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GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
GENETIC ENGINEERING Transfer of gene/s from one organism to
another/manipulation of DNA/modifying genes of organisms
Can involve gene transfer between organisms from different kingdoms
Organism receiving the gene is thus genetically modified and is known as a transgenic organism
To satisfy your own needs or desires
Humans select organisms/parents with desirable phenotypes and interbreed them to produce offspring with desirable phenotypes e.g. race horses.
Can occur using organisms from the same or different species within a kingdom
Similarities and differences between artificial selection and natural selection
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION – link with evolution
BIOTECHNOLOGY Field of study that uses living organisms
i.e. plants, animals and microbes e.g. yeast and bacteria and their biological processes to develop technology and products aimed to improve the quality of life.
The latest advancements in technology To promote research
SATISFY HUMAN NEEDS THROUGH GENETIC ENGINEERING USING BIOTECHNOLOGY
Stem cell Research Genetic Modification Cloning
STEM CELL RESEARCH Undifferentiated, active dividing cells can
give rise to any other cell types SOURCES: - Embryonic stem cells,
- Blood in umbilical cord/cord blood
- Placenta - Bone marrow
Uses: To replace damaged / diseased cells To treat various disorders / diseases.
GENETIC MODIFICATION Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s) Genetically Modified Foods (GMF’s) Examples: in plants (wheat, maize etc.)
in animals e.g. insulin production
Genes for desirable traits are isolated and inserted into plant cells that will develop into plants with desirable traits e.g. herbicide resistant, pest resistant crops or
Using genetically modified bacteria to carry the gene into plants
GENETIC MODIFICATION – genetically modified crops
GENETIC MODIFICATION – insulin production
CLONING Process where genetically identical DNA,
cell or entire organism is producedExample of process: Remove nucleus (2n) of somatic donor cell Place nucleus into ovum (nucleus removed)
of recipient Ovum with new nucleus stimulated by
means of chemical substances or electric currents to divide
Ovum develop into embryo Cloned embryo transferred into a recipient
CLONING OF ‘DOLLY’ THE SHEEP
REFER TO ACTIVITY (IN WORD DOC)
VIEWS FOR & AGAINST GENETIC ENGINEERING