Date post: | 19-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | ella-mills |
View: | 215 times |
Download: | 0 times |
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
1
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
2
Supplement C
Operations Technology
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
3
• Hardware Systems
• Software Systems
• Formula for Evaluating Robots
• Computer Integrated Manufacturing
• Technologies in Services
• Benefits
• Risks
OBJECTIVES
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
4
Hardware Systems
• Numerically controlled (NC) machines
• Machining centers
• Industrial robots
• Automated material handling (AMH) systems
– Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (AS/AR)
– Automate Guided Vehicle (AGV)
• Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS)
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
5
Formula for Evaluating a Robot Investment
WhereP = Payback period in yearsI = Total capital investment required in robot and accessoriesL = Annual labor costs replaced by the robot (wage and
benefit costs per worker times the number of shifts per day)E = Annual maintenance cost for the robotZ = Annual depreciationq = Fractional speedup (or slowdown) factor (in decimals). Example:
If robot produces 150 % of what the normal worker iscapable of doing, the fractional speedup factor is 1.5.
Z)q(LE-LP
IZ)q(LE-L
P
I
The payback formula for an investment in robots is:
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
6
Example of Evaluating a Robot Investment
Suppose a company wants to buy a robot. The bank wants to know what the payback period is before they will lend them the $120,000 the robot will cost. You have determined that the robot will replace one worker per shift, for a one shift operation. The annual savings per worker is $35,000. The annual maintenance cost for the robot is estimated at $5,000, with an annual depreciation of $12,000. The estimated productivity of the robot over the typical worker is 110%. What is the payback period of this robot?
P = I = 120,000 =1.47years L–E+q(L + Z) 35,000–5,000+1.1(35,000+12,000)
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
7
Software Systems
• Computer-aided-design (CAD)– Computer-aided engineering (CAE)– Computer-aided process planning (CAPP)
• Automated manufacturing planning and control systems (MP & CS)
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
8
Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)
• Product and process design
• Planning and control
• The manufacturing process
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
9
Cost Reduction Benefits from Adopting New Technologies
• Labor costs
• Material costs
• Inventory costs
• Transportation or distribution costs
• Quality costs
• Other costs
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
10
Other Benefits….
• Increased product variety
• Improved product features and quality
• Shorter cycle times
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
11
Risks
• Technological risks
• Organizational risks
• Environmental risks
• Market risks
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
12
Question BowlIn operations technology “NC” stands for
which of the following?a. No costb. Non-computerc. Numerically controlledd. All of the abovee. None of the above
Answer: c. Numerically controlled
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
13
Question BowlIn operations technology “AMH” stands for
which of the following?a. Automated manufacturing handlingb. Automated materials handlingc. Automated managed handlingd. Automated manufacturing homee. None of the above
Answer: b. Automated materials handling
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
14
Question BowlIn operations technology “FMS” stands for
which of the following?a. Fast management systemb. Flexibility in materials systemc. Flexibility in materials systemsd. Flexibility, management, and safetye. None of the above
Answer: e. None of the above (Correct answer is Flexible Manufacturing System.)
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
15
Question BowlWhich of the following is the Payback in years
for a robot that costs $100,000, annual labor reduction $30,000, annual maintenance costs $10,000, fraction speedup of 200%, and annual depreciation $10,000?
a. 1 yearb. 2.4 yearsc. 3 yearsd. 4 yearse. None of the above
Answer: a. 1 year
Z)q(LE-LP
I
1)000,10000,30(2000,10000,30
000,100
P
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
16
Question BowlWhich of the following is a production
Software System?a. CADb. CAPPc. CAEd. MP & CSe. All of the above
Answer: e. All of the above
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
17
Question BowlWhich of the following is considered a benefit
of technology investments?a. Labor cost reductionb. Material cost reductionc. Inventory cost reductiond. Quality cost reductione. All of the above
Answer: e. All of the above (Correct answer can also include Maintenance Cost Reduction.)
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004
18
End of Supplement C