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What is Biosphere 2? How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

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What is Biosphere 2? How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now
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Page 1: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

What is Biosphere 2?How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth?

Do Now

Page 2: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

ENGINEERING EARTH

A desert experiment gone awry

CHAPTER 6 ECOSYSTEMS AND NUTRIENT CYCLING

Page 3: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

WHAT IS THE BIOSPHERE?

The total area on Earth where living things are

found.

Page 4: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

The biosphere is basically the sum of all ____________ in a given area, representing all the organisms in that area as well as the physical environment in which they interact.

A. habitatsB. ecosystemsC. biomesD. communities

Clicker Question

Page 5: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

HOW IS LIFE IN THE BIOSPHERE ORGANIZED?

Page 6: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.
Page 7: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

HOW DOES THE BIOSPHERE FUNCTION?

Page 8: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

The biosphere functions through two fundamental processes:

energy flow and nutrient cycling.

Page 9: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

The Earth is energetically open but materially closed.

Page 10: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

WHAT IS A BIOME?

Page 11: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

A biome is a distinctive type of ecosystem determined by climate and identified by the predominant vegetation and organisms that have adapted to live there.

Page 12: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

HOW MANY DIFFERENT BIOMES ARE THERE?

Page 13: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

Biomes can be divided into three main types — terrestrial, marine, and

freshwater.  

Within these categories are several subgroups.

Page 14: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.
Page 15: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

How was Biosphere 2 designed to mimic the biosphere?

Page 16: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

Do Now

• How was the Biosphere 2 designed to mimic Earths biosphere?

• What did the study accomplish?• What went wrong, and what lessons

can be learned for future similar experiments?

Page 17: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

BIOSPHERE BIOSPHERE 2

The biosphere is a large and complex system with many different biomes and ecosystems that all contribute to overall function.

Biosphere 2 also has several biomes contributing to overall function. But being approximately 3 acres in area, the challenge was including a variety of biomes in such close proximity.

Page 18: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.
Page 19: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

WHY ARE BIOMES FUNCTIONALLY SIMILAR

BUT DIFFERENT IN THEIR SPECIES MEMBERSHIP?

Page 20: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

Species within each biome are specifically adapted to the particular environmental conditions of that biome.

Page 21: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

Range of tolerance: The range of a limiting factorwithin which a species can survive and reproduce.

Limiting factor: The critical resource whose availability determines species population size distribution.

Page 22: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

WHY DID BIOSPHERE 2

FAIL?The likely culprit: the failure of nutrient cycles.

Page 23: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

WHAT ARE NUTRIENT CYCLES?

Page 24: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

The movement of nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous through

the abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems.

Page 25: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

AtmosphereHydrosphereLithosphere

ProducersConsumers

DecomposersLower than

normal ozone levels in the atmosphere

CFCs might be causing the

ozone to disappear

Abiotic Reservoirs

Biotic Reservoirs

Page 26: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

Processes that cycle carbon

Page 27: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

Do Now

• How are the biogeochemical nutrient cycles different from one another? How are they similar?

• In what ways do human activities affect the nutrient cycling process?

Page 28: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

Carbon Cycle

Page 29: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

Nitrogen Cycle

Page 30: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

Phosphorous Cycle

Page 31: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

How nutrient cycling failed in Biosphere 2

Page 32: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

How human activities interfere withnutrient cycling in the biosphere

Reduces carbon uptake from atmosphere into biotic reservoirs

Releases carbon, and nitrogen from fossil fuel sinks into the atmosphere

Adds phosphorous and nitrogen to the hydrosphere, where it is a limiting factor

Page 33: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

So what can we learn from Biosphere 2?

But learning how they function can help us restore degraded ones.

Ecosystems are

complicated

But learning how our actions affect it can help us change course.

The biosphere

is irreplaceabl

e

Page 34: What is Biosphere 2?  How is it related to the Biosphere on Earth? Do Now.

“Isolating small pieces of large biomes and juxtaposing them in an artificial enclosure changed their functioning and interactions, rather than creating a small working earth as originally intended.”

–Science magazine


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