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Type of cellEfficienciy (%)Characteristics SiliconCrystalline24high cost Multicrystalline18high cost Amorphous13medium cost, unstable CuInSe 2 19indium expensive III-V semiconductors (GaAs, InP)25High efficiency, high cost II-VI (CdTe)16 Dye-sensitized nanostructured cells 10low cost, scale up production Bipolar AlGaAs/Si20high cost Organic3low cost, low efficiency

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2-1.2 DSSC [18]

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1) S S* S h S* 2) TiO2 S* S+ e- (