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Chapter 9:Cloud Technologies

ITP4110 Data Centre Technologies

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Agenda

• Data Centre Evolution• What is Cloud Computing• Cloud Service Models• Private Cloud• Adopt to Public Cloud?• Sample Cloud Implementation

– Microsoft Private Cloud– Amazon AWS– OpenStack

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Data Centre Evolution

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Standardize

Consolidate

Virtualize

Automate

Self-Service

Centralize

From Standalone Application to Dynamic Data Centre and IT as a Service

StandaloneApplication

Zones ofVirtualization

ExternalCloud Services

Apps

ServersNetwork

Storage

Private InternalCloud Services

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Definition of Cloud Computing

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.Key enabling technologies include: (1) fast wide-area networks, (2) powerful, inexpensive server computers, and (3) high-performance virtualization for commodity hardware.

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Five Essential Characteristics

On-demand self-service Users can provision servers and networks with little human intervention.

Broad Network access Any computing capabilities are available over the network. Many different devices

are allowed access through standardized mechanisms. Resource pooling

Multiple users can access clouds that serve other consumers according to demand. Rapid Elasticity

Provisioning is rapid and scales out or in based on need. Metered or measured service

Just like utilities that are paid for by the hour, clouds should optimize resource use and control it for the level of service or type of servers such as storage or processing.

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On-Demand Self-Service

6http://blog.rpath.com/ciscos-internal-private-cloud-delivers-paas-with-rpath/

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Resource Pooling

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Computer Pool

Network Pool

Storage Pool

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Metered or Measured Service

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Pay As You Go

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Rapid Server Provisioning

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Physical Server

Web Server

VM

Web Server

VM

DB Server

VM

DB Server

VMDB Server VM Template

WEB Server VM Template

VM Library

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Rapid Elasticity

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Web Server

Database

Application Server

Load Balancer

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Three Service Models

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Provides infrastructure such as computer instances, network

connections, and storage so that people can run any software or operating system.

Platform as a Service (PaaS) Provides the consumer the ability to deploy applications through a

programming language or tools supported by the cloud platform provider. An example of platform as a service is an Eclipse/Java programming platform provided with no downloads required.

Software as a Service (SaaS) Provides the consumer the ability to use the software in a cloud

environment, such as web-based email for example.

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Vendors of IaaS

• Amazon Web Services, Rackspace Cloud

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Cisco Cloud Computing - Data Center Strategy, Architecture, and SolutionsPoint of View White Paper for U.S. Public Sector 1st Edition

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Vendors of PaaS

Google App Engine, Windows Azurehttps://developers.google.com/showcase/#item=Angry+Birds+for+Chrome

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Vendors/Showcases of SaaS

• Salesforce.com CRM, SAP• HKPC http://www.sme-cloud.org/• http://www.mypos.hk/

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http://www.varoliiblog.com/page/5/

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4 Deployment Models

• Public cloud– Sold to the public, mega-scale infrastructure– General Cloud Services delivered over the Internet

• Private cloud – Enterprise owned or leased– Enterprise Internal Cloud

• Security sensitive Cloud services delivered behind the firewall

• Hybrid cloud– Composition of two or more (e.g. internal and external) clouds

• Community cloud– Shared infrastructure for specific community

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Benefits of Using Cloud Computing (Public Cloud)

• Business agility– Getting the compute resources you need when you need them tends to shorten

IT projects and more predictive time-to-market.

• New business models– It has become much easier to start business innovation initiatives especially in

small and medium enterprises.

• Less capital expense– Shifting from a capital expense (CapEx) model to an operational expense (OpEx)

model. Capital expenses include spending on computing infrastructure and licensing new software.

• Better use of computing resources– Reduce idled computing resources. You pay only for the resources that you use.

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Adoption Challenges

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Cloud Control, InformationWeek Reports, 2009

Challenge Opportunity

Availability Multiple providers

Data lock-in Standardization

Data Confidentiality and Auditability

Encryption, VLANs, Firewalls

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Hybrid Cloud

Merge the benefits of private and public clouds Can decide on what data and applications should reside

within and be run in the internal private cloud and which should be “bursted” or moved to the public cloud

Minimize resource overcapacity and balancing critical applications and data within the private cloud while moving peak-loads and less critical apps/data to the public cloud

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Virtualized Data Centre

- Managmenet- Cloud OS

CloudComputing

- Management- Cloud OS

Virtualization

Information

Federation & Choice

AppLoads

AppLoads

AppLoads

Private Cloud

Internal Cloud External CloudSecurity

VirtualClent

VirtualClent

VirtualClent

VirtualClent

Virtual Applications

Standards

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Architecture of a Private Internal CloudComponents

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Applications

IT as a Service (ITaaS)

Compute | Virtual & Physical

Unified Network Fabric

Unified Storage

Efficiency & Data Mobility

Integrated Data Protection

Multi-Tenant S

ervice Managm

ent

ServiceCatalog

IaaS

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The Microsoft Private Cloud

• Components of the Microsoft Private Cloud:

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Components of the Microsoft Private Cloud

– Hyper-V, ESX/ESXi, XenServer - Virtualization enables server consolidation and rapid deployment of virtual machines.

– System Center 2012 Configuration Manager (SCCM)• Operations Manager (SCOM) - an enterprise monitoring solution for the

complete IT service: the network, the fabric, hardware, virtualization, OSs and applications.

• Virtual Machine Manager (VMM) - ties together the infrastructure components and the reusable resources that make the private cloud, and it deploys the services that are required by the business.

• App Controller - App Controller provides a single, seamless self-service interface for deploying and managing services across VMM-managed private clouds and the Microsoft Azure public cloud.

• Data Protection Manager (DPM) - backup and recovery solution• Orchestrator - automate repetitive tasks by comprising many steps• Service Manager (SCSM) - delivery of service to the business

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VMM Architecture

• In the context of the cloud, the term fabric includes servers, clusters, and networks, as well as storage.

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• VMM Management Server – It is responsible for communicating with the SQL Server database and for storing and retrieving the configuration, including all objects that are created and managed by VMM. It also stores performance information about the different fabric resources.

• VMM Console - The VMM console offers the primary graphical user interface for all private cloud administrators, delegated admins, read-only admins, and self-service users.

• VMM Library - The VMM library provides an easy way to configure a repository of the resources that help create a virtualization host, a virtual machine, an application, or service.

• VMM Self-Service Portal – It is an optionally web-based VMM Self-Service Portal. Self-service users can create and manage their own virtual machines via a web interface.

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VMM Topology

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Amazon Web Services (AWS)

• Compute – Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)

• A web service that provides resizable compute capacity in the cloud

– Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR) • A web service that enables users to process vast amounts of data. It uses a

hosted Hadoop framework running on the web-scale infrastructure of Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3.

– Auto Scaling• With it, you can ensure that the number of Amazon EC2 instances you’re using

increases seamlessly during demand spikes to maintain performance, and decreases automatically during demand lulls to minimize costs.

– Elastic Load Balancing• It automatically distributes incoming application traffic across multiple Amazon

EC2 instances. It also detects unhealthy instances and automatically reroutes traffic to healthy instances.

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• Storage– Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3)

• It provides a simple web services interface that can be used to store and retrieve any amount of data, at any time, from anywhere on the web.

– Amazon Glacier• It is an extremely low-cost storage service that provides secure and durable

storage for data archiving and backup.

– AWS Storage Gateway• It provide seamless and secure integration between an organization’s on-

premises IT environment and AWS’s storage infrastructure.

– AWS Import/Export• It moves large amounts of data into and out of AWS using portable storage

devices. AWS transfers the data directly onto and off of storage devices using Amazon’s high-speed internal network.

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• Database– Amazon Relational Database Service (Amazon RDS)

• It gives you access to the capabilities of a familiar MySQL, Oracle or SQL Server database.

– Amazon DynamoDB• It automatically spreads the data and traffic for the table over a

sufficient number of servers to handle the request capacity specified by the customer and the amount of data stored. All data items are stored on solid state drives (SSDs)

– Amazon ElastiCache• The service improves the performance of web applications by allowing

you to retrieve information from a fast, managed, in-memory caching system, instead of relying entirely on slower disk-based databases.

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• Deployment & Management– AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

• IAM enables identity federation between your corporate directory and AWS services. This enables you to use your existing corporate identities to grant secure and direct access to AWS resources.

– Amazon CloudWatch• Developers and system administrators can use it to collect and track metrics, gain insight, and

react immediately to keep their applications and businesses running smoothly.

– AWS Elastic Beanstalk• Elastic Beanstalk automatically handles the deployment details of capacity provisioning, load

balancing, auto scaling, and application health monitoring.

– AWS CloudFormation• You can use AWS CloudFormation’s sample templates or create your own templates to

describe the AWS resources, and any associated dependencies or runtime parameters, required to run your application.

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• Application Services– Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS)

• Users can move data between distributed components of their applications that perform different tasks, without losing messages or requiring each component to be always available.

– Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS)• Set up, operate, and send notifications via HTTP, email, or SMS from the cloud.

– Amazon Simple Workflow Service (Amazon SWF)• Amazon SWF coordinates all of the processing steps within an application. The

service stores tasks, reliably dispatches them to application components, tracks their progress, and keeps their latest state.

– Amazon Simple Email Service (Amazon SES)• It is a highly scalable bulk and transactional email sending service. Amazon SES

eliminates the complexity and expense of building an in-house email solution

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• Networking– Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC)

• With Amazon VPC, you can define a virtual network topology that closely resembles a traditional network that you might operate in your own data center.

– Amazon Route 53• It is a highly available and scalable DNS web service. Route 53 can also be used

to route users to infrastructure outside of AWS.

– AWS Direct Connect• makes it easy to establish a dedicated network connection from your premises

to AWS.

• Content Delivery– Amazon CloudFront

• It is an easy way to distribute content to end users with low latency, high data transfer speeds, and no commitments.

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OpenStack

• OpenStack is an open source IaaS project founded by Rackspace Hosting and NASA. The current release of OpenStack is Havana.

• Support as Private Cloud as well as Public Cloud• Support for most hypervisor platforms (although

KVM and XenServer are recommended).• OpenStack has a large group of technology

vendors behind it.

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Major Support Vendors I

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http://www.openstack.org/foundation/companies/

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Major Support Vendors II

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Core OpenStack Folsom components

Nova – Compute It provides virtual servers upon demand.

Swift - Object Storage It allows you to store or retrieve files.

Glance - Image Service It provides a catalog and repository for virtual disk images.

Horizon – Dashboard It provides a modular web-based user interface for all the OpenStack services.

Keystone – Identity It provides authentication and authorization for all the OpenStack services.

Cinder - Block Storage It provides persistent block storage to guest VMs.

Neturon - Network Service It provides "network connectivity as a service" between interface devices managed by other

OpenStack services.

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OpenStack Havana

• Ceilometer – Monitoring and Metering

• Heat – Orchestration, a template-driven service for

describing and automating deployment of compute, storage and networking resources for an application.

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Major OpenStack Users

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http://www.openstack.org/user-stories/

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Webex - Compute

• OpenStack Summit Fall 2012 Keynotes: Reinhardt Quelle, Cisco Webex Case• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4iA0L0kBpE

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Webex - Storage

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Webex - Network

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