Potential Questions for Paper 2 Changing Places: Nature and importance of place Outline the three different aspects of place. Locale: How people have shaped the place/ what people have built there/ set up there/ meanings they have given the place Location: Physical description of location/ where on a map/ co ordinates Sense of Place: What people feel about the place/ emotional attachment to place Outline what is meant by a near place and a far place. Near: Physically close to a location/ the feeling of being close (e.g. always feeling connected to a hometown when living far away)/ places that are familiar Far: Physically far away locations/ the feelings of not being connected even when in the location/ places that feel strange and different give you a faraway sense of place Distinguish between insider and outsider perspectives on place. Insider: A feeling of belonging/ a place you identify with and feel like you should be there/ people feel strongly about their local area Outsider: A feeling that you should not be there/ out of place/ people don’t feel like they belong/ no connection to a place can be dangerous as less likely to look after a place/ can make people feel angry to be classed as an outsider Sense of belonging to a place. (can be affected by age/ gender/ sexuality/ socio economic status/ religion/ education) Distinguish between near Near: Physically close to a location/ the feeling of being close (e.g.
Transcript
Potential Questions for Paper 2
Changing Places:
Nature and importance of place
Outline the three different aspects of place.
Locale: How people have shaped the place/ what people have built there/ set up there/ meanings they have given the placeLocation: Physical description of location/ where on a map/ co ordinatesSense of Place: What people feel about the place/ emotional attachment to place
Outline what is meant by a near place and a far place.
Near: Physically close to a location/ the feeling of being close (e.g. always feeling connected to a hometown when living far away)/ places that are familiarFar: Physically far away locations/ the feelings of not being connected even when in the location/ places that feel strange and different give you a faraway sense of place
Distinguish between insider and outsider perspectives on place.
Insider: A feeling of belonging/ a place you identify with and feel like you should be there/ people feel strongly about their local areaOutsider: A feeling that you should not be there/ out of place/ people don’t feel like they belong/ no connection to a place can be dangerous as less likely to look after a place/ can make people feel angry to be classed as an outsiderSense of belonging to a place. (can be affected by age/ gender/ sexuality/ socio economic status/ religion/ education)
Distinguish between near and far categories of place.
Near: Physically close to a location/ the feeling of being close (e.g. always feeling connected to a hometown when living far away)/ places that are familiarFar: Physically far away locations/ the feelings of not being connected even when in the location/ places that feel strange and different give you a faraway sense of place
Distinguish between media and experienced place.
Media: A place you know from films/ gaming/ TV/ adverts/ songs/ poems/ they will show a biased reflection of place as they are based on one persons or a groups view/ reality of a place therefore can be very different/ e.g. Hollywood glitz and glamour in reality full of pollution and crime!/ Social media has created Social Landmarks where people feel like they have to go because it reflects the place (everyone who goes tags a photo there)
Experienced: A place you know because you have been there and built your own opinion, sense of place and attachment to place/ everyone’s experience of a place will be different
Outline the three theories/ concepts of place.
Social Constructionist: A place is formed and evolves because of what people do and build in it/ a product of social processesDescriptive: Each place is different and can therefore be described differently/ its location will always be physically different to describe/ layout and buildings different to describe/ make up of people different to describePhenomenological: How an individual personally experiences a place and feels about a place/ how they construct their sense of place/ peoples emotional attachment to place
Outline why experience of place is important when describing a place.
Place is very subjective, if you have not experienced it you will simply be retelling/ describing someone else interpretation of a place from media/ social media/ or word of mouth from other people who have been there/ this can give wrong impressions and make people not want to visit an area
Outline how experience can help people create a sense of place.
They get to know for themselves how the place makes them feel happy, sad/ judge sounds, smells, sights and form their own meaning and attachment to the place. Sense of place is your own unique thoughts and attachment to a place.
Outline how place is important when discussing identity.
Your identity can be formed because of where you come from, often people ask where are you from when first meeting as it has a lot to do with how people may think you are, you may have an accent, dress a certain way, speak particular language, have connections with surrounding places, make you into particular sports etc. Peoples identity can be linked to their local area (living in the mountains)/ regional area (an accent) and nationalism (feel patriotic about their country). E.g. even when people move away from a place they may still follow place based traditions like St Patricks Day for the Irish.
Outline how place may be important to business.
Businesses can make money by tapping into place specific ideas and identities e.g. place based celebrations like St Patricks Day, place based décor like Alpine Lodges, Swedish based furniture Ikea, place based food like Stilton Cheese and Melton Mowbray Pies, hotels do themes and recreate places for people to experience.
Explain the relationship between
Place can make you feel like an insider or an outsider which effects your identity as place can help give you a
place and feelings of identity, belonging and wellbeing.
strong identity as discussed above. If you feel like you belong and are provided for you are more likely to have a better wellbeing in that place. Wellbeing can account for physical health (hospitals/ treatment centres) emotional/ mental health (things to go and do that suit your lifestyle) and economic health (jobs, good schools, affordable housing Sense of belonging to a place can be affected by age/ gender/ sexuality/ socio economic status/ religion/ education therefore your surroundings should account for all of these.
Examine the endogenous factors that influence the character of place.
Topography: Whether the land is flat/ hilly/ mountainous. Flat – Fens – meaning agriculture is prominent for some. Very distinct landscape. Mountains – extreme sport industry/ tourism/ adapt housing to extreme temperatures
Physical geography: Relief/ altitude/ aspect/ drainage/ soil/ rock types are all physical factors that are internal to an area and can affect what it is like. River Nene/ Fens/ Rich clay for brick laying. East Coast (Blue Flag beaches) – huge characteristic of place – creates seaside town
Land use: What has been put on the land? Homes/ Parks/ Business (general multipurpose)/ Cathedral/ Queensgate/ Mosques/ Office Blocks/ Caravans/ Hotels/ Holiday Parks/ Beach/ Gardens/ Entertainment complexes
Built Environment and Infrastructure: Building types/ building age/ building density/ building materials. Railway Station (East Coast Mainline)/ Queensgate/ Cinema/ Football Stadium/ Extra housing when declared a New Town/ Mosques/ Office Blocks/ Caravans/ Hotels/ Holiday Parks/ Beach/ Gardens/ Entertainment complexes
Demographic: Population size/ population age/ gender/ ethnicity/ Economically active/ White British/ Italian/ Pakistani/ Chinese/ White Eastern Europe/ Economically Active/ Old Dependents (retirement destination)/ White British/ White Eastern European
Economic characteristics: Employment opportunities/ educational attainment and qualifications/ income/ health/ crime rates. Mixed skills/ Low skill fenland work/ Low skill manufacturing and distribution
Examine the exogenous factors that influence the character of place.
Relationships with other places: How people are effected by flows of people/ resources/ money and investment. Peterborough: Italy/ Pakistan/ China/ Poland/ Lithuania/ London Skegness: East Midlands Tourists (Railway) Nottingham/ Grantham/ Eastern Europe
Government influence: Decisions made nationally/ locally that have impacted a place. Peterborough: A8 - EU Expansion/ New Town – 1970 (caused expansion of City and helped grow economy) named Environmental Capital/ Skegness: Government/ Railway tourism campaign ‘Skegness is SO bracing!’ encouraged tourism to Skegness by rail from East Midlands (Nottingham/ Grantham for industrial towns to get fresh air at the seaside.
Business influence: Individual business that have provided opportunity and infrastructure that has changed a location. Peterborough: Perkins – created large manufacturing workforce in Peterborough from 1960s- 1990s.Insurance Firms (BGL) have increased finance and business sector jobs.Low skill Distribution Centre – warehouse jobs – IKEA/ Amazon.Skegness: Package holiday companies (Thomas Cook)/ Budget Airlines (Easy Jet/ Ryan Air) Cheaper holidays in Europe – people swap staycation for European beach holidays. Decline in tourism at Skegness for some. Earl of Scarborough turned Skegness into a tourist area along with Billy Butlin (founder of Butlins)
Outline how location can effect the character of a place?
Places that it is close to e.g. major towns and cities/ mountains/ coast.
Outline how topography can effect the character of a place.
Topography: Whether the land is flat/ hilly/ mountainous. Flat – Fens – meaning agriculture is prominent for some. Very distinct landscape. Mountains – extreme sport industry/ tourism/ adapt housing to extreme temperatures
Outline how physical geography can affect the character of place.
Physical geography: Relief/ altitude/ aspect/ drainage/ soil/ rock types are all physical factors that are internal to an area and can affect what it is like.
River Nene/ Fens/ Rich clay for brick laying. East Coast (Blue Flag beaches) – huge characteristic of place – creates seaside town
Outline how the built environment and infrastructure can effect the character of place.
Built Environment and Infrastructure: Building types/ building age/ building density/ building materials. Railway Station (East Coast Mainline)/ Queensgate/ Cinema/ Football Stadium/ Extra housing when declared a New Town/ Mosques/ Office Blocks/ Caravans/ Hotels/ Holiday Parks/ Beach/ Gardens/ Entertainment complexes
Outline how demographic and economic characteristics can affect the character of place.
Economic characteristics: Employment opportunities/ educational attainment and qualifications/ income/ health/ crime rates. Mixed skills/ Low skill fenland work/ Low skill manufacturing and distribution work/ Higher skill insurance/ finance work/ Low unemployment/ low NEET/ Low benefit claimants/ Skegness: Low Skill/ Service based industry/ Seasonal employment/ higher benefit claimants/ higher NEET
Relationships and Connections
Define the term demographic change
Changes that occur in Population size/ population age/ gender/ ethnicity
Define the term economic change
Changes that occur in Employment opportunities/ income/ types of businesses/ deindustrialization/ outsourcing
Define the term social inequality
Changes that occur educational attainment and qualifications/ income/ health/ crime rates some places score high and others low which effects people wellbeing in a place. (Index of multiple deprivation data shows this)
Examine how demographic characteristics are shaped by shifting flows of people, resources, money and investment in a named location.
Shifting flows of people: Migration in and out of a place will change ethnic mix. E.g. Peterborough EU A* expansion Eastern European. As this was a young migration it lower the cities average age and increased birth rate so the city total population increased. Peterborough also influenced by Post War job shortage which encourage Asian migration to the city changing ethnicity and religion in the city.
Shifting flows of resources: As different physical resources such as natural materials or housing resources changes people move with it. E.g. Peterborough Clay was found, London Brick Company moved in Italians and created an Enclave in Stanground.
Shifting flows of money/ investment: As the city was dedicated a New Town it received money to build new townships in Peterborough (Bretton, Werrington, Hamptons, Ortons) This changed where people lived in Peterborough, gave more housing stock for more people to migrate to Peterborough increasing the total pop. It also meant some areas became ethnic enclaves as housing choice meant some people moved out of particular areas.
Examine how socio economic characteristics are shaped by shifting flows of people, resources, money and investment in a named location.
Shifting flows of people: Migration in and out of a place will change socio economic characteristics. E.g. Peterborough EU A8 expansion of Eastern Europeans. More workers in the city, paying more tax money, increasing economy of city, however put pressure on resources such as health and education as the growth was rapid and unprepared.
Shifting flows of resources: As different physical resources such as natural materials are found it can bring business to an area. E.g. Peterborough Clay was found, London Brick Company moved in created a new business in operation and creating new jobs. This grew the area economically and meant social resources such as extra schools, health care units were built for the city.
Shifting flows of money/ investment: Government investment meant Peterborough became a New Town which provided new housing areas for the city which socially improved large areas of the city with new schools and health care facilities, shopping areas and community halls etc.
Examine how external forces such as government policies from local to global have changed a named location.
Local government policies: PECT Peterborough Environment City trust – trying to encourage Peterborough to become a greener coty – the Green Wheel was built to encourage cycling around the city/ Peterborough Car Share Scheme to encourage travel sharing for commuters in the city. Totnes, Devon has introduced a home town policy where it does not let global companies operate if local home town companies already have businesses doing the same thing.
National Government policies: Peterborough New Town Construction: made bigger/ created enclaves/ improved other parts of the city.
Global government policies: EU expansion A8 Eastern European bloc added to the EU meaning an open door migration policy for this region into the UK. Cause high levels of migration into Peterborough due to work opportunities in the surrounding fenland.
Examine how external forces such as decisions of multinationals have changed a named location.
Multi National Companies:London brick Company: Opened up a brick works when clay was found changing the place physically with brick pits and socially by changing ethnic minorities increasing Italian populations in Peterborough. Perkins: Increased workers in the city in the past when the area was known for engineering area if excellence. Physically there were lots of factory units in Peterborough because of this. Overtime they have outsourced their factories and massively reduced the number of secondary jobs in the city. This left derelict buildings. BGL: have filled the gap left by outsourcing of secondary jobs. Lots of office blocks have been built as call centers, contact centers for insurance companies in the city. BGL being one. This has increased job opportunities with higher wages and skills in the city.
Examine how past connections have formed the characteristics of a named location.
Past:Pakistan: Post war job shortages meant migrant workers came to Peterborough.
Italy: Due to the London Brick Company Italian migrants moved over for skilled labour.
Earl of Scarborough: Owned land in Skegness and recognized the beach would be a good tourism area and sold the land to tourist developers.
Examine how present connections have formed the characteristics of a named location.
Present:Eastern Europe: EU A8 expansion has brought eastern European migrants to Peterborough and Skegness.
London: The railway has fast connections to London meaning Peterborough is a commuter city.
Outline how globalization has changed named locations.
Homogenised/ Similar: As we are more connected to places around the world local cultures have been eroded and more likely to have adopted a more universal western culture (listen to the same music/ watch the same films/ wear the same brand clothes) meaning shops and places provide the same services. This is making places more uniform and similar around the world. In some places it is causing clone towns where shops and even the look of the shops and surroundings of shopping centres are the same due to
pre fabricated builds and everywhere looks the same. This has been known to cause placelessness.
Outsourcing: As we outsourced primary and secondary work mining and factory units have shut down. This deindustrialization has changed job types, caused unemployment and social deprivation in areas where many were left on benefits, caused derelict brownfield sites empty in town centres. It has meant that these have been replaced by cleaner, more skilled higher wage tertiary and quaternary jobs in most MEDCS.
Outline how glocalisation has changed named locations.
McDonalds: In some countries with unique descriptive aspects of place and the built environment (cultural cities, the mountains) McDonalds have changed from pre fabricated shop fronts that are identical to blend in with the existing architecture as to not upset the local sense of place. Have also changed tastes of their products and what they sell to fit with local cultures.
Define the term glocalisation.
A global product/ brand adapts to fit with local cultures.
Define localization of place.
A place reinforces is local and unique sense of place fighting against globalization and placeslessness.
Totnes, Devon has introduced a home town policy where it does not let global companies operate if local home town companies already have businesses doing the same thing.
This is known as home town rather than clonetown.
Identify some of the agents of change that may influence the nature and character of places.
Globalisation: Places are becoming more homgenised (similar) will find the same shop brands/ be able to buy exactly the same products regardless of place/ shops even have the same pre fab design and will look the same.Glocalisation/Localisation: Places are trying to retain their individual sense of place by adapting to and preserving their local culture. E.g. McDonalds change flavours for certain products or to adhere to cultural diets. Outsourcing: Due to globalization places have outsourced industries to make companies richer and products cheaper. This creates deindustrialization and means brownfield sites (derelict buildings) become part of a place until they are redeveloped with a new purpose and image.
Migration: due to global groups, business influence and government policies places are changes through flows of people. Can cause overcrowding of services and housing, create poverty stricken enclaves and create racial tension as negative changes to a place. On the plus side a place has additional cultures added which change the feel and built environment of a location. Businesses: responsible for outsourcing/ can be responsible for migration/ can bring investment into locations and cause them to be redeveloped.
Suggest reasons to explain how the demographic and cultural characteristics of a place are changed.
Globalisation: Places are becoming more homgenised (similar) will find the same shop brands/ be able to buy exactly the same products regardless of place/ shops even have the same pre fab design and will look the same.Glocalisation/Localisation: Places are trying to retain their individual sense of place by adapting to and preserving their local culture. E.g. McDonalds change flavours for certain products or to adhere to cultural diets. Outsourcing: Due to globalization places have outsourced industries to make companies richer and products cheaper. This creates deindustrialization and means brownfield sites (derelict buildings) become part of a place until they are redeveloped with a new purpose and image. Migration: due to global groups, business influence and government policies places are changes through flows of people. Can cause overcrowding of services and housing, create poverty stricken enclaves and create racial tension as negative changes to a place. On the plus side a place has additional cultures added which change the feel and built environment of a location. Businesses: responsible for outsourcing/ can be responsible for migration/ can bring investment into locations and cause them to be redeveloped.
Outline the possible impacts on the economic development and social inequality in a place resulting from external forces operating at different scales.
Multi National Companies:London brick Company: Opened up a brick works when clay was found changing the place physically with brick pits and socially by changing ethnic minorities increasing Italian populations in Peterborough. Perkins: Increased workers in the city in the past when the area was known for engineering area if excellence. Physically there were lots of factory units in Peterborough because of this. Overtime they have outsourced their factories and massively reduced the
number of secondary jobs in the city. This left derelict buildings. BGL: have filled the gap left by outsourcing of secondary jobs. Lots of office blocks have been built as call centers, contact centers for insurance companies in the city. BGL being one. This has increased job opportunities with higher wages and skills in the city.
Local government policies: PECT Peterborough Environment City trust – trying to encourage Peterborough to become a greener coty – the Green Wheel was built to encourage cycling around the city/ Peterborough Car Share Scheme to encourage travel sharing for commuters in the city. Totnes, Devon has introduced a home town policy where it does not let global companies operate if local home town companies already have businesses doing the same thing.
National Government policies: Peterborough New Town Construction: made bigger/ created enclaves/ improved other parts of the city.
Global government policies: EU expansion A8 Eastern European bloc added to the EU meaning an open door migration policy for this region into the UK. Cause high levels of migration into Peterborough due to work opportunities in the surrounding fenland.
Shifting flows of people: Migration in and out of a place will change socio economic characteristics. E.g. Peterborough EU A8 expansion of Eastern Europeans. More workers in the city, paying more tax money, increasing economy of city, however put pressure on resources such as health and education as the growth was rapid and unprepared.
Shifting flows of resources: As different physical resources such as natural materials are found it can bring business to an area. E.g. Peterborough Clay was found, London Brick Company moved in created a new business in operation and creating new jobs. This grew the area economically and meant social resources such as extra schools, health care units were built for the city.
Shifting flows of money/ investment: Government investment meant Peterborough became a New Town which provided new housing areas for the city which
socially improved large areas of the city with new schools and health care facilities, shopping areas and community halls etc.
Meaning and representation
Define the term perception of place.
What people think about a place, how they perceive it.
Define the term representation of place.
How other people create the identity and description of a place.
Define the term lived experience of place.
When someone have been to a place and has a true sense of place and opinion of a place.
Outline the different types of attachment people may have to place.
Examine how positionality will make people perceive places differently.
Age: Young like different things to old people therefore they will think different things about locations. Gender: Some would argue some places are more traditionally created for men or women to enjoy and they might like different things.Sexuality: SOHO in London has a range of gay bars making certain people feel more comfortable to go to those places and perceive them as fun places to go. Socio economic status: People from different wealth backgrounds may enjoy doing different activities because they can be based on what they can afford to do. Religion: Depending on beliefs some people may find some places more important than others.Education Level: More intelligent people may enjoy places that others do not.
Examine how one place may have two different representations.
Los Angeles: Media representations of Los Angeles may be more positive, based on Hollywood, Beverly Hills, Palm Trees, good weather, celebrities, wealth. Realistic represent
Amsterdam: Can be seen by some as a place to indulge in illegal behavior. Amsterdam have relaxed drug and prostitution laws making its smoking cafes and Red Light District unique selling points for the city. On the flip side Amsterdam is known for its art and historic culture. The Rembrandt Museum and Anne Frank
Museum and beautiful historic architecture are the other side to this location.
Belfast: Used to be known as a no go area in the 1970’s due to the ‘troubles’ in which terrorist organisations made the city a dangerous place to be due to clashes between Protestant and catholic inhabitants of the city. Belfast is now a popular tourist destination for the Guinness Brewery, good night life, The Titanic Museum and entertainment area at the docks where there is now a huge arena (SSE Odyssey Arena)
Define the term sense of place.
How people feel about a place, their unique description and connection/ attachment to a place.
Explain how people can develop a sense of place and what this means for their individual identities, perspectives and memories.
Los Angeles: Media representations of Los Angeles may be more positive, based on Hollywood, Beverly Hills, Palm Trees, good weather, celebrities, wealth. Realistic represent
Amsterdam: Can be seen by some as a place to indulge in illegal behavior. Amsterdam have relaxed drug and prostitution laws making its smoking cafes and Red Light District unique selling points for the city. On the flip side Amsterdam is known for its art and historic culture. The Rembrandt Museum and Anne Frank Museum and beautiful historic architecture are the other side to this location.
Belfast: Used to be known as a no go area in the 1970’s due to the ‘troubles’ in which terrorist organisations made the city a dangerous place to be due to clashes between Protestant and catholic inhabitants of the city. Belfast is now a popular tourist destination for the Guinness Brewery, good night life, The Titanic Museum and entertainment area at the
docks where there is now a huge arena (SSE Odyssey Arena)
Kos, Greece: To European tourists Kos is a place for hot sunny weather, cocktails by the pool, beautiful beaches and clear water and Greek food and culture. For migrants from Syria and parts of Africa they see the island as an escape from war and a place to get them passage on into Europe.
Old Trafford, Manchester: For people living in Manchester this is either their place of worship, place of hatred or somewhere they don’t care about dependent on their own feelings for football and their individual sense of place.
Using a named location examine how one location can have different place meanings.
Kos, Greece: To European tourists Kos is a place for hot sunny weather, cocktails by the pool, beautiful beaches and clear water and Greek food and culture. For migrants from Syria and parts of Africa they see the island as an escape from war and a place to get them passage on into Europe.
Old Trafford, Manchester: For people living in Manchester this is either their place of worship, place of hatred or somewhere they don’t care about dependent on their own feelings for football and their individual sense of place.
Examine how external agencies can influence and create place meaning?
Amsterdam: Cultural groups (Art and Historic) have campaigned to changed Amsterdam’s view to the outside world. Sculptures have been put up in the city infront of buildings they want to promote through social media. The I AM Sterdam is a good example of this infront of one of the famous museums/ art galleries.
SO Festival: In Skegness an organization has formed to try and remind people of the busy times in Skegness. They have used an old slogan that National Railways used in the 1960s. But this time the SO festival offers something for every age to entice more people to the seaside in the summer months.
Vivacity: Peterborough’s Historic/ Cultural/ Event organization. Owns Peterborough Gyms/ swimming pools/ Cathedral/ museum/ theater to centrally coordinate what is going on and promoting events in the city.
PECT: Peterborough Environment City Trust –
Peterborough was chosen as one of the country’s 6 environment capitals. This organization leads development of their projects.
Examine how external agencies can influence place meaning and shape the actions and behaviors of individuals and businesses in named locations. .
Amsterdam: Cultural groups (Art and Historic) have campaigned to changed Amsterdam’s view to the outside world. Sculptures have been put up in the city infront of buildings they want to promote through social media. The I AM Sterdam is a good example of this infront of one of the famous museums/ art galleries.
SO Festival: In Skegness an organization has formed to try and remind people of the busy times in Skegness. They have used an old slogan that National Railways used in the 1960s. But this time the SO festival offers something for every age to entice more people to the seaside in the summer months.
Vivacity: Peterborough’s Historic/ Cultural/ Event organization. Owns Peterborough Gyms/ swimming pools/ Cathedral/ museum/ theater to centrally coordinate what is going on and promoting events in the city.
PECT: Peterborough Environment City Trust – Peterborough was chosen as one of the country’s 6 environment capitals. This organization leads development of their projects.
Outline how your local place is represented.
Peterborough:Shopping (Queensgate)Good Jobs (BGL – growing job sector securing average 8,000 a year)Peterborough United FootballGigs/ Theatre (event city)Multi EthnicHistorical (Cathedral)RecreationCinemaTrain StationCrimeCrowded
Outline how your distant place is represented.
Skegness:Fish and ChipsArcadesBeachSandcastlesHolidaySummerDays Out
FamilyCheapTackyOld Fashioned
Examine how your local place can be represented differently and give contrasting images of place.
Peterborough:Positive: Shopping (Queensgate)Good Jobs (BGL – growing job sector securing average 8,000 a year)Peterborough United FootballGigs/ Theatre (event city)Multi EthnicHistorical (Cathedral)RecreationCinemaTrain StationNegative:CrimeCrowdedRacial tension
Examine how your distant place can be represented differently and give contrasting images of place.
Skegness:Positive: Fish and ChipsArcadesBeachSandcastlesHolidaySummerDays OutFamilyCheapNegative:TackyOld FashionedRun DownSeasonal
Outline what tourist material suggests about a named location compared to map and census data.
Los Angeles:Tourist material: Celebrities/ wealthy/ palm treesData: Multi ethnic/ migration issues/ gun and gang related crime/ poverty/ large numbers of homeless
Outline what local art exhibitions show about named locations.
Mural, Gladstone Street, Peterborough:Multicultural White British/ Pakistani Heritage playing together to show community cohesion in the area.
Outline what songs/ poems shows about named locations.
Fish, Chips and Donkey Ridez by 50 Sniffs (Skegness)
Examine how places can be represented differently in tourist and media material compared to statistical data.
Los Angeles:Tourist material: Celebrities/ wealthy/ palm treesData: Multi ethnic/ migration issues/ gun and gang related crime/ poverty/ large numbers of homeless
Examine development of place in the past influence the social and economic character of a named local place?
History of Peterborough:The Anglo-Saxon period saw the establishment of a monastery, Medeshamstede, which later became Peterborough Cathedral. The population grew rapidly following the arrival of the railways in the 19th century, and Peterborough became an industrial centre, particularly noted for its brick manufacture. Now known for multicultural make up and enclaves and due to migration the second fastest growing city in the UK.
Examine development of place in the past influence the social and economic character of a named distant place?
History of Skegness:In White's Directory for 1842 we read that Skegness had a population of only 185 people, it is described as a `pleasant village'. At that time there were only two hotels and several private lodging houses but even then bathing machines were stationed on the beach and there was a lifeboat to rescue survivors of the many small fishing boats which found themselves in trouble. It was also a small port with `upwards of 6000 tons of coal being landed here in the summer of 1841'.
Visiting the seaside became ever more popular over the years though at first only the better off people were able to take advantage of the facilities provided. In the 1870's the Earl of Scarborough, landowner of Skegness at that time, decided to improve the town and with estate agent V.Tippet plans were drawn up for new streets and houses which extended to what is now Scarborough Avenue. This was a piece of very advanced planning for the time. The area was laid out in a very sensible geometric pattern with wide roads, wide verges and footpaths, all of these are still adequate even for today's traffic.
It was not until the coming of the railway to Skegness in 1873 that the town really began to grow. The rail link with the midland towns meant it was possible for the working class people to spend a day at the seaside. At first there was only a single line and it was not until 1900 that it was made a double track. Winston Kyme in his book, `Skeggy the story of a seaside town' says that on August Bank Holiday 1882 the railway brought 22,000 day trippers to Skegness. 20,000 of them paid to go on to the pier which had only just been erected. By this time the population of Skegness had grown to 1400.
Meantime Skegness has grown to a famous holiday town having a resident population of around 17,000.
Examine how the current development of place influence the
PECT: as a nominated environment capital the city is meant to be developing green strategies.
social and economic character of a named local place?
Vivacity: as event/ historic/ cultural city Peterborough can expect more investment into these areas to do up Cathedral/ museum and invite more events to the city.
Railway: Peterborough continues to be on the busy Great North eastern Railway line with fast connections to London/ Leeds/ Grantham/ Edinburgh. Making it an important transport hub and commuter line to big cities for better paid jobs.
BGL: Large companies are investing in the city and improving tertiary job opportunities.
Examine how the current development of place influence the social and economic character of a named distant place?
SO FestivalTo encourage more people of more ages and social background back for days out in Skegness not just older clientele.
Why do central and local government want to change perception of place?
Amsterdam: From negative ideas (drugs and prostitution) to positive tourism for art, history and culture.
Peterborough: To encourage people to see it as a positive place to live with lots to do and raise the profile of its multicultural heritage as a positive by events that show case the cultures/ foods/ music etc of the city.
Skegness: To encourage more people of more ages and social background back for days out in Skegness not just older clientele.
Why do corporate bodies want to change perception of place?
Peterborough:
Skegness:
Why do local or community groups want to change perception of place?
Green backyard: Believe there needs to be more community groups working in Peterborough. Free activities for families and those who enjoy and want to protect the environment. Brings environment and art and well being together.
Outline the quantitative data used to investigate places.
Cencus DataIndex of Multiple DeprivationCheckmyfile.comEconomic ReportsConsumer Data Research Centre (CDRC Maps)
Analyse the effectiveness of quantitative data sources.
Good: Reliable/ large data sets/ easier to analyse and use for data presentation/ compare change over timeBad: Large data sets/ no reasons why/ raw data hard to use and look through
Analyse the effectiveness of qualitative data sources.
Good: Descriptive/ reasons why/ opinions/ variety of opinions/ locals/ open/ better when mixed with quanititativeBad: Not reliable/ smaller data sets/biased/ hard to analyse
Place Studies
Name your local place of study.
Peterborough
Describe the location of your local place of study.
Cambridgeshire/ East Anglia/ 70 Miles North of London/ River Nene/ Gladstone south of City Centre
Name your distance place of study.
Skegness
Describe the location of your distant place of study.
Lincolnshire/ East Lindsay District/ East Coast/ North of the Wash
Compare and contrast your two places of study.
Similarities:Demographic: Some Eastern European Migration/ White British/ Economically Active/ Secular Society
Socio Economic: Mainly Tertiary jobs/ CD Social status of people
Differences:Demographic: Peterborough more Eastern European Migrants/ Pakistani Migrants/ Italian Migrants/ Younger Population due to higher birth rate/ Higher total population (60,000)
Socio Economic: Peterborough more economically active/ Skegness more NEETS/ More unemployment/ More leaving school without qualifications
Outline peoples lived experience of the local place.
ShoppingGood JobsPeterborough United FootballGigsMulti EthnicHistoricalRecreationCinemaTrain StationCrimeCrowded
Outline peoples lived experience of the distant place.
Fish and ChipsArcadesBeachSandcastlesHolidaySummerDays OutFamilyCheapTackyOld Fashioned
Outline peoples lived experience of the local place in the past.
Outline peoples lived experience of the distant place in the past.
Fishing TownDays OutYoung Families
Outline the changing demographic in your local place.
Shifting flows of people: Migration in and out of a place will change ethnic mix. E.g. Peterborough EU A* expansion Eastern European. As this was a young migration it lower the cities average age and increased birth rate so the city total population increased. Peterborough also influenced by Post War job shortage which encourage Asian migration to the city changing ethnicity and religion in the city.
Shifting flows of resources: As different physical resources such as natural materials or housing resources changes people move with it. E.g. Peterborough Clay was found, London Brick Company moved in Italians and created an Enclave in Stanground.
Shifting flows of money/ investment: As the city was dedicated a New Town it received money to build new
townships in Peterborough (Bretton, Werrington, Hamptons, Ortons) This changed where people lived in Peterborough, gave more housing stock for more people to migrate to Peterborough increasing the total pop. It also meant some areas became ethnic enclaves as housing choice meant some people moved out of particular areas.
Outline the changing demographic in your distant place.
Skegness:White British – has remained majority white British with some movement from Eastern Europe after the A8 in 2004. This is due to some work available in the rural areas around Skegness.The age in Skegness has changed, it is now regarded as a retirement area due to the built environment, reminders of child hood holidays and services and entertainment available. This has created an ageing population in Skegness.
Outline the changing economy and social inequalities in your local place.
Peterborough:Used to be low skill manufacturing and distribution work
Major change to…
Growing economy (investment into infratsuture clear due to development around the train station and Cathedral Square)More chain restaurants and redevelopment of shops in the centre show people have good disposable income levels in the city due to good jobs. Growing jobs: companies are moving to Peterborough BGL insurance expansion and other insurance call centres in the area. Addison Lee Taxi company have introduced a call centre with 1000’s more jobs created. Growth of 8,000 jobs a year in tertiary sector.
Still some Mixed skills/ Low skill fenland work/ unemployment/ low NEET/ Low benefit claimants
IMD does show some of the central wards of Peterborough to be low on the IMD database but outskirts (New Town developments) doing better.
Outline the changing economy and social inequalities in your distant place.
Skegness:Used to be Fishing port with Primary work dominant in the town.Now Low Skill/ Service based industry/ Seasonal employment.
There are higher benefit claimants and higher NEET.
The social level of the population tends to be DE which is low.
On IMD Skegness appeared in the bottom 10% for most characteristics such as crime/ unemployment etc.
Outline statistics used to analyse place.
Cencus DataIndex of Multiple DeprivationCheckmyfile.comEconomic ReportsConsumer Data Research Centre (CDRC Maps)
Outline the types of maps helpful when analyzing place.
Old contrasting new OS maps.Digital GIS maps that have layers of information plotted (e.g. Index Multiple Deprivation/ CDRC)
Outline types of geospatial data useful when analyzing place.
Digital GIS maps that have layers of information plotted (e.g. Index Multiple Deprivation/ CDRC)
Outline how photographs are useful when analyzing place.
Taken from a particular perspective so you can see other people’s sense of place. The focus of the photo can show specific detail of place.
Outline how different types of text can help you analyse place.
Tourist brochures/ online blogs/ newspaper articles all written for a particular reason and will have a focus and bias which must be recognized when using the text to analyze place.
Outline how different types of audio visual material can help you analyse place.
TV adverts/ music videos/ news reports/ holiday film. Again all taken for a particular reason and will have a focus and bias which must be recognized when using the text to analyze place.
Outline types of art that have been useful when analyzing place.
Murals/ Sculpture/ Graffiti are designed to show something unique about a place by an artist who is trying to show something unique about the place studied.
Outline what oral sources can be used when analyzing place.
