The skeletal system Injuries to the skeletal system Diet and the skeletal system

The skeletal system

• The skeletal system includes all the bones in the body.

•It maintains the body’s shape and supports it, keeps it in position, and provides a structure to which muscles are attached.

3 MAIN FUNCTIONS:1. Movement2. Support3. Protection

SUPPORT

Our skeleton offerssupport so we canmove, stand up ,

Sit down etc.

SUPPORT

Our skeleton offerssupport so we canmove, stand up ,

Sit down etc.

3 Functions of the skeleton3 Functions of the skeleton

PROTECTIONOf vital organs

E.g. ribs protect heart& lungs. Can prevent

serious injuryduring sport.

PROTECTIONOf vital organs

E.g. ribs protect heart& lungs. Can prevent

serious injuryduring sport.

MOVEMENTBones meet to form joints, which act at

levers. Tendons attach to bones to muscles enabling

a variety of movements.

MOVEMENTBones meet to form joints, which act at

levers. Tendons attach to bones to muscles enabling

a variety of movements.

The structure of joints

Prevents friction

Lubricates the joint

Movement at joints

Joint movements:

Flexion – the angle at the joint is getting smaller. Extension – the angle at the joint is getting bigger

Adduction – a body part moves towards the centre line of the body

Abduction – a body part moves away from the centre line

Rotation – the movement is spinning or turning

Movement at joints

• Uniaxial joint which allows movement in one direction

• Allows: flexion + extension

• Like hinges on a door

• Found at: elbow + knee

Hinge Joint

• Allows: widest range of movement (all 5)

• Occurs when rounded head of a bone fits into a cup-sized cavity

• Found at: shoulder (scapula + humerus) and hip (pelvis + femur)

Ball and socket joint

Exercise and the skeletal system

Bones grow until you reach approx 18 years.

Exercise can...

Increase bone density Allow ligaments & tendons to become

thicker and stronger.

Weight bearing exercises Bones become lighter and weaker with age.

Osteoporosis is when too much bone is lost, the skeleton becomes weak and bones can break very easily.

Exercise can prevent osteoporosis, particularly weight-bearing exercises such as walking, running, skipping. They put pressure on bones, increasing their strength.

INJURIES TO BONES...

Injuries to the skeletal system

Fractures:

Injuries to the skeletal system

•Stress fractures:

•An ‘overuse injury’ from muscles becoming fatigued and not absorbing shock, OR, from increasing exercise intensity too quickly.

•Activities played on hard surfaces such as basketball, tennis and road running are susceptible to stress fractures.

INJURIES TO JOINTS...

Injuries to the skeletal system

Sprain:

Injuries to the skeletal system

Torn Cartilage:

Injuries to the skeletal system

Dislocations:

When a bone at a joint is forced out of its normal position.

Result of a hard blow causing a bone to be displaced.

The most obvious symptom is deformity and swelling of the joint

Injuries to the skeletal system

Treatment for injuries

The treatment for minor injuries: THE RICE PROCESS:

Rest Ice

CompressionElevation

And Finally....

Diet and the skeletal system

Diet is essential for a strong, healthy skeletal system.

A balanced calcium-rich diet helps bones to grow and increase density (milk, cheese, yoghurt).

Vitamin D is essential to the growth and maintenance of healthy bones and helps absorb calcium.

Smoking and too much alcohol have a toxic effect on bones.