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10/22 (WEDNESDAY)
TOTD: Have you ever done something that could be considered deviant?
Objectives: Explain deviance from a symbolic interactionist perspective. Describing and applying the components of differential association theory, control theory, and labeling theory
Agenda: Articles/rating on deviance/short notes.
CHAPTER 8: DEVIANCE AND SOCIAL CONTROL
Objectives:Explain deviance from a symbolic interactionist
perspective. Describing and applying the components of differential association theory, control theory, and labeling theory
List and give examples of neutralization techniques
Know from functionalist perspective which functions deviance fulfills in society
Understand Strain theory and discuss its social implications
Understand the role power plays in defining and punishing deviance from a conflict perspective
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVEDifferential Association TheoryEdwin Sutherland (famous American
criminologist)associating with some groups results in
learning an “excess of definitions” of deviance, and, by extension, in a greater likelihood that one will become deviant
what we learn influences us toward or away from deviance
Families, friends, neighborhoods, subcultures all influence us
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVEControl TheoryWalter Recklessidea that two control systems—inner controls
and outer controls—work against our tendencies to deviate
inner controls (conscience, religious principals, ideas of right and wrong, desire to
be good, fear of punishment)outer controls (family, friends, police)
stronger our bonds are with society, the more effective our inner controls are
bonds are based on attachments, commitments, involvements, beliefs
SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTIVELabeling Theorythe view that the labels people are
given affect their own and others’ perceptions of them, thus channeling their behavior either into deviance or into conformity
labels are names and reputations
REJECTING LABELSTechniques of Neutralization: ways of thinking
or rationalizing that help people deflect society’s norms
1. Denial of Responsibility I’m not responsible because…;I couldn’t help my self
2. Denial of Injury I wasn’t wrong because nobody got hurt
3. Denial of a VictimDo you think they deserved it?
4. Condemnation of CondemnersWho are you to talk?
5. Appeal to Higher LoyaltiesI had to help my friends…wouldn’t you do the same thing?
LABELING CONT…
most people resist being labeled deviant, but others revel in it
music, clothing, hairstyleslabeling can become a self-fulfilling
prophecyRoughnecks vs Saints doors of opportunity open for
those with positive labels and close for those with negative labels
10/23 THURSDAY Use your notes from yesterday and
decide which category of denial someone falls into if they beat up a school bully?
Agenda: Finish notes on functions of deviance Articles/levels of deviance Gang Involvement
10/24 (FRIDAY)
What is the difference between inner and outer controls?
Gangs: Most Dangerous in America Go to http://
www.businessinsider.com/dangerous-american-gangs-fbi-2011-11?op=1
GANG INFO:
WHO ARE THEY WHEN DID THEY BEGIN WHERE ARE THEY LOCATED WHY IS THE FBI CONCERNED WITH
THIS GANG? Roughly, HOW MANY MEMBERS DO THEY RECRUIT? How do they get
members?
FUNCTIONALIST PERSPECTIVE
deviance, including crime, is a natural part of society and fulfills necessary functions
Functions of Deviance (Durkheim):1) clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms2) promotes social unity3) promotes social change
STRAIN THEORYRobert Mertonanalyze what happens when people are
socialized into desirable cultural goals but denied the institutionalized means to achieve those goals
ie: people are socialized to be successful, but their paths are blocks because of social class, gender, etc…
being unable to achieve those goals leads to strain (frustration)
this can lead to anomie (sense of normlessness) because some people find it difficult to identify with these norms
This can motivate people to deviant behavior
STRAIN THEORY CONT…
Responses to cultural goals and institutionalized means:
1) Conformity: using socially acceptable means to achieve goals
Or when anomie is present…2) Innovation: accept the goals of society but use
illegitimate means to try and reach them (drug dealer)
3) Ritualism: give up on achieving goals, yet accept the means (burnt-out teachers)
4) Retreatism: reject both goals and means of achieving them (severe alcoholics)
5) Rebellion: reject both goals and means; replace existing goals with new ones (revolutionaries)
SOCIAL CLASS AND CRIME
Street Crime robbery, burglary, drug dealing, prostitution, etclower SES want to achieve cultural goals, but
don’t fit into the institutionalized meansschools are set up based upon middle class
values and ideals; lower SES don’t fit, so many drop out
Illegitimate Opportunity Structure: opportunities for crimes that are woven into the texture of life
for the lower class = street crime “hustling”hustlers are role models and attract
disadvantaged youth into crime
SOCIAL CLASS AND CRIME CONT…
White Collar Crimecommitted by people of respectable and high social
status in the course of their occupationie: bribery, embezzlement, price fixing
Opportunity structures are different, but they still commit crimes
can be more costly than street crime financially costs billions a year (Zeune 2001)unsafe working conditions kill about 100,000 Americans each year, five times the number killed by street criminals
SOCIAL CLASS AND CRIME CONT…
Gender and CrimeWomen are committing a larger
proportion of crimes than they committed in the past
Women are still less likely to commit crime than men
but are committing more and more, particularly white-collar crimes as they enter the professional and corporate world
CONFLICT PERSPECTIVE
power plays a central role in defining and punishing deviance
the group in power uses the law and criminal justice system (system of police, courts and prisons) to maintain its power and privilege over other groups
the fundamental division is between the capitalist class (those who own the means of production) and the working class (those who sell their labor to the capitalist class)