11th-12th Grade Qur’an PacketMs. Yasmine

August 25-29

Name ______________________________________

Iman Academy SE 2014-2015

Weekly Objectives

Write reflections on three selections from the Qur’an Develop the habit of reading/memorizing the Qur’an daily Review/Memorize Surahs from Juz’ ‘Amma (individual) Translate 20 new common words found in the Qur’an Answer questions about the Qur’an using Ayat from the

Qur’an Write how a hadith motivates you personally Discover which consonant/vowel sounds need work and

practice them Answer questions that demonstrate understanding of Surat

an-Nazi’at.

Qur’an Journal

Monday, August 25th: Al-Baqarah 2

قين لمت ذلك الكتاب ال ريب فيه هدى لThis is the Book about which there is no doubt,

a guidance for those conscious of Allah

What points do you get out of this Ayah found at the very beginning of the Qur’an? What does it inspire you to do?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

After discussion thoughts and reflections:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Wednesday, August 27th: Al-Baqarah 42

وال تلبسوا الحق بالباطل وتكتموا الحق وأنتم تعلمون

And do not mix the truth with falsehood or conceal the truth while you know [it].

Give an example of mixing truth with falsehood. How easy or difficult do you think it is to fall into this mistake? What can you do to protect yourself from doing that? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What does “concealing the truth” mean? Think of a situation where someone (you or someone else or hypothetical) hid important information. What harm happened/could have happened from hiding the truth?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________After discussion thoughts and reflections:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Friday. August 29th: Al-Baqarah 43

كاة واركعوا مع وأقيموا الصالة وآتوا الزاكعين الر

And establish prayer and give Zakah and bow with those who bow [in worship and obedience] 

How might this Ayah relate to the one discussed on Wednesday? What are Salah and Zakah? What can you infer from the sentence “and bow with those who bow”?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________After discussion thoughts and reflections:____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Qur’anic Du’a of the Weekا فاغفر لنا ذنوبنا وقنا عذاب نا آمن نا إن رب

ار الن

Our Lord, indeed we have believed, so forgive us our sins and protect us from the punishment of the Fire

Memorization Plan

DaySurah &

AyatMs. Y’s

okay

Tester Name

FinalGrad

e

Tester Signature

& Comments

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

Student observations and comments:__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Teacher feedback: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Weekly Qur’an Log

Day Suwar/Ayat Skill Time

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

Total Weekly Minutes: ____________

Teacher Comments: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Vocabulary List Two

(The Last Day)

English Meaning

Arabic Word Test Yourself

companion صاحب) أصحاب)

end عاقبةpunishment عذابpenalty عقابmeeting لقاءappointed مسمىterm أجلrecompense جزاءabode/home دارeternity خلودfuel وقودright يمينleft شمالburning حريقattainment فوزA blaze سعيرbliss نعيمrighteous أبرارwicked فجارcouches/thrones

أرائك

HOMEWORK 1: Categorize as many vocabulary words as you can into sub-categories. Each person’s categorization will be different than the others’. Each category will have 2+ words in it.

Category Words That Fit in Category

Sample Kinds of People , فجار, أبرار أصحاب

1

2

3

4

HOMEWORK 2: Think of other Arabic words you know that share the same root as four of your vocabulary words. Write the words and how they might relate.Vocabulary Word Related Word Connection

مسمى اسم مسمى .”means “name اسمmeans “appointed”.. it’s already named/set.

Challenge words: Check here if you are testing on the challenge list.

believers = مؤمنون.1disbelievers = كافرون.2deniers = مكذبون.3disobedient ones = فاسقون.4transgressors = طاغون.5قون.6 pious ones = متsuccessful ones = مفلحون.7بون.8 those brought near = مقرthose who are lost = ضالون.910. those in error = خاطئون

Recitation Day: Vowel Sounds

Harakah Light (Tarqiq) Heavy (Tafkhim)

Fathah

Dammah

Kasrah

Tafsir Homework: Review from Last WeekAnswer the questions based on what you learned last week.

1. Who sent down the Qur’an? How can we prove this?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. To whom was the Qur’an sent?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Who carries the responsibility of protecting the Qur’an? Prove this with a text from the Qur’an.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. When was the Qur’an revealed?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Mention 5 reasons the Qur’an was revealed._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6. What must we do in order to benefit from the Qur’an? What must we avoid?

Recitation Day: Vowel Sounds

Harakah Light (Tarqiq) Heavy (Tafkhim)

Fathah

Dammah

Kasrah

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7. True or False: _________ We must force everyone to follow the Qur’an.

What Does the Messenger of Allah Say About the Qur’an?

"The best of you is he who learns the Qur'an and teaches it." [al-Bukhari]

"Will not any of you go to the Masjid and learn or read two verses from the Book of Allah `Azza wa Jall? (For) that is better for him than two she-camels, and three (verses) are better for him than

three (she-camels), and four (verses) are better for him than four (she-camels). And the number (of verses read in total) is better

than the same number of camels." [Muslim]

"There is no envy (acceptable) except in two (cases): a person whom Allah has given the Qur'an and recites it throughout the

night and throughout the day. And a person whom Allah has given wealth, that he gives out throughout the night and throughout the

day." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]

"Whoever reads a letter from the Book of Allah will receive a Hasanah (good deed) from it (i.e. his recitation), and the Hasanah

is multiplied by ten. I do not say that Alif-Laam-Meem is (considered as) a letter, rather Alif is a letter, Laam is a letter, and

Meem is a letter." [At-Tirmidhi, Ad-Darimi]

"He who is skillful in reciting the Qur'an is with the unveiled, honorable, and pious. And he who stutters when reading the

Qur'an, (and its recitation) is difficult upon him, will receive two rewards." [Al-Bukhari]

"Verily he who has nothing of the Qur'an in his heart, is like a house (which has been) destroyed." [At-Tirmidhi]

"Read the Qur'a, for verily it will come forth on the Day of Resurrection as an intercessor for its readers." [Muslim]

"The Qur'an is an intercessor (which by Allah's permission) intercedes, and an opponent (which is) truthful. He who appoints

it as his leader, (then it) will lead him to Paradise. And he who puts it behind him, (then it) will lead him to the Fire." [Ibn Hibban,

Al-Bayhaqi, At-Tabarani, Sahih]

"Fasting and the Qur'an will intercede for the slave on the Day of Resurrection. Fasting will say: 'O My Rabb! I prevented him from

food and desires, so accept my intercession for him.' And the Qur'an will say: 'I prevented him from sleep during the night, so

accept my intercession for him.' He (sallallahu `alayhi wa sallam) said: 'And they will (be allowed to) intercede.'"

[Ahmad, at-Tabarani, Al-Hakim, Sahih]

"Maintain learning the Qur'an by heart for verily it is greater in escaping from the chests of men than camels from their reins."

[Al-Bukhari and Muslim]

"Verily Allah raises nations by this book (the Qur'an) and puts down (i.e. destroys) others by it." [Muslim]

"The likeness of the believer who reads the Qur'an is like that of citron; its taste is delicious and its scent is pleasant. And the

likeness of the believer who does not read the Qur'an is like that of a date; its taste is delicious, yet it has no scent. And the

likeness of a hypocrite who reads the Qur'an is like that of a basil; its scent is pleasant, yet its taste is bitter. And the likeness of a

hypocrite that does not read the Qur'an is like that of a colocynth; its taste is bitter and it has no scent." [Al-Bukhari and Muslim]

"It will be said to the beholder of the Qur'an: 'Recite, ascend and Rattil (recite slowly and distinctly) as you used to Rattil in the life of this world, for verily your level (in Paradise) is at the last verse

you read." [Abu Dawud, at-Tirmidhi, Sahih]

"Read the Qur'an, put it into practice, do not abandon it, do not put grudges (upon others) through it, and do not eat and gain

wealth through it." [Ahmad, At-Tabarani, Sahih]

"Read the Qur'an and through it seek the Face of Allah, Exalted be He, before there comes a nation that implements it like an

arrow. They read it fast and they do not recite it slowly (to implement)." [Ahmad, Abu Dawud, Hasan]

"Verily, the best of people with regards to voices, is he whom you feel fears Allah when he recites." [Ad-Darimi, Sahih]

From Anas ibn Malik, radhiallahu `anhu, (who said) that the Messenger of Allah, sallallahu `alaihi wa sallam, said to Ubayy ibn

Ka`b (radiallahu `anhu): 'Verily Allah has ordered me to read upon you.'

He [Ubayy] said: 'Has Allah named me for you?!'He [sallallahu `alaihi wa sallam] said: 'Allah has named you for

me.'He [Anas] said: 'So Ubayy began to weep.'

[Muslim]

"There is not a group which has gathered in a house from the houses of Allah, reciting the Book of Allah, and studying it

between them, except that tranquility will descend upon them, mercy will befall them, the Angels will encircle them, and Allah

will mention them to those who are with Him (i.e. the Angels). And he who falls short (in gaining knowledge and memorizing the

Qur'an) should (be prompt in) action, (in) that which lineage (*) will not hasten him (to do)." [Muslim]

Classwork: Which of these narrations is MOST meaningful to you and makes you want to spend time with the Qur’an? How does it motivate you? Share your thoughts on the Hadith you choose.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Nouman Ali Khan’s Dream TafsirSurat An-Nazi’at (Those Who Drag

Forth) [79]Section Two: Scene on the Day of Judgment

Ayah 6:

اجفة يوم ترجف الر

Yawma tarjufu ar-RajifahThe Day - that which is meant to shake, when it will shake.

Rajf – Rattling, shaking

Similar words:-Zalzalah (from Zalla)- When one’s feet slip. Zalzalah is a repetition – Someone’s feet keep on slipping and tripping, and this occurs during an earthquake.-Rajj - A sudden jerk. This is the first stage of an earthquake, the sudden jerk on the earth upon the first “quake”.-Mawr - When you are riding a horse, or when a large animal runs past you, and you feel like the earth is shaking beneath your feet. (i.e. simulated earthquake)(i.e. Yawma tamooru as-samaa'u mawra - when the skies shake a heavy shaking). [Tur 52:9]

Allah also says: The Day the earth and mountains will rattle (shake), and the mountains will be as though they were sand dunes (i.e. when sand is easily blown off sand dunes - the mountains will have its material blown off just as easily.) [Muzzammil 73:14]

i.e. If you cannot imagine that - then imagine a salt shaker, and when it shakes - the salt easily comes out. This is how the mountains will be on that Day.

Ar-Raajifah (noun/ism) – That which is meant to shake. So the final destiny of the earth is that it will shake.Rajf - It's a highly uncomfortable motion. It depicts the feelings of the person being affected by the rattling - discomfort and disarray (no control) over one’s self because you are also being shaken along with the Earth.

Ayah 7:

ادفة تتبعها الرTatba'uha ar-Radifah

The second blowing of the Trumpet follows it (and everybody will be raised up).

Radifah (Radf): When you’re riding a camel, horse, driving a car etc - and someone is sitting behind you - they follow you wherever you go.

So the rattling is followed by another (Radif) rattle. One is successively following the other.

The scholars say the first rattling of the earth is the blowing of the Trumpet/Soor for the end of the earth itself. Then the second Trumpet/Soor is for the beginning of Judgment Day.

This was mentioned in Surat an-Naba' - yawma yunfakhu fis-soori fa ta’toona afwaajan.

(The Day the trumpet will be blown, then you will come out in multitudes.) [Naba' 78:18]

Radaf literally implies to sit behind something else and to follow where it goes.

Other words similar to Radf with slight differences in meaning;

-Khalafa - Follow something chronologically. (i.e. Someone came, and after them another (khalf) came to succeed him.)-Radifa- Be behind something, and literally moving along with it.-Talaa - Follow something repeatedly. This is the word used for the moon when it comes after the sun.

Ayah 8:

قلوب يومئذ واجفةQuloobun yawma idhin wajifah(Some) Hearts - especially on that Day - will shake with Fear.

By not placing AL (the) before Quloob, it signifies that some hearts will shake with fear. Meaning, there are other hearts which will not shake with such a fear on that Day (as will be explained later insha' Allah).

Wajaf - The Arabs would slap (from wajafa) their horse and it would get

scared.  

So the fear Allah described the disbelievers’ heart with is the fear animals had (an insult to the disbeliever).

Since this person fears the calamities on this Day, just like the animals.

Khawf - Afraid of physical danger Khashyah - Afraid of the magnitude of something. (A perceived danger [e.g. losing your job etc.])Khushoo' - An overwhelming feeling of fear and awe which is shown on your face, and limbs and face. We should have this in our Salah.Taqwa - Fear which makes you guard yourself.

In detail:

Khawf خوف Khawf is a perceived danger and a fear of something that is physical. Khawf is the type of fear you’d feel if a dog began to chase you.

Allah subhana wa ta’ala says:

“But as for him who feared (khawf) standing before his Lord, and restrained himself from impure evil desires and lusts.” (79:40)

The Believer has a fear of something that is manifest and real, which is captured in this ayah by the use of khawf. Allah ‘azza wa jal did not say in this ayah that the person fears their Lord, but fears the standing before his Lord, and as a result of this fear, he protected himself from lusts and desires.

On the other hand, Allah says about the disbelievers:

“They do not fear (from khawf) the hereafter.” (74:53)

In another ayah, Allah describes His blessings upon Quraysh:

“(He) Who has fed them against hunger, and has made them safe from fear (khawf).” (106:4)

While most of tribes of Arabia worried about being invaded, or of a war, Allah ta’ala protected Quraysh from this danger and granted them safety in Makkah.

Khashyah خشية  Khashyah is a fear as a result of knowledge and leads to action. It is when you know the greatness and magnitude of what you fear, and as a result, have an awe and reverence of it.

Allah ta’ala tells the Prophet sal Allahu alayhi wa sallam: You can only warn him who follows the Reminder, and fears (from khashyah) the Most Merciful unseen. (36:11)

Allah ta’ala describes the one who will benefit from the Qur’an: He has khashyah of Ar-Rahmaan. By using the Name of Allah, Ar-Rahmaan, it shows the level of their khashyah. We fear Al Jabbaar (The Compellor) and Al ‘Azeez (The All Mighty), but to fear Ar-Rahmaan, The Most Merciful, is the height and true fear of Allah. These people have khashyah of Allah bil ghayb, in the unseen can be interpreted two ways: they fear Allah and have an awe of Him when they are alone and they fear Allah and have an awe of Him even though they do not see Him ‘azza wa jal.

In the famous ayah that most of us know, Allah ta’ala says:

“It is only those who have knowledge among His slaves that fear Allah.” (35:28)

Imam ibn Kathir (rahimahullah) states with regards to this ayah, “Only those who have knowledge truly fear Him as He should be feared, because the more they know about the Almighty, All-Powerful, All-Knowing Who has the most perfect Attributes and is described with the most beautiful Names, the more they will fear Him.”

Khushoo’ خشوع

Khushoo’ is a fear that is manifested not only in your heart but it is shown on your face and limbs. Khushoo’ literally means to bend down and to become still. Khushoo’ is used for the submissiveness of the heart which is reflected on the limbs.

Allah ta’ala states, “Successful indeed are the believers,” (23:1)

And the first quality of these successful believers:

“Those who offer their Salat (prayers) with all solemnity and full submissiveness.” (23:2)

This is the kind of fear that we should have in Salah. This fear should be present on our faces and not just in our hearts. If the heart has khushoo’, the body will have khushoo’. So khushoo’ is not just a state of the heart, it is a state of the heart which is visible in a person’s actions, in their posture, and in their movements.

In this dunya, the believers have this khushoo’, but in the aakhirah Allah states about the Disbelievers:

“Their eyes will be downcast.” (Khashi’ah)(79:9)

These eyes that did not humble themselves to Allah in the dunya, will have fear in the aakhirah. This fear will be apparent on their faces; faces that are full of shame, humiliation and abasement.

Taqwa تقوى

Taqwa is the most common word used for fear. It comes from the root wiqaayah which means to protect and is used for a shield. Taqwa is to protect yourself from the consequences of your own actions. It is to protect yourself in two ways: to abandon sinning and adorn yourself with good deeds because you fear the punishment and displeasure of Allah.

Allah ta’ala says in the Ayat of Hajj:

“And take a provision (with you) for the journey, but the best provision is At-Taqwa” (2:197)

This ayah is beautiful because Allah ta’ala commands us to take provisions during Hajj, that is true reliance upon Allah, but He also advises us to take the provision of the hereafter which is Taqwa.

During Hajj, you are tested with many things and you must also keep away from certain actions that are otherwise Halaal for you to do. The only way one can restrain themselves and be patient during Hajj is to have Taqwa of Allah.

Hadhar حذر

Hadthar is to escape something out of fear and cautiousness because you are in proximity of it. Allah ‘azza wa jal uses this type of fear to describe the hypocrites in many ayaat. He says:

“The hypocrites fear (from hadhar) lest a Surah should be revealed about them, showing them what is in their hearts.” (9:64)

Raw’ روع Raw’ is what is felt when you startle someone or show up out of nowhere and so the person becomes alarmed. It is also defined as respect combined with fear. This word only appears once in the Qur’an to describe the panic that Ibrahim ‘alayhi salaam felt when the Angels refused the food that he offered them:

Then when the fear (raw’) had gone away from Ibrahim, and the glad tidings had reached him, he began to plead with Us (Our messengers) for the people of Lut.” (11:74)

Wajas وجس Wajas is a fear when you hear news that scared you. It also means to hide your fear within you so that you don’t let the person or thing scaring you know that you are scared.

Ibrahim was scared of the angels but he did not let them see his fear: “But when he saw their hands went not towards it (the meal), he mistrusted them, and conceived a fear (wajas) of them.” (11:70)Musa ‘alayhi salaam also felt this hidden fear after he saw what the magicians could do with their staffs:

So Musa conceived fear (wajas) in himself. (20:67)

Wajal وجل Wajal is to have a fear that penetrates deep in your heart. It is a fear in which a person trembles and shivers. The word “mawjil”, from the same root, is a depressed ground for a large deep hole. When you come upon a huge hole in the ground out of nowhere, you are immediately shaken with fear.

This is how Allah ta’ala describes the hearts of the believers; they are immediately awe-struck and the fear of Him penetrates deep into their hearts:

 “The believers are only those who, when Allah is mentioned, feel a fear (wajal) in their hearts.” (8:2)

Rahab رهب Rahab is that kind of a fear that makes you very alert, very careful and does not let you relax. This is the type of fear that students feel during exam time: restless, careful, and concern for passing. It is also fear that you are afraid that you will disappoint the one you love.

Allah ‘azza wa jal commands us to have this fear of Him: Verily, He is (the) only One Deity. Then, fear Me much. (16:51)

The believers call upon Allah while fearing (from rahbah) Him, and hoping (raghbah) in Him. Rahb is also defined as a fear that one has in which he is concerned about saving himself. Allah ta’ala described the hypocrites as being more concerned about saving themselves from the Muslims instead of saving themselves from Allah:

“Verily, you (the believers) are more feared in their breasts than Allah. That is because they are a people who comprehend not.” (59:13)

Ru’b رعب Ru’b is to be overwhelmed with fear and terror that makes you lose your reason.

Allah ta’ala placed this fear in the hearts of the mushrikin of Makkah during the battle of Badr:“(Remember) when your Lord revealed to the angels, “Verily, I am with you, so keep firm those who have believed. I will cast terror (ru’b) into the hearts of those who have disbelieved.” (8:12)

Ru’b is also used to describe the reaction of a person if they entered upon the Companions of the Cave:

Had you looked at them, you would certainly have turned back from them in flight, and would certainly have been filled with fear (ru’b) of them. (18:18)

Allah made the cave so that no person would be able to remain there, such as a passer-by, because the atmosphere was made that the person would feel fright so they would not be able to stay, but rather run in terror.

Shafaq شفق

Shafaq has many meanings in its different forms. Ashfaqa is that fear that some harm will come to a person you love, it is a fear that is mixed with love, such as the love of a mother for her children; she is fearful out of love for them.

The Believers will reminisce in Jannah:

“Saying: “Aforetime, we were afraid (shafaq) in the midst of our families.” (52:26)

This ayah can be interpreted in two ways: Firstly, the believers, even amongst their families, feared Allah, and secondly, they had this shafaq for their families, they were afraid for the aakhirah of their families.

While the believers were mushfiqin in the Dunya, the disbelievers will be mushfiqin in the Aakhirah.

“You will see the wrong-doers fearful (shafaq) of that which they have earned, and it (the punishment) will surely befall them.” (42:22)

When this word is followed by من, min, such as this ayah, it does not mean love at all, but rather a fear in the heart such as apprehension, anxiety, concern and worry. Try and imagine the fear and worry they will feel knowing that Hell-Fire awaits them. Either you are mushfiq now, or will be mushfiq later.

Wajaf وجف

Wajaf is a fear mixed with discomfort. It is when your heart pounds and palpitates so hard out of fear. It is to be agitated and in a disturbed condition. Awjaftul Khayl means ‘I made my horse race forward by making its heart race.’

Allah ‘azza wa jal depicts for us the Day of Judgment:

“Hearts that day will be full of terror.” (79:8)

Again, by not putting an “al” (alif-laam, ال) on quloob, it shows that only some hearts will have this fear on that Day. Some hearts that day will be beating out of their

chests. Also the sentence structure illustrates that these hearts are not scared at the moment, right now they have peace, but on that Day they will experience wajf. Furthermore in the above ayah, waajifah is an ism faa’il (someone who does an act), so their hearts will start pounding and they will not come to rest. The terror will not subside.

Ayah 9:

أبصارها خاشعةabsaaruha khashi'ahTheir vision [the hearts] is in fear (of something greater than themselves).

The visions (of the hearts) because it's not absaruHUM (THEIR visions). It's absaruHA (her vision [referring to the hearts mentioned in the previous ayah – 8]).

This shows that people “see” with their hearts.

Absaar (Baseerah) is to see something with insight. So you see something and it has an impact on your heart and understanding.

What you see will be a reminder for you, so when you see the winds and wonders of Allah's creation - you will reflect and remember Allah.

Those who did not remember Allah in this life with Baseerah (insight) - their hearts on that Day will be in fear. Their eyes will be Khashi'ah - overwhelmed and in extreme fear.

They did not feel fear now (in this worldly life) - and now they will on this Day.

Questions:

1- List 4 Arabic words that refer to a form of “shaking”. Explain each.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2- What are the two “rattles” (blowing of the Trumpet/Soor) for?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3- List 4 Arabic words that refer to “following”. Explain each.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4- What does having no “AL” attached to quloob in Ayah 8 signify?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5- List 12 Arabic words that mean “fear”. Mention the connotation each gives in ONE line per word.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6- Write your thoughts on how eyes have sight (Basar) and hearts having insight (Basirah). What pronoun in Ayah 9 indicates that the fear is related to what people see/realize in their hearts on that day?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7- Which of the following is positive, and which is negative? When might you feel each of these?

على _____________________________________________________ مشفق

من ______________________________________________________ مشفق