to the public.

The promise of lower taxation may have been just an election g__________ to gain votes.

There was a tremendous c______ for elaborate hairstyles in 1980s.

The party’s power base was c_________ to one province.

legitimate

patent

gimmick

craze

confined

.

Idiom Review

When he was invited to go riding in the country, he ______________ the chance.

They _____________ a poor existence by selling flowers.

The old man’s health will not ____________ the cold damp climate.

The minister _______________ the men who had fought the earthquake.

He was much ______________ on account of his wide readings and brilliant conversational powers.

jumped at

eked out

stand up to

paid tribute to

sought after

.

Idiom ReviewHe _________ his dollars ______ pounds upon a

rriving in London.The man _______________ the small branches b

efore cutting down the tree.__________________ is that recycling isn't profit

able.They _______________ a long-running legal battl

e with their neighbours.Tropical plants ____________ the jungle.They threw him out because word __________ th

at he was taking drugs.

converted into

chopped off

The bottom line

are engaged in

abound ingot around

.

Background Information

American Heritage (opening remarks)a monthly magazine dedicated to covering the histo

ry of the United States for a mainstream readership. Up to 2007, the magazine was published by Forbes （福布斯） .

.

Background Information

(appearing in two volumes: 1835 and 1840) The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856)In both of these works, he explored the effects of

the rising equality of social conditions on the individual and the state in western societies.

Alexis de Tocqueville (1805–1859) was a French political thinker and historian best known for his books:

Democracy in America

.

Background Information

Nevada (para.5)Its largest city is Las

Vegas. The state's nickname

is the “Silver State," due to the large number of silver deposits that were discovered and mined there.

well known for its easy marriage and divorce proceedings, entertainment, legalized gambling and legalized active brothels （妓院） .

.

Background Information

Nîmes （尼姆） (para.5)a city in southern France noted for its many

well-preserved Roman remains. Nîmes has a rich history, dating back to the Roman Empire, and it is a popular tourist destination.

.

Background Information

Smithsonian Institute (para.7)

a US foundation for education and scientific research in Washington D. C. opened in 1846

originated in a ￡ 100,000 bequest （遗赠） in the will of the English chemist and mineralogist James Smithson (1765-1829)

now responsible for administering many museums, art galleries, and other establishments.

.

Smithsonian Institute

.

Smithsonian Museum

.

Language Points

Sew up (opening remarks)– Her mother ~ed up a rip in her night gown.– He was completely sewn up after a day’s work. (=e

xhausted)– Dick thought he had the job ~ed up, but another bo

y got it. (=have exclusive control over)Proletarian (opening remarks)

– Our friend ship is built on ~ internationalism. 我们的友谊是建立在无产阶级国际主义之上的。

– P~ revolutionaries always cleave to Marxist-Leninist principles. 无产阶级革命者永远忠于马列主义的原则。

.

Language Points

Seek one’s fortune– He majored in political science before ~ing fame a

nd fortune in New York.

– The purpose many people practice job-hopping is to ~ their fortune most of the time.

Heritage – These beautiful old churches are part of our nation

al ~. （遗产）– World Cultural ~ 世界文化遗产– This stone axe is a relic of ancient times. （遗物）

.

Language Points

Draw distinction (para.1)– It’s important to draw a ~ between the policies of t

he leaders and the views of their supporters.

– She draws an important ~ between the different kinds of illness.

– We draw no ~ between the two kinds of spelling.Authority (para.1)

– The government is the highest ~ in the country.

– The ~ies in Spain have refused to allow him to enter the country.

.

Language Points

Black market (para.1)– Gangs are buying assault （攻击性的） weapons

on the black market.

– There’s quite a big black market in foreign currency.

– A woman selling black ~ cigarettes was beaten on the street.

– They bought dollars on the black market.

.

Language Points

Have been around (para.1): have a lot of varied experience and understanding of the world– That guy’s been around. 那个家伙见过世面。

Bavaria (para.2): 巴伐利亚州 a state of southern Germany, formerly an independent kingdom

Lowly (para.3): low in status; humble– She’d been too good for her ~ position.

– It was unheard of for a tradesman of such ~ status to threaten his customers in such a fashion.

.

Language Points

Turmoil (para.3): state of confusion– She couldn’t think; her mind was in (a) complete ~.

– His assassination threw the country into ~.Take a chance/ take chances (on sth) / take on

e’s chance(s) (para.3)– They decide to take a chance with weather.

– Although he knew the odds were against him, he decided to take his chances in the game.

– The store closes in half an hour. Let’s take our chances and see if we can make it in time.

.

Language Points

The main chance (para.3)– Mr. Brown is a developer with an eye on the main cha

nce.– I feel called upon to do it; this may be my main chanc

e. 我感到非做不可，这可能是我的大好机会。

Push (para.3): promote the sale or use – Don’t ~ her to join in if she doesn’t want to. – The company are ~ing their new products.– He used the sales conference to ~ his latest ideas.

.

Sentence Highlight

For two years he was a lowly peddler, hauling some 180 pounds of sundries door to door to eke out a marginal living. (para.3)

For two years, he worked as a peddler of low social status, dragging heavy bags of various articles from door to door and trying to sell them. But he could barely manage to support himself.

.

Language Points

Bolts of canvas (para.3): large quantities of rolled cloth– The room was stacked

with bolts of cloth.Tenting (para.3):

something used for making shelters for campers– The refugees had been

living in makeshift ~s for a year.

.

Language Points

Mother lode (para.4): origin; sth from which others of the same type derive– The initiatives were based on the experience of th

e mother company.

Rigor (para.4): severe and harsh conditions– At the beginning stage, we suffered the ~s of fund

raising. 最初阶段，我们经受了筹款的艰苦。– The expedition suffered all the ~s of a Canadian

winter.

.

Language Points

On the spot (para.4)– Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave on

the ~. (=at once)– When the fighting started police and reporters were

soon on the ~. (=arrive at the place)– The gym teacher made us do running on the ~.– His direct question put me on the ~; I couldn’t make

an excuse or lie.

.

Language Points

Gold dust (para.4): gold in the form of a fine powder– Good computer personnel

are like gold dust.Word get around (para.4):

words spread– Word got around that he was

on the verge of retirement.

– The word got around that he

had resigned.

.

Language Points

In business (para.4): operating, esp in commerce– They will have to import from overseas to remain in ~

.

– The 15-member committee is expected to be in ~ by early June. (=start working)

Serge (para.5): a durable

twilled woolen or worsted

fabric 哔叽Genoa (para.5): a city in

Northwest of Italy 热那亚

.

Background Information

Jacob W. Davis was born in Latvia （拉脱维亚） in 1831 and came to Nevada in 1868. A tailor, Davis used small copper rivets to reinforce and strengthen items including harnesses （马具） . In 1871, a woman approached Davis to make pants for her husband, who was quite large. Davis decided to use the copper rivets to reinforce the pants for men.

At the time, Davis used white duck, a canvas-type material he had bought from Levi Strauss & Co a San Francisco merchant. Worried about others pirating his product, he asked Levi Strauss to support him in a patent application. He offered to share the patent rights with the San Francisco company.

.

Background Information

Levi Strauss agreed, and the patent was granted on May 20, 1873.

Davis not only partnered with the company, he moved his family to San Francisco and became production manager for a line of Levi's copper-riveted clothing, a

position he held until

his death in 1908.

.

Language Points

Prominence (para.6): importance– The young fashion designer is rising to/coming

into ~.

– She came to national ~ as an artist in the 1960s.And the like (pa.6)

– There is a big sports hall for tennis, badminton, and the ~.

– He enjoys all kinds of sports, running, swimming, and the ~.

.

Language Points

Dude ranch craze: the enormous interest of the Easters in spending their vacation on ranches in the West

Force (para.6): a group of people trained for some kind of action– She joined the police ~.

– A small ~ of doctors and nurses was rushed to the scene of the big fire.

– The British air fighting ~ is called the Royal Air Force.

.

Sentence Highlight

They draw no distinctions and recognize no classes: they are merely American. (para.1)

They do not show differences in the wearers' professions and social status. They are just an American symbol.

.

Language Points

Pacify (para.5): calm or soothe the anger or distress of (sb) 使（某人）安静 , 息怒 ; 抚慰 : – He tried to ~ his creditors by repaying part of the mo

ney.

为安抚债权人偿还了部分债务 .– In spite of my efforts to ~ it the baby continued to cry.

Appropriate (para.5)– He is suspected of ~ing government funds.

– Congress ~d $5 million for International Woman's Year.

.

Language Points

Patent (para.5): <v.> obtain a patent for (an invention)– An invention is not your own until it is ~ed.

– A ~ will be refused if details of the item have already been released to the public.

Gimmick (para.5)– A quality newspaper shouldn’t have to resort to

~s like bingo.

– The promise of lower taxation may have been just an election ~ to gain votes.

.

Language Points

Prominence (para.6): importance– The young fashion designer is rising to/coming

into ~.

– She came to national ~ as an artist in the 1960s.And the like (pa.6)

– There is a big sports hall for tennis, badminton, and the ~.

– He enjoys all kinds of sports, running, swimming, and the ~.

.

Language Points

Craze (para.6): an enthusiasm for a particular activity– There was a tremendous ~ for elaborate hairstyles.

– The actor is quite the ~. 这位演员郑红极一时。 Dude ranch craze: the enormous interest of the Easters i

n spending their vacation on ranches in the West Force (para.6): a group of people trained for some kind of

action– She joined the police ~.

– A small ~ of doctors and nurses was rushed to the scene of the big fire.

– The British air fighting ~ is called the Royal Air Force.

.

Word Differentiation

Cloth, clothe, clothes, or clothing? It costs a lot to feed and ________ five

children.She usually wears causal ________.You can only take three articles/items of

________ into the changing room.This jacket is made from woolen _____.

clothe

clothes

clothing

cloth

.

Language Points

Marketing (para.6): the action or business of promoting and selling products or services, including market research and advertising

Word of mouth (para.6)– That restaurant is well known by word of mouth.

– Folk tales are stories passed down by word of ~ generation after generation.

– All the orders were given by word of ~ so that no written evidence could be discovered later.

.

Language Points

Pre-washed <adj.> (para.6): washed by the manufacturer so as to impart a softer texture or faded appearance. Used of textiles or clothing

Pre-faded <adj.> (para.6): (of color) made less bright before being sold

Pre-shrunk <adj.> (para.6): made to shrink before being sold in order to prevent shrinking after use

.

Language Points

So much so that (para.7): to such a degree that– He is rich, so much so that he doesn’t know

what he is worth.

– The children were over-protected, so much so that they could not fend for themselves at school.

– He got angry, so much so that he smashed up the television set.

.

Background Information

Wyoming (para.7)a state in the northwestern region of the United

States. The majority of the state is dominated by the mountain ranges and rangelands of the Rocky Mountain West, while the easternmost section of the state includes part of a high altitude prairie region known as the High Plains.

.

Language Points

Tribute (para.7): a proof (of its good quality)– His Nobel Prize is a ~ to the originality of his

research. – I’ve never known a 5-year-old as well-behaved as

your son --- he’s a ~ to you!– The minister paid ~ to the men who had fought the

blaze/earthquake. – I should like to pay a ~ to the leaders of China for

the vision and farsightedness of their approach to the negotiations.

.

Illustrations

Dangling (para.7)

Belt loop →Construction

worker ↓

Tag line, tag line

Thank you!

To be continued.

.

Lesson 3: Overview

Duty report

Translation practice

Oral practice: Fashion Show

.

Student’s Duty ReportAmerican West

.

Student’s Duty Report

Coca-ColaIt is produced by The Coca-Cola Company in Atlant

a, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke or (in European and American countries) as cola, pop, or in some parts of the U.S., soda.

Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century.

.

Comprehension Check

What, according to the text, has made the blue jeans an Americans symbol?

Blue jeans are an American symbol, because they are " a manly and legitimate passion for equality" ; they draw no distinctions and recognize no classes, so they are favored by people from all walks of life.

.

Comprehension Check

How did Levis Strauss find his opportunity in the West?

Levis Strauss invented his blue jeans largely by chance. He brought some canvas which he hoped to sell for tenting in the West, but it was the wrong kind. After learning that the Western miners needed tough and sturdy pants in their work, he had the canvas tailored into a pair of stiff but rugged pants, which was an immediate success.

.

Comprehension Check

How did Levis’s rugged pants get the name “blue jeans”?

The word "jeans" derives from Genes, the French word for Genoa, where a similar tough cotton cloth was produced; Levis Strauss had this cloth dyed indigo (blue), hence "blue jeans".

.

Comprehension Check

When did the blue jeans obtain their nationwide popularity in America?

Blue jeans gained more popularity in the Second World War when they became an essential commodity and were only used by those in military service.

.

Comprehension Check

What is the main reason that makes the blue jeans favored by men and women alike?

At first, blue jeans were popular among the working people in the West. They came to the East during the dude ranch craze in the 1930s when those vacationing Easterners brought them back and spread the word about the wonderful pants. Blue jeans gained more popularity in the Second World War when they became an essential commodity and were only used by those in military service.

.

Comprehension Check

How do you understand the title of the essay “The Jeaning of America”?

The title suggests how an American symbol, namely the jeans, came into being. Note the basic meaning of the structure "the + -ing + of + noun". In the text, the title literally means "how America is jeaned". Since the jeans are a symbol, it should be interpreted as " how America came to be symbolized by the jeans" or "how that American symbol was invented".

.

Translation Practice

A wedding ring symbolizes the union of husband and wife.

鸽子和橄榄叶通常象征和平和平安。

那位诗人用玫瑰花象征他的爱人。

十字架是基督教的象征。

婚戒象征夫妻的结合。A dove and olive leaves ge

nerally symbolize peace and safety.

The poet has symbolized his lover with a flower.

The cross is a symbol/symbolic of Christianity.

.

Translation Practice

Such examination will draw a distinction of students between memory capability and analysis ability.

Philosophers didn’t use to draw/make a distinction between arts and science.

他把爱好和工作区分得很清楚。

这样一个测试可以区别学生的记忆力和分析能力。

以往哲学家们并没有把艺术和科学进行区分。

He draws a clear distinction between his hobbies and his work.

.

Translation Practice

Confine your remarks to the subject of the meeting.

Please confine your use of the telephone to business calls.

They succeeded in confining the fire to a small area.

The tour group is confined to the planned activities.

.

Translation Practice

Mother is much better, thank you, she’s able to get round a bit more.

She get around with the help of a stick.The quickest way to get round the city is by

underground train.News of Helen’s pregnancy soon got around

the office.Stories have been getting round concerning

the government’s secret intentions.

.

Translation Practice

他辞职的消息很快传开了 .

Let’s get round to the back of the house.

在城里乘出租车会更快些。

She could always get round him in the end.

News soon got around that he had resigned.

我们绕到房子背后去吧。

A taxi will get you round the city faster.

最后她总能哄得他依顺她。

.

Translation Practice

“Can you give me a cigarette?” “Sorry, I’ve run out.”

I’m afraid we’ve run out of petrol.He’s running out of patience.He’s always running out of money before pay

day.Mary never runs out of ideas for clever party

decorations.

.

Translation Practice

The company is engaged in a legal dispute with one of its suppliers.

The government and the trade unions are engaged in a war of words.

Politicians should not engage in business affairs that might affect their political judgment.

.

Translation Practice

The two governments have agreed to engage in a comprehensive dialogue to resolve the problem.

这位部长毕生从政。汤姆正忙于计划他的下

一部小说。他们正谈得起劲。

双方政府同意进行全面对话已解决问题。

The Minister has been engaged in politics all his life.

Tom is engaged in planning his next book.

They were engaged in conversation.

.

Translation Practice

A large organization can be slow to adapt to change.

Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style?

Eggs are extremely well adapted to man’s needs. It is difficult to adapt oneself to sudden changes of

temperature.The hospital was quickly adapted to the special

needs of the sick children.Both trees are well adapted to London’s dry

climate and dirty air.

.

Translation Practice

What rate will I get if I convert my dollars into euros?

How much does it cost today to convert pounds into dollars?

The hotel is going to be converted into a nursing home.

I wonder how the team has converted the defeat into a victory.

The oil revenues have been converted into other forms of wealth.

.

Translation Practice

The explanation converted him to our point of view.

This project is to convert coal into pipeline gas.

这张沙发可以变成床。他试图把我变成基督徒。What’s the formula for co

nverting pounds into kilos?

这一解释使他转而接受了我们的观点。

这一工程旨在将煤炭转化为管道煤气。

This sofa converts into a bed.

He tried to convert me to Christianity.

把磅转化成公斤的公式是什么？

.

Grammar: have…done/doing

He _____ his leg ________ (break) in a fall. They soon ____ the engine ____ (go) again. I won’t _____ you _______ (smoke) in the

sitting room. We ought to ____ her _________ (examine)

by the doctor. I must _____ this suit _________ (dry-clean). He _____ his trousers _____ (tear) by a nail.

had broken

had going

have smoking

have examined

have dry-cleaned

had torn

.

Grammar: have…done/doing

Where can I __________ this material _____ (print)?

Please ______ the car ________ (wait) at the entrance.

You’d better _____ that soldier ___________ (discipline).

I can’t _____ my son _____ (do) such a thing. I tried to ____ my son ______ (learn) English. Those plants are not suitable for that part of

the garden. I should ______ them __________ (pull up).

have/get printed

have waiting

have disciplined

have doing

have learning

havepulled up

.

Translation Exercises (1)

把领导人的政策与他们支持者的想法区分开来是很重要的。（ draw a distinction)

It’s important to draw a distinction between the policies of the leaders and the views of their supporters.

在欧洲白色象征纯洁， 但在亚洲却常常是悲悼的象征 .(symbolize)

In Europe , the color white symbolize purity but in Asia it is often the symbol of mourning.

.

Translation Exercises (2)

旅游团只能进行计划内活动 .(confine to)The tutor group is confined to the planned activ

ities. 一旦谣言传开，他再也不会在这个镇上工作了

。 (get around)Once the rumor gets around, he’ll never work i

n this town again.

.

Translation Exercises (3)

他总是没等到发薪水的日子就把钱花完了。He’s always running out of money before payd

ay.他一生致力于促进世界和平，因此获得了诺贝尔和平奖。

He got the Nobel Prize for peace because he was engaged in the promotion of world peace all his life.

.

Translation Exercises (4)

孩子们觉得很难适应住在公寓里－他们想要在院子里玩。

The children have found it difficult to adapt to living in an apartment----they want a garden to play in.

一家瑞士公司发现一种将动物排泄物变成燃料的方法。

A Swiss company has found a way to convert animal waste into fuel.

.

Oral Practice

It’s time for you to share with us your fashion design

Tag line, tag line

Thank you!

The end.