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Voice

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Things to be considered

• Subject (noun/pronoun)• Object (noun/pronoun)• Complement• Verb• Verb phrase• Verb forms• Forms of a verb• Transitive and intransitive verbs• Sentence + sentence forms

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Voice Voice is a form of a verb which is used to

show either something is done by the subject or something is done to the subject

We are studying English

English is being studied by us

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• We use a sentence in active voice when we are interested in what the subject does.

Examples:

• We play cricket.

• I am teaching English.

• She bought a car

Active Voice

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• We use a sentence in passive voice when we are interested in what is done to the subject.

Examples:

• Cricket is played by us.

• English is being taught by me.

• A car is bought by her.

Passive Voice

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When do we use active voice?

When the doer of the action is clear

When it is important to know what is done by the people

When do we use passive voice?

When the doer of the action is not clear

When it is important to know what is done to the people

When the doer of an action is more important than the receiver

When the receiver of an action is more important than the doer

Note: these tenses are not common in passive voice: Present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense.

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• We should know the tense

• Verb must be transitive

• Point out the subject and the object of the sentence.

• Change the sentence to passive voice by making the object of active voice the subject of passive voice

Changing a sentence from active voice to passive voice

Rules:

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Example

Mursal

Active Subject

helps

Active Verb

Samim.

Active Object

Samim

Passive Subject

is helped

Passive Verb

by Mursal.

Active Object

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Subject + Be + 3rd verb

General structure for passive voice

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Passive Voice

Past Present Modals

Simple Past

Was/were + PP

Past Continuous

Was/were + being + PP

Simple present

Is/am/are + PP

Present Continuous

Is/am/are + being + PP

Present perfect

Have/has + been + PP

General

Modals + be + PP

Simple Future

Will/ going to + be + PP

Past Perfect

Had + been+ PP

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• +) subject + is, am, are + PP• --) subject + is, am, are + not + PP• ?) Is, am, are + subject + pp

Passive Voice (simple present tense)

She washes the dishes She washes the dishes The dishes are washed by her The dishes are washed by her

We instruct the studentsWe instruct the students The students are instructed by usThe students are instructed by us

They don’t support meThey don’t support me I am not supported by themI am not supported by them

She doesn’t buy the giftsShe doesn’t buy the gifts The gifts are not bought by herThe gifts are not bought by her

Does she help the students?Does she help the students? Are the students helped by her?Are the students helped by her?

Do they play tennis?Do they play tennis? Is tennis played by them?Is tennis played by them?

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• +) subject + was/were + PP• --) subject + was/were + not + PP• ?) was/were + subject + pp

Passive Voice (simple past tense)

She washed the dishes She washed the dishes The dishes were washed by her The dishes were washed by her

We studied EnglishWe studied English English was studied by usEnglish was studied by us

They didn’t support meThey didn’t support me I was not supported by themI was not supported by them

She didn’t buy the giftsShe didn’t buy the gifts The gifts were not bought by herThe gifts were not bought by her

Did we study English?Did we study English? Was English studied by us?Was English studied by us?

Did they play tennis?Did they play tennis? Was tennis played by them?Was tennis played by them?

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• +) subject + have/has + been + PP• --) subject + haven’t/ hasn’t + been + not + PP• ?) Have/has + subject + been + pp

Passive Voice (Present Perfect Tense)

She has bought a carShe has bought a car A car has been bought by herA car has been bought by her

We have studied EnglishWe have studied English English has been studied by usEnglish has been studied by us

They haven’t supported meThey haven’t supported me I haven’t been supported by themI haven’t been supported by them

She hasn’t bought the giftsShe hasn’t bought the gifts The gifts haven’t been bought by herThe gifts haven’t been bought by her

Have we studied English?Have we studied English? Has English been studied by us?Has English been studied by us?

Have they played tennis?Have they played tennis? Has tennis been played by them?Has tennis been played by them?

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• +) subject + had + been + PP• --) subject + hadn’t + been + not + PP• ?) Had + subject + been + pp

Passive Voice (Past Perfect Tense)

She had bought a carShe had bought a car A car had been bought by herA car had been bought by her

We had studied EnglishWe had studied English English had been studied by usEnglish had been studied by us

They hadn’t supported meThey hadn’t supported me I hadn’t been supported by themI hadn’t been supported by them

She hadn’t bought the giftsShe hadn’t bought the gifts The gifts hadn’t been bought by herThe gifts hadn’t been bought by her

Had we studied English?Had we studied English? Had English been studied by us?Had English been studied by us?

Had they played tennis?Had they played tennis? Had tennis been played by them?Had tennis been played by them?

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• +) subject + is, am, are + being + PP• --) subject + is, am, are + not + being + PP• ?) Is, am, are + subject + being + pp

Passive Voice (Present Continuous Tense)

She is washing the dishes She is washing the dishes The dishes are being washed by her The dishes are being washed by her

We are buying a carWe are buying a car A car is being bought by usA car is being bought by us

They aren’t supporting meThey aren’t supporting me I am not being supported by themI am not being supported by them

She isn’t buying the giftsShe isn’t buying the gifts The gifts are not being bought by herThe gifts are not being bought by her

Is she helping the students?Is she helping the students? Are the students being helped by her?Are the students being helped by her?

Are they playing tennis?Are they playing tennis? Is tennis being played by them?Is tennis being played by them?

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• +) subject + was/were + being + PP• --) subject + was/were + not + being + PP• ?) was/were + subject + being + pp

Passive Voice (Past Continuous Tense)

She was washing the dishes She was washing the dishes The dishes were being washed by her The dishes were being washed by her

We were buying a carWe were buying a car A car was being bought by usA car was being bought by us

They weren’t supporting meThey weren’t supporting me I was not being supported by themI was not being supported by them

She wasn’t buying the giftsShe wasn’t buying the gifts The gifts were not being bought by herThe gifts were not being bought by her

Was she helping the students?Was she helping the students? Were the students being helped by her?Were the students being helped by her?

Were they playing tennis?Were they playing tennis? Was tennis being played by them?Was tennis being played by them?

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• +) subject + modal + be + PP• --) subject + modal + not + PP• ?) Modal + subject + be + pp

The passive form of modals

She will wash the dishes She will wash the dishes The dishes will be washed by herThe dishes will be washed by her

We should buy a carWe should buy a car A car should be bought by usA car should be bought by us

They might not support meThey might not support me I might not be supported by themI might not be supported by them

She can’t buy this carShe can’t buy this car This car can’t be bought by herThis car can’t be bought by her

Could she help the students?Could she help the students? Could the students be helped by her?Could the students be helped by her?

Will they buy a computer?Will they buy a computer? Will a computer be bought by them?Will a computer be bought by them?

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• ?) WH word + be/ modal + subject + be + pp

WH information questions

When will she buy this car?When will she buy this car? When will this car be bought by her?When will this car be bought by her?

Why is he studying English?Why is he studying English? Why is English being studied by her?Why is English being studied by her?

How will they teach the new students?How will they teach the new students? How will the new students be taught by them?How will the new students be taught by them?

Where was she teaching English?Where was she teaching English? Where was English being taught by her?Where was English being taught by her?

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Extra

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Major sentences

I will buy this book by the year 2011I will buy this book by the year 2011

This book will be bought by the year 2011This book will be bought by the year 2011

We don’t expect Shabana to come to the party tonightWe don’t expect Shabana to come to the party tonight

Shabana is not expected by us to come to the partyShabana is not expected by us to come to the party

People speak English in many parts of the worldPeople speak English in many parts of the world

English is spoken in many parts of the worldEnglish is spoken in many parts of the world

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• +) let + object + be + pp• --) let + object + not + be + pp

The passive form of imperative sentences

Open the doorOpen the door Let the door be openedLet the door be opened

Close your booksClose your books Let your books be closedLet your books be closed

Don’t open the doorDon’t open the door Let the door not be openedLet the door not be opened

Don’t close your booksDon’t close your books Let your books not be closedLet your books not be closed

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Direct and indirect object in passive voice

She bought a gift for AliShe bought a gift for Ali

A gift was bought for Ali by herA gift was bought for Ali by her

Ali was bought a gift by herAli was bought a gift by her

I sent a letter to herI sent a letter to her

A letter was sent by me to herA letter was sent by me to her

She was sent a letter by meShe was sent a letter by me

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• By phrase is a part of a passive sentence which shows the performer of an action and it is made of two parts.

• 1) the preposition “by”• 2) the subject of active sentence

• Note: we use “by phrase” when it is important to know who performs the action or else we don’t.

Examples:• That mistake was corrected by Ali.• English is spoken in many countries. (by phrase is not important)• This book was written in 1999. (by phrase is not important)

By phrase

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