Commercial Terminology

Analysis Ancillary product Annual return Annual verification Annual yield 1 ,

2 , Anti dumping Anti -inflation Apparels , Arbitration Articles of Agreement , Articles of Association Articles of Merchandise Artisan , , , Assets and Liabilities At par Authentic , Authorised Authority Authority (a body) Authority (a person) Auxiliary capital / Availability , Average Average out turn Balance

Balance in hand , ,

Balance of payment , Balance of trade Balance sheet Barter Barter deals Barter economy Basic cost Basic goods Bilateral / / Bilateral aid Bilateral talks , Bilateral trade agreement / Bill of lading , Bipartite Bivoltine Blanket licence Bond , Bonded warehouse Book value , Bottleneck , Break-even point Break-up Break-up value Broad market , ,

Buffer stock , , Bulk purchase , Bullion market Bumper crop ,

Business , Business associate Business practices / Business precasting Buy- back Buyer s market Canalisation of Imports / Exports / Capacity , designated Capacity , idle Capacity , installed Capacity , rated Capacity under - utilisation Capital , Capital , authorised , Capital , called up Capital equity , Capital, floating Capital , goods Capital ,inflow , Capital , invested Capital , issued , Capital ,nominal Capital, outflow , Capital , outlay Capital , paid up Capital ,resources Capital , subscribed Capital , working Capitalization Cargo handling facilities Cargo worthiness Carpet backing

Cartage , Cash assistance Cash crop Cash incentive Certificate of Merit Certificate of Origin Certificate of Registration , Certificate of weight Certified bill of lading Chemicals and allied products Clandestinely , Classified stock , Closing balance , Cloth , Collaboration Commerce , Commercial concern Commercial credit Commercial relations Commodity , , Commodity study / Commodity survey / Commodity - wise , Commonwealth Tariff Preferences Competition , Consignee , Consignment , , Consignor Consultative Committee C . I . F . value Consumer preference Consumption ,

Container , , Contraband / Contribution , , Convention , Cornering a market Corporate plan , Corporation Cosmetics Cost classification Cost information , Costing , , Cost of operation Cost of production Cost structure Cost study Cottage industry Cotton garments Cotton yarn Countervailing duty Crash programme Credit facilities Crude , , Currency Custodian Custom clearance permit Custom duty Dealer , , Debenture , Debit , , Debt Deemed exports Deferred payment ,

Deficit financing , Delegation , Delivery , Delivered price , Demonetization Depreciation , De- registration of exporters ,

Destination of exporters Devaluation Developed countries Developing countries Disbursement Discount , Distress export Distress sale Diversification , Dividend Domestic consumption , , Down payment Downward trend , Draw-back facilities , on export Dry port Dumping Dutiable goods Duty draw-back Dyes Dynamic market , , Economic blockade Economic depression Economic viability Economy - , , ,

Economy of scale Eligibility certificate Emporium , End product End use Engineering goods Entire contract Entrepot trade Equipment , , - Essential Commodities Act Established shippers Excise duty Execution of contract / , Exempt commodity Exemption Ex- factory price , Ex- gratia payment , Ex- mill price Expanding market Expenditure, overhead Expiration , Exports Export- based industry Export bill of lading Export cargo / Export certificate Export consciousness Export control Export document Export duty Export earnings ,

Export house Export incentive Export invisible Export invoice Export market , Export obligation , Export oriented industry Export promotion Exportable surplus , Export subsidy , Exposition , , , Ex- warehouse , Exproplis Fabrics Face value Feed back / / Financial year , Financing , , Finished goods Fiscal measures Floating capital Floating liability Floor price Foreign exchange , Foreign investment Foreign trade Forward market Free port : , Free Trade Zone Fund , Future market Galloping inflation

Garment Generalised preferences Global quota Global tender Glut in the market Goodwill , Governing Council Grant in -aid Gross loss Gross profit Gross weight , , Guarantee , Handicraft , Handicrafts Handling facilities ,

, Handloom Hanks Hard currency Hard money Heavy market High Seas Hire purchase Holding company Hyper inflation Hypothecation / Immunities , Import Import duty Import entitlement Import restriction , Import substitute /

Import substitution Import surplus Import trade control Importer Importing country Incentive , Indigenous consumption Indigenous production Industrialisation Inflation Inflationary gap Infrastructure , Inputs Inspection Installed capacity Inter - Ministerial : Intra - Competitive In- transit Intra- regional trade Inventory , , Investment Invoice Invoicing Issued capital , Joined venture Juridical Proceedings Key industry Knitwears Know - how Land frontier trade Land locked Lean period

Lease Letter of credit Letter of intent Liabilities , , Licence holder Licenced capacity , Link deals , Liquidation Loading , Local spot market Macro analysis Made - ups , Maintenance , , Maintenance imports Man made fibre industry - Manufacture Manufacturer Manufacturer -exporter Manufacturing Margin Marginal profit , Margin to cost Marine risk , Market , Marketable , Market arrivals / Market condition Market glut , Market information Market penetration Market potential

Market study Market trend / Market value Marking Mass distribution Mass Market Mass production Merchandise mark , Merchandise technique Merchandising Merchant - exporter Merchant marine , Micro analysis - Mill- made Ministerial level conference Mixed economy - Modernisation Monetary area Mopping up of profits Mortgage , Most favoured nation treatment Multi - dimensional Multilateral Multi national Nationalisation Negotiable instrument , Net Net amount Nominal capital Non - availability , , ,

Non-plan , , Non traditional items , No profit no loss basis Obsolete machine Off shore exploration Off take , Off the shelf supply Open general licence Opening balance , Opening stock Operating cost , Optimum level Outlay Output , , , Outstanding , , , Outturn , Overhead capital Overhead cost Overloaded market Overseas buyers Package deal , Package policy , Package programme Packaging , , Paid up capital Partnership Payment , Perishable goods , Pigments , Pipeline , goods in , Plantation Plantation industry

Planting Pre- banned commitment Pre- shipment inspection Price , Price regulation , Price support Pricing Privileges Processed goods , Processing of goods , Producer Product Product development Production Profitability Project export Promotion of exports Promoters ,, Pro- rata Protected industry Protocol , Publicity material Public sector Public sector Undertaking Purchase Quality , , , Quality control , Quality product Quantity Quantum Quotation , Rated capacity

Ratification , Rationalisation , Raw cotton , Raw material Ready delivery Readymade garments / Reasonable return / Rebate , Redemption of mortgage , Re- export Registered exporter Registration Certificate Replacement , Replantation Replenishment Research activities , Reshipment Retailer Saleable , Sample , Sea- born trade Sensitive goods Sericulture industry Set back ( in trade ) ( ) Set off Shadow money Shadow price Shipment Shipper , Shipping , Shipping freight Show room ,

Show window Sick mill , Sight holder Simplification Slump Smuggled goods Smuggling , Soft currency Soft goods Sophisticated machinery , Sophisticated market , Spare parts Special General License Speciality goods Specified Speculative bargain Speculative dealing Speculator Spot market Spot price Spot purchase Spot sale Spot transaction Spurt in prices Square deal Stage flation ( ) Steering Committee Stock , Stock in trade , , Storage , Subscribed capital

Subscription , Subsidy , Sundry creditors Sundry debtors Sundry earnings Sundry payments Sundry receipts Supplementary agreement , Supplementary grants Support price , Surplus , , Synthetic Tare weight , Tariff , Tariff , Discriminatory Tariff ,Preferential Tariff , Protection Tariff , schedule Taxation Tax holiday Tax holiday concession Tax offset Technical consultancy service Tender Term loan , Term of reference Terms of Trade , Textiles Tied loan To write back To write down To write off ,

Token exports Tonnage Trade enquiry Trade fair Trade policy Trade promotion Trade route Trading capital , Traditional items Transaction , , , Transfer deed , Transit , Transportation facilities Treaty Trial offer Tripartite agreement Turn key project , Turnover , Under - invoicing Underwrite , Unexpired Unrecoverable

Value , Value , above par Value, added items / Value, below par Value at par Variable cost , Variable rates of interest Viable mill , , Volume , Voted expenditure

Vulnerable areas / Waiver Warehouse , Warp Water traffic Ways and means Weft Weighment charges , Weight , , Weight average Weighted average rate Weighted index number Wharfage , , Wholesale Windfall income Winding up , Worker , , , Work force , Working capital Working cost Working day , Working partner Working result World wide market Written guarantee , Xenomania Yarn Yearly arrivals , Yield , , , , Zone , , Zoning , , ,

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Accounts and Audit Terminology Abnormal , Absentee Statement Abstract of account , Acceptance Account , , Account Circle Account Code Account procedure Acquittance roll , - Actuals Adjustment Admissible , , Advance , , Advice note , Agreement , Allocation , , Allotment , , Allowance , , Amenities Applicable Apprentice , Appropriation account Appropriation Audit , Arrear bill Article , Assumption of charge - Attestation ,

Audit , Audit instruction , Audit objection Authentic Authorised Authority , Balance , Balance closing Balance opening Bill , , Broadsheet Calendar of returns Capital & Revenue Account Capital cost Cash account , Cash balance Cash book Cash memo , Cash remittance , Casual receipts / Chartered Accountants City Compensatory allowance Classification Classified abstract / Clearance register Closing balance Compilation of accounts Cost Insurance & Freight (value) ( ) Cost plus profit basis Consolidated Contingency Contigent bill ,

Contributory Provident Fund , Controlling Officer , Credit , , Debit , Debitable , Defalcation , Deficiency Deposit , Depreciation Deputation Detail Book , Disbursement Discrepancy , , Dividend Effective Efficiency Embezzlement Emoluments Entry , Estimates , Exchange , foreign Exchange , rate of Ex- post facto sanction Final drawal Financial concurrence Financial irregularity Financial propriety Foreign service , , General Provident Fund Head of account , detailed , Honorarium Imprest

Income tax Increment , Indent Inspection report , Justification Ledger , Length of service , Letter of credit , , Lien , , Life certificate Liquidated damages Liquidation Loan Local audit , / Major head Man days , , Mercantile Minor head Monthly report Mortgage No demand certificate Non- plan , , O. B. advances , Objection Book Officiating pay Opening balance Pay order / Pay scale Pay slip Permanent advance Personal pay Post audit

Post review , Pre-audit - , Probationer Proforma account Proviso Provisional payment Public Accounts Committee Qualifying service Quarantine leave Quasi permanent Reconciliation of Account - / Recoupment Recovery Recurring expenditure Rectification Refund Remission of revenue Remittance Renewal Return of income Retirement , Retrenchment slip , Retrospective effect Sanction , Settlement , , Schedule Source of income / Specimen signatures Standard rent Statement , , , Stock , Stock article

Stock book rate Stock in trade Subscriber , , Subscription , , Superannuation Super tax Surety , Suspense account , Suspense head Suspension , Tax , assessment of Test audit Transaction , , Transfer , , Transfer entry Unauthorised Utilisation certificate Verification certificate Voucher ,

Insurance Terminology Absence , Abstention from work / Abstract , Acceleration of disease Accept Accident frequency rate Accident report / Accumulate / Accuracy of statement Act Action Added peril Adjustment , Administration of drugs Affidavit , Aggravation of Allotment of insurance numbers Alternative evidence Amount realised Annexe Antecedents Appeal Appellate Medical Board Appointed Day Appropriate office

Arrears Artificial limbs Assessment of disability At par Autonomous body Average Wage Balance , Beneficiary , Benefit , Benefit file / Benefit period Blank form Block of insurance numbers Board , Calculation Capacity , Capitation fee / Cash benefit Cash remittance Category , Centre Central rules Certificate box Certificate, Ist / intermediate / final /death / medical / identification

/ / / /

Certification Cessetion of employment Challan Chronological order Claim Claimant , Classification

Class of establishments Clause , Clinic Code number Comments Commercial , Commissioner Commuted value Compensation , Complaint Confidential Confinement Consecutive , Construction Contagious disease , Contigious area , Contigency , Continuation sheet , Contract for service Contractors employees Contribution Contribution card Contribution period Contribution stamp Contributory negligence / Control chart Convicted Conviction Corporation Correction slip Counter claim , Counter signature

Countersigned Coverage Covered under the Act / Covered factory Debarred Decision Declaration Form , defective Defaulter , Delegation of powers Dependents Dependents Benefit Diagnosis Diagnostic centre , Disablement / Disability : , Disbursement Discharge from work / Dispute Disqualified Docket Documentary evidence Documents , , Double registration Duplicate identity card Duration , , Earning capacity Employees contribution Employees Insurance Court Employees state Insurance dispensary / Employer special contribution Employment , ,

Employment injury Enforcement , Establishment Evidence , Exemption Exit card Ex- officio Expected confinement Expert opinion Ex- post facto approval Extend , , Extended sickness benefit Extension of the ESI Act /

Extent Facsimile signature Factory , Factory premises / / Factory worker , False statement / Family Identity card Fatal accident Female First aid Franking machine Hospitalisation Identification , Identity card Identity slip Immediate employer Implementation of the Scheme Implemented area

Incapacity Incapacity reference Indemnification Index card Industrial area Industrial establishment Initial registration Injured person Injury Injury , fatal / minor /serious / Inspection Instalment number Insurable employment / Insurable population Insurance number Insured person Insured population Inter- regional transfer Invalidated Investigation officer Investigation Judicial Inquiry Jurisdiction Labour Court Labourer , Lax certification Leaflet , Legitimate , Levy Liabilities , Liquidation Loading - unloading

Local audit Local Committee Location , , Loss of earning capacity Loss of wages Lumpsum , Machine Major , Male Malignant diseases / Manufacturing process Marital status Maternity Maternity benefit Medical Acceptance Card Medical aid / Medical arrangement / Medical benefit / Medical Benefit Council Medical Board Medical care Medical certificate / Medical checkup Medical practitioner Medical Record Card Medical Record Envelope Mental diseases Midwife , Minor , Natal care pre/ post / Negligence , , Negligence contributory

Negligence gross Night shift Nominee Non- commercial Non- competitive Notice of accident Notification Numerical order Oath Occupation , , Occupational disease Opposite party , Option Organisation , Owner Ownership Panel system Partial disablement benefit Payment of benefit / Payment of wages / Percentage of loss of earning capacity Perennial factory Peril , added Permanent total disability Period , , Periodicity Periodic visits Power , Practice , Practitioner / Precedent Precincts

Preliminaries Premises factory Presiding officer Preventive measures Principal employer Procedure , Process, manufacturing Progress control chart Proof Prosecute , Prosecution , Provisional , Provisions , Protection , , Proviso , Provoke Publicity Punching Punishment Pursuance Quadruplicate , Quorum , Re- adjustment Reconstitution Recovery Reduction , Re- employment Refund Regional Board Registered , Registration , Re- imbursement

Re- insurance Relaxation , , Remit Removal from service Remuneration Re- organization Report , annual / Representation Resentment Restricted medical care Resumption of work / Return , Revalidation Revenue demarcation Review Committee Right Rubber stamp Safety device Safety guard , Schedule , Scheme Seasonal factory / Security Setting up of Settlement , , Sets A, B,C / , , Shift Sickness Sickness benefit Skilled workman Sparse area ,

Specialist Specified , Specimen signature Spell , Sphere of duty Standing committee State Statement , Stress & strain of work Subscription , Succession certificate Surety Suspend , Suspension Target date Temporary disablement benefit Term , , , , Time barred Trade Union , Tribunal Tripartite body / Unemployment insurance / Valuation , Viscera Visible injury / Wage bill / Wages / Waiting period Waiving of recovery Want of evidence Weeding out Wholetime dispensary / Wilful disobedience

With Retrospective effect , Worker , , , Workman , Write off Zone

Banking Terminology

Advertisement Expenses Adhoc charges Audit fees Assests written off Accounting policies Auditors report Analysis Authorised Capital Advertisement Barden / Borahs / palli / / Bonus for the year Bonus for the previous year Building Maintanance Brokerage on sales Books , Periodical & Subscription , Business promotion in rural areas Balance being loss carried down Balance Carried down Book debt Bank borrowings Budgeted Estimate / provision / Allocation / / Bank reconciliation statement Balance as per cash book / pass book / Band and doubtful debt written off , Cartage & transport Commission on purchase Cost of coir

Cutting & Opening charges Conveyance to staff Contribution of provident fund Contribution to Gratuity fund C & F Charges Commission on export sales Consullation charges ( Legal arbitration fees) ( ) Company Law matters Conveyance Cotton seed sowing expenses Computer Maintenance Compensation for cancellation of contracts Carrying charges - Domestic / Carrying charges - Export / Car recoveries Closing Stock Debit side Domestic / Discount / , Demurrage charges / Doubtful debts Doubtful advance Depreciation Dami on cotton seed sold Domestic Sales , Entry Tax Encashment of leave / Education Training Expenses Export

Export Duty Electricity& water Charges Entertainment Expenses Field allowance Foreign tour Expenses Fumigation Charges Ginning & processing charges Ginning charges Grading charges Guest house Godown Guest House Expenses Guest House Receipts Insurance Insurance Premium Intransit Insurance Premium Insurance Other Insurance Godown Inland Tour Interim Relief Incentive facilities to staff for sterilization

Interest Income Labour / Hamali charges / Leave salary contribution Lunch allowance Labour charges (Casual labour) ( ) L . T . C . (Leave Travel Concession ) Liverise to Staff Licence fees Legal & professional fees

Loss on sale of assets Mandi Dalali Market fees / cess / Medical Expenses Miscellaneous Income Miscellaneous Expenses Notice pay received Opening Stock Octroi Other processing charges Octroi charges Officiating allowance Overtime allowance Other allowance On fixed loans (Govt. loan) ( ) Others Office Expenses Officiating allowance Profit & Loss account Purchase of Bales Purchase Purchase of kapas Purchase of lints Purchase Tax Pressing charges Passing charges Personal pay Postage, Telegrams , & telex , Printing & stationary Public Relation & Publicity Provision for Doubtful Debts & advances

Provision on export claim Provision for Taxation Profit on sale of assets Provision for Doubtful Debts. Professional fees Retrechment / Compensation allowance / Rent / Rent office Rent Residential Rail / Road Freight / Rates & Taxes Remuneration to auditors Repairs & Renewals Stacking / Hamali / Sales- Tax Stacking & distacking charges / Stamping / Marking charges / Stitching charges Salary allowance & Bonus Staff wages Staff benefit fund Expenses Selling , Distribution & Forwarding Expenses / Sales ( export ) () Survey & Supervision charges Sample Testing Staff Car Expenses Stock Transefer ( Inward ) ( ) Sales / Sales of F. P. Bales - Domestic ( )

Sales of kapas

Sale of cotton seed Sale of lint Security Deposit forfeited Service charges Storage charges Trade Expenses Tax Audit fees , Telephone Expenses Tarpaulin written off Tender fees Travelling Expenses Weighment Charges Washing allowance

Budget Terminology

Capital employed Capital structure Carrying charges / Carried forward Cash credit limit Credit outstanding Contingent Liability Current Liability Current Assets Chartered Accountants Current Assets Loans & Advances Considered good Considered doubtful Certification work Cost and trade trends / Cost of sales Demand Deferred revenue expenditure Deposit Depreciation written off Debit Outstanding Debit Advice Debit Entry Estimated Production Entertainment Expenses Equity Fixed Assets Financial position Groupings

Govt. loan instalment Interest accured and due Liquidity and Solvency Managerial Remuneration Manpower Development Non- mill consumption Outstanding Advances Opening Balance Overdraft Observation Outstanding Liability Office Equipments Plant & machinery Profit brought down Physical verification Provisional Accounts Paid- up- Capital Quarterly Monthly Trading A/c. Realisable Value Revalued Restructuring of Share Capital Reserves and Surpluses Review of overhead Expenses Statutory Auditors Supplementary Report Stock Valuation / Sundry Debtors Sundry Creditors Secured Loans / Schedules / Sundry Advances Sundry Expenses

Vigilance Terminology

Admission of guilt Adjournment Allegation Argument Anonymous Applettee Authority / As evident from . . . . Budgeted out- turn Carrying charges CCI (CDA) Rules ( ) Climate Climatic conditions Connivance , Concurrance Criminal investigation Cross- examination Contravention of rules Counter check Common proceedings Defence Assistance Delinquent official Deposition Disciplinary authority Disciplinary action Discrepancy Downward trend Examination /

Examination - in chief Experimental out turn Exercise of powers , Ginning & Pressing Inquiry Authority Inquiry Officer Investigation Irregularities Joinder of charges Lacuna / Leading question Listed documents Loosing / gaining of moisture Major penalty Manipulation Matured / / Memorandum of Chargeseet Micronaire Misappropriate Miscellaneous items Misjoinder Natural justice , Oral Inquiry Preliminary Inquiry Prejudice , , Prosecution Presenting officer / Prosecution witness / Pseudonymous Read over and accepted as correct Realistic Re- examination : ,

Recorded warning Review appeal , , Revocation Shortages Show cause notice Specified Subsistance allowance Statement of imputation of misconduct or misbehavior

Suspension Suspended Temperature fluctuation Trial out turn Ulterior motive Variation / Vigilance point of view Weighment Whole time / With comulative effect / Without cumulative effect / Writ Petition Written brief

Words with more than one meaning should be used with care as per contex t Accommodation / Account / Act / Address / / / /

Administration / Advance / / Allowance / Amount / Appreciation / / Article / / Attach / Authority / / Duty / Economy / Endorse / / Entertain / Exchange / / Commission Firm / / Freight / Grant / Credit / / / / Charge / / / Change / Delivery / /

Discharge / Draft / Increment / Interest / / / Issue / / / ( ) Major / Matter / / Measure / Minor / / Minority / / Nominal / / Obligation / / Office / Official / Policy / In order / Over due / / Paid / Pass / Periodical / Plan / / Post / / / / Posting / / / Present / / Provision / / / Resume : / Return / Service / / Settlement / / / Sign / Slip / Special Issue / /

Spread / / / External Loan / Management / Maturity / / Public / / / Production / Negotiate ( ), Leave / Object / / / / Obligatory / Occupation / Payment / Order / / Outstanding / Correspondent / Parent / Pay / / Plant / Plot / / / Point / / Premium / Principal / / / Release / / / Retired / Right / Save / Scale / Security / / Society / Spot / / Statement / / Statistics /

Supplement / Temporary accommodation / Tenure / Title / Transaction / Transfer / / / Uniform / Subscribe / / Technical / Tenancy

List of Ministries Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Commerce Ministry of Communication Ministry of Defence Ministry of Education and Social Welfare Ministry of Electronics Ministry of Energy Ministry of Environment and Forests Ministry of External Affairs Ministry of Finance Ministry of Food and Civil Supplies Ministry of Foreign Trade and Supply Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Ministry of Home Affairs Ministry of Human Resource Development Ministry of Industry Ministry of Industrial Development Internal Trade and Company Affairs

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Ministry of Information and Broadcasting Ministry of Labour Ministry of Law and Justice Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs Ministry of Personnel , Public Grievances & Pensions

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Ministry of Petrolium and natural Gas Ministry of Planning Ministry of Programme Implementation Ministry of Railways

Ministry of Science and Technology

Ministry of Shipping and Transport Ministry of Space Ministry of Steel and Mines Ministry of Textile Ministry of Tourism Ministry of Transport Ministry of Urban Development Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Welfare

Hindi forms of the Latin words used in Administration

Ab initio Actus reus , Ad hoc Ad infinitum , Ad Libitum Ad interim : Adl item Ad valorem Alibi , Alieno solo Aliter Animus , ,Animus possidendi Animus revertendi Autro fois convict Autro fois acquit Bona fide , Carte blanche Causa causans Causa sine qua non

Causus belly Contra Corpus delicti Coup detat , Damnum sine (absque) injuria Data

De facto : , De jure , Delegatus not potest delegare

De Novo Ejusdem generis Ex gratia Ex nudo pacto non oriur actio Ex officio Ex pacto illicito non oritur action Ex parte Ex post facto , Ex turpi causa Factum Valet Falsus in uno , falses in omnibus Fait accompli Fait justitia Fait justitia ruat Coelum Functus officio Ibidem , Ignorantia legis neminem excusat In extenso , In forma pauperis In limine In loco parent/s In memorium In pari delicto In pari materia In personam Injuria sine damno Intelligible differentia Inter alia

Inter set , In toto : Intra vires Ipso Facto , Ipso jure Lis pendens Lacus standi Mala fides , Mala in se : Mala prohibita Mens rea : Mesne profits : Modus operandi Mutatis mutandis Nexus Non compos mentis Notabane (N. B.) Novos actus interveniens Obiter dicta Pari passu Pendente lite , Per annum Per Capita , Per diem Per mensem , Per stripes Persona designata Persona grata , Persona non grata , Prima facie , : Pro rata : Pros and cons

Pro tanto Proprio vigore Quid proquo ( benefit theory) Quode vide Raism detro (reason or justification for ) Reductio ad absurdum , Res gestae Res ipsa loquitur Res nullius Sine die Sine qua non Solatium , , Status quo Sub judice Supprressio verl , Suggestio falsi , Sui Juris , , Uberrimae fide Ubi jus ibi rebedium , Ultra vires , Viva voce ,

- Sales & Purchases Terminology

Agreement , Approval Actual out-turn Actual shortage Auction Arrival , Ascertained Accumulation , , Additional credit Analysis Assessment Admissibility , , Alarming Assurance , , Allocation Average rate Actual weight , Arbitration , Average quality , Bales Bales weighment Full pressed Bales (F.P.Bales) : Bales unsold Bales approved Bidding slip Budgeted expenses Base rate

Below average quality Buyers Account Cotton purchase Cotton seed , Crop year , Cotton seed invoice Cotton seed stock position, Daily Cotton seed sales contract Cotton seed stock & sales Register Carrying charges /- Cotton seed statement, weekly Credit balance Constrained , , Confidential reports Context Category Consortium , , Contractual Centre Cotton seed rate Candy , Cotton seed realizable , Ceiling rate given Contract review Commercial price Commercial purchase Daily kapas purchase report Daily labour report Debit balance Deems fit / Delivery order Discrepancies

Deprived Deterioration Delinting , Daily inward register Daily outward register Downward trend Declining market rate , Damage Delivery Export purchases Estimated out-turn Estimated shortage Earnest money deposit Enhancement/appreciation of value Eligible , , Flouting the instruction Hypothecation , Honour cheque Heap proforma Hamals , Heap Heaping Heapwise result Hessian cloth / Heavy losses Gunny bags Ginning Godown , Grading , , Generator facility Guidelines Iron hoop

Insurance Insurance premium Insured return Incidental charges Imprest money Intervene / / Inadmissibility / Implement Indifferent attitude Insurance statement, weekly Information letter, saude Jurisdiction Kapas bora picking Kapas pala Kapas rotator Kapas bag Kapas input Kapas output Kapas purchase payment bill Kapas weighment / Kapas lifting Kapas feeding machine Kapas (raw cotton) sample Kapas weighment Register Kapas heap Kapas opener Kapas purchase payment bill Loading /Unloading / Late lifting charges / Lint Lint percentage

Lot Labour attendance register, weekly Lint selection Lint pala Lint market rate Lint parity Mandi tax payment Mandi slip Manual of accounts Market highest rate Market lowest rate Market position / Market rates of F.P. Bales Market trend Marking / Medium term / Modification Momentum / Negative reply Negotiation - Name of seller Name of buyer Name of cultivator Out turn Over leaf Outstanding Priority basis Positively , Patronise , , Prefix , Proceed , Progressive purchases

Previous purchase Proforma expenses Prevailing Proposition , Prorata Pressing /() Pala making Processing Packing , Padtar per candy Progressive padtar per candy Provisions / / Payment Packing pressing of bales Participation , Purchases Purchase report Purchase review Purchase bill Purchase telegram - Purchase strategy/Policy - Premium Quantum Quotation , // Queries Quantity , , Quality Roller gin Review Contract review Review report Rate

Local market rate , Realizable Realized cotton seed Report Weekly purchase report Fortnightly purchase report Monthly purchase report Recovery Roller Reconciliation , , Representation Ratification Recovery effected Receipt, stamped receipt , Release on credit Steep increase Stipulated time Stock/goods Stock, sold / Substantial quantity Sub-standard Suffix , , Summary statement Supervision Support price Sweepage , Sweeping/gathering , Sales Sales Strategy/policy Saleable Sample Sample advice

Sample bale Sample delivery Sample, type , Saw-gin Schedule / Scrutiny Season Seed stuff Serious lapse Shortage , , Shortage, actual Slip Specific comment Specification Staking Staking, De Staking, Re Staking charges Target Tarpaulins , Testing of samples Testing results Tender system Time barred -, - Transport memo Transport payment Transit insurance Transportation , Trash contents Trend Undertaking obtained Unilaterally , -

Unginned kapas Unloading Upward trend Usance bill Utilisation certificate Variation Weekly statement Wages / Warehousing Willingly Weigh Weighing scale Weight Weighment book Weighment slip Weight of pressed bales Weight, sale

Administrative Terminology

Abbreviation Ability Abnormal Abroad Absentee statement Absolute , , Absorb , Acceptable Accessory , Accord Accordingly Accumulated Balance , Achievement Acknowledgement , Acquire , Actual Addition , Additional , Ad hoc Adjournment Adjustment Advice , , Affidavit , Affix , Agenda - Agreement , Aided

Allocation , Allowance , Alteration Alternate Amendment Amenities Analogy Analysis Annexure , Applicable Applicant Application -, , Approval Arrears Assumption of charge At par Authorised Authority , Background Bad Debt , Basic Pay Benefit , Bilateral Blending , Blocked Capital Board of Directors Bonafied , Breach of Contract Breach of discipline Budget provision Bulk Bye-Law ,

By-Force , , By order of By product By return post By virtue of , , By way of , Cadre , Calculation , Call for Canalised Capacity Certificate - Certificate, Medical - Certificate of fitness - Certificate of posting - Certified Cess Challan Channel , Channel through proper Charge Sheet Chronological order , Clarification Classification Compensation / Competent Authority Concerned Concession / Concurrence Condemn // Condone Conduct , -

Conduct Rules Confidential Confirmation / Conformity Consent , Consider Consideration, under Consolidated Context , Contingency fund Continue Controller Co-operative Co-ordination , - Correspondence , - Corresponding , Cross examination Culprit , Cumulative Custom duty Daily Allowance Damage , , Day to day work , Dead account Dealing Clerk Dearness allowance Debenture , Debit Deceased Decimal Decree , Deduction

Deferred payment Degree Delegation of powers Demi-Official , Demurrage Departmental Promotion Committee Depreciation Deterioration , , Devaluation Developed, under Devotion Die , Die in harness Direct recruitment Disability , Disadvantage , Disallow Disbursement , , Disparity , Disposal , Distinguished Diversification , Document -, , Documentary proof / Due date Due course, in - Duplicate , Duration Duty , Duty free : Duty, stamp- Earnest money

Economical Economist Economy Efficiency bar Effective Emergency Emergency measures Emoluments Empower , Encashment , Enclosure , Encourage Encroachment Enhanced , Ensuing Enter into an agreement , Entertainment tax Entrepreneur Estimate , Evaluation Ex-cadre post Exception Excess , Exchequer Excise duty Excise Export Excise Import Exclusive dks , Executive powers Ex-gratia Exigency

Ex-officio Ex parte , Expected , Expedite , , Expeditious action Face value Fact, in- Failing which Fair letter Favourable File an application , Final decision Financial approval Financial concurrence Follow up action Formal , Forthcoming Forthright , Framework , Fundamental Rules Furnish , , Further action Gazette Gear up General Meeting Generally :, : Give effect to Governing body Government Undertaking Grant Gratuity Grievance

Group Insurance Guarantee Halting allowance Handling charges - High powered House Building advance Immediate effect, with- Immediate officer Imperative , Implementation Imprest Improper , Inability In accordance with In addition to In any case In any form In connection with In compliance with In due course In duplicate In good faith In lieu of , In public interest In the event of In toto , : In transit , In view of , , Incentive Inception , Incharge Incidental charges

Income Tax Inconvenience Incorporate Incumbent Indiscipline Industrial dispute Industrial relations Inefficiency , Inevitable In force , Infrastructure Initial Initials In order of merit In order to In pursuance of Input , Inspector Instruction , Insufficient , Interest , Invalid , Irregular , - Irrelevant , Irrespective of Irresponsible - , Issue , , , , ,

Joining date - Joining period - Joining report - Joint Committee

Joint council Joint representation Judicial Inquiry Keep in touch , Keep in abeyance , Key industry Key post Key projects Knowledge & belief Land mark Land mortgage Language, Official Lapse, Administrative Last pay certificate - Latest , / Lay down Lead Bank / Leave, Causal Leave, Commuted Leave, Compensatory Leave, Earned Leave, encashment of Ledger -, Legal notice Letter of authority - Letter of Credit - Liaison Officer Limit Loading Lodge a complaint Lump sum Maintain account

Maintenance , - Maintenance allowance , - Make available , Mal practice , Man hours - Manipulation -, Mark Market future Market easy Market firm Market Regulated Market Steady Means and ends Measure precautionary Medical assistance Medical certificate - Memorandum , - Minority , Minutes of the meeting Misapprehension Misappropriation , Miscellaneous , - Misconduct , Monopoly More or less -, Most immediate Most urgent , Movable property Multi purpose Mutual National Nationalisation

Native place Nature of work Necessary action Necessary report Needful , Neglect of duty , Negligence Negotiation Committee Negotiation , Net result Nevertheless , No confidence No demand certificate - Nominee Non-Statutory , No objection certificate - Norm Notable , , Notification Not later than Not withstanding , Null & void Obedient Objectionable Obligatory , Octroi Offer , Office bearer Office copy Office hours Official , , On account of

On behalf of On the contrary On probation Order , , Orderly , Original Outline , Output , Outstanding , , Over-head charges , Overleaf Over payment Over sight , Owing to Pay structure - Penal code Penal interest Performance - , Periodical , Personal , Personnel Physical , , Parity , Par value Pay , Payable Physical verification Plant , Practice, in Prima facie Primary , Prior approval ,

Proportionate , Proposal Proposed Pros & cons - Provide , Provident fund Public notification Qualified , Quality , Quota Reaction Recommendation Reformation , Regular Rehabilitation Rejoinder , Remuneration , Representation , Required , Requisite , Retrenchment , Retrospective , Revaluation Sale deed Sale proceeds Salient points Sanction Sanctioned budget Sanctioning authority , Saving Scheme Sealed tender Sealing wax

Self contained : Self defence Self explanatory : , Settlement , Short notice Short term course Small Saving Scheme So far as possible Specimen Signature Standardisation Stay order Sub-committee Sub-contract -, - Sub-head of account Subsistance allowance Substitute Suitable candidate Sundry expenses , Surcharge Surety bond Surplus Suspend from service Take over Target Tariff -, , Technique Telegraphic address Termination of service Term of office Through proper channel Till further orders Timed programme

To the contrary / Travelling allowance Transit , Travelling concession Tribunal, labour Unacceptable Unauthorised , Unclaimed , Unconditional Under intimation to this office Under mentioned , Undetermined value Unless the context otherwise Until further order Up to date , , , Urgently required , Utilisation Validity Value par Variation Verification , Violation Virtue of, by the , , Voucher Wage structure Waiting list Wear and tear - Weeding (of records ) ( ) Where as Whole, as a Wilful negligence - Will ,

With holding With immediate effect , With retrospective effect , , Work load Year, calendar Year end Year, financial Yield , , Yours truly / Yours faithfully / Yours sincerely / Zonal Office Zonewise

- Hindi equivalents of English Expressions commonly used in noting

Above mentioned , , Acceptance is awaited Accepted on trial basis Accepted provisionally Accord approval/sanction to / According to Bijak, cost works out to .. .. at the market rate

.. ..

According to the rules in vogue Acknowledge receipt of the letter Acknowledgement is awaited Action as at A above Action has already been taken in the matter Action has not yet been initiated Action is under way Action may be taken accordingly Adjournment is not likely to be granted this time

Advance arrangements are necessary Advance from pay/provident fund is permissible / Advance for purchase of stationery may be sanctioned

-

Advance of T.A. may please be arranged

Advise accordingly Advise further development

After discussion - Agenda is sent herewith Allotment from the quota reserved Apart from this Appear for interview Appended herewith / Approval may be accorded Approved as proposed - Approved subject to the objection in para 2 above 2

Arrangements are being made to ensure timely submission of report

/

Arrear report has not been received As against , As compared to As already pointed out As a matter of fact , As and when As an exceptional case As desired in your letter quoted above As far as permissible As hereinafter provided As it involves legal complications, opinion of Law Officer may be sought in the matter

,

As laid down in the rules As nearly as possible As per extant orders As per rules : // As regards As regards the particular matter in question

As usually done in such cases :

Attached herewith Attention is invited to circular/office memo No.. dated. on the subject noted above

... . / ...

At the maximum of the scale Authorisation letter with specific signature of the bearer

()

Ban on further promotion Behind schedule Bill outstanding Bills for signature, please Bills have been drawn Budget provision exists By and by -/ : Call for explanation / Call upon to show cause Certificate by the competent authority is required - Checked and found correct Claim is time barred Compliance with orders is still awaited Concurrence of the Finance Branch is necessary Copy forwarded to for information and necessary action

..

Correspondence resting with your D.O. letter No. .

- ...

Damage was caused by fire Decision is awaited Delay in disposal /

Delay should be avoided Departmental action is in progress Discrepancy may be reconciled Do the needful Draft, as amended, may issue Due to dislocation of traffic Duly sanctioned Early orders are solicited Effective steps should be taken to clear the arrears

Eligible candidate Employee requests that Empowered to sanction Entry in leave account /service record for initials please

/

Examine the proposal in the light of observation at A above

Ex-gratia payment Expedite submission of report Ex-post facto sanction Facilities are not available Facts of the case in brief are as follows: : Figures for the corresponding period of the last year are not readily available

Final concurrence is accorded Fix a date for the meeting Following employees are confirmed in their existing posts with effect from .

...

Following transfers and postings will take effect immediately

For compliance / For concurrence, please For early compliance For information and guidance For reasons stated in para.. ... Funds are available within sanctioned budget / Further communication will follow Get clarification of the staff concerned Give top priority to this work Has been dealt with suitably Has represented that his pay may be fixed in accordance with new rules

...

His request is in order I am directed to state that If approved, a letter will be sent on the above lines ,

I have satisfied myself that the employee is not at fault

In acknowledging receipt of .... In anticipation of your approval In any special case In confirmation of .. ...... In continuation of this office letter No. . .... In connection with . .. .. In consultation with .. In course of checking In each case In full and final payment In good faith ,

In lieu of In pursuance of Inspite of repeated reminders, the information has not been received so far

-

In the event of , In the interest of In the meanwhile , In this connection it may be pointed out that In view of the circumstances In view of what has been stated above, I agree with the note above

,

Irrespective of Is self-explanatory : It has been noticed that It has been revealed that It has since been decided It is a matter of regret that It is difficult to proceed with the case It is obvious that Justification has been accepted Keeping in view Kindly expedite disposal Kindly instruct further Kindly review the case Liable to disciplinary action Liable to termination on one weeks notice

Make interim arrangements Matter has been examined May be approved

..May be asked to offer remarks .. May be informed accordingly May be sanctioned / May please furnish the requisite information Necessary correction may be carried out Necessary provision exists No funds are available No progress has been made in the matter Noted for future guidance Objection is not valid On humanitarian grounds On the ground of seniority On verification it was found that Orders of the competent authority are required Payment of wages was delayed Pending adjustment Pending confirmation Personal hearing Please confirm Please investigate and report Please report as how the matter now stands , Please submit your explanation on or before ...

Postpone for the present Progress is too slow

Purchase may be approved Put up draft of D.O. to all heads of departments -

Put up for perusal please Quote reference Reasons for delay be explained Reasons for variations are given below - Refer the matter to the Board for orders Relevant papers to be put up Reply overdue Required information is furnished herewith Requires modification / Resubmitted as desired Revised draft is submitted herewith as desired Rule was not enforced rigidly Sanctioned as special case Sanction of the competent authority may be obtained

Service agreement has been executed Should be given top priority Statement has been recorded Subject to the approval of ... Subject to the condition of . ... Submitted for approval Sufficient notice has not been given

Supply does not confirm to the approved sample Tenders have been invited / There is no cause to modify the orders already passed

/

This has reference to this office earlier correspondence at Sr.No.

.. -

This is not admissible under the rules This is in accordance with the existent rules This may please be approved This requires administrative approval This requires your personal attention This sanction will operate with effect from . ... Under his signature Urgent attention may please be given Urgently required / Will be dealt with severely Without assigning any reason You are hereby informed that Your further remarks/view on the above subject are awaited

/

Your reply should reach this office by at the latest

....

Yours faithfully Yours sincerely

- Important Designations of Audit and Accountants Department

Controller and Auditor General of India Accountant General Senior Deputy Accountant General Additional Accountant General Accounts Officer Audit Officer (Com.) () Administrative Officer Section Officer Auditor S.A.S. Accountant Divisional Accountant Deputy Accountant General

Full Hindi Forms of various abbreviations in English

AFRAOEC Afro -Asian Organisation for Economic Co-

operation -

AIHB All India Handicrafts Board AIMO All India Manufacturers Organisation APC Agricultural Price Commission ARE Arab Republic of Emirates ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations - ATIRA Ahmedabad Textile Industry Research

Association

AU Actual User BPE Bureau of Public Enterprises BSM Buyer-Seller Meets BTRA Bombay Textile Research Association CA Chartered Accountant C & AG Controller & Auditor General CCC Custom Co-operation Council - CCE Cabinet Committee on Exports CCEC Cabinet Committee on Economic Co-ordination

CCI Cotton Corporation of India CCI & E Chief Controller of Imports & Exports CCIC Central Cottage Industries Corporation

CCP Customs Clearance Permit CCS Cash Compensatory Support CFTC Commonwealth Fund for Technical Co-

operation

CG Capital Goods CPA Cocoa Producers Alliance CPP Contact Promotion Programme CRC Commonwealth Relations Committee CSB Central Silk Board CMD Chairman-cum-Managing Director CTP Commonwealth Tariff Preference DCCI & E Deputy Chief Controller of Imports & Exports - DDC Duty Drawback Committee DEEC Duty Exemption Entitlement Certificate DGCI&S Director General of Commercial Intelligence

and Statistics

DO Demi-Official - DP Terms Documents against payment Terms DTC Diamond Trading Corporation DTR Daily Trade Returns EC Act Essential Commodities Act ECAFE Economic Commission for Asia & /Far East

() ECGC Export Credit & Guarantee Corporation ECM European Common Market

ECOSOC Economic and Social Council EEC European Economic Community EFTA European Free Trade Association EIC Export Inspection Council ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and

the Pacific

ESCC Export Services Co-ordination Committee FAO Food and Agricultural Organisation FAS Free Alongside Ship : FCI Food Corporation of India FERA Foreign Exchange Regulation Act FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce

and Industry

FIEO Federation of Indian Export Organisation FOB Free on Board : FOR Free on Rail : GATT General Agreement on Tariff and Trade

GCA General Currency Area GSP Generalised Scheme of Preferences HHEC Handicrafts & Handlooms Export Corporation

IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency

IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

ICA International Commodity Agreement or Arrangement

ICA Indian Council of Arbitration ICAC International Cotton Advisory Committee ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation ICB International Commodity Body ICC International Chamber of Commerce ICD Inland Container Depot ICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade

Union

ICICI Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India

ICITO Interim Commission for the International Trade Organisation

ICMF Indian Cotton Mills Federation ICO International Coffee Organisation ICO International Commodity Organisation ICS International Chamber of Shipping ICTB International Customs Tariff Bureau ICTS Indian Customs Tariff Schedule IDA International Development Association

IDBI Industrial Development Bank of India I(D&R) Act

Industries (Development & Regulation) Act ( )

IDS International Development Strategy IFC International Finance Corporation IFCATI International Federation of Cotton and Allied

Textile Industries

IFCI Industrial Finance Corporation of India IIC Indian Investment Centre IIFT Indian Institute of Foreign Trade IIP Indian Institute of Packaging IITF India International Trade Fair IJIRA Indian Jute Industries Research Association IMCO International Maritime Consultant

Organisation

IMF International Monetary Fund IMPEC Indian Motion Pictures Export Corporation IMPOD Import Promotion Office for Products from

Developing Countries

IPC Integrated Programme for Commodities IRL Import Replenishment Licence IRMAC Industrial Raw Material Assistance Centre

ISI Indian Standards Institution ISO International Organisation for standardization ITC Import Trade Control ITC International Trade Centre ITO International Trade Organisation JBSA Jute Buffer Stock Association JCCI & E Joint Chief Controller of Imports & Exports - JMDC Jute Manufactures Development Council KFTZ Kandla Free Trade Zone MANTRA Man-made Textile Research Association MDA Marketing Development Assistance MFA Multi Fibre Agreement - MFN Most Favoured Nation MFR Maximum Financial Requirements MITCO Mica Trading Corporation MMTC Minerals & Metals Trading Corporation MOT Market Orientation Tour MRTPC Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices

Commission

MTN Multilateral Trade Negotiations NAFED National Co-operative Agricultural Marketing

Federation

NAYE National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs

NCCF National Co-operative Consumers Federation NDC National Development Council NFDC National Film Development Corporation NHDC National Handloom Development Corporation NIDC National Industrial Development Corporation NITRA Northern India Textile Research Association NJMC National Jute Manufacturers Corporation NMDC National Mineral Development Corporation NRDC National Research Development Corporation NTC National Textiles Corporation ODA Official Development Assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and

Development

OGL Open General Licence OPEC Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries PAC Public Accounts Committee PEC Projects and Equipment Corporation POL Petrolium, Oil and Lubricants , RBI Reserve Bank of India R &D Research & Development

RCTT Regional Centre for Technology Transfer REP Registered Exporters Policy SASMIRA Silk and Art Silk Mills Research Association

SCPE Standing Committee on Promotion of Exports

by Sea

SDR Special Drawing Rights SEEPZ Santacruz Electronic Export Processing Zone

SFDA Small Farmers Development Agency SGL Special General Licence SIDA Swedish International Development Authority SITRA South India Textile Research Association SPS Simplified Payment Scheme STC State Trading Corporation TASC Technical Assistance Selection Committee TCS Technical Co-operation Schemes TDA Trade Development Authority TFAI Trade Fair Authority of India TNG Trade Negotiations Group UAR United Arab Republic UFI Union of International Fairs UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade &

Development

UNDP United Nations Development Programme

UNEDA United Nations Economic Development Administration

UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organisation

UNO United Nations Organisation UPASI United Planters Association of Southern India

USAID United States Agency for International

Development

WFP World Food Programme WRA Wool Research Association

- Accounts and Audit Terminology Insurance Terminology Budget TerminologyVigilance Terminology