A SURVEY OF TRAFFIC CONDITIONS IN
BAGUIO CITY
____________________________
A Practical Research
Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School
Department Baguio Central University
Baguio City
____________________________
In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements in Practical Research
______________________________
Researchers:
Balagot, Makintosh
Dalisay, Ramil
Gonzales, John Benedict
Fernando, Guia Mae
Zamora,Ivone
Approval Sheet
The research is entitled, “A SURVEY OF TRAFFIC CONDITION IN
BAGUIO CITY”, prepared and submitted by Makintosh Balagot, Ramil Dalisay,
John Benedict Gonzales, Guia Mae Fernando, Ivone Zamora, in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the PRACTICAL RESEARCH, has been reviewed and
examined and is hereby endorsed for acceptance and approval for pre-oral
defense.
PRE-ORAL EXAMINATION COMMITTEE
Chairman
Member Member
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee and Oral Examination with a grade of _____% on May
22,2018.
Chairman
Member Member
Accepted and approved in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of
PRACTICAL RESEARCH I.
Comprehensive Examination was taken with a grade of _____% on March 15,2018.
Jeff Feliciano
Adviser
Noted by:
Marilou A. Dela Pena, Ph.D.
Dean, Graduate
Date:May 22,2018
ABSTRACT
Name of Institution :Baguio Central University
Address : #18 Bonifacio Street, Baguio City
Title : A Survey of Traffic Condition in
Baguio City
Researchers:
Balagot, Mackintosh
Dalisay, Ramil
Gonzales, John Benedict
Fernando, Guia Mae
Zamora, Ivone
Research Adviser: Sir Jeff Feliciano
The research study assess the Traffic Condition in Baguio City during the month of
January to 23th of May 2018.The main data gathering tool that used in this study is the interview
and guideline questionnaire.There were a total of 13 respondents (5 Drivers respectively in
different route, 5 Commuters, 2 Traffic Enforcers, 1 Councilor) who participated in this
study.Based on the findings of the study.The ensuing conclusions were made: There’s a lot of
reasons that affecting the traffic we experienced here in Baguio City.The effect of traffic not only
to us but also to the City and to its tourist, economy, and to the environment.We also seek the
programs and actions of the City Government that were implementing regarding in this matter.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The Study seeks to obtain information’s about the present traffic situation that we
were mostly experienced today. It would not been possible without the help and
contribution of the following ;
First of all to Our Almighty God that gave us strength and knowledge while the
research has been conducted.
To Our Research Adviser Sir Jeff Feliciano, who always there to guide and
directing us for the improvement of this research.
To Our Beloved Respondents, that were task to give information for more
effective and meaningful regarding to this research study.
To the Other People that help us to gather data and to finished this research
study. God Bless to Us. And more Power.
Dedication
This humble masterpiece is dedicated
First, to the almighty God
Who is always there for us
Second, To our dear family
Who supports us and
Encourages us to continue
Lastly to our research teacher
Who guides us in conducting
This research
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
PANEL OF EXAMINERS iii
ABSTRACT iv
ACKNOLEDGEMENT v
Dedication vi
TABLE OF CONTENT vii
LIST OF TABLES/FIGURES ix
CHAPTER
I. THE PROBLEM
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK 2
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 2
SCOPE AND DELIMITATION 2
DEFINITION OF TERMS 3
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 4
II. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN 5
LOCALE AND POPULATION OF THE STUDY 10
DATA GATHERING TOOL 10
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE 11
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 12
IV. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 18
APPENDICES
A. PERMISSION LETTER 20
B. QUESTIONNAIRE / INTERVIEW GUIDE 21
LIST OF TABLES
Tables
1 Gaano kadalas nararanasan ang traffic sa Baguio (Drivers)
2 Opinyon sa Traffic
3 Kanino ang problema
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures
1 Oras ng Traffic sa Baguio
2 karanasan sa traffic
3 Epekto ng Traffic sa Baguio
4 Dahilan ng traffic
5 Epekto ng Traffic
6 Rason ng trapik
Chapter I
The Problem
Background of the study
Traffic is one of the major problem faced in our country. It affect the daily life of the
people by having a waste of time. It also cause the delay of personal business that affect our
economy, for the environment the waste fuel increases the pollution and carbon dioxide
emissions. Traffic can also cause stress that can cause road rage and cause accident. Here in
the Philippines we experience this problems everyday.
Mostly commuters in Baguio city experienced moderate to heavy traffic everyday
specially in the morning and rush hour. The city government of Baguio have several ways to
lessen the traffic. Road widening is one of the main solution of the city public work and
highways for the increase of large vehicles like bus and trucks that were given an appropriate
road for entry to avoid heavy traffic. Meanwhile, the public utility vehicle number coding is one of
the remedies that is used to lessen too much vehicles in our commonly roads. There were also
set of loading and unloading zone for the drivers were the commuters can be pick or dropped.
Traffic enforcer were assigns in every intersection roads that can help to the traffic flow and to
the drivers for alternative route.
Uncontrolled traffic come in absence of lane marking and traffic control signals. On
roads without marked lanes. Drivers tend to keep to the appropriate side if the road is wide
enough. Drivers frequently overtake others. Traffic congestion is a condition bon transport
networks that occurs as used increases, and is characterized by slower speed longer rime time
and increase vehicular queuing.
Theoritical Framework
According to Parsons, Meton ,German (G) and Gitterman’s Ecological system theory
people interact with their environment and has no continual transaction with it. The theory is
useful for developing holistic view of person environment. It also enhance underst anding of
interactions between the micro – meso – macro levels of organizations. Lastly in enriches
contextual understanding of behaviour.
Statement of the Problem
The aim of the study was to inform and to know different views of the commuters,
drivers, traffic enforcers and a councilor about the traffic in Baguio City. Specifically the study
sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the condition of traffic in Baguio City?
2. What are the causes of traffic in Baguio City?
3. What are the effects of traffic in Baguio City?
4. What are the programs ,mechanism the police and local government are doing to solve
the problem?
Scope and Delimitation
The study will be conducted in the different traffic spots in Baguio city. The study is to be
conducted on March to May 2018.the study aims to have 10 respondents per traffic spots. This
includes passengers/commuters, drivers and other government service workers that deals with
the traffic management in Baguio city.
Definition of terms
For the reader to have a clear understanding of the concepts of the study, the following
terms are defined operationally:
Traffic-congestion of vehicles on an area or along a route
Commuter- someone who regularly travels between work and home
Driver-someone who directs the movement of a car,truck,bus,jeep
Traffic enforcer-direct traffic or serve in a traffic or roads policing unit enforcing rules of the road.
Include officers who patrol major roads and also police who address traffic infractions on
other roads.
Councilor-a member of a council
Traffic congestion- when vehicles travel at slower speeds because there are more vehicles than
the road can handle.
Traffic – the movement of all vehicles driving along a certain road or in a certain area.
Traffic Congestion - is a condition on transport networks that occurs as use increases, and is
characterized be slower speed, along trip times and increased vehicular queuing.
Traffic management – is a key branch within logistics it concerns the planning, control and
purchasing of transport services needed to physically move vehicles rolling stock, watercraft
and freight.
Driving practices – to do driving regularly or constantly as an ordinary part of life routing.
Vehicle types - types of vehicles it may classified as old, very old, new and latest vehicle that
moving along a certain road.
Significance of the Study
Here, in Baguio city we are experiencing traffic in some roads that causes different
problems such as road rage, car accidents and many more. Many passengers complains
about it, but we can’t avoid it because of the growth of the population, increase in the number of
vehicles and the numbers of tourist coming here at Baguio, in this research we are going to
gather some solutions that may help lessen traffic. We also see the project of our local
government to help solve this problem. In this study we will know the effects of traffic in our daily
lives and how we can lessen it. With this study we will be able to find out the different programs
or solutions the city government has to resolve this current problem. This would help us to be
more knowledgeable about the conditions, cause and effects of the traffic we are experiencing
nowadays.
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
Road rage
Road rage is a senseless reaction to traffic that is common in congested traffic areas
that if someone is not driving as fast as the person behind him thinks he should, or someone
cuts in front of someone else it can lead to an incident that is dangerous to the offender and
those around him on the road. Road rage often manifests itself as shouting matches on the
road, intentional tailgating, retaliatory traffic maneurver and mostly a lack of attention being paid
to the traffic around the people involved. It is basically a temper tantrum by frustrated drivers in
the traffic. And sometimes when road rage will occur, some people will get angry, and
sometimes it can cause problems that some people will be stressed or fight with each other but
we should respect also so we can be safe and not always got angry when it takes to stress in
traffic but we should relax a bit because it is natural to have traffic and because of the increased
number of vehicles .
Road Accident
Road safety is a multi-sectional subject. It includes proper development and
management of roads,provisions of safer vehicles,and serious response to accidents. Owning to
unsafe conditions on roads,the rate at which road accidents are happening.
According to WHO statistics for 2002 out of about 11.8 lakeroad accidents deaths across the
world 84,674 deaths were reported. In the year 2004,the numbers desth due to road accident
increase to 92,618. GDP has gone down by 3 percent due to road accident.Considering the
gravity of the situation,there is consensus that converted measures are necessary for reducing
this high level of accidents deaths and injuries through improved safety measures and traffic
management.
Road safety has become the issue of national concern considering the statistics and the
consequent negative effects on the economy of the country,public health. One of the major
portion pf deaths,disabilities and hospitalization,with severe socioeconomic costs,across the
world is shared by RT/s .World health statictics 2008 cited in Global Status Report on road
safety status that RH/s in2004 were 9th leading cause of death and at current rate by 2020 as
expected to be the 5th leading cause of death.
Thus,there is an urgent need to recognize the worsening road safety situation in order to
take appropriate action.Road traffic injury prevention and mitigation should be given the same
attention and scate of resources trend are currrently being channeled towards other proclaimed
health issues,if increasing human loss and injury on the roads,with their devastating human
impact and large economic cost to society are to be avoided.
Air Pollution and Health Risks Due to Vehicle Traffic
Traffic increases vehicle emissions and degrades ambient air quality, and recent studies
have shown excess morbidity and mortality for drivers, commuters, and individuals living near
major roadways. Presently our understanding of the air pollution impacts from congestion on
roads is very limited.
This study demonstrates an approach to characterize risks of traffic for on and near road
populations. Simultaneous modelling was used to estimate NO2 concentrations and health risks
for freeway and arterial scenarios attributes to traffic for different traffic volumes during rush
hour periods. The modelling used emissions factors from two different models.
Comprehensive Modal Emissions – an empirical traffic speed-volume relationship,
estimated travel time changes during traffic and concentration response relationships from NO2
exposure. An incremental analysis which expresses the change in health risks for small
increases in traffic volume, showed non-linear effects. This study suggests that health risks from
congestion are potentially significant, and that additional traffic can increase risks depending on
the type of road, and other factors.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions – the increasing severity and duration on traffic have the
potential to greatly increase pollution emissions and degrade air quality. These emissions
contribute to risks of the drivers , commuters and individuals living near roadways.
b.1. Carbon Dioxide Emissions can cause congestion – diseases – the epidemiological studies
considered traffic causes asthma , epidemic, lung failure due to weak respiratory and immune
systems.
b.2. Carbon Dioxide Emission can cause environmental impacts to air quality ( WHO, World
Health Organization , 2005 Health Effects Institute 2010 )Congestion – related impacts
incorporate multiple interactions that occurs with congestion.
c1. Congestion lowers the average speed , which increases travel time and exposure on a per
vehicle basis. This effects can be considerable the average annual travel delay for a traveller
making rush hour trips in the U.s was 38 hours in 2005, based on 437 urban areas (Schank and
Lomax , 2007)
c2. Congestion diminishes dispersion of vehicle-related pollutants since vehicle induced
turbulence depends on vehicle speed (Benson, 1989)
Congestion can change driving patterns resulting in an increased number of speed ups ,
slowdowns, stops, and starts which increases emissions compared to conditions ( average
speed of 13 miles per hour , mph ; 1 mph-1.61 km per hour) Sjodin (1998)
Incident Congestion of Traffic Population such as that caused by an accident or disabled
vehicle, is not addressed although such events may also be important for certain acute
predictive risk assessment techniques , namely simultaneously models for traffic emissions ,
pollutant, dispersion and risks , and an incremental analysis that evaluates congestion impacts.
Predicted Risk Incremental – indicates that incremental risks may depends on driving
patterns, volumes of vehicles and time travel associated with acceleration/deceleration, speed,
dispersions.
Thesis On The Effect Of Traffic In The Performance Of Employee’s In Selected Companies In
Metro Manila For The Year 2016 Model For Improving Performance Of Employees
Traffic is one of the biggest problem that our country is facing nowadays specially on
Metro Manila . We can view our traffic from different perspective; longer commute time,
employees absences, stress, wasted man hours and added fuel expenses are just some of
them. We can say that traffic is the most critical problem in the country right now. A long
commute due to traffic makes workers less productive. Studies have shown that a strenuous
commute increase the likeliness of irritability and fatigue which decreases a person’s
performance on the job.
This thesis is mainly about traffic congestion the most critical problem right now. Traffic
is even worse than before. Traffic congestion causes delays. During the morning commute there
is additional stress because delays caused by traffic can make people late at work. At the end of
the day, the afternoon rush is again frustrating time because the workday is done and people
want to go home to relax, the traffic is preventing it.
Another effect of traffic is fuel consumption and pollution. The stopping and starting in
traffic jams burn fuel at higher rate , than the smooth rate of travel on the open highway. This
increase in full consumption costs commuters many for fuel and it also contributes to the
amount of emissions released by the vehicles.
Chapter III
Research Design and Methodology
Research Design
In the study,descriptive method was used.Descriptive method answers
what,who,where,when and how questions related to the research problem.The method is used
to obtain information about the present situation of traffic in Baguio City.Thus,descriptive
method was applied in the study for it aims to inform the commuters and drivers about the traffic
in Baguio City.
Locale and Population
The Respondents of the study were chosen using Purposeful Random Sampling where there
are:
Traffic Enforcer 3
Councilor 1
Commuter 5
Driver 5
Data Gathering Tool
In Gathering the data needed in the study,and interview was the main tool used.
Interview is a meeting at which information is obtained (as by a reporter,television
commentator,or pollster) from a person.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researcher made a letter of request to the BCPO City Director. Then the city
director assigned persons whom we had interviewed. After that, we went to Baguio City hall to
give a request to interview on of the councilors. Then we interviewed 5 drivers of different
places and lastly we interviewed 5 commuters.
Chapter III
Results and Discussion
This chapter contained the tabular presentation of the data gathered as well as their
corresponding interpretation and analysis.
Gaano kadalas nararanasan ang traffic sa Baguio (Drivers)
Table 1 presents Gaano kadalas ang traffic sa Baguio. 5 out of the 5 drivers we have
interviewed from different jeep station answered “madalas”. This indicates that traffic in Baguio
is experienced frequently by drivers who have different routes.
Table 1. Gaano kadalas nararanasan ang traffic sa Baguio (Drivers)
Oras na madalas matraffic
Figure 1 present Anong oras madalas nararanasan ang traffic. The figure showed that 3
out of 5 drivers usually experienced traffic in the morning(umaga) , 1 out of 5 drivers have
experienced traffic in the evening(hapon) while the last drivers out of the 5 have answered that
he experiences traffic at night. This indicates that traffic usually occurs in the morning,rush
hours(6-8) to be exact.
Figure 1. Oras ng Traffic sa Baguio
Madalas Di Madalas
5 0
Karanasan sa Traffic
Figure 2 represents the different “karanasan sa traffic” . It shows that 3 out of 5 drivers
have experienced "nagkakainitan sa kalsada. 2 out of 5 answered "hindi makabiyahe ng
maayos" and the anwers "naiipon ang sasakyan" , "mataas ang krudo" and "humihina ang kita"
was answered by 1 driver each. It indicates that the most experience driver had was the
"nagkakainitan sa kalsada".
1 2 3 4 50123
Karanasan sa Traffic
Figure 2.karanasan sa traffic
Epekto ng Traffic sa kabuhayan
Figure 3 represents the epekto ng traffic sa kabuhayan. It shows that 4 out of 5
answered "bumababa ang kita". 2 out of 5 answered "mataas ang presyo ng krudo" and lastly
Oras ng Traffic sa Baguio
1 2 3 4
one driver answered bumabagal ang biyahe. It indicates that traffic affects the drivers livelihood
the most.
Epekto ng Traffic
1 2 3
Figure 3. Epekto ng Traffic sa Baguio
Dahilan ng Traffic
Figure 4 represents "dahilan ng traffic".It shows that 5 out of 5 answered "pagdami ng
sasakyan". 3 out of 5 answered "turista" and lastly 1 driver answered "dami ng tao".It indicates
that most commuters think that the reason of having traffic is the increase of numbers of
vehicles.
1
2
3
Dahilan Ng Traffic
1 2 3
Figure 4. Dahilan ng traffic
Epekto ng traffic (commuter)
Figure 5 represents "epekto ng traffic(commuter)". It shows that 3 out of 5 answered
"nalalate sa klase,trabaho at pag uwi. 2out of 5 answered "sabagal pag may emergency" while
"nastress,tinatamad and hassle ang traffic" was answered by 1 driver each. It indicates that
traffic affects commuters delay life by making them late in their classes, works and the time they
can get home.
1 2 3 4 50
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Epekto ng Traffic
Figure 5. Epekto ng Traffic
Opinyon sa traffic
Table 2 represents the different "opinyon sa traffic". It shows that people have different
opinions about traffic. People see traffic from different aspects.
1. Isa itong malaking problema na
nakakaapekto hindi lang sa araw arawna
pamumuhay kundi sa pagunlad ng ating bayan
as a whole 1
2. ito ay isang problemang mahirap hanapan
ng solusyon at nangangailangan ng
pagtutulungan upang mabawasan man lang 1
3. dagdag sa problema naming mga studyante
kasi imbes na maagang makarating sa school
at makagawa ng requirements nalalate tuloy at
nababawasan ang mga maari naming gawin 1
4.sana may kanya kanyang disiplina ang mga
drivers pampasada man o private para
maiwasan ang traffic 1
5.ang trapik ay isang problema na talagang
hindi maiiwasan 1
1. Isa itong malaking problema na
nakakaapekto hindi lang sa araw arawna
pamumuhay kundi sa pagunlad ng ating bayan
as a whole 1
Table 2.Opinyon sa Traffic
Rason kung bakit may traffic
Figure 6 represents "rason kung bakit may traffic". It shows that 4 out of 5 answered
"pagdami ng sasakyan". 2 out of 5 answered "pagdami ng turista/tao" while "road construction"
and "mga taong di marunong sumunod sa batas trapiko" was answered by 1 commuter
each.This indicates that most commuters thinks that the main reason of having traffic is the
increase in number of vehicles.
1 2 3 40
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
rason ng trapik
Figure 6.Rason ng trapik
Kanino ang problema
Table 3 represents the "kanino ang problem". it shows that 3 out of 5 commuters have
answered it was "tao" while 2 out of 5 answered it was "gobyerno" and lastly one commuter
answered it was "drayber".it indicates that most commuters think that the problem is within the
people themselves.
1. Tao 3
2. Drivers 1
3. Gobyerno 2
Table 3. Kanino ang problema
BAGUIO CENTRAL UNIVERSITY
Senior High School Department
PERMISSION TO CONDUCT AND COLLECT RESEARCH DATA
April 5,2018
PSSUPT.RAMIL LADYONG SACULLES
City Director,BCPO
The purpose of this letter is to request your good office that we are conducting the research
entitled:A Survey of Traffic Conditions in Baguio City. For this, we are requesting that your office
allow us to conduct research interviews and secure data, given that it shall be used only for research
purposes. This also serves as assurance that we comply with requirements of the Republic Act
10173 also known as Data Privacy Act of 2012 and will ensure that these requirements are followed
in the conduct of this research. Thank you very much and more power.
Sincerely,
Name of Members Signature
Balagot, Makintosh __________
Dalisay,Ramil __________
Gonzales, John Benedict __________ Approved / Disapproved
Fernando, Guia Mae ___________ Date:
Zamora, Ivone ___________
Research Teacher Senior High Shool Principal
Jeff C. Feliciano Dr. Manion K. Alcantara
Appendices B
Traffic Enforcers Interview Guide
1. Saan ang pinakamatraffic na lugar sa Baguio?
2. Ano ang mga rason ng traffic?
3. Anong oras kadalasan matraffic sa Baguio?
umaga tanghali gabi
4. Kailan kadalasang matraffic sa Baguio?
5. Anong mga epekto traffic sa mga tao at sa syudad?
Drivers Interview Guide
1.Gaano kadalas ang iyong nararanasan sa Traffic ditto sa Baguio?
madalas di gaanong madalas
2. Anong oras kadalasan ng nararanasan ang traffic?
3. Ano ang iyong naging karanasan sa Traffic?
4. Paano nakakaapekto ang traffic sa iyong kinabubuhay?
5. Paano nakakaapekto ang traffic sa iyong pang- araw-araw na pamumuhay?
6.Anong mga dahilan kung bakit may traffic?
Commuter Interview Guide
1. Anong mga epekto ng traffic sa iyong araw araw na pamumuhay?
2. Anong sarili mong opinion tungkol sa traffic?
3. Sa iyong palagay ano ang rason/dahilan kung bakit may traffic?
4. Sa tingin mo kanino kaya ang problema sa tao ba mismo,sa drivers o sa Gobyerno?
5. Anong mga ginagawa mo upang iwasan ang traffic?
Councilor Interview Guide
1. Have you experienced traffic in Baguio City? Y N
2. In your opinion what is the condition of traffic in Baguio City?
3. What time do you experience traffic?
4. What are the causes of traffic in Baguio City?
5. What are the effects of traffic?
6. What are the programs of our local government to solve traffic in Baguio?
7. Is the implementation effective? Y N
