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Progressive Era
Warm-up
What are some of the problems of city life?
Announcements
Theme
Our theme for this unit is about the Role of Government in our lives.
Our Unit question is: ): To what extent does government have a role in your life? In other words what should government be allowed to do and not allowed to do? Why?
Recap
Reconstruction What is it? When was it? What happens next?
Timeline
Reconstruction: 1865-1876 Industrialization: late 1800s: A huge
growth of the economy that made some people very rich but at the expense of workers.
Progressive Era: early 1900s (ends around 1920)
Question of the Day
What problems of society is the government responsible for fixing?
Quote Analysis
A hundred thousand people lived in rear tenements in New York City last year. Here is a room neater than the rest. The spice of hot soapsuds is added to the air already tainted with the smell of boiling cabbage, of rags and uncleanliness all about. It makes an overpowering compound.
- How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis Summarize the quote in one sentence. What did you use to summarize this?
Picture analysis 1
Picture analysis 2
Picture analysis 3
Picture analysis 4
Picture analysis 5
Picture analysis 6
Picture analysis 7
Picture analysis 8
Picture analysis 9
Picture analysis 10
Picture analysis 11
What problems did these pictures show?
Intro to the Progressive Era: Muckraking
Vocabulary
Progressive Era: The period of time between the 1890s and 1920s when social, political and economic reform occurred in the United States.
Muckrakers: Journalists or photographers who worked to expose the problems of the time like corruption and poverty
Conditions in the Slums
Many urban residents lived in poverty and labored under very hard conditions.
Cities were not set up for the enormous population.› 1 house = 12-16 families› Lack of fire protection
No indoor plumbing, so waste ended up in the streets.› Contagious diseases
spread quickly such as tuberculosis and pneumonia.
Problems in Workplace Sharp blades threatened
meatpackers Cotton dust plagues
textile workers Fire was a risk to
everyone in tight factory conditions.
Children as young as 6 years old were working in factories to help support struggling families.
“Life in a factory is perhaps, with the exception of prison life, the most monotonous life a human being can live”
Unsafe Products: Buyer Beware
Increased production meant that more products were available, but buying them was not always a good idea.
Things found in meat:› Rat dropping› Rats› Borax› Formaldehyde
Medicine consisted of:› Narcotics› Morphine› Opium› Cocaine
What is Progressivism?
The progressives took action in response to these problems.
Wanted to improve society by› Promoting social welfare› Protecting the environment› Making government more efficient and democratic
Wanted government to solve society’s problems.
Progressives were not a unified group but all shared a commitment to progress and the belief that they could improve society.
Who are muckrakers?
Group of journalists within the Progressive Movement
They uncovered the nation’s problems and wrote about them.
“raked the mud of society”› TheodoreRoosevelt
Muckrakers Respond to City Problems
Sought to expose city life problems
Conditions in Slums› Muckrakers blamed city
governments for failing to provide adequate roads, sewage and power systems, and transportation.
› Jacob Riis writes a book to expose “How the Other Half Lives” including disturbing photographs
Response to Problems in the Workplace
Muckrakers exposed terrible working conditions.
Initiative: when everyday American citizens tried to address the problems in the United States by proposing laws & changes
A push for laws where children were required to go to school.
Response to Unsafe Products
In 1906, Upton Sinclar wrote The Jungle.› Unsanitary conditions
in meatpacking plants
Muckrakers protested that big businesses were growing richer, while small businesses and the poor struggled even harder to survive.
B. Features of Progressive Reform (cont.)
Desire to make society more moral and more just
Desire to distribute income more equitably
Desire to broaden opportunities for individual advancement
Women were active in progressivism--Suffragettes like Susan B. Anthony
IV. Progressive Amendments to the Constitution
Progressive reliance on the law
16th Amendment (1913)—federal income tax
17th Amendment (1913)—direct election of senators
18th Amendment (1919)—prohibition
19th Amendment (1920)—vote for women
Document comparison: the Jungle and Fast Food Nation
African Americans during the Progressive Era
Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois
W.E.B. Dubois
Founder of the NAACP
Got a Ph.D from Harvard
Believed in political rights over economic rights
Talented tenth
Booker T. Washington
Born into Slavery to a white father and a slave mother
Believed it was more important to gain economic rights
Poem
Your turn
Pretend you are a modern day Muckraker, write an expose on a problem you see in society (at least 1 paragraph)