-Thousands of Americans settled between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River by the early 1800s.

-New states such as Kentucky (1792), Tennessee (1796) and Ohio (1803) – states 15 through 17 joined the Union.

-They relied on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to move products and crops to the east coast.

-New Orleans at the mouth of the Mississippi emptying into the Gulf of Mexico was extremely important.

AMERICAN SETTLERS MOVE WEST

-Farm products, furs, and other supplies went to New Orleans to be shipped to markets

-Imported manufactured goods came in to be sent up river.

-Jefferson worried about New Orleans and the Mississippi River being shut down.

-New Orleans as well as Louisiana was in control of the Spanish.

-This area stretched west from the Mississippi River all the way to the Rocky Mountains.

-Spain knew they couldn’t keep the Americans out.

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• Great Britain’s claims in 1783

• United States in 1783

• Spanish land after 1783

Mississippi R

iverSpanisSpanish Land h Land 18001800

New OrleansR

ocky Mountains

•Great Britain’s land after 1783

•United States in 1783

•Spanish land

• New Orleans is a highly desirable port. WHY?

French French Land in Land in 18021802

-Spain gained control of the area after the French and Indian War, but around 1800 in a secret deal gave it back to France and their powerful leader Napoleon.

Rocky M

ountains

Mississippi R

iver

Napoleon Bonaparte, (August 15, 1769 – May 5, 1821)

The Short Dead Dude

Napoleon Bonaparte

LOUISIANA-Spain closed the port of

New Orleans in 1802, shortly before handing it over to France.

-Farmers and westerners called for war against France and Spain.

-Jefferson sent the Robert R. Livingston, U.S. ambassador to France and James Monroe to try and buy New Orleans from France.

Livingston, Founding Father, known as "The Chancellor“

Monroe, Founding Father, minister to France, Great Britian, Senator & Governor of Virginia, Secretary of State, Secretary of War, 5th President of the United States.

NAPOLEON and LOUISIANA-Napoleon conquered much of

Europe and dreamed of rebuilding France’s empire in North America.

-He planned to use the French colony of Haiti in the Caribbean Sea as a supply base and use it to ship troops to Louisiana.

-That all changed when Toussaint L’Overture helped lead a slave rebellion in Haiti.

-Napoleon tried to put down the rebellion in 1802, but was defeated.

-This ended his dream of an empire in America.

Known as the “Black Napoleon”

Toussaint L’Overture

JEFFERSON BUYS LOUISIANA-Monroe and Livingston

offered to buy New Orleans from Charles Talleyrand in 1802 during negotiations in France.

-They were shocked when the Frenchman told them they could buy the entire Louisiana Territory.

-Napoleon was at war again with Great Britain and needed money to buy supplies and fund the war.

-He was hoping a larger, more powerful America would help challenge British power.

French and British Flags

-They accepted immediately, because it was such a great bargain.

-The purchase price was $15,000,000 for the entire area.

-Jefferson was happy about adding the land, but worried, because he was a strict constructionist.

-The Constitution did not mention purchasing foreign lands.

-Being in debt, he also did not want to spend large amounts of public money, but did so, because he believed it was in the best interest of America.

-The Senate approved the deal on October 20, 1803

Price came out to about THREE cents per acre in 1803.$234 million in 2013 dollars, a little less than 42 cents per acre.

828,000 square miles = 529,920,000 acres

Counting natural resources and agricultural value the land is worth about $500 per acre or $300 billion.

LP Constitutional ?

This sparks a large debate:

Did the President have the right to purchase land if it is not expressed in the

US Constitution?Jefferson used implied powersimplied powers or loose loose

constructionconstruction to justify his decision

“It was for the best interest of the nation. It is the case of a guardian, investing the money of his ward in purchasing an important adjacent territory; and

saying to him when of age, I did this for your good; I pretend to no right to bind you; you may disavow me, and I must get out of the scrape as I can: I thought it

my duty to risk myself for you.”

LP Constitutional ?

•Hamilton and the Federalists were against the purchase

•Why? • It could create a population shift and take Federalist power away in

Congress• They feared Jefferson’s vision of

an “agrarian society”“agrarian society”

LP Constitutional ?

•This conflicted with Jefferson’s commitment to debt This conflicted with Jefferson’s commitment to debt reductionreduction

• It facilitated the removal of eastern Native Americans by It facilitated the removal of eastern Native Americans by providing land for their exileproviding land for their exile

• It promised fulfillment of his dream of an agrarian It promised fulfillment of his dream of an agrarian society society

This purchase essentially DOUBLED the size of America!