Classification & TaxonomyDay 1
Classification
Used to:1) Name organisms2) Group organisms in logical order
**Quick Write Activity: Answer the following in your notes:** Why do we need a standard system for naming things?
(get stamps from teacher)
Taxonomy
= scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name
Carolus Linnaeus
=Father of taxonomy; He developed binomial nomenclature
Binomial Nomenclature
= each species assigned a two part scientific nameRules
1. Always written in ITALICS2. First letter of first word capitalized (Genus)3. Second word all lower case (species)4. First word= genus5. Second word=species6. Always in Latin
Example: Homo sapien ( Humans )
Hierarchical System
Taxon= each level in system
KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamily GenusSpecies
King Phillip Came Over ForGood Soup
Phylogeny
= study of evolutionary relationships among organism
A.K.A Cladogram
**There are 3 Domains and 6 Kingdoms**
Bacteria
•Kingdom: Eubacteria Archae
•Kingdom: ArchaebacteriaEukarya
•Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Domain Bacteria
-Only Kingdom=Eubacteria-Characteristics • Unicellular • Prokaryotic • Thick ridged cell wall made of peptidoglycan-Two types • Aerobes= need oxygen • Anaerobes= do NOT need oxygen
Domain Archae
- Only Kingdom= Archaebacteria- Characteristics
• Unicellular• Prokaryotic• Live in extreme environments Example: volcanic hot springs • Cell walls LACK peptidoglycan
- Most are anaerobes
Classification & Taxonomy
Prokaryotic Cells Review1. Only bacterial cells2. Do not have a nucleus3. DNA is found in the cytoplasm4. Do not have membrane bound
organelles
Day 2
Domain Eukarya
- All are Eukaryotic cells-Has 4 Kingdoms
1) Protista2) Fungi3) Plantae4) Animalia
Kingdom Protista
-Eukaryotic-Great variety-Characteristics • Most are single celled • Photosynthetic or heterotrophic
Kingdom Fungi
-EukaryoticCharacteristics: • Heterotrophs • Most feed on dead or decaying matter • Most are multicellular but some are unicellular
Kingdom Plantae
-Eukaryotic Characteristics: • Multicellular • Photosynthetic autotrophs • Cells contain chloroplast • Non-motile • Cell walls contain cellulose
Kingdom Animalia
-Eukaryotic-Very diverse
Characteristics: •Multicellular heterotrophs • Do NOT have cell walls • Most move about during at least part of their life cycle
Eukaryotic Cells Review
-More complex
-Have nucleus
-DNA found in nucleus
-Have membrane bound organelles
-Animals, plants, fungi, and protists