Regional Intersectoral Agenda on Social Protection and Productive Inclusion with Equity (ARIPSIP) 2018-2030Approved by the Central American Social Integration Council (CIS), the Central American

Educational and Cultural Coordination (CECC), the Council of Ministers of Health from Central America and Dominican Republic (COMISCA), the Central American Agricultural Council (CAC), the Council of Ministers of Women from Central America and Dominican Republic (COMMCA), the Directing Council of the Institute of Nutrition of Central America, Panama and Dominican Republic (INCAP), the Council for Potable Water and Sanitation of Central America and Dominican Republic (CONCARD-APS), the Directing Council of the Organization for the Fisheries Sector and Aquaculture of the Central American Isthmus (OSPESCA); and backed by the Council of Representatives of the Central American Coordination Center for Natural Disaster Prevention (CEPREDENAC).

In the Declaration of Santo Domingo, adopted in June 2018, the Heads of State and Government of the Member Countries of SICA, express their satisfaction for the approval of this regional strategic instrument and instruct SICA’s institutionality that within the framework of their competencies and the corresponding national legal systems, it provides follow-up to the necessary intersectoral coordination for its fulfillment.

Content

Synonym and acronyms 3

I Background 5

II Justification 7

III Principles 9

IV

Objective and expected results 10

V Strategic intersectoral lines 11

VI

Implementation mechanisms 15

VII

Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms 17

Bibliographic references 18

Annexes 19

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Synonym and acronyms

ALIDES Alliance for the Sustainable Development of Central AmericaARIPSIP Regional Intersectoral Agenda on Social Protection and

Productive Inclusion with EquityCAC Central American Agricultural Council CARICOM Caribbean CommunityCCIE Consultative Committee on Economic IntegrationCCVAH Central American Council of Housing and Human SettlementsCECC/SICA Central American Educational and Cultural CoordinationCELAC Community of Latin American and Caribbean StatesCENPROMYPE Regional Center of MSMEs PromotionCENTROESTAD Central American Statistical Commission of SICACIS Central American Social Integration CouncilCOMISCA Council of Health Ministers of Central America and the

Dominican RepublicCTI Intersectoral Technical CommitteeECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the CaribbeanFAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsFOCARD-APS Central American and Dominican Republic Forum for

Potable Water and SanitationICT Information and Communication TechnologiesIDB Inter-American Development BankINCAP Institute of Nutrition of Central America and PanamaODECA Letter from the Organization of Central American States OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentOIT International Labour OrganizationOSPESCA Central American Fisheries and Aquaculture OrganizationPAHO/WHO Pan American Health Organization/World Health OrganizationSDG Sustainable Development GoalsSE-CAC Executive Secretariat of the Central American Agricultural CouncilSE-CCAD Executive Secretariat of the Central American Commission

for Environment and DevelopmentSE-CEPREDENAC Executive Secretariat of the Coordination Centre for the

Prevention of Natural Disasters in Central AmericaSE-COMISCA Executive Secretariat of the Council of Health Ministers of

Central America and the Dominican RepublicSE-COSEFIN Executive Secretariat of the Council of Ministers of Finance

of Central America, Panama and the Dominican RepublicSG-SICA SICA General SecretariatSICA Central American Integration SystemSIECA Central American Economic Integration SecretariatSISCA Central American Social Integration Secretariat

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STM-COMMCA Women's Technical Secretariat of the Council of Ministers of Women´s Affairs of Central America and the Dominican Republic

UN United NationsUN Women United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the

Empowerment of WomenUNASUR Union of South American NationsUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

OrganizationUNICEF United Nations Children's Fund

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1. BackgroundIn 2015, the member countries of the United Nations (UN), including the eight-member countries of the Central American Integration System (SICA) expressed their commitment to contribute to transform the world, in face of diverse challenges that threaten the well-being of the present and future generations. For this purpose, adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) as a set of priorities based on a greater multifactorial equity; synergies between the social, economic and environmental; and an alignment of the efforts promoted from the global, regional, national and local.

As part of the initial efforts to adopt this international development agenda within the framework of the regional integration process, a cross-sectoral approach was promoted in favors of poverty and hunger reduction, based on the improvement of regional coordination platforms and the construction of synergistic approaches.

In 2017, the "Alliance of Secretariats and Instances of SICA's Social Subsystem was created for its strengthening and in support of SDG compliance"1. In addition, within the framework of the International Forum on School Feeding with Purchases to Family Farming, it is promoted by initiative of the Executive Secretariat of the Central American Agricultural Council (CAC) with the support of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the establishment of an Intersectoral Technical Committee (CTI); where members of the Social Subsystem Alliance had the opportunity to articulate efforts with the economic sector2.

At the XLIX Ordinary Meeting of Heads of State and Government of the Countries members of SICA, where remembers: "To strengthen the coordinated and intersectoral work between the secretariats and institutions of SICA with the objective of responding comprehensively and efficiently to the challenges that the region face". Therefore, the Central American Social Integration Council (CIS) urges to work on an Regional Intersectoral Agenda on Social Protection and Productive Inclusion with Equity (ARIPSIP) to generate synergistic impacts on different SDG, to resume the Integrative vision promoted by the Alliance for the Sustainable Development of Central America (ALIDES) and dynamize the intersectoral efforts already promoted within SICA.

In line with the efforts, an Intersectoral Regional Forum on Social Protection and Productive Inclusion was held3, which provided support to the ARIPSIP by the participating SICA bodies and obtained relevant information for its 1 Formed by the General Secretariat of SICA (SG-SICA), Central American Social Integration Secretariat (SISCA), Central American Educational and Cultural Coordination (CECC/SICA), Executive Secretariat of the Council of Health Ministers of Central America and the Dominican Republic (SE-COMISCA), Women's Technical Secretariat of the Council of Ministers of Women´s Affairs of Central America and the Dominican Republic (STM-COMMCA), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP); and the Central American and Dominican Republic Forum for Potable Water and Sanitation (FOCARD-APS).2 Executive Secretariat of the Central American Agricultural Council (SE-CAC), Central American Fisheries and Aquaculture Organization (OSPESCA) and Regional Center of MSMEs Promotion (CENPROMYPE).

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formulation. In addition, CTI's expansion was facilitated with other secretariats4.

This Agenda is subject to different consultations with the secretariats and/or instances of SICA that are part of the CTI and its national counterparts, FAO, ECLAC and other international organizations.

3 In this space of dialogue participated representatives of the secretariats and instances of SICA that make up the CTI, international organizations and national authorities coordinating the social between the secretariats and instances of SICA, are: SE-COMISCA, CECC/SICA, SE-CAC, STM-COMMCA, INCAP, FOCARD-APS, Central American Economic Integration Secretariat (SIECA), OSPESCA and CENPROMYPE. Among the representatives of the national coordinating authorities of the social, are officials of: Ministry of Social Development of Panama, Technical and Planning Secretariat of El Salvador, Ministry of Human Development and Inclusion of Costa Rica, Secretariat of Social Development and Inclusion of Honduras, Ministry of Social Development of Guatemala and the Cabinet of Social policy Coordination of the Dominican Republic. Representatives of international agencies include: FAO, ECLAC, United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs, UNDP, PAHO/WHO, UN Women, UNESCO, UNICEF, ILO, IDB, World Bank, OECD.4 Executive Secretariat of the Central American Commission for Environment and Development (SE-CCAD), Executive Secretariat of the Coordination Centre for the Prevention of Natural Disasters in Central America (SE-CEPREDENAC); and Executive Secretariat of the Council of Ministers of Finance of Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic (SE-COSEFIN).

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I. Justification

In coherence with the Protocol of Tegucigalpa to the Letter from the Organization of Central American States – ODECA – (1991) and the vision promoted by the Alliance for the Sustainable Development of Central America (ALIDES, 1994). ARIPSIP puts people, families and collectivities in the center; and recognizes the importance of protecting their well-being, in the face of different risks that imply a loss of income or purchasing power, as a strategy not only to reduce poverty, but to build a region more inclusive, equitable, resilient, competitive, productive, democratic, stable and happy.

Social protection contributes to multiple objectives associated with the reduction of social exclusion and the promotion of upward social mobility, such as those associated with the increase in the consumption of goods and services; as well as aggregate demand, continuous improvement of health, food and nutrition, education, access to employment, development of basic infrastructure (energy, water and sanitation), reduction of the precariousness of human settlements, adequate integral risk management of disasters, among others (United Nations, 2017; ECLAC, 2017 and FAO, 2017). It must be connected to more inclusive productive dynamics that open sustainable ways out of poverty, especially in rural areas (FAO, 2015).

Despite the fact that social protection schemes have integrated mechanisms of productive inclusion, these tend to be initiatives with low coverage, problems of coordination with broader strategies and high emphasis on employability and independent entrepreneurship (ECLAC, 2017). Changes in the prevailing economic model and territorial development dynamics are not necessarily considered, even though they are the structural cause of social, economic and environmental exclusion patterns underlying the dynamics of poverty Multidimensional.

The demographic and epidemiological transition (the demographic dividend, the ageing and the coexistence of infectious diseases with chronic degenerative diseases), the territorial dynamics of increasing urbanization and rural backlog, migration, technological revolution, transformations in the labour word and climate change open roads for the promotion of more productive, inclusive and sustainable economic paths in the SICA region; but at the same time, they involve significant risks to the well-being of the millions of people living in multidimensional poverty and the millions who are at risk of falling into it due to a small variation in their income. In turn, they threaten to enhance the effects of the multifactorial matrix of inequality, in the lag of a greater number of people already in conditions of social exclusion or those who are in a situation of social vulnerability.

In this context, social protection and productive inclusion are necessary to: 1) Ensure income that allows for the supply of basic demands for well-being throughout life, especially for the very low-income population; 2) To bring basic services to the population with greater access difficulties, identifying unmet demand and weaving mechanisms for timely care; 3) Generate quality jobs

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(with decent work) and people with the necessary capacities to occupy them; 4) Transform people's expectations of life and how they take advantage of the means and opportunities available to ensure income over time; 5) Protect against (and contain) environmental risks and promote the sustainable use of natural resources by families and small productive units, especially in territories whose biodiversity must be protected; and 6) promote the strengthening of livelihoods and the development of local economic dynamics (multiplier effects) (Bonilla and Crane, 2003; World Bank, 2004; Cecchini, 2016; and FAO, 2017).

Prospectively, the ARIPSIP seeks to define fields of work and priority actions around which intersectoral actions can be articulated that strengthen the capacity of social protection schemes and productive inclusion, to contribute to the development of more inclusive, sustainable and resilient economic systems that generate equitable opportunities, so that no one is left behind.

Faced with the imperative to achieve the different goals of SDG, the ARIPSIP seeks to create synergies between the efforts promoted by different political and technical platforms of the social, economic and environmental sector of SICA, in the light of its competencies. In this sense, the adoption of this instrument means retaking shared priorities, based on the contributions that each sector can make according to its attributions; and to ensure that they are articulate with others, so that they have the desired result and impact.

II.

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One of the aims of SICA established in the Protocol of Tegucigalpa to the Letter from the ODECA is: "To achieve a regional system of welfare and justice in economics and on the society of the Central

American peoples" (Art. 3, literal D).

1. Principles

1. Equity. Under the slogan "Leave no one behind", fight against the exclusion that people face according to their age, gender, disability status, socioeconomic status, race or ethnicity, territory or other reasons.

2. Complementarity. Within the framework of regional integration, to articulate in a timely manner the efforts made in the different geographical scales of intervention and to enhance the synergies between the regional and national and local; and reduce duplication or contradictions between sectors.

3. Solidarity. To promote social cohesion, the resilience of society to face these challenges and horizontal cooperation.

4. Co-Responsibility. To generate commitments and responsibilities shared and coordinated in the process, as well as its results and impact, among the sectors of the public administration at a regional, national and local level. In turn, to foster effective public-private partnerships.

5. Citizen participation. To promote dialogue mechanisms with different actors of civil society and communities that favors the appropriation and temporal sustainability of the progress made.

6. Respect for the territory. To orient, plan and develop economic and social activities according to the characteristics and potentialities of the territories, considering their human dynamics and their ecosystems, including the sustainable and safe use of their resources.

7. Diversity. Each state will decide how to incorporate and implement this Agenda, in accordance with its legislation, its national circumstances and human development plans.

8.

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III. Objective and expected resultsObjective

Develop cross-sectoral strategies that strengthen the capacities of SICA countries to increase social protection and productive inclusion of present and future generations.

Expected results

Greater social protection and productive inclusion that reduce poverty and inequality, with intersectoral work thanks to:

Universal access and universal coverage, equitable and articulated to social protection schemes and services.

Greater productive capacity for the generation of decent employment, entrepreneurship and employability, with a sustainable approach.

The transformation of urban and rural territories is developed from more productive, inclusive, resilient and equitable dynamics.

Comprehensive migration management, under a rights-based approach and systemic optics.

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IV. Strategic intersectoral linesStrategic Line 1. Universal access and universal coverage, equitable and articulated to social protection schemes and services5.

It refers to the articulation of actions in favor of:

1. The comprehensive provision of services for the prevention of various forms of violence in the public and private spheres, throughout the course of life (especially of a primary and tertiary nature), including in emergencies by disaster.

2. The integrality of social protection services associated with early childhood development and the older adult population at social risk.

3. The multicausal reduction of adolescent pregnancy.4. The promotion of school insertion of childhood, in a multilingual and

multicultural educational context, and decrease of dropouts adolescent and youth with a multicausal approach.

5. The elimination of child labour. 6. Sustainable management of potable water, sanitation and hygiene

services, considering access, availability, governance and budgetary enlargement.

7. The expansion of the coverage and quality of comprehensive care services.

8. The generation of strategies and actions that contribute to the reduction of gender gaps in the carrying out of tasks of care and unremunerated domestic work.

9. Healthy lifestyles, including the practice of physical activity and adequate and sustainable food and nutrition at all stages of life and living spaces.

10.Strengthening healthy school food and food education.11.Reducing food waste.12.Improved services and infrastructure critical to the risk of disasters.13.The introduction of technology for the reduction of gaps in access,

development and quality of services, respecting the multiculturalism and the indigenous and afro-descendant worldview.

14.Strengthening the coverage of social protection, especially in lagging territories

Strategic Line 2: Productive capacity for the generation of decent employment, entrepreneurship and employability, with a sustainable approach.

It refers to the articulation of actions in favor of:

1. Women's economic autonomy and the closure of the gender inequality gap in the world of work.

5 This line calls for the extension of universal access and universal coverage of health, food, nutrition, education, culture, housing and potable water and sanitation services among others, taking into account the characteristics of the populations vulnerable.

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2. The generation of upward labour mobility (salary and occupational) with equity and social inclusion, favouring access to management positions in the public and private sector.

3. The reduction of the gaps between the educational profile of the workforce and the one demanded by the market for labour insertion in productive and technological activities.

4. Comprehensive formation and training that generates skills for insertion in areas highly valued by the market, promoting equitable participation, with emphasis on vulnerable groups; and the development of scientific talent for greater absorption and technological production.

5. The generation of social security schemes compatible with the different forms of labour and productive insertion in urban and rural areas.

6. The promotion of greater correspondence between labour productivity and salaries.

7. The strengthening of differentiated mechanisms of socio-labour inclusion for groups of productive age with insertion difficulties.

8. The promotion of favorable and safe working environments that guarantee health and healthy living together.

9. The accelerated universalization of basic digital skills.10.The inclusive impulse of companies in niche markets of the digital,

orange, collaborative and circular economy; and the development of an offer of services to accompany them in the following stages of the venture.

11.The promotion of sustainable enterprises.12.The formalization of economic units and employment.

Strategic Line 3: Urban and rural territories with more productive, inclusive, resilient and equitable dynamics.

It refers to the articulation of actions in favor of:

1. Access to productive resources of families with emphasis on those living in vulnerable situations.

2. The relevant productive inclusion with the practices and traditions of the indigenous and afro-descendant population.

3. The articulation between intelligent, inclusive and resilient cities and development dynamics, including demands for urban mobility.

4. Access to quality housing and the generation of financial services adapted to the capacity to accumulate assets of the population, especially those with the lowest income.

5. The development of urban and rural transport solutions compatible with the demands of the different users.

6. Comprehensive management of water, soils and air, including pollution control.

7. Reducing the fragility of current groundwater and surface water reserves.

8. The articulation between urban, peri-urban and rural areas for sustainable production and the consumption of healthy, nutritious and innocuous foods; and other development processes.

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9. The economic diversification in the Territories and the development of services (financial and non-financial) to the enterprise that are compatible with the differentiated profile of the urban and rural and the future tendencies of the economy.

10.The promotion of financial services for the proper management of disaster risk and climate change of the population in a situation of poverty.

11.The development of the physical and digital infrastructure for logistical communication and the promotion of more inclusive productive dynamics.

12.Innovation and strengthening of the public institutions of territorial development.

13.The reduction in the instability of food prices and the strengthening of supply systems.

14.Reducing food losses throughout food production and marketing. 15.The sustainable expansion of the green and blue economy.16.The construction of sustainable, competitive, inclusive and beneficial

productive chains; and innovation for territorial development.17.Access to family farming, artisanal fishing, aquaculture and micro,

small, medium-sized enterprises to public purchases and local or short-circuit markets.

18.Productive planning with an ecosystem approach and with criteria of prevention and reduction of risk of disasters and measures of adaptation to climate change, according to the territorial context.

19.The production and management of scientific-technical information and cultural educational knowledge; and the incorporation of technology in the integral management of the risk of disasters.

20.Culture for resilient lifestyles and sustainable climate change adaptation processes.

21.The promotion of the increasing application of codes, standards and manuals of design, materials and urban development practices with criteria of prevention, reduction and adaptation of risk of disasters.

22.The promotion of population resilience and livelihoods in the face of disaster risk management and climate change.

23.Territorial planning and development for the promotion of more productive and inclusive connections between urban and rural areas, recognizing elements of territorial identity and cultural diversity.

24.Strengthening social protection programs in rural areas and their synergies with productive activities, nutritional food security and resilience

Strategic Line 4: Integral management of migration, under a rights-based approach and a systematic perspective.

It refers to the articulation of actions in favor of:

1. The generation of educational and economic opportunities in the territories with a greater emigration profile; Through facilitation actions for the operation and marketing from national and transnational productive linkages involving the diaspora.

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2. Humanitarian assistance and the promotion of social inclusion of migrants, with special attention on women, girls, children and adolescents of the SICA region in their respective countries of transit and destination, through public-private partnerships and other Mechanisms.

3. Comprehensive care for returning migrants including psychosocial care.4. The promotion of financial education, productive utilization and social

and family welfare in remittance-receiving households.5. The impulse of mechanisms of regional migratory facilitation for the

social inclusion of the immigrant people from some country of the SICA and the generation of development links between the countries of origin and destination.

6. The development of better international schemes of labour intermediation for permanent, temporary and circular employment with equity.

7. Recognition of studies, degrees and qualifications obtained abroad.

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1. Implementation mechanisms The different actions under the strategic lines will operationalized by regional and national thematic plans of short term (2 years) and medium term (5 years) with a vision to 2030, that are translated in the improvement of political technical and/or juridical instruments of public policy at national and territorial level, according to agreements signed between SICA countries and their priorities. These plans would enhance the implementation of the strategic instruments already in place at regional, national and territorial levels and other agreements already adopted by SICA's various political platforms; and encourage the formulation of new ones, as appropriate.

The formulation of these plans will depart from the centrality of the social fabric among individuals, families and communities in the effectiveness of public policies, but also from the responsibility of States (from their different bodies and levels) and the market in the generation of opportunities and means necessary for the full enjoyment of the rights associated with social protection and productive inclusion. In addition, it will ensure the guarantee of wellbeing not only in a material sense, but also emotional, to transform the expectations of life and provide greater happiness.

Figure 1. Key actors for implementation

Source: Taken from methodology for intersectoral approach.

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In this sense, its implementation would demand the articulation of the efforts made by SICA's governments, international cooperation for development, civil society, the private sector; and the academia at different political levels, technical and consultative political at the regional and national level, according to the rules of SICA and its member countries.

Guidelines for regional coordination

At the regional level, CTI will operate as the main facilitator of the implementation process as a regional platform involving different secretariats and instances of SICA (SG-SICA, SISCA, SE-CECC/SICA, SE-COMISCA, INCAP, FOCARD-APS, STM-COMMCA, SE-CAC, OSPESCA, CENPROMYPE, SE-CCAD, CEPREDENAC) and to which other interested ones can be added. In the fulfillment of their work, the secretariats and bodies of SICA will promote within the framework of the political platforms that technically assist, the adoption of the necessary regional agreements, in coordination with the different Presidencies Pro tempore and in respect of SICA's guidelines.

Work groups will be formed for each of the strategic lines. These will operate as functional networks in which the various members of SICA and other integration partners participate (as deemed appropriate) within the framework of their competencies. They will act as facilitators, a duo of SICA (facilitator and alternate facilitator) that can support each other in the promotion of agreements and the generation of intersectoral inputs for decision-making.

These groups will facilitate the identification of the issues to be addressed by the regional action plans, in coherence with national priorities for the approach of social protection and productive inclusion; and the definition of the most appropriate strategies to articulate efforts with the national intersectoral platforms, with competence in the public policies in the matter.

Role of national coordinating mechanisms for territorial approach

This Agenda will promote the continuous improvement of the intersectoral coordination mechanisms already installed at the national level, in order to promote a greater synergy of the social, economic and environmental for the fulfillment of different objectives of social protection and productive inclusion. In this sense, institutional capacities will be strengthened for the prioritization of issues or actions, the exercise of sectoral rectories in a framework of intersectorality, intersectoral planning, intersectoral mobilization of resources and development of better sectoral information systems for decision-making.

The national authorities will be responsible for promoting the appropriation of key actors in the territory, in accordance with their legal frameworks and realities. In this sense, differentiated mechanisms will be installed to integrate the diversity of relevant stakeholders from the public sector, civil society, the private sector and academia.

Financing

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This Agenda will be implemented through the efforts that countries have already made in the framework of the SDG achievement and their national development plans. In this sense, its initial financing is part of the intersectoral and multiscale alignment of the resources with which the different sectors already count, as a strategy to achieve more and better results in a greater number of prioritized goals. This demands the progressive strengthening of the institutional capacities necessary for the improvement of the public management, such as those associated with the normative frameworks, the organizational schemes, the technical-operational instruments (in terms of planning, targeting, monitoring and/or evaluation) and budgets.

Like the SDG achievement, the implementation of this Agenda requires greater mobilization of resources and the establishment of different partnerships for better and greater financing for development at the regional, national and local levels. While it is the responsibility of the SICA countries to ensure respect for the rights of individuals and to raise sufficient tax revenues to finance the public policies necessary to fulfil them; this can be enhanced with the support of the international community and the private sector in providing better and greater financing for development.

In this way, this Agenda will favor the establishment of official and unofficial international cooperation tables, through which regional and national synergies can be articulated in favor of the priorities set out in the action plans.

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V. Monitoring and evaluation mechanismsThe success of the implementation of this Agenda depends on the establishment of before, during and after evaluation system, under the responsibility of the SISCA in collaboration with the CTI. This system will seek information in a timely manner on the ways forward for intersectorality to work more effectively and introduce it in the improvement of ongoing interventions. Therefore, capacities will be strengthened to evaluate both the implementation process and its impacts; and innovate public management at the regional, national and local levels.

The CTI will promote an evaluation every 4 year, starting from the construction of different guidelines that can be improved according to the learning accumulated by the evaluation practice. The results of this evaluation will have to integrate the progress made in different intervention scales and should be carried out with the support of the different political platforms. The national authorities will play a crucial role in providing information on the national and local processes framed in this Agenda, to the instance designated by SG-SICA for that purpose.

The results of the evaluation will be of knowledge of the SG-SICA and of the CTI's political platforms so that they can reinforce those aspects of intersectoral coordination that are deemed pertinent.

The design and implementation of this monitoring and evaluation mechanism will require great efforts to generate disaggregated data, exchange information and integrate it into increasingly harmonized schemes. More than dual efforts, the satisfaction of these needs will depart from those already carried out in the framework of SDG, to strengthen national statistical systems and to develop different instruments for the improvement of the systems of generation of information for decision-making.

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Bibliographical referencesBanco Mundial (2004). The Contribution of Social Protection to the Millennium Development Goals. New York: Banco Mundial.

Bonilla, A. y Gruat, J. (2003). Social protection: a life cycle continuum investment for social justice, poverty reduction and development. Ginebra: OIT.

Bouskela, M.; Casseb, M.; Bassi, S.; De Luca, C. y Facchina, M. (2016). La ruta hacia las smart cities: Migrando de una gestión tradicional a la ciudad inteligente. Washington D.C.: BID

Cecchini, S. (2016). Tendencias en la construcción de sistemas de protección social en América Latina. En Velásquez, A. y Arguello, A. (2016). Las perspectivas de la protección social y la inclusión productiva en Centroamérica y República Dominicana, en el marco de las tendencias latinoamericanas. San Salvador: Observatorio Centroamericano de Desarrollo Social de la Secretaría de la Integración Social Centroamericana.

Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) (2017). Brechas, ejes y desafíos en el vínculo entre lo social y lo productivo. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL.

Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos México (CNDH) (2017) Informe Anual de Actividades 2017. Web document available at: http://informe.cndh.org.mx/menu.aspx?id=23

Cunill-Grau, N. (2014) La intersectorialidad en las nuevas políticas sociales: Un acercamiento analítico-conceptual. Gestión y política pública V13. N1. México.

Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de España (2004) Cifras INE. Boletín informativo del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, 06. Madrid: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de España.

Ministerio de Desarrollo Social de Uruguay (2014). Cuidados como Sistema Propuesta para un modelo solidario y corresponsable de cuidados en Uruguay. Montevideo: MIDES.

Naciones Unidas (2017). Progresos en el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Informe del Secretario General. Nueva York: Naciones Unidas.

Observatorio Centroamericano de Desarrollo Social de la Secretaría de la Integración Social Centroamericana (OCADES/SISCA) (2018ª). ¿Qué es protección social y para qué sirve? En Serie de Infografías, 80. San Salvador: Secretaría de la Integración Social Centroamericana.

Observatorio Centroamericano de Desarrollo Social de la Secretaría de la Integración Social Centroamericana (OCADES/SISCA) (2018b). Composición intersectorial de la protección social (I). Serie de infografía, 82. San Salvador: Secretaría de la Integración Social Centroamericana.

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Observatorio Centroamericano de Desarrollo Social de la Secretaría de la Integración Social Centroamericana (OCADES/SISCA) (2018c). Composición intersectorial de la protección social (II), Serie de infografía, 83. San Salvador: Secretaría de la Integración Social Centroamericana.

Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO, por sus siglas en inglés) (2017). Marco de protección social de la FAO. Promoviendo el desarrollo rural para todos. Roma: FAO.

Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO, por sus siglas en inglés) (2015). El estado mundial de la agricultura y la alimentación La protección social y la agricultura: romper el ciclo de la pobreza rural

Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) (2006) Clasificación Internacional Normalizada de la Educación 1997. París: UNESCO.

Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) (2006). Strong foundations: early childhood care and education; EFA global monitoring report, 2007. París: UNESCO.

Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) (2018). Empleo decente. Recovered in: http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/decent-work/lang–es/index.htm

Roche, R. (2006) Psicología de la pareja y de la familia: análisis y optimización. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Barcelona.

Velásquez, A. (2016). La inclusión social productiva y los desafíos para las políticas sociales en Centroamérica y República Dominicana. En Velásquez, A. y Arguello, A. (2016). Las perspectivas de la protección social y la inclusión productiva en Centroamérica y República Dominicana, en el marco de las tendencias latinoamericanas. San Salvador: Observatorio Centroamericano de Desarrollo Social de la Secretaría de la Integración Social Centroamericana.

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Annex 1. SICA's strategic social, economic and environmental instruments, including actions related to social protection and productive inclusion (effective January 2018)

• Framework Treaty on Democratic Security in Central America (By its meaning in spanish: Tratado Marco de Seguridad Democrática en Centroamérica)

• Alliance for the Sustainable Development of Central America (By its meaning in spanish: Alianza para el Desarrollo Sostenible de Centroamérica)

• Regional Action Plan on Poverty and Social Protection 2017-2020 (By its meaning in spanish: Plan de Acción Regional sobre Pobreza y Protección Social 2017-2020)

• Regional Policy on Gender Equality and Equity in SICA (By its meaning in spanish: Política Regional de Igualdad y Equidad de Género del SICA)

• Early Childhood Regional Comprehensive Care Plan 2012-2021 (By its meaning in spanish: Plan Regional de Atención Integral a la Primera Infancia 2012-2021)

• Regional Action Plan Aimed at Rural Youth in SICA Countries (By its meaning in spanish: Plan de Acción Regional dirigido a la Juventud Rural en los países del SICA)

• Health Agenda for Central America and the Dominican Republic 2009-2018 (By its meaning in spanish: Agenda de Salud de Centroamérica y República Dominicana 2009-2018)

• Health Regional Policy of SICA 2015-2022 (By its meaning in spanish: Política Regional de Salud del SICA 2015-2022)

• Health Plan for Central America and the Dominican Republic 2016-2020 (By its meaning in spanish: Plan de Salud de Centroamérica y República Dominicana 2016-2020)

• Central American Educational Policy 2013-2030 (By its meaning in spanish: Política Educativa Centroamericana 2013-2030)

• Cultural Policy of Central American Integration 2012 – 2030 (By its meaning in spanish: Política Cultural de Integración Centroamericana 2012 – 2030)

• Regional Food Security and Nutrition Policy for Central America and the Dominican Republic 2012-2032 (By its meaning in spanish: Política de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional de Centroamérica y República Dominicana 2012-2032)

• Regional Development Policy of the Fruitculture 2011-2025 (By its meaning in spanish: Política Regional de Desarrollo de la Fruticultura 2011-2025)

• Strategy for the Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Children 2014-2025 (By its meaning in spanish: Estrategia para la Prevención del Sobrepeso y la Obesidad en la Niñez y Adolescencia de Centroamérica y República Dominicana 2014-2025)

• FOCARD-APS Strategic Plan (By its meaning in spanish: Plan Estratégico FOCARD-APS 2015 – 2020)

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• Regional Sanitation Agenda FOCARD-APS 2014-2018 (By its meaning in spanish: Agenda Regional de Saneamiento FOCARD-APS 2014-2018)

• Central American Strategy on Housing and Human Settlements 2014-2018 (By its meaning in spanish: Estrategia Centroamericana de Vivienda y Asentamientos Humanos (ECVAH) 2014-2018)

• Territorial Planning Agenda of CCVAH 2016-2020 (By its meaning in spanish: Agenda de Ordenamiento Territorial del CCVAH 2016-2020)

• Central American Strategy for Rural Territorial Development 2010-2030 (By its meaning in spanish: Estrategia Centroamericana de Desarrollo Rural Territorial 2010-2030)

• Regional Agro-enviromental and Health Strategy of Central America 2009-2024 (By its meaning in spanish: Estrategia Regional Agroambiental y de Salud de Centroamérica 2009-2024)

• The Climate Smart Agriculture Strategy for the SICA Region 2018-2030 (By its meaning in spanish: Estrategia Agricultura Sostenible adaptada al Clima para la Región del SICA 2018-2030)

• Fisheries and Aquaculture Integration Policy 2015-2025 (By its meaning in spanish: Política de Integración de Pesca y Acuicultura 2015-2025)

• Regional Strategy of SME Productive Articulation (By its meaning in spanish: Estrategia Regional de Articulación Productiva MYPIME)

• Regional Strategic Agenda for Labor and Employment Affairs of the Central American Integration System (By its meaning in spanish: Agenda Estratégica Regional para Asuntos Laborales y de Trabajo del Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana)

• Regional Environmental Strategy Framework 2015-2020 (By its meaning in spanish: Estrategia Regional Ambiental Marco 2015-2020)

• Regional Strategy on Climate Change (By its meaning in spanish: Estrategia Regional de Cambio Climático)

• Central American Policy on Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management (By its meaning in spanish: Política Centroamericana de Gestión Integral de Riesgo de Desastres)

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Annex 2. GlossarySmart city. It is an innovative city that leverages information and communication technologies (ICT) and other means to improve the quality of life, efficiency of operation and urban services and competitiveness, while ensuring to respond to needs of present and future generations as regards economic, social, environmental and cultural aspects.

Care. It comprises different activities through which the key daily necessities for the development and existence of people of different ages are fulfilled, that for different reasons they cannot do it by themselves. Among these needs are those associated with food, cleanliness, clothing, household management, purchases or acquisition of inputs needed for the home, emotional support, maintenance of relations between the areas domestic and public, arising from responsibilities such as accompanying children to school, making paperwork or paying bills or other support activities.

Formal education. Education given in the system of schools, faculties, universities and other formal education institutions that constitute a "stairway" of full-time education for children and young people, which usually begin between five and seven years and continue until 20 or 25. In some countries the upper sections of this "ladder" consist of organized programmes of part-time work and part-time participation in the ordinary school and university system: These programs are called "dual system" or with equivalent terms in the respective countries.

Informal education. Learning that is done in everyday life without clearly established objectives. This expression refers to a permanent process in which each person acquires attitudes, values, competencies and knowledge from his/her daily experience and the influences and educational resources of his/her environment.

Non-formal education. Educational activities organized as a general rule outside the formal education system. This expression is often counterposed to those of formal education and informal education. In different contexts, non-formal education covers educational activities aimed at adult literacy, basic education for children and young people without schooling, the acquisition of skills necessary for daily life and skills professionals, and the general culture. These activities have clear learning objectives, but vary depending on their duration, organizational structure and the fact that they confer or not a certification of learning acquisitions.

Decent employment. The opportunity to gain access to productive employment that generates a fair income, workplace safety and social protection for families, better prospects for personal development and social integration, freedom for individuals to express their opinions, organize and participate in decisions that affect their lives, and equal opportunities and treatment for all, women and men.

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Family. A group of people formed by individuals united by social links, legally consecrated or by blood links.

Vulnerable groups. There are sectors of society, which due to certain conditions or characteristics are more vulnerable to their human rights being violated. This is why it is necessary to work on your protection, advocacy, promotion, enforcement, study and dissemination of your rights. Among these work niches are: migrant people; victims of crime; childhood; youth; greater adulthood; sexuality, health and HIV; equality between women and men; women heads of households; Indigenous households, peoples and communities; people with disabilities; persons within the penitentiary system; among others.

Home. The group of people (one or several) who, on the same date (the census) habitually reside in the same house, thus sharing the same economy.

Productive inclusion. It is a process by which people participate in the productive dynamic, either through the possession of means of production or their incursion in the labour market, on account of others or on their own account.

Intersectorality. Integration of diverse sectors, with a view to the solution of complex social problems whose fundamental characteristic is its multicausality. It implies collaborative relationships, clearly non-hierarchical and even non-contractual.

Social protection. It is a field of public policy that encompasses different mechanisms, through which the welfare of people is protected, in the face of loss of income. Therefore, it comprises a variety of social assistance interventions; health; food and nutrition; culture; education; vocational training; employment; social security; care; information technology; agriculture and fisheries; micro and small business; industry, construction, trade and investment; productive inclusion; science and technology; housing and human settlements; potable water and sanitation; disaster management; public safety; and finances.

Orange economy. It is the set of activities that in a chained way allow ideas to be transformed into cultural goods and services, whose value is determined by their intellectual property content.

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