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South Asia
Welcome to India Since the mid-1700s, Britain controlled India Changes that benefitted India
Ending slavery, improving schools, building railroads
Changes that hurt India Imported the Indian cotton for their own profit Only British officials in power positions
Mohandas Gandhi – led India to independence Believed in nonviolent resistance such as boycotts British eventually agreed to establish provinces in
1935 that were governed entirely by Indians
Indian Independence
Hindus vs. Muslims
Muslims generally poorer workers Hindus often landowners
Britain agreed to give independence to India Created mostly Hindu Republic of India Northern part formed nation of Pakistan where most
Muslims lived Violent Partition
Hindus in the north moved south, Muslims in the south moved north to Pakistan
India and Pakistan have had 3 wars since independence
India Pakistan Border
Religious Conflict
Newly independent Pakistan had two regions,
West and East Pakistan West – different ethnic groups, spoke Urdu East – Bengali ethnic group
West Pakistan contained factories while East Pakistan was mostly agricultural East Pakistan felt that they were being treated
unfairly Fighting between East and West started and
India joined the side of the East Pakistanis East Pakistan became the country of Bangladesh
Bangladesh
Majority of people practice Hinduism The Caste System – social hierarchy
People can improve their position in the next life by carrying out their duties
Religion of India
About 70% of Indians live in villages and farm Rural Housing
The quality of house depends on your status Food – Indians follow a mostly vegetarian diet
Hindus don’t eat meat, Muslims do not eat pork Clothing – light and loose clothing because so
humid Some Indian women cover their faces
Family Life – Families in India are generally large Signs of Change – Most villages have electricity
Television reaches 75% of all Indians Indian film industry is very big
Village Life
Life in Towns
Most people live in small or medium-sized towns
Life in Cities Mumbai (Bombay) is the country’s busiest port,
financial center, and more crowded than NYC Mumbai Chennai and Kolkata are east coast centers of
commerce and shipping industry New Delhi is India’s capital
Urbanization
Advances in Farming
India’s main goal is to feed its growing population Better farming methods, increased irrigation, and
higher quality seeds have helped Expanded Industry
One of the world’s leading industrial nations Education
Literacy rate has continued to increase Children fail to complete school to help in the fields
Health Care Many Indians cannot afford basic medical care Unhealthy water is a problem in rural areas
Economic Improvements
Irrigation and Electricity
Indus River basin contains most of the country’s agricultural areas and hydroelectric power stations
Tarbela Dam built to control Indus River National Challenges
Most Pakistanis speak Punjabi but the official language is Urdu
Pakistan has been involved in recent conflicts Allowed U.S. troops to use Pakistan as a base Pakistan
Pakistan
Ethnic Diversity
Many different ethnic groups with conflicting opinions about Islamic beliefs and practices
Buffer State Britain and Russia failed to conquer Afghanistan It became a buffer state between these two powers
Terrorism and War Soviets withdrew in 1989, Taliban began its control Post 9-11, U.S. launches attack that removes
Taliban Tried to establish a democratic government Aftermath of Afghanistan War
Afghanistan
Challenging Climate – primarily tropical wet
Pros – abundant water supply and fertile soil enable farmers to plant and harvest year round
Cons – rivers overflow, fierce tropical storms sweep in and submerge the land
Overpopulation Top 10 in terms of population As many people as Mexico and Canada
combined Because of the overpopulation and natural
disasters, hunger has been an issue Preparing for Disasters
Bangladesh
Nepal
Mount Everest is located in Nepal Southern lowlands are hot and humid Tropical crops flourish – citrus fruits, sugar cane, rice 90% Hindu Allows tourists to come climb its mountains Mount Everest
Bhutan Climate similar to Nepal 75% Buddhist Stricter on who they allow into their country Bhutan
Nepal and Bhutan
Referred to as “a tear dropped off the subcontinent of
India” – means Magnificent Island Environmental Change – tropical climate
Heaviest rains fall in the SW part Major crop is tea, Sri Lanka produces about 1/8 of the
world’s tea Much of the rain forest has been removed for farming
and development Social Unrest
¾ of Sri Lankans are Sinhalese, rest Tamils Religion and language split the groups Sinhalese practice Buddhism, Tamils practice Hinduism Sri Lankan Civil War
Sri Lanka