00 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report Tcm205-149699

FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR CERAMIC TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS IKTS

ANNUAL REPORT

2008

2008 Annual Report

Fraunhofer Institute forCeramic Technologies and SystemsIKTS Dresden

Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, IKTS Dresden

Winterbergstrasse 2801277 Dresden

Phone +49 351 2553-700Fax +49 351 2553-600

[email protected]

at the Fraunhofer Institute Center in Dresden, IZD

been equipped with the newest screen, inkjet andaerosol printers currently available on the market.Moreover, we further improved our fuel cell teststands. We are now able to measure electroche-mically active components such as cells and stacksover a long period, and we also installed new teststands for periphery components of fuel cellssuch as ceramic reformers and burners. We alsoinvested in our core laboratories and pilot plantsranging from powder preparation (new spray dry-ers and mills), shaping (hydraulic precision press)to finishing (CNC machine equipment). Further-more, we supplemented our characterizationequipment with a new FESEM with FIB in collabo-ration with my chair at TU Dresden. I could conti-nue with further examples but I would rather liketo invite you to come to Fraunhofer IKTS andinform yourself on-site in order to identify yourdemand and requirements. In the end, all equip-ment is primarily available to you as our projectpartners. A lot of the investments and projectscould only be realized with the outstanding sup-port of the Saxon Ministries of Economy andLabor (SMWA) as well as Science and Art (SMWK)whom I would like to thank.

I consider the huge number of competencies as amain factor for our success. We cover the com-plete field of advanced ceramics, and thus havemany pillars. We have a special focus on energyand environmental technologies. This market pro-ves to be very stable also in difficult financialtimes. Thus, we remain optimistic for the future.Now, I would like to point out some projects inthe field of energy and environmental technolo-gies:

Dear friends of IKTS,

Once again we look back on a year of records asour financial figures show: Our operating budgetincreased by more than 25 % to 20.8 millioneuros. We were able to increase our direct indus-try revenues by more than 2 million euros to 8.6 million euros. Our total profit rate includingpublicly funded projects with our industry part-ners was above 80 % amounting to 16.7 millioneuros. Our total budget, which also includesinvestments, has even increased by more than 40 % to 28.2 million euros.

We were able to invest 7.4 million euros in newequipment and to significantly extend and renewour technical equipment. Here, I like to point outsome highlights: a new hot isostatic press (HIP)with a usable space of 300 mm in diameter and450 mm in height and a new clean room which isequipped for the manufacturing of multilayerceramics as well as for the coating of siliconwafers for front and back side bonding of solarcells using pastes and inks. This clean room has

2 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

Foreword

Especially in these difficult times, I would like tooffer you to make use of our know-how andexcellent equipment in order to get out of the cri-sis strengthened.

Yours,

Dresden in March 2009

3Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report

At Fraunhofer IKTS we have a major focus on fuelcell projects. In this context I would like toemphasize our new collaboration with VaillantGroup. In this project our focus on complete sys-tems, i.e. on the complete value chain, pays off.We consequently made progress in the develop-ment of SOFC materials, SOFC components (cells,seals, contact layers) and modules (stacks), andnow develop field test systems together with ourpartner Vaillant which are to be installed in thefirst cellars for the market of decentral CHP within two years.

In the field of photovoltaics we further developedour thick film technology. I would like to stressour project with Roth&Rau AG in which we deve-lop new processes for the bonding of solar cells.In the future we also would like to concentrateon thin film photovoltaics.

In 2008, our collaboration with CleanDieselCera-mics GmbH in Grossröhrsdorf came to a highpoint: the opening of the factory building for theproduction of diesel particulate filters for off-roadand heavy-duty applications. I already reported inthe previous years that we did not only developinnovative prototypes in laboratory scale but suc-cessfully transferred the complete manufacturingtechnology into industrial scale.

Our projects in the field of waste water treatmentand biogas technology make also good progress.At the wastewater treatment plant in Rossweinwe started running a prototype biogas plantwhich is equipped with one of our fuel cell sys-tems and where our ceramic liquid filtration tech-nology is going to be installed and tested thisyear.

It was a great pleasure to see that we were ableto increase the number of staff. Our highly moti-vated and qualified staff members are the realfactor for our success. I would like to give a spe-cial thanks to this team which excellently overca-me the enormous challenges and strains in 2008.

Alexander Michaelis

Institutional funding

Other revenues

Federal revenues and revenues from German Länder

Revenues from industry

Developments of total budget (in million of euros) at Fraunhofer IKTS for the budget years 2000-2008

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

10

15

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Foreword 2

Table of contents 4

A profile of the Fraunhofer IKTS

Fraunhofer IKTS in brief 6Organizational chart 8Operating budget and revenues 10Personnel development 11Board of trustees 12The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft 13

Research activities at Fraunhofer IKTS 14

Departments:Materials 16Processes / Components 22Micro and Energy Systems 28Environmental Processing Technology 40Smart Materials and Systems 46Sintering / Characterization 52

Retrospective, events, exhibitions 59

Participation in trade shows 64

Cooperation in groups, alliances and networks 65

Names, dates, events 70

Exhibitions 2007-2008 84

Planned events / Trade shows 2009 85

Information service 86

How to reach us 87

Table of contents


As unique selling points we offer the following:

Continuous production lines in the field ofstructural and functional ceramics

In the field of structural ceramics, we offer allstandard technologies for powder preparation,shaping, heat treatment, and finishing. In the fieldof functional ceramics, our special core compe-tence is the preparation of pastes and slurries. We manufacture functional ceramic prototypes bymeans of our hybrid and multilayer ceramic line,which is situated in our own clean rooms.

Multiscale development

Developments can be transferred from the labora-tory scale to the pilot plant scale; i.e., we are ableto prepare feed materials on a ton scale and pro-duce prototypes in relevant quantities to facilitatethe market entry for our partners. Through thisresidual cost risks and time-to-market times canbe minimized.


The Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technolo-gies and Systems covers the complete field of ad-vanced ceramics, from basic research to applica-tions. For this purpose, we have more than 100excellently equipped laboratories and pilot plantswith a total useable floor space of more than9200 m².Based on solid knowledge of advanced ceramicmaterials, development work spans the entirevalue chain, extending to prototype production.Thus, the Fraunhofer IKTS is characterized by threecore competencies: materials know-how, manu-facturing technologies, and systems and productintegration. The IKTS is equally oriented towardsthe technology platforms of structural and func-tional ceramics.To that end, chemists, physicists, and materialsscientists work together. All development work isaccompanied by qualified research engineers andtechnicians. We particularly focus on ceramic users as projectpartners, besides on ceramic manufacturers.

The IKTS intends to be a competent partner aswell as the first contact address for all problemsrelated to ceramics.

Thus, we particularly see our mission as combiningthe two different technology worlds. We wouldlike to show our partners the world of ceramicswith its varied, innovative solutions.

Fraunhofer IKTS in brief


Synergies between structural and functionalceramics

The combination of the different technology plat-forms allows for the integration of additionalfunctions into ceramic components. This facilitatesthe manufacturing of innovative products with asignificant added value.

Network creator

In our current projects, we cooperate with morethan 250 national and international partners. Within the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, we collabo-rate, for example, in the Fraunhofer Group forMaterials and Components, and we are spokes-person of the Fraunhofer High Performance Cera-mics Alliance, consisting of seven institutes thatare particularly specialized in ceramics.Thus, we are able to support the creation of net-works that are necessary for successful productdevelopment. We are also able to impart and inte-grate competencies outside the scope of our ownexpertise.

Our work on the research front is based on expe-riences and knowledge collected over many yearsand is focused on the interests of our partners. An overview of our R&D fields and the appropriatecontacts can be found on the following pages.

We would like to continue inviting our partners touse our products and services.

Material

Component

Module System / Product

We bring worlds together

The IKTS as »one stop shop« for ceramics

Ceramicexpertise

Systemexpertise

Micro and Energy Systems

Dr. Mihails Kusnezoff

Materials and Components- Paste Systems, Sensor Technolo-

gy, Microsystem Technology- Functional Materials,

Joining Technology- HT Electrochemistry and

Components

Dr. Michael Stelter

Module und Systems- Microsystems / MLC - Modeling - Energy Systems- Mobile Energy Systems- Combinational Microelectro-

chemistry

Smart Materials and Systems

Dr. Andreas Schönecker

- Dielectric Ceramics and Composi-tes, Piezoceramics

- Actuators, Sensors, Smart Systems

- Functional Layers for Micro-electronics and Wear Protection

Sintering / Characterization

Dr. habil. Mathias Herrmann

- Thermal Analysis and ThermalPhysics*

- Heat Treatment- Ceramography / Phase Analysis- Powder and Suspension Charac-

terization*- Mechanical Testing

* Accreditation in accordance with

DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025

Environmental Processing Technology

Dr. Michael Stelter

- Process and Systems Analysis - Systems Integration

Materials

Dr. habil. Andreas Krell

- Oxide Ceramics- Hardmetals / Cermets - Biogenic Ceramics

Dr. Hagen Klemm

- Nitride Ceramics- Carbide and Filter Ceramics- Precursor-Derived Ceramics

Processes / Components

Dr. Reinhard Lenk

- Powder Technology- Production Technology- Component and Systems

Development - Finishing


Deputy director / Head of administration

Dr. Michael Zins

Staff / Internal Services, Controlling / Finances, Information Technology, Press and Public Rela-tions, Quality Management, Marketing

Institute director

Prof. Dr. habil. Alexander Michaelis

Secretary: Maria Kirschner

Technische Universität Dresden

Prof. Dr. habil. Alexander Michaelis

Institute for Material ScienceProfessorship Inorganic-NonmetallicMaterials

Instrumented Powder Compaction Dr. Ulrich Klemm

Organizational chart of Fraunhofer IKTSand Technische Universität Dresden

Dr. Michael ZinsPhone +49 351 [email protected]

Dr. Mihails KusnezoffPhone +49 351 [email protected]

Dr. Michael StelterPhone +49 351 [email protected]

Dr. Andreas Schönecker Phone +49 351 [email protected]

Prof. Dr. habil. Alexander MichaelisPhone +49 351 [email protected]

Dr. habil. Andreas KrellPhone +49 351 [email protected]

Dr. Hagen KlemmPhone +49 351 [email protected]

Dr. Reinhard LenkPhone +49 351 [email protected]

Dr. habil. Mathias HerrmannPhone +49 351 [email protected]



The research field of energy and environmentaltechnology continues to establish as link betweenstructural and functional ceramics. Ceramic mate-rials and technologies allow us to develop newsystems in the field of photovoltaics. With thehelp of the strategic investments in new manu-facturing technologies the research volume can besignificantly increased. Developments of diversepastes as well as their adaptation to printingmethods for the manufacture of solar systems arenew research activities of Fraunhofer IKTS ofwhich our industry partners already make use. Theuse of these technologies for different fuel cell sys-tems leads to unique selling propositions anddetermines our future research services. The en-largement of our test capacities for SOFC systemsguarantees projects with suppliers of fuel cell sys-tems in the long-term. Both the existing and newproject partners benefit from this service andinvest a considerable amount of project funds inDresden. By linking fuel cells with biogas plantswe opened a new research field for the comingyears where other ceramic components are also

The positive development of Fraunhofer IKTS in2008 allowed us to further increase our capacities.The operating budget increased by approx. 26 %to 20.8 million euros. The industry revenues of 8.6 million euros constitute approx. 50 % of thetotal revenues reaching a new record level of 16.7 million euros. The success is also a result ofthe consolidation of publicly funded projects at alevel of 5.6 million euros, and market-orientedbasic research within the framework of internalFraunhofer programs. In total, projects of almost 2 million euros were funded by the Free State ofSaxony.In 2008, 7.4 million euros were invested in newequipment, laboratories and pilot plants. 4.6 milli-on euros were financed through external projects.The Free State of Saxony contributed 3.8 millioneuros.

Operating budget and revenues

Expansion of research basis

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Others

German Research Association

EU

Free State of Saxony

Industry

German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)

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Revenue developments (in thousands of euros) at Fraunhofer IKTS for the budget years 2000-2008

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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

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2007 2008

Developments of operating budget (in thousands of euros) at Fraunhofer IKTS for the budget years 2000-2008


required. Resulting investments in membrane andsensor technology as well as wear protection arealready subject of further publicly funded andindustry projects as well as future internationalactivities.By starting-up the large hot isostatic press andnew granulation equipment we can provide addi-tional options for the development of new materi-als. Our multi-component injection molding tech-nology has also established itself in industry. Cera-mic multilayer technologies are considered to beanother key technology at Fraunhofer IKTS. In order to transfer developments fast into indus-trial applications the participation in expert groupsand networks has proved to be very successful.The Fraunhofer programs supporting own deve-lopments significantly facilitate the generation ofown IP rights and thus, the long-term opportunityto acquire new industry projects.

Our project work resulted in an increase of staffcapacity by more than 20 %, in the scientific fieldeven by almost 30 %. This increase could only berealized due to good public relations and a closecollaboration with Technische Universität Dresdenresulting in an excellent recruitment of undergra-duate and doctoral students. Many doctoral the-ses are written within the framework of projects.In total, 50 doctoral theses are supervised at theend of the year.In 2008 again, all apprentices who finished theirapprenticeship could continue to be employed. Bytraining apprentices at IKTS the quality of ourlaboratory work will be further increased.

Personnel development

Apprentices

Student workers, trainees, undergraduate students

Part-time and contract workers

Doctorate students

Employees with university degrees and technicians

Scientists

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

100

150

200

250

300

50

0

Personnel developments at Fraunhofer IKTSNumber of employees 2000-2008, full-time equivalentsPersonnel structure on December 31 of each year


The president of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft hasappointed the following people to the board oftrustees at Fraunhofer IKTS:

Dr. G. GilleChairman of board of trusteesH.C. Starck GmbH & Co. KG, GoslarManager of central departmentResearch and development

Dr.-Ing. S. BlankenburgHermes Schleifkörper GmbH, DresdenCEO

Dr.-Ing. W. BöckerBerlin

Dr. A. EilingH.C. Starck Ceramics GmbH & Co. KG, SelbCEO

Prof. Dr. F. R. HeikerWuppertal

Dr. W. HergartenGerman Federation of Industrial Cooperative Re-search Associations Otto von Guericke e.V. BerlinCEO

Prof. Dr. J. HuberCeramTec AG, PlochingenBoard of directors

Dipl.-Ing. M. KempterManagement consultant, Munich

Dr. C. LesniakESK Ceramics GmbH & Co. KG, KemptenResearch and developmentDepartment head

Dr. F. LindnerRobert Bosch GmbH, GerlingenCorporate research and developmentAdvanced functional and sintered materialsDepartment head

MR Dipl.-Ing. P. G. NothnagelSaxon State Ministry of Economy and Employment(SMWA), DresdenEnergy PolicyDepartment head

Dr. W. RossnerSiemens AG, MunichCentral Department Technology, CeramicsDepartment head

MR Dr.-Ing. G. UhlmannSaxony State Ministry of Science and Art (SMWK),DresdenResearch departmentDeputy head

Prof. Dr. P. WoditschDeutsche Solar AG, FreibergCEO

Recently appointed:

Dr. Richard MetzlerRauschert GmbHTechnische Keramik und Kunststoff-FormteileCEOsince January 2009

Board of trustees


The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft

Research of practical utility lies at the heart of allactivities pursued by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft.Founded in 1949, the research organizationundertakes applied research that drives economicdevelopment and serves the wider benefit ofsociety. Its services are solicited by customers andcontractual partners in industry, the service sectorand public administration.

At present, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft maintainsmore than 80 research units in Germany, including57 Fraunhofer Institutes. The majority of the15,000 staff are qualified scientists and engineers,who work with an annual research budget of 1.4 billion euros. Of this sum, more than 1.2 billi-on euros are generated through contract research.Two thirds of the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft’s con-tract research revenue are derived from contractswith industry and from publicly financed researchprojects. Only one third is contributed by the Ger-man federal and Länder governments in the formof base funding, enabling the institutes to work

ahead on solutions to problems that will not be-come acutely relevant to industry and society untilfive or ten years from now.

Affiliated research centers and representativeoffices in Europe, the USA and Asia provide con-tact with the regions of greatest importance topresent and future scientific progress and econo-mic development.

With its clearly defined mission of application-oriented research and its focus on key technolo-gies of relevance to the future, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft plays a prominent role in the Germanand European innovation process. Applied re-search has a knock-on effect that extends beyondthe direct benefits perceived by the customer:Through their research and development work,the Fraunhofer Institutes help to reinforce thecompetitive strength of the economy in their localregion, and throughout Germany and Europe.They do so by promoting innovation, strengthe-ning the technological base, improving the accep-tance of new technologies, and helping to trainthe urgently needed future generation of scientistsand engineers.

As an employer, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft offersits staff the opportunity to develop the professio-nal and personal skills that will allow them to takeup positions of responsibility within their institute,at universities, in industry and in society. Studentswho choose to work on projects at the FraunhoferInstitutes have excellent prospects of starting anddeveloping a career in industry by virtue of thepractical training and experience they have acqui-red.

The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft is a recognized non-profit organization that takes its name fromJoseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826), the illustri-ous Munich researcher, inventor and entrepreneur.Darmstadt

W ü rzburg

Jena

Stuttgart

Duisburg

Nuthetal

Dortmund

M ü nchen

Erfurt

Magdeburg

Halle

Dresden

Leipzig

Ilmenau

Cottbus

Braunschweig

Berlin

Potsdam

Teltow

Schmallenberg

Sankt Augustin

Erlangen

F ü rthN ü rnberg

Freising

Holzkirchen

Pfinztal

Freiburg

Efringen

Rostock

Itzehoe

Hannover

Bremen

Euskirchen Chemnitz

Wertheim

Kaiserslautern

Schkopau

Paderborn

Karlsruhe

Darmstadt

Würzburg

Jena

Stuttgart

Duisburg

Oberhausen

Nuthetal

Dortmund

Oberpfaffenhofen

München

Saarbrücken

St. Ingbert

Erfurt

Magdeburg

Halle

DresdenLeipzig

Ilmenau

Cottbus

Braunschweig

Berlin

Potsdam

Teltow

Aachen

Schmallenberg

Sankt Augustin

Erlangen

FürthNürnberg

Freising

Holzkirchen

Pfinztal

Freiburg

Efringen -

Rostock

Itzehoe

Hannover

Bremen

Euskirchen Chemnitz

WertheimKaiserslautern

Schkopau

Paderborn

Kirchen


Department: Materials

Polycrystalline tungsten carbide for hardmetalsof increased fracture toughness and hardness

Cross-channel filters made by ceramic tapetechnology

Determination of hot hardness of ceramicmaterials and hard metals

Controlled functionalization of ceramic materi-als by molecular design of precursors

Department: Processes / Components

Development of thermal spray powders forstructural components subject to high mecha-nical stress

Milling of ceramic raw materials in the nano-meter range

Ceramic-ceramic compounds by two-compo-nent injection molding

GreenTaPIM: inmold labeling of metal ceramicmaterial compounds

Department: Micro and Energy Systems

SOFC system powered by biogas

Fuel cell test center

Reactor development on the basis of SiC foamceramics

Development of a AlN multilayer system

CO2 solid electrolyte sensor in thick film tech-nology

Effect of H2S on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation

Influence of oxide layer formation on thedegradation behavior of SOFC fuel cells

Research activities at the Fraunhofer IKTS

Degradation of SOFC sealing glasses in dualatmospheres under the influence of appliedvoltage

Department: Environmental ProcessingTechnology

Production-integrated environmental protecti-on in the ceramic industry: Measures for quali-ty management, cost reduction and environ-mental protection

Innovative developments for digestat treat-ment on agricultural biogas plants

Numerical and experimental investigation ofsludge disintegration with power ultrasound

Sewage sludge reduction by disintegration ofreturn sludge

Department: Smart Materials and Systems

Seed preparation for lead-free piezoceramics

Piezoelectric generators

Aligned carbon nanotubes for electronicpackaging

Non-linear multi-field simulation to design piezoceramic components

Department: Sintering / Characterization

Further qualification of the laboratory for ther-mal analysis and thermal physics: Participationin interlaboratory comparison

New hot isostatic press for the manufacture ofceramics for optical applications

New analytical field emission scanning electronmicroscope with focused-ion beam technique

New methods of energy dispersive thin layeranalysis

Stabilization of suspensions by means oforganic additives

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Biogenic Ceramics

Dr. Stefan Siegel

[email protected]

Precursor-Derived Ceramics

Dr. Isabel Kinski

[email protected]


Department

MaterialsDepartment head: Dr. habil. Andreas Krell, Dr. Hagen Klemm

Oxide Ceramics

Dr. habil. Andreas Krell

[email protected]

Nitride Ceramics

Dr. Hagen Klemm

[email protected]

Hardmetals / Cermets

Dr. Volkmar Richter

[email protected]

Carbide and Filter Ceramics

Dipl.-Krist. Jörg Adler

[email protected]

Special technical equipment

- Clean room technology- Hot gas corrosion test stand- Manufacturing line for ceramic foams- Test stand for porous materials- Test stand for heat conductors- Winding techniques for ceramic fiber composites- Mechanical materials testing- Wear test laboratory

Products and services offered

Realization of R&D projects for the developmentand application of new advanced ceramics andhardmetals in the form of raw materials, materialsamples and complex components:

- Studies and concept development- Integrated materials and process development- Development and supply of samples- Expertise on production processes and applica-

tions- Special testing methods (mechanical, tribologi-

cal and corrosive properties at room and hightemperatures)

- Damage and failure analysis- Evaluation of safety and health aspects with

regard to nanoscale powders and materials


The Materials department utilizes its extensive expe-rience in materials science, natural science andengineering to develop and refine ceramic materialsand ceramic-metal-composites using modern tech-nologies.

Our services range from raw material syntheses(including renewable raw materials), consulting onhealth and safety aspects, to testing of commer-cially available raw materials. Furthermore, wedevelop specialty materials and processes as well asprototypes and components. At IKTS, newly de-veloped prototypes or components can also befield-tested. This wide range of services may beapplied to both homogeneous and compositematerials.

We have successfully contributed to new fields ofapplication by combining the various functional

advantages of different ceramic materials. Theseapplications include, for example, high-temperaturematerials, electrically heatable ceramics, ceramictools, transparent components and various filters.

Materials


Motivation

Stone working or cold working ofhigh-strength steels require tools withhigh hardness and strength but alsowith an extreme fracture toughnessto withstand the high impact loads.Today medium and coarse grainedWC-Co hardmetals with a mean car-bide cord length (dWC) between 1.3and 6 μm, a cobalt content between10 and 25 wt%, a fracture toughnessbetween 10 and 25 MPa/√m (SEVNB)and a hardness HV30 between 800and 1000 are used. Ultra-fine grainedhardmetals combine high hardnessand strength but have only lowimpact strength.Polycrystalline nanostructured tung-sten carbide grains offer a newopportunity to improve mechanicalproperties. Depending on the crystalorientation mono-crystalline tungstencarbide possesses a hardness HV0.05between 2200 and 2400. In compari-son binder-free nanostructured WCpolycrystals have a hardness HV0.05above 3000. By replacing the stan-dard single WC crystals by the harderpolycrystals the hardness and fracturetoughness of a hardmetal may beimproved.

Results

Tungsten carbide polycrystals (< 60 μm) were mixed with a submi-cron WC and 12 wt% cobalt anddensified by means of SPS sintering.The nanoscaled structure of the WCpolycrystals was maintained. Underappropriate sintering conditions pene-tration of cobalt in the polycrystalsalong interfaces and grain growthcan be suppressed, and the hardnessof the polycrystals which can be com-pared to the hardness of binder-freetungsten carbide ceramics (2740HV10) is conserved.The hardness of the hardmetal con-sisting of coarse WC polycrystals and

12 wt% cobalt equals HV 10 = 1600.This corresponds to a standard hard-metal with grains between 2.5 and 6 μm and a cobalt content of around6 wt% which is used for formingtools. The hardmetal made of polycrystals isvery tough as illustrated by theunusual crack propagation aroundthe Vickers indentation (Figure 3). Hardmetals made of coarse polycrys-talline carbide grains consisting ofnanoscaled crystallites may be usedfor stone working, mining or formingtools. Hard coating is also a possibleapplication.


- Optimization of material composi-tion and properties

- Manufacturing of prototypes forindustrial tests

Polycrystalline tungsten carbide for hardmetals ofincreased fracture toughness and hardness

Dr. Volkmar RichterDr. Reiner Schober

Figure 1Optical microscopic image of the microstructu-re of a WC-12Co hardmetal (light) made ofWC polycrystals which consist of nanoscaledWC single crystallites (gray).

100 μm

Figure 2Electron micrograph (EDX mapping of Co) of ahardmetal made of polycrystalline WC.

Figure 3Atypical crack propagation around a hardnessindentation HV10 on a hardmetal made of WCpolycrystals.

50 μm

50 μm


Motivation

A new concept for diesel particulatefilters was developed in collaborationwith the research partners DLR Köln(Institute of Technical Thermodynam-ic), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg (Instituteof Fluid Mechanics) und FH Aachen(Solar Institute Jülich). As comparedto state-of-the-art filters this filterconcept includes an integrated pas-sive ash management system, andtherefore is particularly advantageousfor large diesel engines. Conventionaldiesel particulate filters have parallelinlet and outlet channels. The newinnovative filter concept is based on across-channel geometry meaning theinlet and outlet channels are arrangedin an offset angle of 90°.To realize the prototypes the ceramictape technology was used as it isbased on cost-effective and continu-ous processes, which is fundamentalfor future industrial implementation.

Results

Ceramic green tapes were developedfor the material RSiC (re-crystallizedsilicon carbide) using a water basedtape casting process. The upscalingfor larger tape dimensions was car-ried out in cooperation with theindustrial partner Kerafol GmbH. TheRSiC material has a medium pore sizeof 10 μm and an open porosity of 42 vol%. According to the require-ments on the filter material (e.g. forcatalytic coatings) the pore size canbe modified by choosing the appro-priate starting powders and sinteringconditions. Furthermore, a binder sys-tem was developed which considersboth the needs of the tape castingprocess and the required properties ofthe subsequent structuring and join-ing steps. By folding the green tapeto a wavelike structure and joining itwith a planar tape a multichannel ele-ment is obtained. After debinding

and sintering where the re-crystallizedsilicon carbide microstructure isformed the multichannel elementsare joined to a filter stack. The cross-channel geometry is realized by stack-ing the elements by 90°. It is also pos-sible to join single elements by meansof a SiC slurry to three or five-ele-ment stacks in the green state. In thiscase the effort for adhesive bondingafter sintering is reduced. The applied ceramic tape technologyand the cross-channel filter conceptcannot only be used for RSiC but alsofor LPS-SiC or cordierite.


- Development of one and multi-lay-er tapes for a wide variety ofceramic materials

- Development of filter materials forhigh-temperature applications

- Development, manufacture andcharacterization of filter prototypesfor exhaust gas treatment

- Technological concepts for the pro-duction of system componentsbased on ceramic tape technology

Cross-channel filters made by ceramic tapetechnology

Dr. Hans-Jürgen RichterDipl.-Krist. Jörg AdlerDipl.-Ing. Heike Heymer

AcknowledgmentsThe Federal Ministry of Economics and Techno-logy (reference number 16-INO311) and theindustrial project partners Deutz AG, Kerafol,Industrie-Partner, Bauer Technologies, FC2S,Gero are acknowledged for supporting the project.

Figure 1FESEM image of an RSiC tape after heat treat-ment (2400 °C).

200 μm

Figure 3Prototype of a cross-channel filter, 140 x 70 x 70 mm³, consisting of 40 multi-channel elements.

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1 10 100pore diameter [μm]

dV/d

logD

[m

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Figure 2Pore size distribution curves of RSiC.


Motivation

The hardness of a material is consid-ered as an important indicator for itsfunctionality in many applications ofceramic and metal materials. Theseprocesses are often accompanied byelevated temperatures at the surfaceof the materials (e.g. cutting process-es). For that reason the hardnessmeasured at ambient temperaturescan only provide limited informationfor these processes. Consequently, areliable determination of the hothardness of the material was foundto be of increasing interest for manyusers.

Results

The new test facility for the measure-ment of the hardness at elevatedtemperatures was designed and real-ized in cooperation with the companyHegewald und Peschke situated inNossen (Germany). The recipient ofthe test facility with a diamond inden-ter is shown in Figure 1. Furthermore,the hot hardness can also be mea-sured with a Knoop indentor. Thedesign of the test equipment as wellas the test procedures are based onDIN and international standards forroom temperature hardness tests. The

hardness indentations can be appliedon a polished sample surface withtest loads in the range between 100 p and 30 kp, and at tempera-tures up to 1500 °C in vacuum. Theevaluation of the hot hardness testswill be performed after cooling of thesamples by optical microscopy. Anexample for a Vickers indentationapplied on the polished surface of asilicon nitride material at 1500 °C isshown in Figure 2. It was possible toreliably determine the hot hardnesswithout significant deviationsalthough the silicon nitride surfacechanged due to corrosion and evapo-ration processes during the test at1500 °C. The hardness of variousmaterials for high-temperature appli-cations as a function of the tempera-ture is demonstrated in Figure 3. Withincreasing temperature a degradationof the hardness value was observedfor both metal and ceramic materials.


- Determination of hardness (Vick-ers, Knoop) of ceramic and metalmaterials up to temperatures of1500 °C in vacuum

- Specific material development inorder to improve the hardness ofhigh-temperature materials

Determination of hot hardness of ceramic materialsand hardmetals

Dr. Hagen KlemmKathrin Nake

Figure 1Vickers indenter in the recipient of the hothardness test facility at 1000 °C.

Figure 2Vickers indentation at the surface of a siliconnitride material for high-temperature applicati-on after hot hardness test at 1500 °C.

Figure 3Hardness (HV 10) of metal (hardmetal EMT210) and ceramic materials (Al2O3 and high-temperature Si3N4) as a function of temperature.

0,05 mm


Motivation

The knowledge of material propertiesand their specific tailoring result innew synthesis methods and process-ing procedures. As a result new mate-rials are accurately tailored. Asidefrom conventional oxide, nitride andcarbide ceramics anion-substitutedsystems of oxonitrides, carbonitridesor oxocarbides are increasingly usedfor special applications. In order torealize special properties in these func-tionalized ceramics, the precursors arealready adapted on molecular level tothe required properties, processingtechnologies, and microstructures.

Results

Not only the predefined chemicalcomposition and therefore the result-ing properties are considered to be anadvantage of synthesizing molecularlevel-designed precursors, but alsothe possibility to use various shapingtechniques. By using dissolved or liq-uid precursors coatings and layers canbe applied by spin, dip or spray coat-ing, without facing the problem tostabilize particles in slurries or pastes.Furthermore, some phases in theanion-substituted systems can be syn-thesized that are impossible to reachusing traditional ceramic synthesismethods. Here, the gallium oxidenitride system is to be mentioned asexample. During the synthesis of thesingle source precursor direct bond-ings between the metal and nitrogenas well as oxygen are obtained, whilethe organic groups will be decom-posed and removed from the precur-sors during the thermal ceramizationstep so that oxonitrides are directlydeveloped. Gallium oxonitride is – likethe end members wurtzitic GaN andmonoclinic β-Ga2O3 – a semiconduc-tor and sensing properties could beproved in first experiments. In collaboration with the Saxon semi-

conductor industry, dielectric coatingswere derived in an oxidic systemusing precursors, which are resistantagainst very aggressive plasmaprocesses. For their application ashard mask both the exact determina-tion and adjustment of the refractiveindex as well as the layer thicknessplay a crucial role.


Synthesis and functionalization ofprecursors (also in inert gas atmos-pheres):

- Synthesis of organo-metallic mole-cular and polymeric precursors

- Sol-gel method for nano powdersynthesis

- Development of precursors forhard masks and protective coatings

Processing:

- Spin coating (also available in inertgas atmospheres)

- Pyrolysis in inert and reactive gasatmospheres

Characterization:

- Determination of layer thicknessand refractive index on semi-trans-parent coatings and bulk materials

- Measurement of surface tension ofliquids and surface energies ofsolids

Controlled functionalization of ceramic materials bymolecular design of precursors

Dr. Isabel KinskiDr. Tobias Mayer-UhmaDipl.-Chem. Sandra Meinhard

Figure 1Scanning electron micrograph of an unetchedhard mask with a thickness of 257 nm.

Figure 2In order to guarantee the best wetting beha-vior of the liquid precursors on the substrate,contact angle on solids as well as the surfacetension of fluids are investigated in detail.

AcknowledgmentsThe research was funded within the frameworkof the “Fraunhofer Attract” program.The hard masks were developed for QimondaAG.

100 nm

257

nm


Department

Processes / ComponentsDepartment head: Dr. Reinhard Lenk


- Preparation plants at laboratory and pilot scale(inert/explosion-proof)

- Spray dryers on laboratory and pilot scale(explosion-proof)

- Fluidized bed technology (product develop-ment, inert)

- Granule characterization on laboratory scale(air-conditioned)

- Shear roll compactor for feedstock preparation- Torque rheometer and capillary viscosimeter- 2-component injection molding machine, low-

pressure injection molding machine- Tape casting, structuring and lamination

machines- Vacuum extruder- Hydraulic and cold isostatic presses- 5-axis CNC machining center- Laser sintering machine- X-ray computed tomograph (CT-Compact)- CNC surface, cylindrical and jig grinding tech-

nology- Coordinate measurement machine


- Contract research and network projects- Feasibility studies- Technological services at the highest stage- Process, component and system development

at preindustrial scale- Technology transfer - Consulting service and training courses

On the basis of our expertise in modeling, materialdevelopment and characterization, we compe-tently advise our partners and offer excellent R&Dservices. If required we involve the competenciesof our partners in the Fraunhofer High-PerformanceCeramics Alliance. In addition, the FraunhoferDemonstration Center »AdvanCer« also providesa wide range of products and services.

www.advancer.fraunhofer.de

Powder Technology

Dr. Manfred Nebelung

[email protected]

Manufacturing Technology

Dr. Reinhard Lenk

[email protected]

Component and Systems Development

Dipl.-Ing. Jens Stockmann

[email protected]

Finishing

Matthias Nake

[email protected]


The Processes / Components department developsmanufacturing methods based on powder techno-logy for advanced ceramic components andsystems. We develop prototypes in the laboratoryscale and manufacture small batches at pilot plantscale. Furthermore, we are able to transfer proto-type and small batch production into a pilot tech-nology. The development spans the entire valuechain, from preparation of commercially availablepowders and raw materials through forming, sinte-ring, green and finishing, to joining and integrationtechnologies. The technical equipment allows forsubsequent up-scaling of each technological pro-cess step, including transfer to industrial scalemanufacturing at our client’s sites.

The Competence Center for Powder Technologyfocuses on product design using ceramic, metallicand composite materials. Our new manufacturing

concepts for innovative products make use of thenumerous possibilities provided by a range of for-ming methods, such as plastic, thermoplastic sha-ping and slip casting. Within the framework of ourcomponent and system development we compe-tently and efficiently cover the entire value chainfrom pressing and green machining to finishing.Thus, we are able to react fast and flexibly to deliveroptimal solutions to customer requests. New appli-cations ideas as well as further developments inmaterial solutions may be transferred to prototypesor small batch production fast, reliably and cost-effectively.

Processes / Components

Design: Robert Bosch GmbH


Motivation

Thermally sprayed coatings are com-monly used to reduce wear (abrasion,erosion) and to improve the slidingbehavior. For tools and structural com-ponents subject to fatigue stress theuse of such coatings has been lesscommon, so far. The reasons are tech-nical or economic related problemsconcerning the processing of the coat-ings as well as the lack of tailoredmaterials. Furthermore, guidelines forthe construction of components thathave to meet the requirements of thesubsequent coating and computationmodels for the characterization of theoperating behavior, reliability and lifetime of the coated components aremissing. Thermally sprayed hardmetal-like coatings may enter a new marketsuch as tools and structural compo-nents subject to fatigue stress withhigh contact loads (gear wheels,camshafts or tools for metal forming).This requires tailored spray powdermaterials as well as coating technolo-gies.

Results

Hardmetal-like compositions based onWC und Cr3C2 are commonly used aspowder material for thermally sprayedcoatings. To realize appropriate depo-sition rates the powder materials con-tain binder metals in the range of 20-30 vol%. The very important com-positions WC-Co/Ni and WC-Cr3C2-Niwere developed 50 years ago andhave not been changed up to now.Evolution and advances of the coatingtechnology had no impact on thematerial. For this reason these hard-metal-like compositions as well as TiC-based materials were further devel-oped with regard to the servicerequirements. Based on their proper-ties WC-Co-based coatings are suitedfor fatigue related applications. Coand Ni were used as metallic binder

phases. Additionally, this kind ofbinder was alloyed by adding Cr3C2

for improving the corrosion resistance.Such materials were thermally sprayedon 16MnCr5 samples. Afterwardsrolling contact fatigue tests were per-formed (Fraunhofer LBF) and Hertzpressures of 2500 MPa were mea-sured. Regarding the material compo-sition WC-Cr3C2-Ni the investigationof correlations between the phasecomposition and coating propertieswas focused. The ratio of WC andCr3C2 was varied to observe the influ-ence of the carbide (W,Cr)2C which isformed during sintering. The thermalspray powders were prepared by spraydrying, subsequent sintering and frac-tionation.


Offering the entire process chain fromraw materials to coatings:

- Development and manufacturing ofthermal spray powders (a&s) at lab-oratory and pilot scale

- Characterization of raw materialsand granulates (size distribution,flowability, structure, phase compo-sition)

- Thermal spraying (plasma, HVOF) incollaboration with Fraunhofer IWSDresden

- Characterization of coatings (struc-ture and microstructure analysis,evaluation of wear and corrosionresistance, hardness)

Development of thermal spray powders for structuralcomponents subject to high mechanical stress

Dipl.-Min. Sven ThieleDr. Manfred Nebelung

AcknowledgmentsThis work is supported by the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (internal program WISA 816 442).

Figure 1Sintered surface of a spray powder granule,material: (Ti,W)(C,N)-Ni.

Figure 2Thermally sprayed gear wheel.(Source: Fraunhofer IWS)

10 μm


Motivation

Nanoscale raw materials becomemore and more important in industri-al applications. Aluminum hydroxidewith a particle size distribution < 100 nm can be used as an effectiveadditive for flame retardant. As grind-ing is an alternative to the crystalliza-tion method in terms of profitabilitythis disperse submicron powder is tobe ground in required fineness with-out contaminations.

The milling experiments were con-ducted in a laboratory attrition mill(AHM 90; Hosokawa Alpine AG) withpolyurethane lining and zirconiumoxide balls considering the suspensionstability during the milling process.

Results

Using optimized milling parameters(spec. energy input Espec. = 9.72kWh/kg) aluminum hydroxide (xPCS =240 nm; Zeta Sizer Nano ZS) wasground up to an average particlediameter of xPCS = 97 nm by varyingthe influencing parameters (Figure 1).

The suspension viscosity increaseddue to the continuous grindingprocess and the modification of thesurface properties. As heat dissipationfrom the grinding chamber throughthe wear-resistant polyurethane liningwas insufficient, it was necessary toinstall an additional cooling system. Inthis way, the high temperatures nega-tively affecting the process efficiency,and a pressure increase in the millingchamber as well as a concentration ofthe balls in front of the sieve wereavoided.

Necessary dispersants (organic acid)should be added before grindingbecause the very fine particles tend toagglomerate (Figure 2).

In dependence on the particle surfacecharge which was determined bymeans of a Field ESA instrument itwas possible to react to the modifica-tion of the suspension stability byadditionally dosing dispersants and tokeep the suspension viscosity con-stant.

The high purity requirements on thegrinding product were met using zir-conium oxide milling balls (d = 0.2mm) with 0.6.-wt % of abrasion(related to the solid).


- Grinding of ceramic raw materialsin laboratory and pilot scale up tothe nanometer range with less /low contamination

- Evaluation of particle surface char-ge, pH value and conductivity ofthe suspension during the wholegrinding period by means of a FieldESA instrument to continuouslyadjust the dispersant dose

Milling of ceramic raw materials in the nanometerrange

Dipl.-Ing. Kerstin LenznerDr. Annegret Potthoff

Figure 1Influence of specific energy input on the millingresult.

Figure 2ESA signal as a function of specific energy input.

AcknowledgmentsThe BMBF and the project management organi-zation Karlsruhe is greatly acknowledged forfunding the project “Nanonline“ (02PU2370).

0


Motivation

By combining different materials mul-tifunctional components with combi-nations of properties like electricalconductivity/electrical insulation,opacity/transparency, or hardness/toughness can be attained. For producing ceramic/ceramic com-pounds by conventional methodsjoining steps are applied which oftenlimit the geometry of the joiningzone. Furthermore, these methodsrequire a special surface quality ofboth components and sophisticateddevices, e.g. vacuum furnaces. Byshifting the joining step already in theshaping process costly and time-expensive technological processes canbe avoided. Two-component injectionmolding, well-known from plasticsindustry, offers the possibility to pro-duce ceramic parts with complex outer and inner geometry as well aswith complex interfaces without anyadditional joining steps. Owing to thehigh degree of automatization thisshaping method is suited for high-throughput production.

Results

In addition to thermal and chemicalcompatibility of the materials thecommon processability must beassured for the production of materialcompounds via a powder technologi-cal route. Within the framework ofthe European project CarCIM a two-component gear wheel for fuelpumps based on the material combi-nation alumina/zirconia toughenedalumina is developed (Figure 1). Toenable injection molding of ceramicpowders, a so-called feedstock is pre-pared by mixing thermoplasticbinders and powders up to a solidscontent of 50-60 vol%. By varyingthe solids content the shrinkage ofboth feedstocks during sintering canbe adjusted. Injection molding is car-

ried out at a two-component injec-tion molding machine (320 S, Arburg)provided with two injection units. Inthe case of the gear wheel the innerring wearing the gears is injectedfirst. Then the sprue is ejected, thetool rotates by 180° and the outerring is injected. Afterwards the greenpart is debinded thermally. For ensur-ing a defect-free material compoundwith sufficient strength in the sinteredstate, the interface in the green partmust be free of delaminations, cracksor inhomogeneities (Figure 2).


- Development and characterizationof powder injection molding feed-stocks

- Adaption of shrinkage of feed-stocks for common thermal treat-ment

- Injection molding of one and two-component parts

- Development of debinding and sin-tering routes

- Non-destructive testing of ceramicgreen and sintered parts by com-puted tomography

Ceramic ceramic compounds by two-componentinjection molding

Dipl.-Ing. Anne MannschatzDr. Tassilo Moritz

AcknowledgmentsFinancial support of the project CarCIM (TST5-CT-2006-031462) by the European Commissionis gratefully acknowledged.

Figure 1Two-component gear wheel in the green andin sintered state.

Figure 2Computed tomographic images of two cross-sections of a gear wheel in the green state.


Motivation

Metal-ceramic material compoundscombine the ductility of metals withthe high hardness of ceramics. Thecombination of both materials in onecomponent results in an increasedfunctional density, makes miniaturiza-tion and filigree design of compo-nents possible and simplifies the tech-nology as both materials are sinteredin one step (co-sintering).

In inmold labeling prefabricatedceramic or powder metal green tapesare put in the mold, and then, inject-ed with the respective material part-ner.

Additional joining steps can be savedas the material composite is realizedthrough the injection moldingprocess. Furthermore, extremely thinfunctional metal or ceramic layers canbe produced because there are nolimitations on account of limited flowpaths as compared to conventionaltwo-component injection molding.

Results

It is the technological challenge toadjust the shrinkage behavior of bothmaterials during debinding and sin-tering. By selecting the appropriatematerial combination and binder sys-tem the component can be sinteredin one step. The process is optimizedwith regard to layer and compoundquality as well as to efficiency inlarge-scale production. The potentialof the developed method can bedemonstrated with the help of thefollowing possibilities:Before the green tapes are put in themold, they can be punched and deepdrawn (Figure 1). In order to compen-sate stress due to different thermalexpansion it is possible to design thegreen tapes as laminate compoundwith continuous graduation of the

material composition (Figure 2). Fig-ure 3 shows one of the demonstra-tors developed in the project. Thepunched green tape made of powdersteel was put into the mold by meansof an automated handling system,and then injected with the zirconiafeedstock.


- Development of metal ceramicmaterial compounds which can beco-sintered

- Development of inmold labelingmethod for various material combi-nations

- Design and development of proto-types

GreenTaPIM: Inmold labeling of metal ceramic material compounds

Dipl.-Ing. Andreas BaumannDr. Reinhard LenkDr. Tassilo Moritz

Figure 1Deep-drawn tape made of zirconia and powdersteel.

Figure 2Laminate compound with five graded composi-tions (top 100 % zirconia, bottom 100 %powder steel).

Figure 3Green (with sprue) and sintered thread guide(in front), 20 mm in diameter.Design: Rauschert Heinersdorf-Pressig GmbH

AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank the German FederalMinistry of Economics and Technology (BMWi)and the project sponsor VDI/VDE/IT Berlin forfunding the InnoNet project GreenTaPIM (IN 5056) as well as the project partners (Uni-versity of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg,Karlsruhe university, Inmatec TechnologiesGmbH Rheinbach, MicroCeram GmbH Meis-sen, Heidorn Technologies GmbH Hamburg,MiMtechnik GmbH Schmalkalden, ArburgGmbH + Co. Lossburg, Rauschert Heinersdorf-Pressig GmbH and Olympus, Winter & IbeGmbH, Hamburg).

100 μm100 % ZrO2

80 % ZrO2

40 % ZrO2

20 % ZrO2

0 % ZrO2


Department

Micro and Energy SystemsDepartment head: Dr. Michael Stelter, Dr. Mihails Kusnezoff


Thick film technologyGrinding aggregates, roller mills, rheometer, microcalorimeter, screen printer with automatic positio-ning, profilometer, clean rooms, continuous andchamber furnaces, calibration laser

Multilayer ceramicsTape caster, via punch, via filler, isostatic and uni-axial lamination presses, structuring by laser andmicromill, sintering furnaces (zero and free shrinkage)

Simulation / CADANSYS, ANSYS/CFX, Matlab, Simulink, FlexPDE,FEMILAB, SolidWorks, AutoCAD

SOFC and system technologyTest stands for stacks, MEAs and components upto 5 kW, gas analysis

Low-temperature electrochemistryStandard test stands up to 600 fA, test stands forcombinatory microelectrochemistry, developmentand preparation stands for microcells


Realization of R&D projects for the developmentand application of functional ceramics for microand energy technology at all stages of the valuechain

- Pastes, screen printing technology- Technology development for Micro and Energy

Systems- Development and integration of components,

manufacturing of prototypes

- Failure analysis for functional ceramic devices- Screen printing on tubular substrates- Characterization of functional properties at

high temperatures- Characterization of electrical and electrochemi-

cal properties- CAD design and simulation of components and

systems- LTCC development and prototypes- Scientific device engineering

With its two research fields “Materials and Com-ponents“ and “Modules and Systems“, thedepartment covers the entire value chain offunctional ceramic solutions ranging from materi-als development to system application. Ourresearch focuses on electrochemical systems andmicrosystems for hybrid technology, sensor tech-nology, and energy conversion. We have 15 yearsexperience in the field of thick film technologyresearch and development, including develop-ment, preparation and manufacture of ceramicfunctional materials for various coating and depo-sition methods at pilot scale. We have used thisexperience and competence in our own researchwork to develop innovative and cost-effectivecomponents with increased functionality, such assensors, thick film batteries and micropackages.


By means of multilayer technology (LTCC andHTCC) we are able to manufacture microsystemsof the highest reliability and integration density forsophisticated applications. In this field we are alsoinvolved in the entire technological process, fromresearch to production. Our research combinesconventional electronic packaging with elementsof micro-fluid dynamics and microactuators tocreate innovative products and new applications.


SOFC fuel cells are one core competence of ourdepartment. R&D areas include components,stacks, complete energy systems and their ceramicreactors. We put focus especially on the use ofbiogenic energy carriers. Practical work is suppor-ted by an efficient simulation of materials, devicesand systems based on experimentally determinedmaterial parameters.


Paste, Sensor, Microsystem Technology

Dr. Lars Rebenklau

[email protected]

HT Electrochemistry and Components

Dr. Nikolai Trofimenko

[email protected]

Microsystems / MLC

Dr. Uwe Partsch

[email protected]

Modeling

Dr. Wieland Beckert

[email protected]

Conductive Materials,

Glass, Joining Technology

Dr. Jochen Schilm

[email protected]

Energy Systems

Dr. Mareike Schneider

[email protected]

Combinatorial Microelectrochemistry

Dr. Michael Schneider

[email protected]

Mobile Energy Systems

Dr. Matthias Jahn

[email protected]



Motivation

Within the framework of the researchproject for renewable energy supplyfunded by the Free State of Saxonyand the European Union the scientistsat Fraunhofer IKTS developed a sys-tem for power and heat supply onthe basis of renewable resources andinstalled it at a biogas pilot plant.

SOFC technology may significantlycontribute to efficient energy conver-sion over a broad power range usingrenewable energy sources.

Results

The assembly of the hotbox compo-nents reformer, fuel cell stack andanode tailgas oxidizer is depicted inFigure 1.

The entire system is installed in a lab-oratory container inside of which itwas transported to the biogas pilotplant in Rosswein.

Within the series of experiments itcould be verified that biogas – afterthe necessary removal of sulfur com-ponents – may be utilized very well inthe developed SOFC system. The firststep is to convert it to a synthesis gascontaining H2 and CO by supplyingbiogas and air to the reformer.

CH4 + ½O2 � CO + 2 H2

CO2 + H2 � CO + H2O

The removal of CO or CO2 is not nec-essary for the built system since CO isusable fuel for a SOFC.

Employing a biogas composed of

CH4: 55 % CO2: 45 %

SOFC system powered by biogas

Dipl.-Ing. Marc HeddrichDr. Matthias JahnDipl.-Ing. Felix MarschallekM. Sc. Ralf Näke

the following performance could beachieved:

Continuous automatic operationPel = 1 kWηDC = 27.8 %FU = 55 %

Full load operationPel = 1.32 kWηDC = 43.9 %FU = 85 %

Over a period of 1600 h the systemwas operated both on synthetic bio-gas and in direct coupling to the bio-gas pilot plant.


- Development, testing and pro-duction of high temperature com-ponents for fuel cell systems

- Design and manufacturing of fuelcell systems with an electric poweroutput of Pel=1-10 kW for differentbiogenic fuels (BTL diesel, biogas,landfill gas, bio ethanol etc.)

- Gas analyses, mass and energybalancing

- Support in application of fuel cellsystems in research and education

Figure 1SOFC system.

Figure 2Installation of the fuel cell containerat the biogas pilot plant in Rosswein.

AcknowledgmentsThe project is funded by the European Union(EFRE) and the Free State of Saxony.

Figure 3Cell voltages and electric power duringthe first series of experiments.


Motivation

In the last several years, the SOFC fuelcell technology was developed up toan impressive level of functionality atFraunhofer IKTS. Beginning withceramic powders, solders, gasketsand cells to complete stacks and end-ing with complete systems and theircomponents, many design approach-es have been brought to commercialapplication together with our indus-trial partners. Among these develop-ments IKTS was involved in high pow-er ESC cells, glass tapes, ceramic pro-tective layers and SOFC stacks. Asmany of these technologies are com-mercialized now, the focus of futurefuel cell research at IKTS will change.

In the past we mainly concentratedon the basic functionality of compo-nents and stacks, such as the size ofthe component, power density andthe operation with different fuels. Inthe future, aspects directly relevant tothe fuel cell product development willbecome much more important. Amain issue will be the operation ofSOFCs under system-equivalentregimes: thermally self-sustaining,with carbon containing fuels, or withfuel containing contaminants such asH2S. An extremely important parame-

ter will be the long-term stability offuel cells, thus we will carry out teststhat last for several 10,000 hours.Furthermore, the next logical step inthe IKTS system strategy is the devel-opment of SOFC system componentsbeyond the stack.

All these new requirements clearlyshowed the limits of the existing IKTStest installations. Significant invest-ments in new test hardware as well asin building equipment were neces-sary. A newly built SOFC test centerwith substantially increased laborato-ry space was identified as the optimalsolution.

Results

Still during the winter months of2007 the construction phase started,following an extremely short planningand preparation phase. The coopera-tion among IKTS, the Fraunhoferheadquarters, local facility manage-ment, architects and technical plan-ning offices during this really intensetime was excellent. The shell of thebuilding was finished in January2008, followed by complex technicalequipment installations. Immediatelyafterwards, the first four SOFC teststands could be installed. Finally, onFebruary 19 the opening ceremonytook place, with many guests fromindustry, science and politics.

Right after the opening, the first fourstack test stands, delivered by FuelconAG, were commissioned. They allowlong-term tests of SOFCs under sys-tem relevant operating conditions formany thousand hours, cyclic loadingand contaminant addition to the fuelgas. More test equipment will follow.

The test center comprises approx.200 m² of usable laboratory space.Over 15 stations in the lab hall pro-vide safe and convenient access to all

Fuel cell test center

Dr. Michael Stelter

Figure 1 Modern stack test stands are the core of thenew test center.


gases that are relevant for fuel cellresearch, such as hydrogen, nitrogen,oxygen and carbon monoxide. Butalso special gases that may be con-tained as contaminants in real fuelsare provided from a central gas stor-age area. The tubing in the test cen-ter is built as a redundant gas ring toease up maintenance and installationwork without having to shut downthe whole test center. Off heat thatmay be produced by fuel cell systemsand test stands can be cooled awayby a 150 kW water based coolingloop. This cooling power is equivalentto several domestic combined heatand power fuel cell units. To interceptfailures and to prevent having to shutdown the complete installation if onlysmall events occur on a single teststand, an elaborate alarm system incombination with an uninterruptablepower supply has been installed. Ofmajor importance especially duringlong-term tests is the safety of dataacquisition and storage. In some cas-es, several terabytes of data need tobe handled, thus double-redundantglass fiber cable connects the testcenter with two SQL databases ontest field servers in the IKTS mainbuilding. All these features ensure amaximum in availability and safety ofthe installation.

The test center is separated from themain building and also has a separateaccess control system. It can thus pro-vide the level of IP protection andconfidentiality that is required byindustrial partners and customers.The first projects in the new centerstarted as early as a few weeks afterthe opening.

The new SOFC test center at IKTS istruly unique in its flexibility andequipment. It underlines IKTS’ claimto be one of the leading institutes ofSOFC research in Europe.


- Long-term testing and functionaltesting of SOFC stacks and compo-nents as a contractor and in coop-eration

- Direct access to dedicated testhardware for customers and coop-eration partners

Technical parameters

- Five SOFC stack test stands Evalua-tor S from 500 W to 5 kW

- Ten additional stations for testhardware

- Central supply for fuel gases andspecial gases including hydrogenand natural gas

- Central cooling water supply 150 kW (thermal)

- Central gas monitoring and safetyequipment with single stationshutdown capability

Figure 2 Thomas Jurk, Saxon State Minister of EconomicAffairs and Labor, attends the press event atthe opening of the new test center.

Figure 3 Large amounts of data are processed using modern computer technology.

- Double redundant test field serverwith SQL database and storagecluster


Motivation

Due to their special characteristicsopen-cell ceramic foams are particu-larly suitable for the use within hightemperature reactors:

- Temperature-stable up to 1300 °C- High thermal conductivity- Good temperature change behavior- Large geometrical surface- Manufacturing of multifaceted

forms

Amongst other fields these reactorsare used for gas pre-treatment andpost-treatment for solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) systems. Close cooperation isestablished to the Working Group onCarbide Ceramics of Fraunhofer IKTSthat supplies the ceramic foams andpursues their further research.

Results

Homogeneous combustion

Reactors with uncoated ceramicfoams already were successfullyemployed within two SOFC systemsof the power range of Pel=1 kWwhich were developed and tested atFraunhofer IKTS. For this purpose spe-cial reactors were developed whichare qualified for the operation withcold biogas of high chemical inputpowers (system start with Pch=4 kW)as well as total oxidation of hot fuelcell exhaust gas of low chemical inputpowers (Pch=0.5 kW at T=850 °C).Emissions of carbon monoxide arewell below 10 ppm for both cases.

Catalytic post-combustion

Anode tailgas oxidizers with catalyti-cally-active coated foams (Figure 2)for fuel cell systems within the powerrange of Pel=0.1-1 kW are currentlybeing developed. Here a homoge-neous combustion of the fuel cell

exhaust gases is not possible becausetheir ignition limits are under-run.

A suitable catalyst for the applicationwas found in experiments with Pt-loaded extruded aluminum oxide in afixed bed reactor.

Experiments with SiC-coated ceramicfoams showed that at an operatingtemperature of the afterburner of800 °C CO emission levels lower than 10 ppm can be achieved even forhigh space velocities (100,000 h-1).Hydrogen was not detectable in theafterburner´s offgas.

Further activities lie in the field ofimplementation of ceramic foamswithin reformers for the precondition-ing of fuels for SOFC systems.


- Development, construction andtesting of high-temperature reac-tors with ceramic foams for the useof fuel gases with low calorific val-ues (biogas, fuel cell exhaust, land-fill gas) within the power range ofPch=0.1-1 kW

- Development, characterization andscreening of catalysts for the oxida-tion of carbon monoxide andhydrogen

- Catalyst stress-tests for the evalua-tion of degradation and aging

- Development of coated ceramicfoams for the reforming of bio-genic fuels

Reactor development on the basis of SiC foam ceramics

Dipl.-Ing. Felix Marschallek, Dipl.-Ing. Rico BelitzDr. Matthias Jahn, Dipl.-Chem. Dorothea MännelDipl.-Ing. Daniela Böttge

Figure 1Homogeneous combustion within an uncoatedSiC foam.

Figure 2Washcoated SiC foam.

Figure 3Pollutant emissions (carbon monoxide) forhomogeneous combustion.


Motivation

By using multilayer technology ceram-ic materials can be converted intoflexible, laminatable green tapes.These tapes are screen printed withfunctional elements, laminated andsintered (co-firing) resulting in highlyintegrated monolithic ceramic bodieswhich are used as carriers for micro-systems or as substrates for the semi-conductor industry. AlN is particularlycharacterized by high thermal con-ductivity making this material inter-esting for packaging applications ofsemiconductors. Using AlN ceramicsin form of multilayers (AlN-HTCC) it ispossible to realize insulation, thermalconductivity, hermeticity, high densityof wiring and excellent HF properties.Multilayer technology is important inthe communication of satellites aswell as aerospace and safety technol-ogy.

Results

Fraunhofer IKTS is equipped with anindustry tape casting machine bymeans of which continuous AlN tapesbetween 200 μm and 400 μm inthickness can be casted (Figure 1).The tapes show a high quality in thehomogeneity of the components.Deviations in tape thickness arebelow 10 %. The flexible tapes canbe cut and punched to realize thedimensions and vias between the AlNlayers. By uniaxial pressing at a tem-perature < 80 °C the tapes are lami-nated. The AlN laminates aredebindered and sintered in a hightemperature furnace with tungstenheating elements. Figure 2 shows anAlN multilayer consisting of six singletapes.

The following properties areobtained:

Density 3.31 g/cm3

Porosity < 0.05 % Roughness 0.7 μm Thermal conduction > 150 W/mKShrinkage 16.5 %

Furthermore, tungsten-based pastesare developed which can be co-firedwith AlN tapes. In addition to an ade-quate electric conductivity of the met-allization, it is the main goal of thedevelopment to adjust the shrinkagebetween paste and tape in order toavoid warpage of the multilayer dur-ing co-firing. Figure 3 shows such ametallization with a sheet resistanceof 35 mOhm/sq based on a thicknessof 20 μm. Previous analyses showthat besides carefully selected rawmaterials the processing technologymainly contributes to the quality andthe properties of the multilayer.


- Development of ceramic tapes

- Preparation of metallization pastesfor co-firing and post-firing ofHTCC materials

- Technology development along thewhole process chain of HTCC com-ponents (structuring, screen print-ing and ink jet printing, lamination,debindering, sintering and charac-terization)

Development of a AlN multilayer system

Dr. Marco FritschDipl.-Min. Bernd Joedecke

Figure 1AlN green tapes.

Figure 2AlN multilayer ceramics after sintering.

Figure 3Cross section of a tungsten metallization onAlN after co-firing.

1 cm

1 cm

20 μm


Motivation

Reliable, compact and low-cost CO2

sensors are of great interest for a vari-ety of possible applications in indus-trial and medical processes. Openingup new markets, in particular,requires lower costs of devices, theirsimple handling and low energy con-sumption. Potentiometrically workingsensors comply with these require-ments. Furthermore, their measure-ment signal (voltage) is independentof the sensor size. This allows a cost-effective miniaturization of the sensorby means of thick film technology.Despite the progress made in thedevelopment of planar thick film CO2

sensors reliably working sensors ofthis type are not commercially avail-able up to now. This goes back to theinsufficient long-term stability fromseveral months up to years requiredfor commercial applications.

It was the aim of research to developand characterize a long-term stableCO2 solid electrolyte sensor in thickfilm technology.

Results

Within the framework of the collabo-ration different sensor layouts with anelectrode area of 22 mm2, 4 mm2 and2 mm2 were developed which demon-strate a significant miniaturization ofthe sensor. The functional layers of theplanar sensor (Figure 1) were screenprinted on the solid electrolyte coatedsubstrate. For that purpose differentelectrolyte coatings with high ion con-ductivity and a long-term stability ofmore than 10,000 hours were devel-oped and characterized. The sensorbehavior and long-term stability of theCO2 solid electrolyte sensors weredetermined under different applica-tion-relevant conditions (Figure 2).Long-term experiments showed theinfluence of storage conditions like

time, moisture and operating parame-ters on the sensor properties like sensi-tivity and stability. It was verified thatthe operating parameters have a sig-nificant influence on the long-termstability. The sensor stability wasincreased many times over by optimiz-ing the operating temperature of thesensor. The resulting long-term stabilityof more than 7,300 hours (>10 months)represents a peak value for miniatur-ized screen printed CO2 solid elec-trolyte sensors in comparison with cur-rent data of technical literature. Thisallowed the successful technologytransfer of the manufacturing process-es for sensors used for breathing gasmonitoring as well as the developmentof further strategies to increase thelong-term stability which is subject ofcurrent work.


Development of integrated electro-chemical sensors by means of screenprinting and multilayer technology aswell as the development of theappropriate thick-film pastes

CO2 solid electrolyte sensor in thick film technology

Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Chriffe BeldaDr. Claudia Feller

Figure 1Thick film CO2 sensor with integrated heateron the opposite side (top).

Figure 2Characteristic curves of a CO2 sensor.

AcknowledgmentsThe project was funded by BMBF/BMWi withinthe framework of the AiF project Pro INNO II.ACEOS GmbH Dresden and ZIROX Sensoren &Elektronik GmbH are greatly acknowledged fortheir collaboration.


Motivation

One of the important advantages ofsolid oxide fuel cells is the fact thatvarious types of fuel gases such as H2,CO, CH4 or hydrocarbons and alco-hols can be used as compared to oth-er fuel cells. Thus, it is easier to inte-grate the SOFC in systems that canalso be powered with biomass fuelsaside from fossil fuels. However, it isdisadvantageous that these gasesmay often contain different contami-nants which negatively affect the per-formance of the SOFC.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of themost hazardous and stable contami-nants for SOFCs. H2S can damage theanode even in the ppm range anddecrease the performance of theSOFC system. For this reason the limitvalues and mechanisms for H2S cont-amination of the electrodes have tobe investigated.

Results

The influence of H2S was studiedunder system-relevant operating con-ditions. The specific test stand allowsone to simulate different biomass andfossil fuels and to contaminate thesingle-cell stacks with H2S. The degra-dation was characterized by means ofvoltage-current curves and imped-ance measurements.

Sulphur mainly damages the anodeby deactivating the nickel surfaceresulting in a decrease of the threephase boundaries (TPB) where theelectrochemical reactions take place.SOFC cells with different anode mate-rials showed different contaminationbehavior. In the project two types ofanodes, Ni/ZrO2 and Ni/CeO2, wereinvestigated. The cells with Ni/CeO2

anodes were more tolerant to H2Sthan Ni/ZrO2 anodes when the watercontent of the fuel was ≤ 6 vol%. At

higher concentrations the anode wasirreversibly damaged. In comparison,the internal resistance of ZrO2 con-taining anodes increased very fastand strongly even at very low H2Sconcentrations, but could be regener-ated almost completely after H2S supply was stopped. The reason ofthis difference can bee seen in theionic/electronic conductivity of CeO2

under reducing atmospheres.

The characterization of H2S contami-nation of SOFCs allows a betterunderstanding of deactivationprocesses in the anode, to identifyH2S concentration limits and to devel-op effective regeneration processesfor SOFC systems.


- Investigation of SOFC MEAs withregard to H2S influence on SOFCperformance

- Development of H2S resistant electrodes

- Investigation of the influence ofcontaminants on SOFC performan-ce

Effect of H2S on solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) operation

M. Sc. Sena Kavurucu SchubertDr. Mihails Kusnezoff

Figure 1Operating voltage of a cell with cermet anodeat cyclical H2S contamination (i=350mA/cm²).

Figure 2Impedance spectra of an SOFC with Ni/CeO2

anode at different H2S concentrations.

AcknowledgmentsThe results were obtained within the frame-work of the ProBio Program and in cooperationwith Staxera GmbH.


Motivation

Solid oxide fuel cells have the advan-tage of converting fuel gases intoelectrical energy with high efficiencywithout using expensive catalysts. Fora commercial success the long-termstability has to be improved and themanufacturing costs have to bereduced. To increase the long-termstability the occurring degradationeffects have to be better understoodand separated. It is assumed that theoxide layer at the interface betweeninterconnect and ceramic contact lay-er introduces significant contributionsto the total degradation of the SOFC.The analysis of polished cross sectionshas shown that ceramic coatingsinfluence this oxide layer formation(Figure 1). The aim is to obtain adense, thin and highly conductiveoxide layer.

Results

The area specific resistance at theinterface between interconnect andcontact layer was determined to esti-mate the degradation caused byoxide layer formation. A specific sam-ple (Figure 2) was developed guaran-teeing a reproducible geometry. Themeasured resistance data were ana-lyzed using simulation tools to avoidmeasurement errors of conventionalmethods.At first, the time-dependent resistivi-ties of the contact layer materials(bulk) were determined in separatemeasurements. In order to determinethe resistance at the interface on thebasis of these values, the real geome-tries of the contact layer ribs weredetermined (polished cross section,image processing) and simulatedusing an exact 3D model (Figure 3).By inverse parameter variation, accu-rate and reproducible area specificresistances were obtained.

The determined resistances dependedon the used ceramic materials andalloys. For the material combinationof fuel cells without an additionalprotection layer (Mk 100 of StaxeraGmbh) interface resistances of 1.0 mΩcm² were determined after150 h at 850 °C in air, and 9.1 mΩcm² after 3200 h. The contri-bution of those resistances to thetotal resistance of the fuel cell, thus,can be neglected.The increase of area specific resis-tance at the interface between inter-connect and contact layer was 3.1 mΩcm²/1000 h. The total degra-dation of a comparable stack is 23 mΩcm²/1000 h at 850 °C. Thecontribution of interface resistancebetween contact layer and intercon-nect to the total degradation of thestack is 27 % when adjusting thetotal degradation by the real geome-try factor. The remaining degradationis caused by other effects.By means of this new method, furtherpromising materials for contact layerswere investigated. It was proved thatthis method is very effective to screenhigh-temperature material combina-tions under real conditions. Usingexact three-dimensional analysis, sep-arated areas specific resistances wereobtained even with irregular samplegeometries.


Determination of area specific resis-tances at the interface between twomaterials at temperatures above 700 °C, e.g. for SOFC

Influence of oxide layer formation on the degradation behavior of SOFC fuel cells

Dipl.-Ing. Stefan MegelDr. Viktar Sauchuk

Figure 1Oxide layer formation after 1600 h at 850 °Cunder air at a metal surface a) without ceramiccoating and b) with ceramic coating.

Figure 2Sample geometry (schematic).

Figure 3Current density distribution of a three-dimen-sionally simulated sample.

AcknowledgmentsThe work was funded by the Federal Ministryof Economy and Technology and realized incollaboration with Staxera GmbH.

500 μm 500 μm

a b

Contact wires

Interconnect

Ceramic ribs

Oxide scale

Current density [mA/cm2]

0 1250 2500 3750 5000


Motivation

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) convertthe chemical energy of various fuelgases into electricity. At FraunhoferIKTS the specific components, e.g.interconnectors, are joined by partiallycrystallizing glass seals. These sealsseparate air and fuel gas cavities upto high temperatures and are addi-tionally used for electrical insulationof adjacent components. The glassseals have to match the requirementsin terms of chemical compatibilitywith metallic interconnectors andaggressive environments at high tem-peratures. Also during SOFC opera-tion a voltage up to 1.3 V is appliedto the glass sealings. The stabilityrequired under the influence of anelectrical field during the whole oper-ation time up to 40,000 h has notbeen systematically investigated sofar.

Results

Fraunhofer IKTS developed a test rigthat allows the treatment of high-temperature sealing materials underSOFC relevant conditions in a dualatmosphere and simultaneouslyapplying a voltage at maximum tem-peratures of 1000 °C. Reactions atthe interfaces, changes in themicrostructure of the sealing glassand also effects of various fuel gascompositions were investigated bymeans of scanning electronmicroscopy (Figure 1). In the case ofsample sealings consisting of SOFC-relevant materials dense Cr-Mn-Znoxide layers were found at the inter-faces. Their growth correlates stronglywith the amount of the applied volt-age. The polarization of the metallicsubstrates caused by the electricalpotential results in additional reac-tions, such as the formation of crys-talline SiO2 on the anode side. Reactions caused by atmospheric

influences are mainly localized at theouter interfaces of the sealing glass.A formation of BaCrO4 is only foundon the air side, but not along theinterface between glass and metal.On the fuel side various fuel gas com-positions were tested and only minorchanges in the microstructure of thesealing glass were found. Figure 2shows the behavior of the resistivityof a sealing glass at 850 °C as a func-tion of the applied voltage. After theresistivity has strongly increased atfirst, a maximum value is passed fol-lowed by a continuous reduction.Both the position of the maximumand the reduction of resistivity clearlydepend on the applied voltage.Strong interfacial reactions, particular-ly the formation of Cr-Mn-Zn oxidelayers, occurring with increasing volt-age, are responsible for this behavior.

Products and services offered - Test of high-temperature sealing

materials in SOFC-relevant gas con-ditions

- Combined loading due to dualatmosphere and applied voltage

- Analysis and characterization ofinterfacial reactions and changes inthe glass

Degradation of SOFC sealing glasses in dual atmo-spheres under the influence of applied voltage

Dr. Jochen SchilmDipl.-Ing. Axel Rost

Figure 1Different microstructures of anodically and cathodically polarized glass metal interfacesbetween glass and Crofer22.

Figure 2Resistivity at 850 °C under dual atmosphereand applied voltage between 0.7 and 30 V.

AcknowledgmentsThe results were obtained in cooperation andby financial support of Staxera GmbH.

200 μmAnode

Cathode


Department

Environmental Processing TechnologyDepartment head: Dr. Michael Stelter


Stationary and mobile measurement technology

Particle measurement / millimeter-scale to nano-meter-scaleTest sieves, laser diffraction spectrometer, FibreShape, Sysmex FPIA-3000, HPPS, centrifuge, Tur-biscan, turbidity measurement, zeta potential mea-surement, particle charge detectors, process visco-simeter

Microscopes / microbiological measurement Transmitted light and fluorescence microscope,spectral photometer for element analysis andenzyme determination, bacterial count andnutrient analysis

Environmental analysis / sample preparationStandard equipment, bucket and refrigerated cen-trifuge, membrane filtration

Stationary and mobile technical equipment

Homogenization and comminution equipmentHigh-speed homogenizer, ultrasound technology,cutting mill, disintegration module system

Anaerobe / aerobe technologyWastewater treatment plant, fermentation reactor(1 l, 5 l, 10 l)

Flocculation and dewatering equipmentLaboratory decanter and frame filter press, floccu-lation reactor

HygienizationUV hygienization plant, drying chambers, sterilizer


- Innovative process and system development inthe environmental field: development, practica-bility, commercialization

- Realization of disintegration systems for bio-mass treatment as well as support in projects byengineers and scientists

- Determination of gas potential of biogenic substrates

- Determination of reaction kinetics for anaerobicdigestion processes

- Complex system analysis by using special mea-surement technology for problem solving orreduction operating costs

- Concepts for industrial water treatment andmaterial recycling

- Application engineering and evaluation of poten-tial use for membrane technology

- Ultrasound applications and simulation of cavi-tation fields

- Expertises and expert opinions

Process and System Characterization

Dr. Hannelore Friedrich

[email protected]

Systems Integration

Dr. Eberhard Friedrich

[email protected]


Research and development objectives of the Envi-ronmental Processing Technology departmentinclude process and system development in thefield of drinking water purification, wastewaterand sludge treatment for municipal and industrialwastewater treatment plants, and renewableenergy generation. An interdisciplinary team ofexperts qualified in the fields of process enginee-ring, residential water management and Environ-mental Processing Technology develops innova-tive processes and systems for the national andinternational market.

Our new disintegration module system has beenintroduced to the international market for waste-water sludge treatment and is expected to findmany applications in the field of biomass treat-ment. It is the short-term goal of our innovativeand future-oriented research to increase both the

quantity and quality of biogas produced by thesystem. An attractive synergistic effect is achievedby using biogas in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)developed at the Fraunhofer IKTS.

Within the framework of production-integratedenvironmental protection of natural resources(water and raw materials), we are currently resear-ching energy management life cycle analysis in theceramic industry. A further area of research is theremoval of environmentally harmful substances(pollutants and synthetic additives) from treatedwastewater using modern environmentally soundmethods (membrane technology and hygienizati-on).

Environmental Processing Technology


Motivation

Production-integrated environmentalprotection (PIEP) with its holistic viewmay lead to significant resource andenergy saving. Companies candecrease their high costs by reducingtheir water, energy and material con-sumption as well as their wastewaterand waste by appropriate measures.Suppliers of innovative process tech-nology can benefit from the imple-mentation of these PIEP measuresand target new market opportunities.

Results

Decentralized process water treat-ment

Potentials for reclamation (water, rawmaterials) in sanitary production weredetermined by systematic stream andmaterial analyses. Laboratory andpilot scale tests led to a suitable sys-tem selection (decanting centrifuge)for solid-liquid separation of processwater streams of the production lines“ceramic mass” and “white glaze”.Using these methods Duravit Sanitär-porzellan Meissen GmbH is able torecycle more than 200 t of whiteglaze from process water which canbe reused in the production process.This technology and system devel-oped in cooperation with FraunhoferIKTS proved to be economically andenvironmentally beneficial in otherbranches of Duravit AG as well. In order to increase the productionefficiency modern pressure castingmachines were installed for the pro-duction of toilets in the years2007/2008. Increasing amounts ofwashing water polluted with differentchemical additives resulted in an over-load of the industrial wastewatertreatment plant. By using a decentral-ized process water treatment technol-ogy in the business unit “toilet pres-sure casting” with a dynamic cross-

flow filtration unit the freshwaterconsumption could be reduced andthe wastewater treatment plant couldbe relieved significantly. The processwater can be reused as washing fluidin the pressure casting machine andconsiderably less chemicals have to beused. Moreover, an impact load ofthe wastewater treatment plant couldbe avoided.

Improvements of quality by onlinemeasurements

The installation of an online measure-ment equipment for continuous andsimultaneous monitoring of tempera-ture, pH and electro-acoustical mobili-ty in the feed flow of the pressurecasting machine allows a deeperinsight into the change of suspensionproperties, and thus effects on theproduct results. An early detection ofproduct defects in the suspensionallows immediately exerting an influ-ence and assures high product quali-ty. Online monitoring of suspensionsis considered as a standard solutionfor other production lines to increaseand assure the quality. Through con-sequent application of PIEP methodsconsiderable amounts of resources(drinking water, raw materials andenergy) could be saved and opera-tional costs could be minimized atDuravit Sanitärporzellan MeissenGmbH.


- Process and system analysis

- Concepts and expertise in PIEP

Production-integrated environmental protection inthe ceramic industry: Measures for quality manage-ment, cost reduction and environmental protection

Dr. Hannelore Friedrich

Figure 1Process criteria for system selection of solid-liquid separation technology (raw materialreclamation).

Figure 2Process water from pressure casting processbefore and after treatment with a dynamiccross-flow filtration unit, ceramic membranesof 20 nm in thickness.

AcknowledgmentsThe author would like to thank Duravit Sanitär-porzellan Meissen GmbH for its research coope-ration and the commissioning of R&D services.

Process water

Recycled process water


Motivation

Energy production from renewableresources becomes more and moreimportant when the prices for fossilfuels as well as the worldwide energydemand increase. In this context agri-cultural biogas plants for the produc-tion of electrical and thermal energywere installed in the last few years.The amount of digestat of these bio-gas plants used as a fertilizer on agri-cultural fields strongly increased atthe same time. Storage capacity par-ticularly on large biogas plants is alimiting factor so that a specific treat-ment of the digestat becomes neces-sary. For this purpose mechanicaldewatering is suitable followed byultrafiltration to completely separatethe particulate matter. The obtainednutrients in the solid phase as well asin the permeate can be exploited suc-cessfully. The solid phase can be puton fields and the permeate can eitherbe reused in the process or furtherprocessed.

Results

By mechanical dewatering withoutflocculation aids suspensions with adry solids content of 5 % wereobtained which served as feed forultrafiltration tests which were con-ducted with different commerciallyavailable membranes and ceramicmembranes developed at the Fraun-hofer IKTS. Figure 1 shows the volume fractionsof the solid and liquid phase of differ-ent digestates and dewatering tech-nologies. In order to operate theultrafiltration unit efficiently nearlysolid-free process water is required.This could be achieved using dewa-tering technologies. Figure 2 showsthe retention behavior of the investi-gated ceramic membranes for differ-ent nutrients. No significant differ-ence in the performance of the differ-

ent membranes could be observed.However, the retention of ions couldbe detected where the retention foranions (phosphate, nitrate) as well aschemically oxidizable substances washigher as compared to cations(ammonium). This behavior can beexplained with the formation of anionic gel layer on the membrane sur-face, which served as additionalactive separation layer. In Figure 3 themodule with a ceramic wave-likesheet membrane developed at Fraun-hofer IKTS is presented. In compari-son to commercially available mem-branes this module has a longer ser-vice life as well as high flow rates atconstant retention.


- Process development and econo-mic evaluation for digestat treat-ment on agricultural biogas plants

- Evaluation of the nutrient potentialof digestates

- Realization of dewatering experi-ments in laboratory as well as pilotplant scale with different aggrega-tes

- Filtration experiments with diffe-rent membranes in lab scale as wellas pilot plant scale

- Development of ceramic sheetmembranes and membrane modu-les

Innovative developments for digestate treatment onagricultural biogas plants

Dipl.-Ing. Robert MaasDr. Ron SchumannDr. Eberhard Friedrich

Figure 1 Volume fractions of different digestat afterdewatering.

Figure 2 Retention behavior of different ceramic mem-branes.

Figure 3 Ceramic membrane module.

AcknowledgmentsThe results were obtained within the frameworkof the project “Use of renewable resources withintegrated wastewater and sludge treatment forrenewable energy production with CHP andsolid oxide fuel cell“. The project was funded bythe European Union (EFRE) and the Free Stateof Saxony.


Motivation

Sludge disintegration by means ofpower ultrasound has become anestablished large-scale method inanaerobic digestion in the last fewyears. The underlying mechanismsand processes taking place in thesedisintegration reactors, however, havenot been investigated so far. In orderto design and optimize these reactorsit is necessary to know and under-stand the propagation of an ultra-sound field in a non-Newtonian andcavitating fluid as well as the fluidflow in such reactors. Due to theopaque nature and inhomogeneousproperties of the sewage sludge it isnot possible to measure the fluid flowvisually. Therefore, the numerical simulation has proved to be a furtherpossibility to gain knowledge.

Results

Simulations of the sound and fluidflow field were conducted with thefinite element simulation tool Flex-PDE. A 2D model of the sound fieldwas applied in which the specificproperties of a continuously fed reac-tor and the fluid were implemented.Sewage sludges and especially thick-ened surplus activated sludge havethe following properties:- Opacity- Non-Newtonian properties - Inhomogeneous composition In a first approach the sound field(Figure 1) for the process of sludgedisintegration was modeled with amodified Helmholtz equation consid-ering damping effects of the soundamplitude using a complex formulat-ed attenuation coefficient. Attenua-tion of the sound amplitude can beattributed to viscous, thermal andmolecular effects as well as absorp-tion of sound energy in the cavitationbubbles formed in the fluid. Theexperimentally deduced attenuation

coefficient includes the fluid flowinduced by a feed pump as well as thenon-Newtonian properties of thesewage sludge. In the next step thevector field was calculated by couplingthe sound and fluid flow field. Theresulting driving force vectors wereincluded in the fluid flow equations asan additional impulse. The flow equa-tions are the impulse and mass bal-ance formulated for an incompress-ible, non-Newtonian fluid. Throughexperimentally deduced equations theinfluence of cavitation on the non-Newtonian viscosity was determined.The velocity field (Figure 2, left) andthe viscosity field (Figure 2, right) forsludge disintegration were calculatedusing the aforementioned modelequations.The introduced model equations aresuitable to simulate the sound andfluid flow field in sewage sludgesfrom municipal wastewater treatmentplants and can be used as a tool forprocess optimization.


- Numerical simulation of continu-ously and batch driven ultrasoundvessels in Newtonian (e.g. water)as well as non-Newtonian fluids(e.g. polymer solutions)

- Optimization of design and processparameters of power ultrasoundsystems

Numerical and experimental investigation of sludgedisintegration with power ultrasound

Dipl.-Ing. Robert Maas

Figure 1Simulated sound field in an ultrasound reactorfor sludge disintegration.

Figure 2Sound and velocity field (left) as well as viscosi-ty field (right) at a cascade sonotrode.

AcknowledgmentsFinancial support of the Pro INNO project (KF0014203KDA2) by the German Federal Minis-try of Economics and Technology is gratefullyacknowledged.

Sound andvelocity field

Apparentviscosity


Motivation

Sewage sludge disintegration in orderto increase the biogas output and toreduce the amount of sludge to bedisposed is a well established andcommercialized technology in anaero-bic sludge stabilization in digesters.However, a large amount of waste-water treatment plants are notequipped with digesters, which meansthat sludge stabilization has to berealized by aerobic treatment. In thiscase large amounts of sludge are gen-erated. The application of disintegra-tion technologies in large-scale tominimize the sludge amount in aero-bic sludge stabilization plants wasinvestigated only in a few cases for ashort period of time. This causesuncertainties regarding the effective-ness of this process. Against this back-ground a 6 kW ultrasound unit wasinstalled on a wastewater treatmentplant in France within the frameworkof a project with partners from Franceand the Netherlands funded by the EUfrom 2005 to 2008. It was the objec-tive of the project to measure thereduction of sludge output, to deter-

mine the release of climate-relevantgases and the sludge quality, to trans-fer the process parameters to otherwastewater treatment plants, and toevaluate the economic benefits. Priorto the installation of the ultrasoundsystem extensive lab scale experimentsas well as field tests were necessary.After a lead time, including structuralalterations according to the require-ments of the planned tests, an ultra-sound unit was installed in the returnsludge stream of the 6300 p.e. wastewater treatment plant. The ultrasoundunit was operated with a feed flow of1.2 m³/h between July 2007 and April2008. The parameters of the waste-water treatment plant were continu-ously monitored during the periodswith and without ultrasound treat-ment. In addition, extensive periodicsampling and on-site analyses wereconducted to observe the processparameters and the state of the ultra-sound equipment.

Results

Applying ultrasound treatment thesludge production decreased by

Sewage sludge reduction by disintegration of return sludge

Dr. Hannelore FriedrichDr. Burkhardt Fassauer

28 %. These results were verified withengineering calculation modelsderived in France and Germany. Asexpected an increased release of CO2

during the ultrasound treatment peri-od was observed. Considering allemissions of climate relevant gases(CO2, CH4, NO2) no increase was visi-ble. Analysis of sludge quality consid-ering the parameters AOX, HAP, NTK,P-Ptotal, Cu, Cd, Zn, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pbshowed no influence of ultrasoundtreatment. By means of a scale-upmodel derived from process parame-ters the break-even point for thisapplication of ultrasound treatmentcan be estimated to be at least 55 euros sludge disposal cost per tonof dry matter. Thus, the application ofthis ultrasound process is suitable foraerobic sludge stabilization and eco-nomically beneficial for operatingcompanies. The operation of the disin-tegration technology was free fromdisturbance at low wear of the ultra-sound sonotrode.


- System solutions for sludge andbiomass disintegration

- Process, energy and fluid flowanalysis

- Gas potential analysis

Figure 1Correlation between suspended solids and chemical oxygen demand inthe feed stream of the wastewater treatment plant St. Sylvain.

AcknowledgmentsThe project “Sound Sludge” wasfunded within the framework ofthe Life Environment Program ofthe European Union.


Department

Smart Materials and SystemsDepartment head: Dr. Andreas Schönecker


Technologies- Powder technology, screen printing, casting

technologies- Piezoceramic multilayer technology, CSD, CVD,

PVD, CMP- Micromachining

Numerical tools- CAD: Solid Works, Autodesk Inventor- FEM: ANSYS, ATTILA, FlexPDE- Circuit simulation: PSPICE- System simulation: Matlab Simulink, SCILAB,

PSPICE

Hardware- Platforms: HC12, Power PC, MSP 430

Measurement technology- Piezo measurement technology, material para-

meters for high electric field strengths (to 100 kV), high and low temperatures (-190 °Cto 700 °C) as well as high and low frequencies(mHz to 12 GHz), laser interferometer (< 5 nm)

- Ultrasonic measurement technology, scanninglaser vibrometer

- One-wavelength multi-angle ellipsometer, spec-troscopic reflectrometer (300 mm mapping opti-on)

- Test stand for reliability and operational condi-tions

- Test stand for measuring of hardness


Realization of R&D projects for the developmentand application of dielectric advanced ceramics inthe form of raw materials, devices and integratedfunctional elements

- Studies and concept development- Materials and process development- Device development and integration, manufac-

turing of prototypes- Supply of key functional materials and compo-

nents

- Characterization of dielectric, piezoelectric andferroelectric functional properties

- Vibration and sound field measurements- Modeling and simulation to design systems for

sensors, actuators and ultrasonic transducers- Scientific tool building for special equipment

Dielectric Ceramics and Composites, Piezo-

ceramics, Actuator and Sensor Technology,

Smart Systems

Dr. Andreas Schönecker

[email protected]

Functional Layers for Microelectronics and

Wear Protection

Dr. Ingolf Endler

[email protected]


The Smart Materials and Systems department usesits extensive experience in science and engineeringto develop and integrate industry-relevant dielectricfunctional ceramics into devices, microsystems andactive structures. The department solves complex,interdisciplinary problems in optimization processescomprising the entire value chain from material syn-thesis to functional verification in prototypesystems.

Optimization occurs at various levels, includingincreasing functionality of individual materials, com-bining various material properties as composites,and adjusting components of the system environ-ment.

The department has special competence in thefield of complex perovskites which introduceactuating, sensing and electronic functions inmonolithic devices and material composites withpolymers, metals, glasses and other ceramics. Forthick film, multilayer and piezocomposite technolo-gies the complete technological development pro-cess is available. This expertise, combined with uni-que modeling and characterization tools, allows forinnovative developments in the field of piezo tech-nology, adaptronics / mechatronics, microsystemand microenergy technology. The department usesCVD, PVD and sol gel techniques as well as reactiveion etching for thin film preparation. On the basisof this technology portfolio, new material solutionsfor semi-conductor technology and wear protectionare developed.

Smart Materials and Systems


Motivation

Current trends in the field of piezoce-ramic materials are focused on thesearch for reproducible, lead-freecompounds which can substitute leadzirconate titanate materials (PZT) incommercial applications. Currently, both base systems ofpotassium sodium niobate and solidsolutions with barium titanate areconsidered as most promising candi-dates.The development of anisotropicmicrostructures proved to be a usefulapproach to improve the performanceof the ceramic materials. This can beachieved by combining conventionalceramic powder technology withmethods of texture formation. Withinthe framework of our work differentmethods of ceramic seed preparationwhich focus on the synthesis ofpromising, high-performance lead-free piezoceramics were studied.

Results

Texture formation of the ceramicmicrostructure is caused by templatedgrain growth. We used bismuth layerstructured oxides and perovskites asseed crystal, having an anisotropic,plate-like shape.

Size and morphology of the seeds canbe tailored by adjusting the followingparameters:

- Composition and quality of raw materials

- Used flux composition - Mass ratio of raw materials to flux - Relative mass ratio of the constitu-

ent flux phases - Material of crucible- Heating regime- Addition of seeds

The seed size can be adjusted to getplatelets with 5 to 50 μm in lateral

dimension and 1 to 2 μm in thickness. It could be shown that BaTiO3 andSrTiO3 seeds can be derived from dif-ferent bismuth layer compounds.Thus, it is possible to optimize theseed quality.


Technology development and produc-tion of seeds with tailored qualitieswithin the framework of contractresearch. Experience with the follow-ing seed compositions is available:

- Compounds with bismuth layerstructure

K4Nb6O17

Ba6Ti17O40

Bi2.5Na3.5Nb5O18

Bi4Ti3O12

Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15

SrBi4Ti4O15

BaBi4Ti4O15

- Compounds with perovskite structure

NaNbO3

KNbO3

SrTiO3

BaTiO3

Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3

K0.5Bi0.5TiO3

Seed preparation for lead-free piezoceramics

Dr. Falko Schlenkrich

Figure 1NaNbO3 seeds.

Figure 2Bi4Ti3O12 seeds.

10 μm

50 μm

AcknowledgmentsResearch is supported within the framework ofthe BMBF project RealMAK.


Motivation

New concepts of energy supply arerequired to power the recently devel-oped, decentralized, wireless con-nected network nodes, which areintroduced to provide special sensorand actuator function. Wiring andbatteries are not suitable in respect ofcomplexity, flexibility and lifetime.Additionally, the battery solution isnot maintenance-free and producestoxic waste. The technical progress inthe field of extremely low energyelectronics opens up the chance touse harvested energy from the envi-ronment.

Piezoelectric generators are appropri-ate to convert the smallest mechani-cal deformations directly into electri-cal energy. This solid state effect isfree of degradation in a wide opera-tion range. Therefore, a very high life-time and availability can be guaran-teed.

Piezoelectric materials and transduc-ers are available commercially. Thus,piezoelectric generators can be pro-duced cost-efficiently and in largequantities.

Our work aimed at the definition ofdesign guidelines describing thedevelopment of piezoelectric genera-tors with highest performance basedon the usable mechanical energy andthe electrical load.

Results

Our approach uses the optimizationof all individual system componentsunder the rule of maximum energyconversion and energy storage.As starting point, available piezoce-ramic materials were classified withrespect of specific performance crite-ria like the energy constant (Figure 1).The data compilation allows one to

evaluate commercial as well as newlead-free alternatives for applicationin generator devices.

Energy conversion can be improvedby optimizing the components designand manufacturing technology. Thelayer thickness, electrically active crosssections as well as orientation of loadtransmission are important perfor-mance indicators. The layer thicknessdetermines the maximum output volt-age and the output power at givenelectrical load (Figure 2).

By optimally designing piezoelectricgenerators additional dissipative gen-erator electronics for impedance mea-surements are not necessary. Theoverall efficiency increases. Energyand storage management requirespecific electronics to increase the sta-bility and reliability of power supply.In this respect, effective commercialsolution may be adopted from knownbattery powered electronics.

To describe and simulate piezoelectricgenerators the electro-mechanicalmodeling method of Lenk et al. issuitable. All physical correlations aretransformed into electrical networksand simulated in SPICE® software.The developers of autarkic, decentral-ized and wireless connected networknodes are able to analyze and opti-mize the entire system.


Design and manufacture of cus-tomized piezoelectric generatorsincluding mechanical interface, piezo-electric generator as well as energyand storage management.

Piezoelectric generators

Dipl.-Ing. Thomas Rödig

Figure 1Classification of commercially available materi-als and associated energy density constants.Known groups of standard materials aremarked.

Figure 2Output power of piezoelectric generator mate-rials depending on manufacturing technology(layer thickness).


Motivation

Electronic packaging technology hascontinuously to be adjusted to thechanging requirements. Continuousminiaturization results in smallerinterconnect materials. Consequentlythere is a need for new joining mate-rials showing better thermal and elec-trical properties.

Aligned carbon nanotubes (CNT) arepromising candidates for functionallayers because of their high thermaland electrical conductivity, highmechanical strength and superiorchemical resistivity. Fraunhofer IKTS isa one-stop-shop for aligned carbonnanotubes. We offer know-how insubstrate technology as well as inCNT synthesis by CVD tools (Figure1). Furthermore, analysis methodssuch as SEM, TEM, Raman spec-troscopy and AFM are available. Testand measurement structures consist-ing of aligned carbon nanotubes canalso be offered.

Results

Different catalyst layer systems on sili-con substrates were investigated forgrowing aligned carbon nanotubes.For this purpose conductive and non-conductive barrier layers such asAl2O3 and TiN were used. It wasproved that both barrier layers pre-vent the formation of silicides whichis still a limiting factor when usingmetallic layers as catalyst and elec-trode material.

The TiN layer serves as bottom elec-trode to measure the electrical con-ductivity. Titanium nitride allowsboth, current flow and heat trans-port. By using this setup the electricalbehavior of CNTs was analyzed byfour-point method. Carbon nanotubelayers show an Ohmic contact behav-ior. To verify the cooling effect of

aligned CNT different catalyst systemswere tested. A special set up wasdesigned to analyze the heat trans-port. Therefore, a heater and a ther-mistor were applied in thick-film tech-nology on an Al2O3 substrate. Thebest performance was achieved withcarbon nanotubes grown on the Fe-Al2O3-SiO2 layer system. As comparedto blank silicon wafers a temperaturedifference of 12 K was measured at aheating power of 7.7 W. Thisapproach can be used for chip cool-ing concepts of the future. Thedesign of the cooling element can betailored by lateral structuring of theCNT film (Figure 2).


- Manufacturing of aligned and non-aligned carbon nanotube layers ondefined substrates

- Preparation and development ofcatalysts suitable for carbon nanotube growth

- Characterization of carbon nanotube structures by SEM (Fig-ure 3) and spectroscopic analysis

- Preparation and development ofprototypes with nanotube struc-tures

Aligned carbon nanotubes for electronic packaging

Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Frank MeissnerDr. Ingolf Endler

Figure 1CVD system at IKTS cleanroom.

Figure 2Structured carbon nanotubes for heat trans-port.

Figure 3SEM micrograph of vertically aligned carbonnanotubes.

AcknowledgmentsThe presented work was funded by the GermanFederal Ministry of Education and Researchwithin the project “NAFU-AVT“. The fundingorganization, project initiator VDI/VDE/IT Berlinand project partner TU Dresden are gratefullyacknowledged for supporting this project.

2 μm


Motivation

Numerical simulation plays an impor-tant roll in designing piezoceramicproducts. For composite componentsconsisting of a passive material likealuminum and an active material likepiezoceramics, however, the couplingof two different physical descriptionsis absolutely necessary. At present, afew finite element programs offer thepossibility to describe the linear piezo-effect, but often important functionssuch as to simultaneously simulatethe non-linear polarization step aremissing. Modern electrode structures,in particular, have complex structuresso that the material cannot be polar-ized equally.

Results

Based on a viscoplastic model ofBelov&Krehler [1] a material modelwas developed which describes thenon-linear material behavior as afunction of temperature, mechanicalpressure and electric field strength.The model considers the change ofthe hysteresis loops at higher andlower temperatures as well as theinteraction between electric andmechanical field.

The investigations showed that thesimulated results fit very well with theexperimentally determined values(Figure 1). Developing the modelgreat importance was attached to theefficiency with regard to calculationtime and the easy maintenance of theconvergence. Here, the model differsvery much from other hysteresis mod-els requiring much finer time steps.An implementation in a finite elementprogram [2] of the Erlangen Universi-ty allows one to completely simulatepiezoceramic composites in the linearand non-linear range. The advantageof this model is that arbitrary FE netsof commercial programs such as

ANSYS may be read in, and the cou-pled non-linear material behaviorwithin the composite material may besimulated subsequently.


In combination with the expertise tosimulate and design the electricalactuation Fraunhofer IKTS has thecomplete know-how covering thesimulation, manufacturing and exper-imental validation to develop cus-tomized complex adaptive structures.

- Design and optimization of piezo-ceramic composites

- Studies and development of con-cepts for piezoceramic composites

- Linear and non-linear simulation ofpiezoceramic modules

- Design optimization consideringthe real operating conditions (tem-perature and mechanical pressure)

- Design of electrical actuation

Non-linear multi-field simulation to design piezoceramic components

Dipl.-Ing. Michael Nicolai

Figure 1Comparison of experimental and calculatedhysteresis loop.

Figure 2Simulation of electrode structures. Figure ashows the non-polarized ceramic componentshortly after applying the electric field. Figure bshows the completely polarized ceramic com-ponent. The non-polarized areas can be clearlydetected in the right section of the structure.

Literature[1] Belov, A.Yu. and Kreher, W.S., Micromecha-

nics of Ferroelectrics: From Domain Walls to Piezoceramic Devices, Ferroelectrics, 2007,volume 351, pages 79-87

[2] CF++, Uni-Erlangen, Lehrstuhl für Sensorik,Prof. Lerch

AcknowledgmentsThe work was funded within the framework ofthe DFG research program Transregio 39 PT-PIE-SA and conducted in collaboration with theChair of Sensor Technology LSE at ErlangenUniversity.

a

b


Department

Sintering / CharacterizationDepartment head: Dr. habil. Mathias Herrmann


Powder and suspension characterizationElectrokinetic and electro-acoustic measurementequipment, particle size analysis, BET measure-ment, mercury porosimetry

Thermal analysis / Thermal physics Measurements in the temperature range from -80 to 2400 °C with a highly clean, automatedlaboratory gas supply system: simultaneous TA-complexes with gas change analysis, high tempe-rature dilatometer, differential scanning calorime-ter, test stands for thermal conductivity

Heat treatment and sintering Laboratory and pilot plants (T ≤ 2400 °C; differentatmospheres), vacuum and gas furnaces, gas pres-sure sintering furnaces, hot isostatic press; hotpresses; SPS/FAST plant

Ceramography / Phase analysisStandard methods of ceramographic sample pre-paration and etching techniques, sample prepara-tion by ion beam techniques, FESEM with EDX,EBSD, AFM, XRD up to 1400 °C and reflectrometry

Mechanical testingMeasurements from room temperature to 1500 °C


Realization of R&D projects and individual ordersfor characterization of powder metallurgical andceramic materials as well as for heat treatment ofmaterials and components:

- Determination of thermoanalytical and thermo-physical parameters

- Investigation of sintering behavior of materialsand components

- Design, realization and optimization of heat tre-atment processes including an up-scaling toindustrial scales

- Characterization of particles and suspensions atmicro and nano-scale

- Characterization of materials and componentswith regard to microstructure, phases as well asmechanical and tribological properties

- Failure analysis of ceramic components andconsulting services with regard to application ofceramic materials

- Corrosion behavior of materials and compo-nents

- Thermodynamic modeling

Thermal Analysis and Thermal Physics

Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Jaenicke-Rößler

[email protected]

Heat Treatment

Dipl.-Ing. Gert Himpel

[email protected]

Ceramography / Phase Analysis

Dr. habil. Mathias Herrmann

[email protected]

Powder and Suspension Characterization

Dr. Annegret Potthoff

[email protected]


An extensive know-how in the field of sintering andanalysis of materials is concentrated within thisdepartment.

Complex thermal analyses, thermodynamic andkinetic modeling and extensive furnace technologyare combined to develop tailored materials, compo-nents and processes.

The laboratories for Thermal Analysis/Thermal Phy-sics as well as those for Powder and SuspensionCharacterization are accredited in accordance withDIN EN ISO/IEC 17025.

Available methods range from particle and suspen-sion characterization, through ceramographic sam-ple preparation by means of conventional and ion-beam based methods, to quantitative phase and

structural analysis. Furthermore, we offer a widerange of thermoanalytical and thermophysical cha-racterization methods as well as methods for tribo-logical and mechanical characterization.

The Sintering and Characterization department usesthese sophisticated analytical methods in combina-tion with detailed process and materials knowledgeto provide a fundamental interpretation of theresults.

Sintering / Characterization


Motivation

It is 15 years now that the laboratoryfor thermal analysis and thermalphysics at Fraunhofer IKTS has theexpertise to conduct examinationsaccording to DIN EN 45 001 or DINEN ISO/IEC 17025. The accreditationis based on three pillars:- Quality management system- Staff (qualification, expertise,

experience, further training)- Technical infrastructure (laboratory

and technical equipment)

Amongst others, work is focused onthe quality of test procedures as wellas calibration and test results, fromwhich one can derive the measure-ment uncertainty as most importantparameter. The measurement uncer-tainty is based on the “Guide to theExpression of Uncertainty in Measure-ment - GUM“ (cp. DIN V ENV 13005).As a rule, thermoanalytical or thermo-physical examinations are method-specific and material-specific singlemeasurements. In order to determinethe measurement uncertainty theevaluation method B described in theGUM is to be used which is substan-tially based on knowledge from inter-laboratory comparison.

Results

Within the last 10 years our laborato-ry has participated in 16 interlabora-tory comparisons which were orga-nized, for example, by PTB, NIST, GEFTA and the Thermophysics Work-ing Group within GEFTA. The investi-gations covered the complete rangeof accredited test methods.In the field of thermogravimetry interlaboratory tests were conductedon the decomposition of copperoxalate as well as pyrolysis of polycar-bonate and ethylene vinyl acetatewith subsequent burning of the crackproducts.

Further interlaboratory comparisonswere made referring to thermophysi-cal properties (thermal expansion,density, specific heat, thermal diffusiv-ity and thermal conductivity). Here,ceramics (sapphire, ZrO2 single crys-tals, SiC), glasses (silica glass, BK7),metals (Cu, Zn), alloys (steels, CuCrZr,CuSn, AlTi) and plastics (polystyrene,polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA])were focused. Such investigations arealso important in the field of solid-liq-uid transition of metals and alloys, asthese data are required for modelingand simulation tasks.Figures 2 and 3, for example, showthe results of interlaboratory tests onthe thermal diffusivity of PMMA andCuCrZr alloys. The measurements car-ried out at Fraunhofer IKTS fit verywell into the investigations. So, cus-tomers can be sure to get the “right“results.


- Thermoanalytical and thermophysi-cal investigations in an accreditedtest laboratory

- Method-specific and material-spe-cific interpretation of the results ofthermoanalytical and thermophysi-cal investigations

- Participation in and organization ofinterlaboratory comparisons

Further qualification of the laboratory for thermalanalysis and thermal physics: Participation in interlabo-ratory comparisonDipl.-Ing. Klaus Jaenicke-RösslerDr. Tim GestrichDr. Mathias Herrmann

Figure 2Interlaboratory comparison of the thermal dif-fusivity of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).

Figure 3Interlaboratory comparison of the thermal dif-fusivity of a CuCrZr alloy.

Figure 1Accreditation certificate.


Motivation

Inorganic non-metallic as well asmetallic and polymer materials havebeen densified by hot isostatic press-ing (HIP) in Dresden since 1989. Spe-cific expertise exists in the hipping ofceramics after they were shaped andthermally precompacted. Using thisthermal, high gas pressure processthe density, strength and wear resis-tance of ceramics, in particular, canbe increased. HIP is used to manufac-ture tools made of hard materials,nitride bearings or oxide/mixed oxidehuman implants. Moreover, it has agreat potential for the manufactureof ceramics for optical applications.So far, oxides, mixed oxides, nitridesand sulfides have been used showinga high optical transparency despitetheir polycrystalline structure if thefrequency and size of defects can bedrastically minimized by an optimizedtechnology, e.g. by hot isostatic press-ing.During the past years great progresshas been made in materials develop-ment by means of our existing presswith a usable space of 10 l, but thecomponents size was limited to adiameter of 150 mm and a length orheight of 300 mm.

Results

For the development of large-scalecomponents with excellent opticallight transmittance a larger hot isosta-tic press from the company EPSI NVwas installed at the Sintering/Charac-terization department of FraunhoferIKTS. The new press is equipped withthree CFC heating elements and hasa usable space of 32 l (300 mm indiameter, 450 mm in height). It canbe operated up to temperatures of2000 °C and pressures of 2000 barunder argon atmosphere. For longHIP cycles the press is equipped withtwo thermal control mechanisms.

With starting up the new press Fraun-hofer IKTS is able to provide a heattreatment capacity that is four timeshigher. The new press is primarilyused for manufacturing selected highpurity ceramics for optical applica-tions.


- Development of transparent oxideceramics

- Testing of properties and suitabilityof specific raw materials

- Manufacture of prototypes anddemonstrators

- Transmitting of manufacturingtechnologies and adjustment toexisting production processes

New hot isostatic press for the manufacture of ceramics for optical applications

Dipl.-Ing. Gert HimpelDr. Andreas Krell

Figure 1New hot isostatic press.Maximum parameters: 2000 °C, 2000 bar ArUsable space: V=32 l, 300 mm x 450 mm(diameter x height).

Figure 2Highly transparent disk made of mixed oxidesfor optical applications.


New analytical field emission scanning electronmicroscope with focused-ion beam technique

Dipl.-Ing. Sören HöhnDipl.-Ing. Kerstin Sempf

Motivation

The continuous further developmentof high-performance and compositeceramic materials requires not onlynew production methods, but alsonew characterization methods. Thetrend to finer structures in the submi-cron and nanometer range, in partic-ular, increases the requirements onthe qualitative and quantitativemicrostructural characterization. Bothnew preparation and analysis meth-ods are required.

In cooperation with the Chair of Inor-ganic-Nonmetallic Materials of theTechnical University of Dresden ananalytical field emission scanningelectron microscope with focused-ionbeam technique was purchased in2008 (Figure 1).

Technical options

The cross-beam system NVision 40(Carl Zeiss SMT AG) allows one to insitu observe the material removal inthe electron beam image. So, notonly a pinpoint preparation but alsothree-dimensional artefact-free failurediagnostics can be realized. Addition-ally, the system provides the possibili-ty to produce electron beam transpar-ent lamellas which can be analyzedwith TEM or directly in the deviceusing a STEM detector. Thus, it is pos-sible to produce high-resolutionimages of microstructures up to thenanometer range (Figure 2).Furthermore, the system is equippedwith newly developed detectors todetect secondary and backscatteredelectrons in optimal geometry. So,high-resolution images with a highmaterial contrast can be created forapplications in the low voltage rangefor non-conductive or poorly conduc-tive materials. Through energy filter-ing and simultaneous application ofdifferent detectors new options open

in the field of microstructural charac-terization of high-performance mate-rials. An energy dispersive X-ray spectrom-eter (EDX) and an electron back scat-ter diffraction system (EBSO) byOxford Instruments supplement thetechnical options. Hence, the chemi-cal and the phase composition as wellas the crystallographic orientation ofmicrostructural regions can be directlydetermined.


- High-resolution scanning electronmicroscopic microstructural docu-mentation (all types of materials)

- Analysis of composition and struc-ture

- Failure diagnostics in ceramicmaterials

- Qualitative and quantitativemicrostructural characterization

Figure 1 Scanning electron microscope NVision 40 withFIB technique (Carl Zeiss SMT AG).

Figure 2 Dark field STEM micrograph of a nano-crys-talline ZrO2 microstructure.

50 nm


New methods of energy dispersive thin layer analysis

Dipl.-Ing. Kerstin SempfDipl.-Ing. Sören Höhn

Motivation

In nanotechnology it is absolutelyimperative to get information aboutthin layers and their chemical compo-sition in very high lateral resolution.Thin layers having a thickness of lessthan 1 μm can be made from con-ductive or non-conductive materials,and are deposited on metal, ceramicor semiconductor substrates. It isquite difficult to characterize smallstructures (5-100 nm) and thicknesses(1-100 nm), especially if the layers arebased on light elements. As a result,specific analytical methods, such asenergy dispersive thin layer analysis,are necessary to meet these highrequirements.

In cooperation with Oxford Instru-ments thin layers and layer systems(Figure 1) were produced and mea-sured at Fraunhofer IKTS in order todevelop and test the Thin Film Tool,an analytical apparatus in theINCAEnergy EDX system.

Technical Options

The NVISION 40 (Carl Zeiss SMT AG)is characterized by a high electronbeam stability as well as a normal andhigh current mode resulting in EDXmeasurements with high intensitiesand measurement stability. Thismicroscope in combination with theINCAEnergy EDX system and an EDXSi(Li) detector, which has a activedetection area of 30 mm² and a reso-lution of 128 eV, allows elementanalyses with high sensitivity. Theseoutstanding technical conditions are

the basis to apply the Thin Film Toolin order to determine the layer thick-ness and to quantitatively analyzethin layers and layer systems. Theenergy dispersive thin layer analysishas significant advantages over othermethods as it is a non-destructive,fast measuring method that allowsone to quantitatively determine layerthickness and element compositionon structured surfaces. Using theanalysis tool it is possible to measurelayer thicknesses between 1 nm to2000 nm according to the layer prop-erties. A quantitative element analysison thin layers also can be made.

The measurements in the layer systemTiO2/ZrO2 on Si wafers as well as onmetallic single layers (Ta on Si wafer)show that measurements with EDXresult in a precise determination ofthin layers. Reference analyses onSTEM lamellas verify the measure-ment results, and thus emphasize thesuitability and capability of energydispersive thin layer analysis.


- Thin layer analysis on single andmultiple layers (maximum 7 layers)

- Quantitative element analysis ofsingle and multiple layers

- Qualitative and quantitative phaseanalysis of thin layers with XRD

Figure 1 STEM micrograph of the Si/TiO2/ZrO2 multilayersystem.

Figure 2 STEM micrograph of a Ta layer on a Si sub-strate.

Layer systems Thin film [nm] STEM thickness [nm]

layer 1 layer 2 layer 1 layer 2

Si/TiO2/ZrO2 9.9 ± 0.5 9.4 ± 0.6 9.2 9.8

Si/Ta 245.0 247.0

Cooperation partners

H 1 = 9.21 nm

H 2 = 9.77 nm

H 1 = 247.1 nm

Table 1 Results of thickness measurement.


Motivation

The preparation of a stable suspen-sion is the preliminary stage in mostof the ceramic shaping processes. Thecomponents quality strongly dependson the properties of the suspension.In order to adjust them to therequested specifications in processing,i.e. to prepare a preferably highlyconcentrated slip with low viscosity, itis necessary to know the interactionsbetween raw material, liquid andadditives within the slip. Possiblechanges of these interactions occur-ring during further processing have tobe detected and analyzed.

Results

At the example of the material systemboehmite it was investigated how thepowder can be electrostatically orelectrosterically stabilized in an aque-ous suspension for subsequent grind-ing in a laboratory ball mill. In addi-tion to electroacoustic measurementsof the surface charge (analysis of ESAsignal) viscosity measurements andadsorption analyses are of greatimportance to characterize the slipproperties (Figure 1).

Analyses of the influence of commer-cially available dispersants of differentchemical composition on the surfacecharge of the boehmite particlesshow very different effects. In Figure2 is clearly shown that dispersantsbased on polyacrylates are particularlysuited to stabilize the boehmite pow-der. Even the adsorption of smallamounts of the negatively chargedpolymer on the particle surface causeshigh negative ESA signals. The sliphas a low viscosity and a good flowa-bility that means optimal conditionsto grind the powder in a laboratoryball mill.

Apart from the addition of polymerdispersants resulting in an(electro)steric stabilization it is alsopossible to realize an absolutely elec-trostatic stabilizing effect by adjustingthe pH value of the slip. Examinationsof the aqueous boehmite suspensionas a function of the pH value show ahigh surface charge and low viscosityespecially in the acid pH range. Thus,grinding is also possible by addingorganic acids.

The described measurements showthat there are two possible ways togrind the analyzed boehmite powderin a laboratory ball mill. Based onthese laboratory examinations millingtests will follow (see p. 23).


- Complex characterization of pow-ders and suspensions in aqueousand organic media

- Analysis of structure and flowbehavior of low-viscosity andpaste-like slips

- Evaluation of the influence of sin-gle proteins and the serum on thestability of suspensions, e.g. in therun up to nano-toxicological analy-ses

Stabilization of suspensions by means of organicadditives

Dr. Annegret PotthoffDipl.-Chem. Anja Meyer

Figure 1Complex suspension characterization.

Figure 2Influence of different commercially availabledispersants on the surface charge of boehmitein 10 wt.-% suspension.

AcknowledgmentsThe BMBF as well as the project initiators aregratefully acknowledged for funding the“NanOnLine“ project (funding number02PU2370).

-4.0

-3.0

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2

wt.-% Dispersant

ESA

[mPa

*m/V

]

PAA 1 PAA 2 Disp. 1 Disp. 2

ESA signalsurface charge

Viscositysuspension structure

Analysis of adsorption

pH value / conductivity


Retrospective, events, exhibitions

Participation in trade shows

Cooperation in groups, alliances and networks


Colloquium and exhibition “Ceramics Vision 2008+“

Prof. Alexander Michaelis, head ofFraunhofer IKTS, and Prof. ChristosAneziris from the Department ofCeramics at TU Bergakademie Frei-berg organized the 6th colloquium ofthe successful symposium series “Vision Ceramics 2000+“ taking placeon January 17 and 18, 2008 at Fraun-hofer IKTS in Dresden. The collo-quium focused on “Ceramic techno-logies and products for energy andenvironmental technology“ and washeld in honor of Prof. Waldemar Her-mel on the occasion of his 70th birth-day. Prof. Waldemar Hermel led theFraunhofer IKTS through its founda-tion phase, and eventually becamethe first director of the institute(1992-2004).

Aside from current research results inthe field of fuel cells, photovoltaics,membrane technology, microsystemstechnology as well as nanotoxicology,visions for future research were dis-cussed.

During the evening reception onJanuary 17 the 160 participants,amongst them many former collea-gues and friends of Professor Walde-mar Hermel, met in the pleasantatmosphere of the pilot plants ofFraunhofer IKTS which also served asattractive exhibition area for compa-nies and research institutions.

Opening of the new test centerfor fuel cells

On February 19, 2008 the new testcenter for fuel cells was opened withmany guests from industry, scienceand politics at Fraunhofer IKTS.

The new test center became necessaryas the SOFC fuel cell technology wasdeveloped up to an impressive level offunctionality at Fraunhofer IKTS. Thus,very time-consuming and costly tests

under real conditions are requiredwhich will be carried out for several10,000 hours. The fuel cells can beoperated with real gases as well asspecial gases that may contain conta-minants, and be subject to many tem-perature cycles. These measurementscan be made for SOFC stacks as wellas for complete fuel cell systems usingthe complete range of fuels such asnatural gas, biogas or liquid biofuels.

Planning the test center great impor-tance was attached to a greatest pos-sible redundancy and reliability ofmedia supply and IT infrastructure.The test center can provide the levelof IP protection and confidentialitythat is required by industrial partnersand customers. Due to the availabilityof this comprehensive measurementtechnology the industry-orienteddevelopment at Fraunhofer IKTS waspushed forward. Furthermore, the test

Retrospective, events, exhibitions

January 17-18, 2008Colloquium and exhibition“Ceramics Vision 2008+“

February 19, 2008Opening of the new test center for fuelcells

March 13, 2008Expert workshop “Nanofair“

April 22, 2008Foundation of the “Expert Group on Cera-mic Injection Molding“

July 4, 2008Long Night of Sciences

September 19, 2008Prof.-Adalbert-Seifriz Award 2008

September 24, 2008Media tour “Saxony and the car of the future“

November 28, 2008Media tour “SolarValley Saxony“

New test center for fuel cells at FraunhoferIKTS.

Ceramics Vision 2008+

Colloquium and exhibition.


locations being driven by the area’sunparalleled density of renownedresearch institutions together withleading companies. On account ofthe extremely positive responseFraunhofer will organize the work-shop again in 2009.

Junior Doctor 2008

Having a doctorate before leavingschool? The event “Junior Doctor“was initiated within the framework of“Dresden – City of Science 2006"and has become very popular.

400 students of all grades are invitedto visit different institutions workingin the field of science, medicine, eco-nomy and art, and demonstrate theirnewly acquired knowledge.

In March 2008 Fraunhofer IKTS invi-ted 30 students to visit CeramicsMeeting Point and to get to knowinteresting facts about advancedceramics.

Due to the very positive responseFraunhofer IKTS will once again parti-cipate in the activities this year.

Foundation of the “Expert Groupon Ceramic Injection Molding“

On April 22, 2008 the Expert Groupon Ceramic Injection Molding wasfounded in Hannover. It is a technicalworking group supported by the Ger-man Ceramic Society (DKG) and con-sists of industrial companies andresearch institutes which apply cera-mic injection molding and cover the

center helps to strengthen the econo-mic region of Dresden as one of theleading regions for ceramic fuel cellsin Europe.

The test center is also available forpartners and customers from industryand science.

Expert workshop “Nanofair“

Under the slogan “New Ideas forIndustry“ experts from research andindustry met at “Nanofair 2008" inMarch in Dresden. The “Nanofair“ isEurope’s most important trade showand conference in the field of nano-technology. For the first time the par-ticipants had the possibility to attenda one-day expert workshop followingthe “Nanofair“ which was organizedby the three Dresden Fraunhofer Insti-tutes IPMS, IWS and IKTS.

50 international participants informedin three parallel sessions on innova-tive technologies, products andpotentials in the field of energy-saving organic thin film systems,coating and plasma methods for pho-tovoltaics, fuel cell technologies aswell as sintering and characterizationmethods.

The good attendance emphasizedthat Dresden is one of Europe’s mostimportant and dynamic nanotech

Participants of the expert workshop “Sinteringand characterization of nanomaterials“ withinthe framework of “Nanofair“.

in-house process chain injection mol-ding, binder removal and sintering.Fraunhofer IKTS is one of the foun-der members.

Ceramic injection molding (CIM) pro-vides various possibilities for desig-ning sustainable products and systemsolutions. It combines the almostunlimited possibilities of plastic mol-ding with the excellent properties ofceramic materials. The expert grouphas the objective to further developthis innovative process chain. Itsmembers and the DKG contribute tocreate a common brand of ceramicinjection molding in Germany andEurope, and to develop a strong posi-tion in global competition withregard to materials, technologies andmarkets.

Long Night of Sciences

On July 4, 2008 the Fraunhofer Insti-tute Center Dresden opened its doorsfor the fifth time for science fans ofall ages to explore, experience, andfeel technology.

Advanced ceramics are fascinatinghigh-tech materials with numerousapplications in industry, household,medicine, environment or sports. Thevisitors cooked on energy-savingceramic cooktops, tested ceramic knives and produced precious mag-net caps by injection molding.

Members of the newly founded Expert Groupon Ceramic Injection Molding.

Furthermore, the visitors had theopportunity to play boules with cera-mic balls or to play golf with ceramicclubs. Those who lost their breathcould test their lung function bymeans of a ceramic pressure sensor.

Visitors got also information andinteresting facts about waste watertreatment plants and microorganismswhich clean our waste water andcould be observed under the micros-cope.

The institute center was also visitedby many young people. They couldmake their own flowers out of cera-


mic foams or gold-plate their 5-centpieces using an old alchemist trick.

Prof.-Adalbert-Seifriz Award 2008

In September 2008, Dr. ViktarSauchuk and Dr. Klaus Eichler fromFraunhofer IKTS were awarded the“Prof.-Adalbert-Seifriz Award 2008"for the development of a new gaschromatographic detector based onthermal-catalytic surface ionizationwhich was realized in collaborationwith the companies meta Messtech-nische Systeme GmbH Dresden andJüke Systemtechnik GmbH Altenber-ge.

The newly developed detector is usedin analytical chemistry to selectivelydetect hazardous substances such ashalogenated hydrocarbons in traceconcentrations. An advanced ceramiccomponent with an integrated hea-ter which acts as catalytically activemedium is the core of the detector.

Through this technological concept itwas possible to realize a detectorwhich is a radioactive-free alternativefor conventional electron capturedetectors.

The new ceramic detector is charac-terized by its extremely high sensitivi-ty and selectivity. The present detecti-on limit for chlorinated hydrocarbons

is <10-9 mg at an operating tempera-ture of 700 ºC. The high reproducibi-lity of data and the long-term stabili-ty as well as the cost-efficient manu-facturing and simple handling arefurther advantages of the prize-win-ning detector. Moreover, this gaschromatographic detector is compati-ble with different types of gas chro-matographic devices by means ofwhich more flexible analytic tests canbe performed.

Media tour “Saxony and the carof the future“

Saxony’s automobile industry haslong been established and particular-ly sets standards in the field of alter-native drive technology and light-weight construction. All the morereason to invite the trade press to getto know the competencies of the

The young visitors, in particular, were fascina-ted by the offered experiments during the LongNight of Sciences.

All booths of Fraunhofer IKTS were crowdedduring the Long Night of Sciences.

Fraunhofer researchers are awarded the Prof.-Adalbert-Seifriz Award 2008 for the develop-ment of a new gas chromatographic detector.

More than 4000 people visited the FraunhoferInstitute Center Dresden during the Long Nightof Sciences.

Visit of Thomas Jurk, Saxon State Minister ofEconomy and Labor, on the occasion of themedia tour “Saxony and the car of the future“.


Saxon suppliers as well as researchinstitutes. About 25 journalistsaccepted the invitation and took partin the media tour organized by theSaxon State Ministry of Economy andLabor in collaboration with the Saxo-ny Automotive Supplier Network(AMZ).

In the newly opened fuel cell testcenter at Fraunhofer IKTS the Dres-den institute and the Fuel Cell Initiati-ve Saxony presented their develop-ments. The participants informedabout the latest developments in thefield of fuel cells, piezo-injectors forclean and efficient diesel and petrolengines as well as innovative dieselparticulate filters for off-road andheavy-duty applications. The journa-lists’ reaction was very positive whichwas reflected by many articles in theregional and national press.

Media tour “SolarValley Saxony“

In November 2008, Fraunhofer IKTSparticipated in a media tour focusingthe topic “SolarValley Saxony“ whichwas organized by the Saxon StateMinistry of Economy and Labor. About 25 journalists from Germany

and abroad got to know the Saxonsolar companies. Furthermore, theywere informed at the end of theirtour how research contributes tomake the production of solar cellsmore effective, cost-efficient, andenvironmentally friendly. This media tour was also very suc-cessful and was positively reflected inthe media.

During the product presentation the Fraunho-fer staff answered the numerous questions ofthe journalists.

At IKTS the journalists informed on the latestdevelopment concepts for solar cells.

Test stand to create a photoactive layer on aglass substrate in a glove box.


NanotechTokyo, February 13-15, 2008Joint stand of Fraunhofer-GesellschaftJoint stand of Saxony Economic Deve-lopment Corporation

Z – Die ZulieferermesseLeipzig, February 26-29, 2008Joint stand of Materials Research Net-work Dresden

Hannover-MesseHanover, April 21-25, 2008- Joint stand of TASK GmbH / Fraun-

hofer High-Performance CeramicsAlliance

- Joint stand of Fraunhofer Adaptro-nics Alliance

- Joint stand of Fraunhofer EnergyAlliance

- Joint stand of Saxony “Researchfor the future“

IFAT 2008Munich, May 5-9, 2008Joint stand of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft

Sensor + TestNuremberg, May 6-8, 2008Joint stand of Saxony “Research forthe future“

Actuator 2008Bremen, May 9-11, 2008Joint stand of Fraunhofer AdaptronicsAlliance

SMT/HYBRID/PACKAGING 2008Nuremberg, June 3-5, 2008Joint stand of VDI/VDE

POWTECH 2008Nuremberg, September 30 - October 2, 2008Joint stand of “Competence CenterPowder Technology"/ PA Partikel-Analytik-Messgeräte GmbH

BiotechnicaHanover, October 7-9, 2008Joint stand of Saxony “Research forthe future“

IMAPS 2008Rhode Island, USA, November 2-6, 2008

ElectronicaMunich, November 13-16, 2008Joint stand of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft

EuromoldFrankfurt a.M., December 3-6, 2008Joint stand of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft


IFAT 2008Joint stand of Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft.

POWTECH 2008Joint stand of the “Competence CenterPowder Technology“.

Hannover-Messe 2008Joint stand of TASK GmbH/Fraunhofer High-Performance Ceramics Alliance.


Cooperation in groups, alliances and networks

Fraunhofer Group for Materials and Components

Ceramics Meeting Point in Dresden

Fraunhofer High-Performance CeramicsAlliance

Fraunhofer Demonstration Center “AdvanCer“

Fraunhofer Adaptronics Alliance

Fraunhofer Energy Alliance

Fraunhofer Nanotechnology Alliance

Fraunhofer Numerical Simulation of Products, Processes Alliance

Fraunhofer Rapid Prototyping Alliance

Fraunhofer Water Systems Alliance (SysWasser)

Fraunhofer Sensor Network

Association of Electrochemical ResearchInstitutes e.V. (AGEF)

Fuel Cell Initiative Saxony e.V.

DECHEMA - Society for Chemical Enginee-ring and Biotechnology e.V.

German Ceramic Society e.V. (DKG)

German Society for Materials Research e.V.(DGM)

European Research Association for SheetMetal Working e.V. (EFB)

European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA)

Expert Group on Ceramic Injection Molding(Working Group in the German CeramicSociety e.V. )

Research Association on Welding andAllied Processes of the German WeldingSociety (DVS)

Research Association for Diesel EmissionControl Technologies e.V. (FAD)

Society for Knowledge and TechnologyTransfer of TU Dresden mbH

Association of Thermal Spraying e.V. (GTS)

“TransNanoPowder“ Information and Consulting Center

Materials Research Network Dresden e.V.(MFD)

Meeting of Refractory Experts Freiberg e.V.(MORE)

NanoMat - Supraregional Network forMaterials Used in Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology Center of Excellence for “Ultrathin Functional Layers“

BioMeT Dresden Network

Silicon Saxony

Scientists at IKTS Dresden are active innumerous thematically orientedgroups, networks and associations. Our customers benefit from this byhaving a coordinated range of jointservices available to them.

Membership in Fraunhofergroups, alliances, networks anddemonstration centers


Fraunhofer Group for Materialsand Components

The Fraunhofer Group for Materialsand Components brings together theexpertise of the Fraunhofer Institutesthat specialize in materials scienceand related disciplines. The Fraunho-fer Institute for Industrial Mathema-tics ITWM is a permanent associatedmember.

Materials research at the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft covers the entire valuechain, from the development of newmaterials and enhancement of exi-sting materials, through manufactu-ring technology on a semi-industrialscale and the characterization ofmaterial properties, through to stu-dies of their behavior when employedin components and systems. Thisresearch also extends to the compo-nents produced from such materialsand their behavior when employed insystems. In all these areas, empiricaltests in laboratories and pilot plantsare routinely backed up by numericalsimulation and modeling techniques.The work of the Fraunhofer Groupfor Materials and Components coversthe full range of metallic and inorga-nic non-metallic materials, polymersand materials created from renewableresources.

The group invests its expertise prima-rily in areas of importance to the

national economy such as energy,health, mobility, information andcommunication technology, buildingconstruction and the home environ-ment, with the aim of producingsystem innovations by developingmaterials and components tailored tospecific applications.

Among the medium-term goals ofthe group are to

- Increase safety and comfort andcut down the consumption ofresources in the areas of trafficengineering, mechanical enginee-ring and plant construction

- Enhance the efficiency of energytransformation and energy storagesystems

- Improve the biocompatibility andfunctions of materials employed inmedical devices and biotechnologyprocesses

- Raise the packing density andimprove the performance characte-ristics of components used inmicroelectronics and microsystemsengineering

- Improve the resource use as well asthe quality of the products madeof those resources

The group comprises the FraunhoferInstitutes for

- Applied Polymer Research IAP- Building Physics IBP- Ceramic Technologies and Systems

IKTS- Chemical Technology ICT- High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-

Institut, EMI- Industrial Mathematics ITWM

(associated member)- Manufacturing Engineering and

Applied Materials Research IFAM

- Mechanics of Materials IWM- Non-Destructive Testing IZFP- Silicate Research ISC- Solar Energy Systems ISE- Structural Durability and System

Reliability LBF- Systems and Innovation Research

ISI- Wood Research, Wilhelm-Klauditz-

Institut, WKI

Chairman of the group

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Holger HanselkaFraunhofer LBFPhone +49 6151 705-221

Deputy chairman

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Peter ElsnerFraunhofer ICT Phone +49 721 4640-401

Central office

Dr. phil. nat. Ursula Eul Fraunhofer LBFBartningstrasse 47 64289 DarmstadtPhone +49 6151 [email protected]

www.werkstoffe-bauteile.de


Ceramics Meeting Point in Dresden

Due to the cooperation of FraunhoferIKTS, TASK GmbH and its variousmembers, the Ceramics MeetingPoint could be further established asan inherent part of the technologytransfer landscape in Dresden. Thenumber of members has increased to27, and thus reached a new record.Meanwhile, almost all partners areinvolved in cooperation projects orcontract research at Fraunhofer IKTS.TASK GmbH supports the FraunhoferDemonstration Center “AdvanCer“ inconducting its workshops and trai-ning courses by providing the requi-red practice-relevant and marketinformation. Close collaboration bet-ween the researchers of the Fraunho-fer Demonstration Center “Advan-Cer“ and the ceramic manufacturershas enabled users to quickly realizetheir ideas. Thus, a project forum forsmall and medium sized companieshas developed facilitating contacts toproject initiators and research institu-tes.

Ceramics Meeting Point benefits fromthe comprehensive presentation ofindustry and research innovations.Within the framework of the perma-nent exhibition in Dresden one canfind complex-shaped injection-mol-ded components, new fiber composi-te structures as well as extremely heatconducting aluminum nitrides for

high-performance electronic applicati-ons.

By visiting Ceramics Meeting Pointwithin the framework of numerousevents taking place at FraunhoferIKTS more than 2000 visitors couldinform about ceramic product innova-tions and manufacturers in 2008. Thisinterest correlates with the profitsituation of the ceramic industrywhich is still good in 2008.

Due to the cooperation in the techni-cal advisory board of Hannover Messeand Ceramitec the importance ofCeramics Meeting Point is strengthe-ned once more. Up to 40 partnersparticipate in external presentationsat industry trade shows. CeramicsMeeting Point is increasingly used bysuppliers and plant engineers to getin contact with ceramic manufactu-rers. Thus, Fraunhofer IKTS gets aninsight into latest instrument enginee-ring and development trends in thefield of advanced ceramics. Work alsoconcentrates on the new topic “Cera-mic components for ceramic indus-try“ which is to be strengthened atCeramitec 2009.

In collaboration with “AdvanCer“many international contacts for tech-nology transfer were establishedwhich are to be further intensifiedwithin the framework of presenta-tions with research institutions andtechnology centers.


The Fraunhofer High-PerformanceCeramics Alliance

Systems development with high-performance ceramics

High-performance ceramics are beingused to make components for bothpreviously existing and new systemsand equipment.

Current examples from the fields ofenergy technology, mechanical andplant engineering and medical tech-nology, including combustion-cham-ber linings, roller bearings andimplants, bear witness to the greatpotential of these materials. Thisinnovative area has become an estab-lished field of expertise of the Fraun-hofer-Gesellschaft and is currentlybeing extended so that new marketscan be reached. Keys to achieving thisare a systematic approach and inter-disciplinary thinking, which representboth a great challenge and a hugeopportunity.

Seven Fraunhofer Institutes havejoined together to form the Fraun-hofer High-Performance CeramicsAlliance. The research activities of thealliance extend along the entire value-added chain − from modeling andsimulation through application-ori-ented materials development andproduction and machining of ceramicparts to component characterization,evaluation and nondestructive testingunder application conditions.

Current R&D activities focus on join-ing and integration methods.

In the Fraunhofer DemonstrationCenter “Advancer“ the alliance’sinstitutes expanded their presenta-tion, training and consulting offeringsin the field of high-performanceceramics. Using demonstration sys-tems the added-value chain from

powder to component as well as theimplementation of knowledge,research and development in theform of products and improved quali-ty of life are shown. The FraunhoferDemonstration Center “AdvanCer“supports small and medium-sizedcompanies in solving complex tasksranging from prototype developmentto technology transfer.

For five years now, the FraunhoferDemonstration Center “AdvanCer“has been offering training courses fortechnicians and engineers. The threeparts being offered follow one afteranother, but can also be held as sin-gle courses. The topics are:

- Introduction into ceramics: manu-facturing technologies, properties, applications“

- Machining of ceramics

- System integration, quality assu-rance, materials testing

Additionally, “AdvanCer“ providestraining courses and workshops onspecific topics like e.g. powder injec-tion molding or X-ray computedtomography.

Through the “AdvanCer“ newsletter,the Fraunhofer Demonstration Centerregularly informs about new develop-ments related to the topic of high-performance ceramics.

“AdvanCer“

“CerCut“ is one of six projects within the Fraun-hofer Demonstration Center “AdvanCer“ thathave already been completed. The prototypetool will now be qualified further with industrialpartners.


Steering committee

Prof. Dr. Alexander Michaelis Fraunhofer IKTS DresdenSpokesperson of the alliance

Prof. Dr. Peter Gumbsch Fraunhofer IWM Freiburg

Prof. Dr. Fritz Klocke Fraunhofer IPT Aachen

Office leader

Dr. Reinhard LenkFraunhofer IKTSWinterbergstrasse 2801277 Dresden

Phone +49 351 2553-539Fax +49 351 [email protected]

www.hochleistungskeramik.fraunhofer.de

www.advanced-ceramics.fraunhofer.com

Service offerings

- Consulting and execution offeasibility studies

- Method and technology develop-ment

- Prototype development, technolo-gy transfer

- Completion of contract research,conceptualization and execution ofalliance projects

- Workshops, seminars, training programs

Institutes

Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, IKTS Dresden www.ikts.fraunhofer.de

Fraunhofer Institute for ProductionSystems and Design Technology, IPK Berlinwww.ipk.fraunhofer.de

Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, IPT Aachenwww.ipt.fraunhofer.de

Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, ISC Würzburgwww.isc.fraunhofer.de

Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics ofMaterials, IWM Freiburgwww.iwm.fraunhofer.de

Fraunhofer Institute for Non-Destruc-tive Testing, IZFP Saarbrückenwww.izfp.fraunhofer.de

Fraunhofer Institute for StructuralDurability and System Reliability, LBF Darmstadtwww.lbf.fraunhofer.de

Fields of cooperation

- Materials development: structural ceramics, functionalceramics, fiber-reinforced ceramics,cermets, ceramic composites,adaptive composite materials

- Component design and develop-ment of functional prototypes

- Systems integration and verificationof batch-production capabilities

- Development of powder, fiber and coating technologies

- Shaping, thermal treatment, green machining and finishing

- Rapid prototyping and rapid tooling

- Materials, component and process simulation

- Materials and component testing, proof-testing and nondestructivetesting

- Defect analysis, failure analysis,quality management

“CerMo“ is one of six projects within the Fraun-hofer Demonstration Center “AdvanCer“ thathave already been completed. Precision glass mol-ding with ceramic dies has considerable advanta-ges for series production of highly precise andcomplex glass lenses.

Microreaction platform with ceramic compo-nents, developed in the Fraunhofer project“FAMOS“.


Names, dates, events


Granted patents 2008

Berger, L.-M.; Thiele, S.; Nebelung, M.Coating powder of Cr or V doped titaniumsuboxidesUS 7445763

Fritsch, M.; Klemm, H.Verfahren zum Schutz vor Heißgaskorrosi-on von keramischen Oberflächen odereines Körpers, HochtemperaturbeständigeKörper und deren VerwendungDE 10 2006 030 235

Ihle, J.; Adler, J.Hochfeste Flächengebilde für endballisti-schen Schutz und Verschleißschutz undVerfahren zu ihrer HerstellungEP 1 606 572

Klimke, J.Formkörper, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellungund VerwendungDE 103 59 135

Martin, H.-P.; Adler, J.Strukturierte Siliciumcarbidpartikel, Ver-fahren zu ihrer Herstellung und Verwen-dungDE 101 43 685

Moritz, T.; Petasch, U.Verfahren zur Herstellung keramischerFormkörper mit sprunghaften Strukturgra-dientenDE 103 13 847

Partsch, U.Keramische Drucksensoren und Verfahrenzu ihrer HerstellungDE 10 2006 018 049

Partsch, U.; Neupert, H.Sensor zur Ermittlung der elektrischen Leit-fähigkeit flüssiger Medien und ein Verfah-ren zu seiner HerstellungDE 10 2006 025 098

Siegel, S.; Boden, G.; Petasch, U.; Thole, V.;Weiß, R.; Scheibel, T.; Henrich, M.; Ebert, M.;Kühn, M.; Lauer, A.; Nauditt, G.Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kohlen-stoff- bzw. KeramikbauteilsEP 1 453 773

Patent applications 2008

Adler, J.; Beckert, W.Plattenförmiger keramischer Wärmestrahl-körper eines Infrarot-FlächenstrahlersDE 10 2008 000 010

Böttge, D.; Adler, J.; Standke, G.Zellulärer Werkstoff für Hochtemperatur-anwendungen und Verfahren zu seiner

HerstellungDE 10 2008 061 644

Standke, G.; Adler, J.; Böttge, D.Offenzellige Keramik- und/oder Metall-schäume mit rauer umhüllender Oberflä-che und Verfahren zu Ihrer HerstellungDE 10 2008 054 596

Brückner, B.; Schönecker, A.Elektrischer GeneratorDE 10 2008 006 691

Endler, I.; Höhn, M.Hartstoffbeschichtete Körper und Verfah-ren zu deren HerstellungPCT/EP2008/063583

Faßauer, B.; Eichstätter, R.; Maas, R.; Friedrich, H.Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behand-lung biogener Stoffe zur Erzeugung vonBiogasDE 10 2008 042 461

Friedrich, H.; Friedrich, E.; Faßauer, B.; Jobst, K.;Michaelis, A.Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Verbesse-rung der Desintegration von thixotropenSuspensionen mittels UltraschallPCT/EP/2008/063073

Friedrich, H.; Friedrich, E.; Jobst, K.; Schwarz,B.; Michaelis, A.Filtermedium und Verfahren zur feststoff-freien Prozesswassergewinnung aus Gär-restenDE 10 2008 054 584

Herrmann, M.; Martin, H.-P.Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilenmit einer Verschleißschutzbeschichtung,ein so hergestelltes Bauteil sowie dessenVerwendungPCT/DE/2008/002121

Krell, A.; Klimke, J.; Clauß, W.Herstellen eines hochbrechenden, transmit-terenden optischen Elements für dieMikrolithografieDE 10 2008 034 191

Kusnezoff, M.; Beckert, W.; Milcheva, I.; Stelter,M.; Waeschke, U.Method and system of operating a hightemperature fuel cellJP 2008-550635

Kusnezoff, M.; Sauchuk, V.; Trofimenko, N.Werkstoff für Schutzschichten auf hoch-temperaturbelastbaren, chromoxidbilden-den Substraten, ein Verfahren zu seinerHerstellung sowie VerwendungPCT/DE2008/000685

Granted patents

Patent applications

Books and periodical contributions

Presentations and posters

Teaching activities of IKTS employees

Participation on bodies / Technical committees

Technical committees at symposia andmeetings

Dissertations, diploma theses


Kusnezoff, M.; Schilm, J.Zusammensetzung mit pastöser Konsistenzfür die Ausbildung elektrischer Kontakteauf einem Silicium-Solarwafer und damithergestellter KontaktDE 10 2008 032 784

Kusnezoff, M.; Ziesche, S.; Paepke, A.Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Diffusions-und/oder Austauschkoeffizienten einesWerkstoffesPCT/DE2008/001283

Mannschatz, A.; Moritz, T.; Tontrup, C.Keramischer Sinterkörper mit einstellbarerSchwindungDE 10 2008 013471

Martin, H.-P.; Richter, H.-J.; Dahms, S.Diffusionsgefügtes keramisches Bauteilund Verfahren zu seiner HerstellungPCT/EP2008/0588878

Moritz, T.Leichtgewichtiger Grün- und Formkörperaus einem keramischen und/oder pulver-metallurgischen Material und Verfahren zuseiner HerstellungDE 10 2008 000 100

Partsch, U.; Kretzschmar, C.; Günther, H.; Sommer, S.Elektrische VerbindungDE 10 2008 015 376

Partsch, U.; Kretzschmar, C.; Günther, H.; Sommer, S.Anschlussstift und elektrischer AnschlussDE 10 2008 015 378

Scheithauer, U.; Schönecker, A.; Seffner, L.;Gebhardt, S.; Michaelis, A.Verfahren zur reproduzierbaren Herstel-lung keramischer FormkörperDE 10 2008 056 721

Schönecker, A.; Gebhardt, S.; Partsch, U.Aktorisch wirksames und/oder sensitivesElement, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellungsowie seiner VerwendungPCT/DE2008/001698

Schönecker, A.; Schenk, H.-D.Magnetspule zur Generierung magneti-scher Wechselfelder mit geringem Blindwi-derstand in Planardesign, herstellbar durchAnwendung von Verfahren der Schicht-technologie sowie als Magnetfeldquelle,Strom- und Spannungswandler, Überträgeroder TransformatorDE 10 2008 017 762

Schroth, S.; Michaelis, A.; Schneider, M.Verfahren zur Ausbildung einer dielektri-schen Dünnschicht auf einem Titansubstrat,

mit dem Verfahren hergestelltes Titansub-strat sowie seine VerwendungPCT/DE2008/000944

Schwarz, B.; Faßauer, B.; Friedrich, E.; Friedrich,H.; Michaelis, A.Verfahren zur Vergärung silierter nach-wachsender RohstoffePCT/EP2008/053425

Schwarz, B.; Faßauer, B.; Friedrich, E.; Friedrich,H.; Michaelis, A.Verfahren zur Konversion von Biomasse zuBiogas in anaeroben FermenternPCT/EP2008/059677

Siegel, S.; Weiß, R.; Lauer, A.; Nauditt, G.Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Keramik-bauteilesDE 10 2008 037 591

Trofimenko, N.; Mosch, S.; Sauchuk, V.; Lucke,K.; Kusnezoff, M.Funktionsschicht für Hochtemperatur-brennstoffzellen und Verfahren zur Her-stellungPCT/DE2008/001860

Books and periodical contributions

Andrews, A.; Herrmann, M.; Shabalala, T.C.;Sigalas, I.Liquid phase assisted hot pressing of boronsuboxide-materialsJournal of the European Ceramic Society28(2008), Nr.8, 1613-1621

Baumann, A.; Brieseck, M.; Höhn, S.; Moritz, T.;Lenk, R.Developments in multi-component powderinjection moulding of steel-ceramic com-pounds using green tapes for inmouldlabel processPIM International 2(2008), Nr.1, S.55-58

Berger, L.-M.; Saaro, S.; Naumann, T.; Wiener, M.;Weihnacht, V.; Thiele, S.; Suchanek, J.Microstructure and properties of HVOF-sprayed chromium alloyed WC-Co and WC-Ni coatingsSurface and coatings technology 202(2008),Nr.18, S.4417-4421

Fritsch, M.Heißgaskorrosion keramischer WerkstoffeStuttgart: Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 2008(Kompetenzen in Keramik. Schriftenreihe 2).Zugl.: Dresden, Univ., Diss., 2007ISBN 978-3-8167-7588-1

Fritsch, M.; Klemm, H.The water vapor hot gas corrosion of MGCmaterials with Al2O3 as a phase constituentin a combustion atmosphereJournal of the European Ceramic Society

28(2008), Nr.12, S.2353-2358

Friedrich, H.; Friedrich, E.Schwarze Zahlen bei der BiogasgewinnungBiogas Journal 11(2008)

Heddrich, M.-P.; Jahn, M.; Marschallek, F.;Näke, R.; Stelter, M.:Entwicklung, Aufbau und Betrieb einesBrennstoffzellensystems für BiogasChemie-Ingenieur-Technik 80(2008), Nr.9, S.1370

Herrmann, M.; Schulz, I.; Bales, A.; Sempf, K.; Hoehn, S.»Snow flake« structures in silicon nitrideceramics - Reasons for large scale opticalinhomogeneitiesJournal of the European Ceramic Society28(2008), Nr.5, S.1049-1056

Höhn, S.; Obenaus, P.; Hohlfeld, J.; Lies, C.Ionenstrahlpräparation – ein trefflichesWerkzeug zur Charakterisierung der Zwi-schenprodukte des schmelzpulvermetallur-gischen AluminiumschäumverfahrensPraktische Metallographie 45(2008), Nr.3,S.122-135

Kleebe, H.J.; Lauterbach, S.; Shabalala, T.C.;Herrmann, M.; Sigalas, I.B6O: A correlation between mechanicalproperties and microstructure evolutionupon Al2O3 addition during hot pressingJournal of the American Ceramic Society91(2008), Nr.2, S.569-575

Kockrick, E.; Krawiec, P.; Petasch, U.; Martin, H.-P.; Herrmann, M.; Kaskel, S.Porous CeOX/SiC nanocomposites preparedfrom reverse polycarbosilane-based micro-emulsionsChemistry of Materials 20(2008), Nr.1, S.77-83

Lenk, R.; Schwarz, K.; Freund, S.AdvanCer Newsletter. Ausgabe 2008/1-3Dresden: Fraunhofer IKTS, 2008

Maas, R.; Schumann, R.; Friedrich, E.;Friedrich, H.Prozessabwässer aus BiogasanlagenDynamische Cross-Flow-Filtration von Pro-zessabwasser aus Gärresten von landwirt-schaftlichen Biogasanlagenwwt wasserwirtschaft wassertechnik (2008),Nr. 11/12, S.24-27

Marschallek, F.; Adler, J.; Belitz, R.; Böttge, D.;Heddrich, M.; Jahn, M.Mehrstofffähige Brenner für den Einsatz inBrennstoffzellensystemenChemie-Ingenieur-Technik 80(2008), Nr.9,S.1266

Martin, H.-P.; Standke, G.; Adler, J.A new oxidation protection strategy for


silicon carbide foamsAdvanced engineering materials 10(2008),Nr.3, S.227-234

Matizamhuka, W.R.; Sigalas, I.; Herrmann, M.Synthesis, sintering and characterisation ofTaON materialsCeramics international: CI 34(2008), Nr.6,S.1481-1486

Michaelis, A.Valve metal, Si and ceramic oxides as die-lectric films for passive and active electronicdevicesAlkire, R.C.; Electrochemical Surface Modificati-on: Thin Films, Functionalization and Characte-rization Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2008, S.1-106(Advances in Electrochemical Science and Engi-neering 10)

Mlungwane, K.; Herrmann, M.; Sigalas, I.The low-pressure infiltration of diamondby silicon to form diamond-silicon carbidecompositesJournal of the European Ceramic Society28(2008), Nr.1, S.321-326

Momber, A.W.; Plagemann, P.; Stenzel, V.;Schneider, M.Investigating corrosion protection of off-shore wind towers. Part 1: Background andtest programJournal of protective coatings & linings25(2008), Nr.4, S.30-43

Moritz, T.Two-component CIM parts for the automo-tive and railway sectorsPIM International 2(2008), Nr. 4, S. 38-39

Mosch, S.; Trofimenko, N.; Kusnezoff, M.; Betz, T.; Kellner, M.Performance and stability of SOFC anodeprepared by co-precipitationSolid State Ionics 179(2008), Nr.27-32, S.1606-1610

Potthoff, A.; Nebelung, M.; Bräunig, R.E.Online-Analytik zur Charakterisierung vonNanopartikeln in hohen KonzentrationenChemie-Ingenieur-Technik 80(2008), Nr.9,S.1347

Raethel, J.; Kessel, H.U.; Herrmann, M.:Field activated sintering technology (FAST)for ceramic materialscfi-ceramic forum international; Berichte derDeutschen Keramischen Gesellschaft 85(2008),Special Edition »Thermal process Engineering inthe ceramics industry«, Nr. 13, S. 39-42

Rebenklau, L.; Detert, M.; Herzog, T.Bleifreie Lötverbindungen auf keramischenDickschichtverdrahtungsträgernSchruttke, W., RoHS-Handbuch für Hersteller

und Zulieferer. Praktische Umsetzungshilfen,alternative Materialien und innovative Verfah-ren. LoseblattausgabeMerching: Forum Verlag Herkert, Kapitel 7.9

Richter, V. ; Potthoff, A.; Pompe, W.; Gelinsky,M.; Ikonomidou, H.; Bastian, S.; Schirmer, K.;Scholz, S.; Hofinger, J.Evaluation of health risks of nano- andmicroparticlesPowder Metallurgy 51(2008), Nr.1, S.8-9

Richter, V.; Bastian, S.Bewertung der Gesundheitsrisiken vonNanopartikeln - Ein Beitrag zur nachhalti-gen Entwicklung der NanotechnologieJournal für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmit-telsicherheit 3(2008), Nr.3, S.332-338

Schneider, M.; Yezerska, O.; Lohrengel, M.M.Anodic oxide formation on AA2024: Electro-chemical and microstructure investigationCorrosion engineering, science and technology:CEST 43(2008), Nr.4, S.304-312

Schönecker, A.Piezoelectric fiber composite fabricationSafari, A., Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materialsfor Transducer ApplicationsBerlin: Springer US, 2008, S.261-287 (Chapter 13)

Schröder, T.; Lenk, R.; Baumann, A.; Moritz, T. ; Schöler, U.:Hochzeit für ungleiche Paare: Metall-Kera-mik-HybrideFraunhofer-Magazin (2008), Nr.4, S.44-45

Schroth, S.; Schneider, M.; Mayer-Uhma, T.;Michaelis, A.; Klemm, V.Investigation of thin oxide films on titani-um for capacitor applicationsSurface and interface analysis 40(2008), Nr. 3/4, S.850-852

Schumann, R. Beitrag zur Prognose des erzielbaren Ent-wässerungsergebnisses anhand ausgewähl-ter Eigenschaften kommunalerKlärschlämmeStuttgart: Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 2008(Schriftenreihe Kompetenzen in Keramik undUmweltverfahrenstechnik 1). Zugl.: Dresden,Univ., Diss., 2007ISBN 978-3-8167-7589-8

Shabalala, T.C.; McLachlan, D.S.; Sigalas, I.;Herrmann, M.Hard and tough boron suboxide basedcompositesCeramics international: CI 34(2008), Nr.7,S.1713-1717

Siegel, S.Holzbasierte Keramik als Konstruktions-

werkstoff. Teil 1Keramische Zeitschrift 60(2008), Nr.2, S.94-99

Sithebe, H.S.L. ; McLachlan, D. ; Sigalas, I. ;Herrmann, M.:Pressure infiltration of boron nitride pre-forms with molten aluminumCeramics international: CI 34(2008), Nr.6,S.1367-1371

Stahr, C.C. ; Berger, L.-M. ; Thiele, S.Mikrostruktur und Eigenschaften HVOF-gespritzter Schichten im System TiO2-Cr2O3

Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik39(2008), Nr.1, S.24-28

Stelter, M.Multifunctional glass ceramics as fuel cells-carrier material: Berichte aus der ForschungBWK. Das Energie-Fachmagazin 60(2008),Nr.1-2, S.S14-S14

Ziesche, S. ; Jurk, R. ; Trofimenko, N. ; Kusnezoff, M.Permeation and oxygen exchange ofLn2Ni0.8Cu0.2O4-materials (Ln=La, Pr, Nd)Solid state ionics 179(2008), Nr.27/32, Specialissue, S.1351-1353

Zins, M.Treffpunkt Keramik – Hannover Messe 2008cfi-ceramic forum international; Berichte derDeutschen Keramischen Gesellschaft 85(2008),Nr. 4, S. D11-D12

Presentations and posters

Adler, J.; Standke, G.; Jahn, M.; Marschallek, F.Cellular ceramics made of silicon carbideceramics for burner technology32nd International Conference & Exposition onAdvanced Ceramics and Composites ICACC2008, Daytona Beach (27.1-1.2.2008), Presentation

Adler, J.Ceramic diesel particulate filters – statusand trends2nd International Congress on Ceramics: AGlobal Roadmap for Ceramics - ICC2, Verona,Italy (29.6.-4.7.2008), Presentation

Adler, J.; Kalisch, A.; Sprung, J.; Zschunke, T.Schaumkeramik-Filter zur Emissionsreduzie-rung von Feuerstätten für feste Brennstoffe3. Fachkolloquium Feuerstätten/Abgasanlagen“Sichere und schadstoffarme Festbrennstoff-Feuerungsanlagen", Stuttgart (29.4.2008), Pre-sentation

Adler, J.Silicon carbide filters in hot gas filtrationInternational Symposium on New Frontier ofAdvanced Si-Based Ceramics and Composites,Jeju, Korea (8.-11.6.2008), Presentation


Bastian, S.; Iwe, M.; Holke, R.; Richter, V.Effects of different engineered nanoparti-cles on primary rat neuronsNanotox 2008 - 2nd International Conference,Zurich (7.-10.9.2008), Poster

Belda, C.Long-term stability of miniaturized poten-tiometric CO2 sensors in thick-film technologyEurosensors XXII, Dresden (7.-10.9.2008), Pos-ter

Belda, C.; Fritsch, M.; Feller, C.; Westphal, D.;Jung, G.Stability of solid electrolyte based thick-film CO2 sensorsIMAPS-CPMT Poland 2008: 32nd InternationalMicroelectronics and Packaging IMAPS-CPMTPoland Conference, Warsaw-Pultusk (21.-24.9.2008), Poster

Begand, S.; Oberbach, T.; Herrmann, M.;Sempf, K.Inspection of microstructure and phasecomposition of a dispersion ceramic afterhydrothermal treatment 2nd International Congress on Ceramics: AGlobal Roadmap for Ceramics - ICC2, Verona,Italy (29.6.-4.7.2008), Presentation

Berger, L.-M.; Thiele, S.Charakterisierung keramischer Festkörperdurch Adsorption und Quecksilberporosi-metrieDKG-Fortbildungsseminar - TechnologischeGrundlagen der Granulierung und Granulatver-arbeitung, Dresden (24./25.4.2008), Presenta-tion

Berger, L.-M.; Stahr, C.C.; Herrmann, M.; Des-ka, D.; Michael, G.Corrosion of thermally sprayed oxide cera-mic coatingsMSE - Congress and exhibition on advancedmaterials and processes, Nuremberg (1.-4.9.2008), Presentation

Böttge, D.; Adler, J.Methakat: Katalytisch – thermische Entsor-gung methanhaltiger Schwachgase84. Darmstädter Seminar - Abfalltechnik undUmwelt- und Raumplanung “Klimawandel -Markt für Strategien und Technologien?!",Darmstadt (26.6.2008), Presentation

Bräunig, R. E.; Potthoff, A.Online-Charakterisierung von Nanoparti-keln in hohen Konzentrationen4. Symposium - Produktgestaltung in der Parti-keltechnologie, Pfinztal (12./13.6.2008),Presentation

Brückner, B.; Schönecker, A.Aktive Materialien für Sensoren und Akto-

ren mit speziellem Fokus auf Piezokeramik18. FIF Workshop, Bruchsal (6./7.3.2008), Pre-sentation

Brückner, B.; Schönecker, A.Zustandsüberwachung piezoelektrischerAktoren durch Auswertung des elektri-schen Ansteuersignals2. Tagung des DVM-Arbeitskreises Zuverlässig-keit mechatronischer und adaptronischer Systeme, Koblenz (2./3.4.2008), Presentation

Busch, W.; Kühnel, D.; Springer, A.; Meißner, T.;Gelinsky, M.; Potthoff, A.; Scholz, S.; Richter,V.; Schirmer, K.Assessment of hard metal nanoparticles: A combined approach of characterisation,visualisation and toxicologyNanotox 2008 - 2nd International Conference,Zurich (7.-10.9.2008), Poster

Endler, I.; Höhn, M.; Herrmann, M.; Pitonak, R.;Ruppi, S.; Schneider, M.; van den Berg, H.;Westphal, H.Aluminiumreiches TiAIN – eine neuartige,hochleistungsfähige CVD-Hartstoffschicht27. Hagener Symposium Pulvermetallurgie,Hagen (27./28.11.2008), Presentation

Endler, I.; Höhn, M.; Herrmann, M.; Pitonak, R.;Ruppi, S.; Schneider, M.; van den Berg, H.;Westphal, H.Novel aluminium-rich Ti1-xAlxN coatings byLPCVDInternational Conference on Metallurgical Coa-tings and Thin Films ICMCTF, San Diego (28.4.-2.5.2008), Presentation

Flössel, M.; Gebhardt, S.; Schönecker, A.Research and development of active flexu-ral actuator modules based on PZT thickfilmsAPNFM 2008 - Advanced Processing for NovelFunctional Materials, Dresden (23.-25.1.2008),Poster

Flössel, M.; Gebhardt, S.; Schönecker, A.;Michaelis, A.LTCC/PZT Sensor - Actuator - ModuleElectroceramics XI, Manchester (31.8.-4.9.2008), Presentation

Friedrich, E.; Friedrich, H.; Jobst, K.; Maas, R.;Lincke, M.Effizienzsteigerung der Biogaserzeugungdurch innovativen Einsatz der Ultraschall-desintegrationBiogas 2008, Osnabrück (12./13.6.2008),Poster

Friedrich, E.; Friedrich, H.; Jobst, K.; Schwarz,B.; Wufka, A.Erhöhung der Effizienz der Biogasgewin-nung durch innovative Prozessführung zurVerbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit

17. Jahrestagung des Fachverbandes Biogase.V., Nuremberg (15.-17.1.2008), Presentation

Friedrich, H.; Jobst, K.; Lincke, M.; Schumann, R.Höhere Transparenz der Biogaserzeugungdurch innovative ZustandskennzeichnungBiogas 2008, Osnabrück (12./13.6.2008), Presentation

Friedrich, H.; Friedrich, E.; Jobst, K.; Schwarz, B.;Wufka, A.Verbesserung der Wirtschaftlichkeit vonBiogasanlagen durch Einführung innovati-ver ProzesseBiogas 08, Osnabrück (12./13.6.2008), Presen-tation

Friedrich, H.; Jobst, K.Kennzeichnung des Zerkleinerungsfort-schrittes von nachwachsenden RohstoffenLeipziger Biogasfachgespräch, Leipzig(2.4.2008), Presentation

Friedrich, H.; Fassauer, C.Werkstoffrückgewinnung aus Prozessab-wässernDKG FA 10, Duravit Sanitärporzellan Meissen(30.9.2008), Presentation

Friedrich, H.Beitrag zumproduktionsintegriertenUmweltschutz in der keramischenProduktionDKG FA 10, Duravit Sanitärporzellan Meissen(30.9.2008), Presentation

Fries, M.Design von keramischen Pressgranulatendurch Variation von Suspensionseigen-schaftenDKG-Symposium: Herstellung, Charakterisie-rung und Verarbeitung von keramischen Sus-pensionen, Erlangen (2./3.12.2008), Presenta-tion

Fries, M.PulveraufbereitungKeramische Hochleistungswerkstoffe: Schu-lungsprogramm des Fraunhofer-Demonstrati-onszentrums »AdvanCer«, Block I: Herstellung,Eigenschaften, Anwendungen, Dresden(12./13.3.2008), Presentation

Fries, M.Produktdesign keramischer SprühgranulateDKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Sprühtrocknungkeramischer Suspensionen, Dresden (10.-12.9.2008), Presentation

Fritsch, M.; Partsch, U.; Stelter, M.; Goldberg, A.;Michaelis, A.Thick film systems for strain gauges andenergy micro-systemsIMAPS/ACerS 4th International Conference and


Exhibition on Ceramic Interconnect and Cera-mic Microsystems Technologies (CICMT 2008),Munich (21.-24.4.2008), Presentation

Gebhardt, S.; Schönecker, A.; Bruchmann, C.;Beckert, E.; Rodrigues, G.; Bastaits, R.; Preumont, A.Active optical structures by use of PZT thick filmsIMAPS/ACerS 4th International Conference andExhibition on Ceramic Interconnect and Cera-mic Microsystems Technologies (CICMT 2008),Munich (21.-24.4.2008), Presentation

Gebhardt, S.; Partsch, U.; Schönecker, A.PZT thick films for MEMSISAF 2008 - 17th International Symposium onApplications of Ferroelectrics, Santa Fe, USA(24.-27.2.2008), Presentation

Gestrich, T.; Jaenicke-Rößler, K.; Herrmann, M.;Leitner, G.; Neher, R.Characterisation of the influence of humi-dity on powdertechnological processes bymeans of thermal analysisGEFTA - Gesellschaft für Thermische Analyse,Mulhouse (18.-20.6.2008), Presentation

Gestrich, T.; Jaenicke-Rößler, K.; Herrmann, M.;Leitner, G.Influence of atmosphere impurities ondebinding, outgassing and sintering ofhardmetalsInternational Conference on Tungsten,Refractory & Hardmaterials VII, Washington,D.C. (8.-12.6.2008), Presentation

Goldberg, A.An integrated self-calibrating differentialpressure sensor in LTCC-TechnologyEurosensors XXII, Dresden (7./10.9.2008), Pre-sentation

Goldberg, A.; Rabbow, T.; Partsch, U.; Schneider, M.; Stelter, M.:Micro-PEM-Fuel cells in LTCC-TechnologyElectrochemistry - Crossing boundaries, Giessen(6.-8.10.2008), Poster

Hanke, T.; Springer, A.; Rudolph, E.; Heine-mann, C.; Gelinsky, M.; Schirmer, K.;Ikonomidou, H.; Richter, V.:Visualisation of synthetic nanoparticles incells and small organisms - A contributionto the identification of toxic potency andtoxic mechanismsNanofair 2008: new ideas for industry; 6thInternational Nanotechnology Symposium,Dresden (11./12.3.2008), Presentation

Heddrich, M.; Jahn, M.; Marschallek, F.;Näke, R.Entwicklung und Aufbau eines Brennstoff-zellensystems für BiogasVDI-Tagung Brennstoffzelle, Braunschweig(27./28.5.2008), Poster

Heddrich, M.; Jahn, M.; Marschallek, F.; Näke,R.; Stelter, M.Entwicklung, Aufbau und Betrieb einesBrennstoffzellensystems für BiogasProcessNet Jahrestagung, Karlsruhe (7.-9.10.2008), S.1370, Presentation

Heddrich, M.Entwicklung und Aufbau eines Brennstoff-zellensystems für den Einsatz von Biogas6. Riesaer Brennstoffzellen - Workshop, Riesa(26.2.2008), Presentation

Heddrich, M.; Jahn, M.; Stelter, M.; Marschallek, F.; Näke, R.Operation of a biogas-fed SOFC systemFuel Cell Seminar & Exhibition, Phoenix, Arizo-na (27.-30.10.2008), Presentation

Heimann, M.; Meißner, F.; Endler, I.; Schönecker, A.; Wolter, K.-J.Nano-scaled functional layer for currentand heat transportation in electronicspackagingMicroCar 2008: Mikrowerkstoffe, Nanowerk-stoffe für den Automobilbau, Leipzig(27.2.2008), Presentation

Heimann, M.; Meißner, F.; Schönecker, A.; End-ler, I.; Wolter, K.-J.Nano-scaled functional layers for currentand heat transportation in electronicspackagingESTC – 2nd Electronics System-IntegrationTechnology Conference, Greenwich, London(1.-4.9.2008), Presentation

Hentsche, M.; Kretzschmar, C.; Rebenklau, L.;Grießmann; Marcinkowski, P.Thick film heater for aluminium nitrideceramicIMAPS 2008: 41st International Symposium onMicroelectronics, Rhode Island ConventionCenter - Providence, Rhode Island USA (2.11.-6.11.2008), Presentation

Hentsche, M.; Kretzschmar, C.Pb-free conductor gold paste for AlN-ceramicAPNFM 2008: Advanced Processing for NovelFunctional Materials, Dresden (23.-25.1.2008), Poster

Herrmann, M.Gefügedarstellung und BewertungKeramische Hochleistungswerkstoffe Schu-lungsprogramm des Fraunhofer-Demonstrati-onszentrums “AdvanCer", Block III: Konstrukti-on, Qualitätssicherung, Betriebseinsatz, Frei-burg (13./14.11.2008), Presentation

Herrmann, M.; Raethel, J.; Beckert, W.Spark plasma sintering of conductive andnonconductive compositesInternational Conference on Sintering 2008,San Diego (16. - 20.11.2008), Presentation

Herrmann, M.; Himpel, G.Thermische Entbinderungsprozesse:Mechanismen - Methoden - VerfahrenDKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Entbinderung kera-mischer Formteile, Dresden (23./24.10.2008),Presentation

Höhn, M.; Endler, I.; Pitonak, R.; Ruppi, S.;Schneider, M.; van den Berg, H.; Westphal, H.CVD-Al2O3-coatings – correlations betweenstructure and propertiesInternational Conference on Metallurgical Coa-tings and Thin Films ICMCTF, San Diego (28.4.-2.5.2008), Presentation

Höhn, S.Charakterisierung der Formkörper, Defek-tentstehung, Nachweis/Vermeidung.DKG Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft e.V.DKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Entbinderung kera-mischer Formteile, Dresden (23./24.10.2008),Presentation

Höhn, S.Grünkörpercharakterisierung mittels Com-putertomographie und ionenstrahlbasier-ten Präparationsmethoden14. Keramik Tag der BAM: ProzessbegleitendePrüfung in der Keramik, Berlin (8./9.5.2008),Presentation

Höhn, S.; Mayer-Uhma, T.Orientierungsabhängige Ätzratenbestim-mung an Rutil42. Metallographietagung, Jena (17. -19.9.2008), Presentation

Höhn, SSample preparation by ion beam methodsfor scanning electron microscopyNon Destructive Testing – Technologies & Appli-cations, Vienna (9.4.2008), Presentation

Iwe, M.; Bastian, S.; Holke, R.; Richter, V.Interaction of nanoparticles with oligoden-droglial cells of the rat brainNanotox 2008:2nd International Conference,Zurich (07.-10.9.2008), Poster

Jahn, M.; Stelter, M.; Adler, J.; Marschallek, F.Combustion in porous media for fuel cellapplicationsFuel Cell Seminar & Exhibition, Phoenix, Arizo-na (27.-30.10.2008), Poster

Jahn, M.; Heddrich, M.; Marschallek, F.; Näke, R.Brennstoffzellen-Systementwicklung zurBiomasseverwertungKolloquium Vision Keramik 2008+, Dresden(17./18.1.2008), Presentation

Jahn, M.; Stelter, M.; Heddrich, M.; Friedrich,E.; Kusnezoff, M.Development and operating experience


with a SOFC-CHP system for biogas8th European Fuel Cell Forum, Luzern (30.6.-4.7.2008), Presentation

Jahn, M.Entwicklung und Test keramischer Energie-systeme am Fraunhofer IKTS18. Treffen der Arbeitsgruppe Biogene Gase,Brennstoffzellen “Einsatz keramischer Werk-stoffe zur Gasreinigung und in Brennstoffzellen-anlagen", Hermsdorf (28.4.2008), Presentation

Jahn, M.Entwicklung, Aufbau und Betrieb einesSOFC-Brennstoffzellensystems für Biogasacatech Workshop “Potential der biotechnolo-gischen Energieumwandlung in Deutschland",Berlin (22.10.2008), Presentation

Kavurucu Schubert, S.; Kusnezoff, M.; Wunderlich, C.Characterisation of sulphur poisoning ofanodes in single-cell SOFC stacks usingimpedance spectroscopy8th European Fuel Cell Forum, Luzern (30.6.-4.7.2008), CD, 12 S., Poster

Kellner, M.; Betz, T.; Kusnezoff, M.; Trofimenko, N.; Mosch, S.Development and manufacturing of elec-trolyte-supported cells with high powerdensity and durability8th European Fuel Cell Forum, Luzern(30.6.-4.7.2008), CD, 9 S., Presentation

Kinski, I.Perspektiven für die Zukunft: Oxide undOxonitridePolymerkeramik Seminar, Hirschegg Kleinwal-sertal (14.-19.3.2008), Presentation

Kinski, I.Spinel-Type Gallium Oxynitrides4th International Workshop on Spinel-Nitridesand Related Materials; Rüdesheim (31.8.-5.9.2008), Presentation

Klemm, H.Ceramic high-temperature materials forgas turbine applicationsEntwicklungsseminar Clariant Produkte GmbH,(11.9.2008), Presentation

Klemm, H.Ceramic materials for gas turbine applications9th International Symposium on Ceramic Mate-rials and Components for Energy and Environ-mental Applications CMCEE 2008, Shanghai,China (10.-14.11.2008), Presentation

Klemm, H.; Adler, J.Nichtoxidische Strukturkeramiken miterweiterter Funktionalität – Beispiele undAnwendungen

Kuratorium IKTS, Dresden (08.5.2008), Presentation

Klemm, H.; Herrmann, M.Silicon nitride materials for gas turbineapplications9th International Symposium on Ceramic Mate-rials and Components for Energy and Environ-mental Applications CMCEE 2008, Shanghai,China (10.-14.11.2008), Presentation

Klemm, H.; Herrmann, M.Technische Keramik – ein ÜberblickEntwicklertreff Endress & Hauser, (25.7.2008),Presentation

Klemm, U.Bewertung der Pressbarkeit von Sprühgra-nulaten im instrumentierten PressversuchDKG-Fortbildungsseminar: TechnologischeGrundlagen der Granulierung und Granulatver-arbeitung, Dresden (24./25.4.2008), Presenta-tion

Kraft, T.; Bierwisch, B.; Lang, M.; Nebelung, M.Simulation des Fließverhaltens von Press-granulaten27. Hagener Symposium Pulvermetallurgie,Hagen (27./28.11.2008), S. 119-135, Presenta-tion

Krell, A.Improved protection by new transparent armorC-IED Symposium – Mitigation & Forensics,Meppen (28./29.5.2008), Presentation

Krell, A.; Klimke, J.; Hutzler, T.Materials for transparent ceramics: Physicalissues and technological solutions2nd International Congress on Ceramics (ICC-2), Verona (29.6.-4.7.2008), Presentation

Kremmer, K.; Schreiber, G.; Schneider, M.;Rafaja, D.Interplay between the deposition potentialand the microstructure of electroplatedlead layersElectrochemistry - Crossing boundaries, Giessen(6.-8.10.2008), Poster

Kühnel, D.; Busch, W.; Meißner, T.; Springer, A.;Potthoff, A.; Richter, V.; Gelinsky, M.; Schirmer, K.Toxic potency of cobalt-doped tungstencarbide nanoparticles to rainbow trout gillcells (RTgill-W1)NanoECO, Monte Verità, Switzerland (2.-7.3.2008), Presentation

Kusnezoff, M.; Pfeifer, T.; Lorenz, C.; Jahn, M.;Stelter, M.; Urban, W.; Thomas, S.; Pomraenke,A.; Hermann, A.SOFC components testing in a system con-text

8th European Fuel Cell Forum, Luzern (30.6.-4.7.2008), CD, 11 S., Presentation

Lankau, V.; Martin, H.-P.; Michaelis, A.Keramische Materialien für den Einsatz inthermoelektrischen GeneratorenThermoelektrik – eine Chance für die Automo-bilindustrie, Berlin (23./24.10.2008), Presenta-tion

Langklotz, U.; Weiser, M.; Schroth, S.; Schneider, M.; Michaelis, A.The application of an electrochemicalmicro-capillary device in surface scienceMINDE course / East Forum, Trento, Italy (19.-24.10.2008), Poster

Lenk, R.EffPro – Untersuchung zur Energieeffizienzin der ProduktionSitzung des Fachausschusses IV (Wärmetech-nik) der Deutschen Keramischen Gesellschafte.V., Dresden (5.3.2008), Presentation

Lenk, R.Energieeffizienz bei der Herstellung undim Einsatz von keramischen Hochleistungs-werkstoffenSitzung des Informativen Arbeitskreises Keramik-bearbeitung, Berlin (17.4.2008), Presentation

Lenk, R.Energieeinsatz bei der Herstellung vonTechnischer KeramikSitzung des Fachausschusses III (Verfahrens-technik) der Deutschen Keramischen Gesell-schaft e.V., Höhr-Grenzhausen (26.5.2008),Presentation

Lenk, R.Fehlerquellen bei der Herstellung kerami-scher WerkstoffeKeramische Hochleistungswerkstoffe: Schu-lungsprogramm des Fraunhofer-Demonstrati-onszentrums “AdvanCer", Block III: Konstrukti-on, Qualitätssicherung, Betriebseinsatz, Frei-burg (13./14.11.2008), Presentation

Lenk, R.Keramische FormgebungKeramische Hochleistungswerkstoffe: Schu-lungsprogramm des Fraunhofer-Demonstrati-onszentrums »AdvanCer«, Block I: Herstellung,Eigenschaften, Anwendungen, Dresden(12./13.3.2008), Presentation

Lenk, R.Keramische FormgebungDKG-Fortbildungsseminar: ThermoplastischeFormgebung von Technischer Keramik, Dresden(8./9.10.2008), Presentation

Lenk, R.; Baumann, A.; Moritz, T.Metall-Keramik-Verbunde durch Grünfolienhinterspritzen


EUROMOLD, Forum Werkstoffe, Frankfurt/M.(3.-5.12.2008), Presentation

Lenk, R.Produkt- und prozessorientierte Formge-bung Technischer KeramikSitzung des Technologieausschusses der Cer-amTec AG, Dresden (4.9.2008), Presentation

Lenk, R.; Nebelung, M.; Zins, M.Requirements on ceramic raw material fornew developments in technical ceramicsHosokawa-Alpine Expo 2008, Augsburg(23./24.4.2008), Presentation

Lenk, R.; Nebelung, M.; Zins, M.Anforderungen an keramische Rohstoffefür neue Entwicklungen in der TechnischenKeramikHosokawa-Alpine Expo 2008, Augsburg(23./24.4.2008), Presentation

Lenzner, K.GranulatcharakterisierungDKG-Fortbildungsseminar: TechnologischeGrundlagen der Granulierung und Granulatver-arbeitung, Dresden (24./25.4.2008), Presentation

Maas, R.; Bagehorn, V.; Friedrich, E.; Friedrich, H.Influence of different parameters on mem-brane flux of digester effluent filtrate in asingle-shaft-disc-filter10th World Filtration Congress WFC 2008,Leipzig (14.-18.4.2008), S. II/224-II/228, Presentation

Maas, R.; Friedrich, H.Sound and flow field simulation in ultra-sound reactor for disintegration of sludges11th Meeting of the European Society of Sono-chemistry, La Grande Motte, France (1.-5.6.2008), S.80-81, Presentation

Maas, R.; Friedrich, H.Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Viskosi-tät auf die Strömungsführung und denUltraschallwandler in einem hochviskosenMediumDAGA 2008, 34. Jahrestagung für Akustik,Dresden (10.-13.3.2008), Presentation

Mannschatz, A.; Moritz, T.; Loibl, H.; Hubmann, R.X-ray computed tomography for characte-rization of powder injection molded cera-mic green partsWorkshop on X-Ray Micro Imaging of Materi-als, Devices, and Organisms, Dresden (22.-24.10.2008), Poster

Mannschatz, A.; Bedrich, S.; Klemm, H.;Moritz, T.Multifunctional ceramic/ceramic com-pounds made by 2-component powderinjection moulding

APNFM 2008: Advanced Processing for NovelFunctional Materials, Dresden (23.-25.1.2008), Presentation

Mannschatz, A.; Moritz, T.; Tontrup, C.Powder injection moulding using nano-structured ZirconiaNanofair 2008: new ideas for industry; 6thInternational Nanotechnology Symposium,Dresden (11./12.3.2008), Presentation

Marschallek, F.; Adler, J.; Belitz, R.; Böttge, D.;Heddrich, M.; Jahn, M.; Standke, G.Mehrstofffähige Brenner für den Einsatz inBrennstoffzellensystemenProcessNet Jahrestagung, Karlsruhe (7.-9.10.2008), Poster

Martin, H.-P.; Dahms, S.; Richter, H.-J.; Triebert, A.Diffusion joining of silicon carbide productsMaterials Science and Engineering, Nuremberg(1.-4.9.2008), Presentation

Meißner, T.; Potthoff, A.; Richter, V.Partikelcharakterisierung als Vorausset-zung für die Interpretation von In-Vitro-Studien2. Symposium Nanotechnology and Toxicologyin Environment and Health, Leipzig(2./3.4.2008), Poster

Meißner, T.; Springer, A.; Bastian, S.INOS - Identifizierung und Bewertung vonGesundheits- und Umweltauswirkungenvon technischen nanoskaligen Partikeln2. Symposium Nanotechnology and Toxicologyin Environment and Health, Leipzig(2./3.4.2008), Presentation

Meißner, T.; Potthoff, A.Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von Partikel-messtechnik zur Charakterisierung vonNanopartikeln in physiologischen FlüssigkeitenModerne Trends bei der Charakterisierungnanostrukturierter Systeme, Potsdam(10.4.2008), Presentation

Meißner, T.; Potthoff, A.; Richter, V.Suspension characterization as the impor-tant key for toxicological investigations.Nanosafe 2008, Minatec - France (3.-7.11.2007), Presentation

Meyer, A.; Potthoff, A.; Nebelung, M.; Lenzner,K.; Fuchs, T.; Stein, J.Stabilisierung hochkonzentrierter Böhmit-Suspensionen zur Vermahlung auf Partikel-größen im Nanometer-BereichAufbereitung und Recycling, Freiberg(12./13.11.2008), Presentation

Meyer, A.; Potthoff, A.; Kaskel, S.Messtechnisch unterstützte Schlickerent-

wicklung für Al2O3-Suspensionen4. Symposium - Produktgestaltung in der Parti-keltechnologie, Pfinztal (12./13.6.2008), Poster

Michaelis, A.Ceramic materials and technologies forhigh integrated fuel cell systems32nd International Conference & Exposition onAdvanced Ceramics and Composites ICACC 2008,Daytona Beach (27.1.-1.2.2008), Presentation

Michaelis, A.Ceramic materials and technologies forinnovative microsystems fabrication4. Fraunhofer Symposium, Sendai, Japan(8./9.12.2008), Presentation

Michaelis, A.Chancen und Entwicklungen keramischerMaterialien und Systeme anhand von For-schungsprojekten und AnwendungsbeispielenWorkshop »Technische Keramik«, HoerbigerInt. Management Services GmbH, Peiting(3.3.2008), Presentation

Michaelis, A.From nanomaterials to fuel cell systemsNanoTech-Forum, London (27.10.2008), Presentation

Michaelis, A.Keramische Bauteile für die Energie- undAntriebstechnikSitzung des Technologieausschuss der Ceram-Tec AG, Dresden (4.9.2008), Presentation

Michaelis, A.Keramische Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzel-len (SOFC) und Mikrobrennstoffzellen fürdie PraxisMATERIALICA 2008: 11. Internationale Fach-messe für Werkstoffanwendungen, Oberflä-chen und Product Engineering, Munich(14.10.2008), Presentation

Michaelis, A.Keramische HT-Brennstoffzellen SOFC fürmobile und stationäre AnwendungenNanoAutomotive 2008, Darmstadt (13.-14.5.2008), Presentation

Michaelis, A.Materialentwicklung für BrennstoffzellenNanomat 9. Szene, Karlsruhe (17.4.2008), Pre-sentation

Michaelis, A.Photovoltaik und Energietechnologienam IKTSWorkshop SolarFab2020, FEP Dresden(9.9.2008), Presentation

Michaelis, A.Thick film and multilayer ceramic technology for innovative fuel cell systems


9th Interanional Symposium on Ceramic Mate-rials and Components for Energy and Environ-mental Applications CMCEE 2008, Shanghai,China (10.-14.11.2008), Presentation

Michaelis, A.Vom Material zu BauteilDKG/DGM Symposium HochleistungskeramikHLK 2008, Hamburg (25.-27.2.2008), Presentation

Moritz, T.; Richter, A.; Dombrowski, F.Ceramic/metal and ceramic/ceramic com-pounds with novel pore structures by freeze castingAPNFM 2008 - Advanced Processing for NovelFunctional Materials, Dresden (23.-25.1.2008),Presentation

Moritz, T.; Moritz, K.Electrophoretically deposited porous cera-mics and their characterisation by x-raycomputer tomography3rd International Conference on Electrophore-tic Deposition: Fundamentals and Applications,Tokyo (5.-9.10.2008), Presentation

Moritz, T.What is CarCIMNon Destructive Testing - Technologies & Appli-cations, Vienna (9.4.2008), Presentation

Mosch, S.; Schneider, M.; Kusnezoff, M.; Trofimenko, N.Development and characterization of elec-trodes for SOFCs based on 3YSZ electroly-tesElectrochemistry - Crossing boundaries, Giessen(6.-8.10.2008), Poster

Müller, M.Granulatdesign mittels mechanischer GranulierverfahrenDKG-Fortbildungsseminar: TechnologischeGrundlagen der Granulierung und Granulatver-arbeitung, Dresden (24./25.4.2008), Presentation

Nebelung, M.; Fries, M.; Potthoff, A.Strategische Aspekte der Pulverkonfektio-nierungJahrestagung 2008 der DKG, Höhr-Grenzhau-sen (26.-28.5.2008), Presentation

Nebelung, M.; Lenzner, K.Granulatcharakterisierung – Voraussetzungfür die Optimierung von Pressgranulaten14. Keramik-Tag der BAM: ProzessbegleitendePrüfung in der Keramik, Berlin (8./9.5.2008),Presentation

Nebelung, M.; Lenzner, K.; Lang, B.Experiments on interaction betweenpowder processing and properties of alumina press bulk

Materials Science and Engineering, Nuremberg(1.-4.9.2008), Presentation

Nebelung, M.; Fries, M.; Kraft, T.Produktdesign von Pressgranulaten -Anforderungen und Realität-27. Hagener Symposium Pulvermetallurgie,Hagen (27./28.11.2008), S. 107-118, Presentation

Nebelung, M.; Fries, M.Thermische Granulationsverfahren: Einführung, SprühtrocknungDKG-Fortbildungsseminar: TechnologischeGrundlagen der Granulierung und Granulatver-arbeitung, Dresden (24./25.4.2008), Presentation

Nicolai, M.; Schönecker, A.The evaluation of activation parametersfor ferroelectric materialsFourth International Workshop Direct andInverse Problems in Piezoelectricity, Pommers-felden (29.9.-1.10.2008), Presentation

Nicolai, M.; Schönecker, A.Properties of PZT/SKN piezoceramic inmechanical and thermal load conditionsDKG/DGM-Symposium HochleistungskeramikHLK 2008, Hamburg (25.-27.2.2008), Poster

Nicolai, M.; Uhlig, S.; Schönecker, A.; Michaelis, A.Experimental investigation of non-linearbehaviour of PZT Piezoceramics at lowtemperatureCIMTEC, Italy, Acireale (8.-13.6.2008), S.105-110, Presentation

Nuffer, J.; Kohlrautz, D.; Brückner, B.; Schön-ecker, A.; Michelis, P.; Adarraga, O.; Nussmann, C.; Naake, A.; Schmidt, K.; Han, S.O.; Wolf, K.Reliability investigation of adaptive sys-tems for noise reduction on system andmaterial level12th Adaptronic Congress, Berlin(20./21.5.2008), S.155-164, Presentation

Oehme, F.Rationalisierung der Grünbearbeitungtechnischer KeramikKeramische Hochleistungswerkstoffe: Schu-lungsprogramm des Fraunhofer-Demonstrati-onszentrums “AdvanCer", Block II: Bearbei-tung technischer Keramik, Berlin (6./7.5.2008),Presentation

Pönicke, A.Sealing materials and joining techniques5th International Large SOFC Summer School,Chania, Crete, Greece (31.8.-5.9.2008), Pre-sentation

Pönicke, A.SOFC ceramic materials processing

5th International Large SOFC Summer School,Chania, Crete, Greece (31.8.-5.9.2008), Pre-sentation

Potthoff, A.; Richter, V.Bewertung und Gesundheitsrisiken vontechnischen Nanopartikeln mit Schwer-punkt Hartmetallvorstoffe40. Sitzung des AK Hartmetalle, Immelborn(9.4.2008), Presentation

Potthoff, A.; Lenzner, K.; Meyer, A.; Nebelung, M.Einfluss von Mahlbedingungen auf die Wir-kungsweise chemischer Hilfsstoffe bei derSuspensionsherstellungDKG-Symposium: Herstellung, Charakterisierungund Verarbeitung von keramischen Suspensio-nen, Erlangen (2.-3.12.2008), Presentation

Potthoff, A.; Meißner, T.; Richter, V.; Busch, W.;Kühnel, D.; Bastian, S.; Iwe, M.; Springer, A.Evaluation of health risks nanoparticles - A contribution to a sustainable develop-ment of nanotechnologyE-MRS Fall Meeting, Warsaw, (15.-19.9.2008), Presentation

Potthoff, A.; Nebelung, M.; Bräunig, R. E.Online-Analytik zur Charakterisierung vonNanopartikeln in hohen KonzentrationenProcessNet Jahrestagung, Karlsruhe (7.-9.10.2008), Presentation

Potthoff, A.; Bräunig, R.Online-Messtechnik zur Überwachung derZerkleinerung14. Keramik-Tag der BAM - ProzessbegleitendePrüfung in der Keramik, Berlin (8./9.5.2008),Presentation

Potthoff, A.Pulver- und SuspensionscharakterisierungDKG-Fortbildungsseminar: TechnologischeGrundlagen der Granulierung und Granulatver-arbeitung, Dresden (24./25.4.2008), Presentation

Quadbeck, P.; Standke, G.; Kümmel, K.; Adler,J.; Stephani, G.High temperature resistant cellular PMsteel componentsEuro PM2008 Congress & Exhibition, Mann-heim (29.9.-1.10.2008), Presentation

Quadbeck, P.; Standke, G.; Uhlenhut, H.; Adler,J.; Kümmel, K.; Stephani, G.Molybdenum foams for heat insulation inindustrial furnacesCellmet - 2nd International Symposium, Fraun-hofer Institute Center Dresden, (8.-10.10.2008), Presentation

Räthel, J.; Herrmann, M.; Beckert, W.; Nürnberger, M.Densification of electrically conductive


composites close to percolation thresholdInternational Conference Advanced Processingof Novel Functional Materials (APNFM), Dres-den (23.-25.1.2008), Presentation

Räthel, J.; Herrmann, M.; Beckert, W.Temperature distribution during sparkplasma sintering (SPS)Workshop on Spark Plasma Sintering, Avignon,France (6./7.10.2008), Poster

Rabbow, T.; Schneider, M.; Partsch, U.; Stelter, M.; Michaelis, A.EMSA – Electrochemical MultisensorarrayElectrochemistry - Crossing boundaries, Giessen(6.-8.10.2008), Poster

Rabbow, T.; Schneider, M.; Partsch, U.; Stelter, M.; Michaelis, A.EMSA – Elektrochemisches MultisensorarrayBiotechnica, Hanover (7.-9.10.2008), Poster

Rabbow, T.; Schneider, M.; Partsch, U.; Stelter, M.; Michaelis, A.EMSA – Elektrochemisches MultisensorarraySIT, Industrie- und Technologiefachmesse,Chemnitz (26.-28.6.2008), Poster

Rabbow, T.; Schneider, M.; Fuhrmann, A.; Stel-ter, M.; Michaelis, A.Electrochemistry at thick film gold electro-des on low temperatures cofired ceramics(LTCC)Materials Science and Engineering, Nuremberg(1.-4.9.2008), Presentation

Rabbow, T.; Schneider, M.Elektrochemie an Gold-DickschichtenWinterseminar »Struktur der Unordnung«,Wirl/Galtür (30.3. - 6.4.2008), Presentation

Reinhardt, K.; Feller, C.; Kretzschmar, C.Cut in pH sensor for food industry in cera-mic multilayer technology; pH-Einstichsen-sor für die Lebensmittelindustrie in kerami-scher MultilayertechnologieEurosensors XXII, Dresden (7.-10.9.2008), Poster

Reinhardt, K.Elektrochemische Sensoren in Dickschicht-technikIMAPS - Konferenz, Munich (14.-15.10.2008),Presentation

Richter, H.-J.; Lenk, R.; Miosge, E.Generative processes for the production ofceramic components - potentialities andlimitsEuro-uRapid2008 - 9th International User'sConference & Exhibition on Rapid Prototyping& Rapid Tooling & Rapid Manufacturing, Berlin(23./24.9.2008), S.217-226, Presentation

Richter, V.; Kühnel, D.Gesundheitsaspekte von Nanopartikeln

Nanofair 2008: new ideas for industry; 6thInternational Nanotechnology Symposium,Dresden (11./12.3.2008), Poster

Richter, V.Fields of activities and competences ofFraunhofer IKTS – an institute of the Fraun-hofer SocietyJapanese-German Meeting at NanoClusterOsaka, Creation Core Osaka (11.2.2008), Presentation

Richter, V.Gesundheits- und Umweltauswirkungenvon technischen nanoskaligen PartikelnBürgerdialog NanoCare - Nanotechnologiesicher gemacht, Dresden (29.11.2008), Presentation

Richter, V.Gesundheitsrisiken von technischen Nanopar-tikeln – Wissensstand und ForschungsbedarfExpertengespräch “Nanotechnologie undGesundheit“ des BMBF, Bonn (24.6.2008), Pre-sentation

Richter, V.Identifizierung und Bewertung von Gesund-heits- und Umweltauswirkungen von techni-schen nanoskaligen Partikeln (INOS)WING-Statusseminar “NanoChem", Bonn,(18./19.6.2008), Presentation

Richter, V.Manufacturing of nanoscaled hard andheat conducting materials – Sintering andcharacterizationNanofair 2008: new ideas for industry; 6thInternational Nanotechnology Symposium,Dresden (11./12.3.2008), Presentation

Richter, V.; Bergs, T.Mass production of high precision opticalglass elements by direct formingNanoTech, Tokyo (14.2.2008), Presentation

Richter, V.; Potthoff, A.; Meißner, T.Physico-chemical characterization in thelight of toxicological effects (I)11th International Inhalation Symposium,Hanover (11.-14.6.2008), Presentation

Rödig, T.; Schönecker, A.Piezoelektrische Generatoren für LowPower Wireless Technologies10. Wireless Technologies Kongress, Bochum(23./24.9.2008), Presentation

Rößler, S.; Glorius, S.; Nies, B.; Quadbeck, P.;Hauser, R.; Stephani, G.; Standke, G.Metal foams reinforced with calcium phos-phate cement for use as bone implantsCellmet - 2nd International Symposium, Fraun-hofer Institute Center Dresden (8.-10.10.2008),Presentation

Safi, N.; Mayer, D.; Brückner, B.; Nuffer, J.Reliability prognostics of novel piezocera-mic plate actuators by assessing the electrical admittance2. Tagung DVM-Arbeitskreis Zuverlässigkeitmechatronischer und adaptronischer Systeme -Absicherung der Systemzuverlässigkeit,Koblenz (2./3.4.2008), S.167-174, Presentation

Sauchuk, V.; Kusnezoff, M.; Trofimenko, N.;Megel, S.; Baldus, H.-P.; Reinert, A.Development of effective protective mate-rials for SOFC metallic interconnects8th European Fuel Cell Forum, Luzern (30.6.-4.7.2008), Presentation

Schneider, M.; Schroth, S.; Weiser, M.; Langklotz, U.; Michaelis, A.Examination of thin oxide films on titani-um formed by eletrolytic and thermaloxidation in view of its thicknessMaterials Science and Engineering, Nuremberg(1.-4.9.2008), Presentation

Schneider, M.; Sydow, U.; Weidmann, S.; Fürbeth, W.Oxide tailoring for downstream modificati-on by chemical nanotechnology to upgra-de adhesive properties and corrosion protection of aluminum alloys11th International Conference on AluminiumAlloys ICAA, Aachen (22.-26.9.2008), Presenta-tion

Scholz, S.; Richter, V.Nanotechnologie und UmweltBMBF, Bonn (18.2.2008), Diskussionsbeitrag

Schönecker, A.Eigenschaften keramischer Ferroelektrikaund deren AnwendungspotenzialWerkstoffe mit nichtlinearen dielektrischenEigenschaften, Stuttgart (13.3.2008), Presenta-tion

Schönecker, A.; Gebhardt, S.Microsystems technologies for use instructures and integrated systemsCIMTEC, Italy, Acireale (8. -13.6.2008), Presentation

Schönecker, A.; Meißner, F.; Heimann, M.; Wolter, K.-J.; Endler, I.:Nanoskalige Funktionsschichten zumStrom- und Wärmetransport in der Auf-bau- und Verbindungstechnik – NAFU-AVTMikro-Nano-Integration, Berlin (13./14.3.2008),Presentation

Schulz, I.Nano Si3N4 composites with improved tribological properties16th International Colloquium Tribology, Stutt-gart/Ostfildern (15.-17.1.2008), Presentation


Sempf, K.; Herrmann, M.; Bauer, F.First results in thin film analysis based on anew EDS software to determine compositionand/or thickness of thin layers on substrates14th European Microscopy Congress EMC,Aachen (1.-5.9.2008), Poster

Siegel, S.Biomimetisch geprägte Hochleistungskera-miken für den AnlagenbauBMBF-Statusseminar »BIONA - Bionische Inno-vationen für nachhaltige Produkte und Techno-logien«, Bad Honnef (27./28.11.2008), Presen-tation

Sigalas, I.; Andrews, A.; Herrmann, M.; Shaba-lala, T. C.; Kleebe, A.Boron suboxide: A potential superhardmaterial9th Interntional Conference on the Science ofHard Materials ICSHM9, Motego Bay, Jamaica(10.-14.3.2008), Presentation

Sigalas, I.; Ras, A.; Naidoo, K.; Herrmann, M.The use of hard and ultrahard ceramics intransportation and security applications2nd International Congress on Ceramics (ICC-2), Verona (29.6.-4.7.2008), Presentation

Stahr, C.C.; Herrmann, M.; Berger, L.-M.; Deska, D.Corrosion of alumina-based coatingsITSC 2008, Maastricht (2.-4.6.2008), CD,S.374-377, Presentation

Stahr, C.C.; Berger, L.-M.; Herrmann, M.; Deska, D.Korrosion thermisch gespritzter Schichtenauf der Basis von Aluminiumoxid11. Werkstofftechnisches Kolloquium, Chem-nitz (1./2.10.2008), S.115-122, Presentation

Stelter, M.; Jahn, M.; Heddrich, M.; Kusnezoff,M.; Friedrich, E.SOFC-CHP system operated on biogas8th European Fuel Cell Forum, Luzern (30.6.-4.7.2008), Presentation

Stockmann, J.Trockenpressen – Technologische AspekteDKG-Fortbildungsseminar: TechnologischeGrundlagen der Granulierung und Granulatverar-beitung, Dresden (24./25.4.2008), Presentation

Stockmann, J.VerbindungstechnikKeramische Hochleistungswerkstoffe: Schu-lungsprogramm des Fraunhofer-Demonstrati-onszentrums »AdvanCer«, Block III: Konstrukti-on, Qualitätssicherung, Betriebseinsatz, Frei-burg (13./14.11.2008), Presentation

Sydow, U.; Schneider, M.; Herrmann, M.;Michaelis, A.Mechanismen der elektrochemischen

Korrosion polykristalliner SiC-KeramikenWinterseminar “Struktur der Unordnung",Wirl/Galtür (30.3.-6.4.2008), Presentation

Sydow, U.; Schneider, M.; Herrmann, M.;Michaelis, A.Mechanism of the electrochemical corrosion of polycrystalline SiC-ceramicsElectrochemistry - Crossing boundaries, Giessen(6.-8.10.2008), Poster

Uhlig, S.Investigation of domain-related topogra-phy formation during chemical mechanicalpolishing (CMP) of piezoelectric ceramicmaterialElectroceramics XI, Manchester (31.8.-4.9.2008), Presentation

Uhlig, S.Topographische Präparation ferroelektri-scher Domänen beim Chemisch Mechani-schen Polieren (CMP)DKG/DGM Symposium HochleistungskeramikHLK 2008, Hamburg (25.-27.2.2008), Poster

Weidmann, S. K.; Fürbeth, W.; Yezerska, O.;Sydow, U.; Schneider, M.Nanoparticle based impregnation of anodic layers on aluminum alloys11th International Conference on AluminiumAlloys ICAA, Aachen (22.-26.9.2008), Poster

Weiser, M.; Schroth, S.; Schneider, M.; Michaelis, A.Electrochemical investigation on thin tita-nium oxide films formed by electrolytic andthermal oxidationJunior Euromat, Lausanne (14.7.-18.7.2008),Poster

Wufka, A.; Schwarz, B.; Friedrich, E.; Jobst, K.;Friedrich, H.Novel process management for improvedbiogas production14th International Conference for RenewableResources and Plant Biotechnologie, Magde-burg (9./10.6.2008), Presentation

Zalite, I.; Grabis, J.; Palcevskis, E.; Herrmann, M.Plasma processed nanosize Si3N4-basedpowders for advanced ceramics in aerospaceEuropean Conference on Materials andStructures in Aerospace (EUCOMAS), Berlin(26./27.5.2008), S.465-466, Presentation

Ziesche, S.Entwicklung von ionisch - elektronischmischleitenden keramischen Werkstoffenfür SauerstoffpermeationsmembranenKolloquium Vision Keramik 2008+, Dresden(17./18.1.2008), Presentation

Ziesche, S.Oxygen sensor for gas mixtures with

combustible componentsEurosensors XXII, Dresden (7.-10.9.2008), Pre-sentation

Zins, M.Keramische Komponenten im modernenMaschinenbauMFD Materialforschungstag, Leipzig (29.2.2008)

Zins, M.Technologietransfer – Technische Keramikals Basis für AusgründungenBedeutung von Transferprojekten und Unter-nehmensgründungen für Fraunhofer-Institutedresden exists “Berufsperspektive: Wissen-schaftler oder Unternehmer?", Dresden(21.10.2008), Presentation

Zins, M.Faszination Technische Keramik - Trendsund Entwicklungen aus Industrie und ForschungAdvanced Ceramics Forward, Nuremberg(6.6.2008), Presentation

Zins, M.Technische Keramik – vom Haushaltsmesserzur BrennstoffzelleLange Nacht der Wissenschaften, Dresden(4.7.2008), Presentation

Zins, M.Keramische Werkstoffe für Schlüsselkompo-nenten in der Energie- und UmwelttechnikVDI Arbeitskreis Wärmebehandlung und Werk-stofftechnik, Chemnitz (18.3.2008), Presenta-tion

Zins, M.Keramische Komponenten im MaschinenverbundHMI Werkstoffforum, Hanover (25.4.2008)

Zins, M.Martkttrends und Entwicklungen imBereich keramischer Werkstoffe und kera-mischer BauteileDVS 68. Sitzung der Arbeitsgruppe W3 “Fügen von Metall, Keramik und Glas", Dresden(10.4.2008), Presentation

Zins, M.Keramische Werkstoffe und Anwendun-gen: Entwicklungstrends und -angeboteDKG-Fortbildungsseminar: ThermoplastischeFormgebung von Technischer Keramik, Dresden(8./9.10.2008), Presentation

Zins, M.:Markttrends und Entwicklungen im Bereichkeramischer Werkstoffe und keramischerBauteileDKG-Fortbildungsseminar: Entbinderung kera-mischer Formteile, Dresden (23./24.10.2008),Presentation


Teaching activities of IKTS employees

Dipl.-Ing. Höhn, S.LectureKeramografieIm Rahmen der Lehrveranstaltung “Metallogra-fie“TU Dresden, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft(7.1.2008)

Dr. Jahn, M.LectureChemische Verfahrenstechnik/ReaktionstechnikHochschule Zittau für Chemiker und Ökologen(SS08)

Dr. Jahn, M.LectureChemische Verfahrenstechnik/ReaktionstechnikHTW Dresden, Chemieingenieurwesen(WS08/09)

Dr. Krell, A.Eingeladene VorlesungApproaches of Low-Defect Processing forTransparent CeramicsHaifa, Israel (16.-18.9.2008)

Dr. Maas, R.LectureUltraschall als Energiequelle verfahrenstechni-scher ProzesseIm Rahmen der Lehrveranstaltung “Verfahrens-automatisierung“Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Umwelttech-nik, Fakultät Maschinenwesen, TU Dresden(15.1.2008)

Dr. Maas, R.LectureEinsatz von Leistungsultraschall zur Effizienz-steigerung verfahrenstechnischer Prozesse Im Rahmen der Lehrveranstaltung “Verfahrens-automatisierung“Institut für Verfahrenstechnik und Umwelttech-nik, Fakultät Maschinenwesen, TU Dresden(13.11.2008)

Dipl.-Ing. Meißner, T.Kapitel: »Bewertung potentieller Risiken vonNanopartikeln – eine interdisziplinäre Heraus-forderung«In der Vorlesungsreihe der hochschuloffenenKolloquien des FB Maschinenbau/Verfahrens-technik, Studiengang Chemieingenieurwesen.Hochschule Für Technik und Wirtschaft Dres-den FH, Fachbereich Maschinenbau/Verfahrens-technik (20.11.2008)

Prof. Dr. Michaelis A.Lecture and intershipEinführung in die keramischen Struktur- undFunktionswerkstoffeTU Dresden, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft(WS08/09)

Prof. Dr. Michaelis, A.; Dr. Schönecker, A.;Dr. Kusnezoff, M.; Dr. Stelter, M.; Dr. Partsch, U.LectureKeramische FunktionswerkstoffeTU Dresden, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft(SS08)

Prof. Dr. Michaelis, A.LectureKeramische Werkstoffe für die PraxisVorlesungsreihe “Faszination Maschinenwe-sen“ der TU Dresden (23.6.2008)

Prof. Dr. Michaelis, A.Hochleistungskeramik von der Forschung biszur AnwendungRingvorlesung des Materialforschungsverbun-des Dresden MFD in Zusammenarbeit mit derTU Dresden (17.12.2008)

Dr. Nebelung, M.LectureGrundoperationen der Verfahrenstechnik –TrocknungDECHEMA Weiterbildungskurs Technische ChemieUniversität Leipzig, Institut für Technische Che-mie, Leipzig (11.11.2008)

Dr. Rebenklau, L.Kapitel: “Technologien der Dickschichttechnik“in der Vorlesungsreihe “Hybridtechnik“TU Dresden, Fakultät Elektrotechnik und Infor-mationstechnik (WS08/09)

Dr. Richter, V.; Dr. Moseley, S.Entwicklung des Lernmoduls III“Hartmetalle/Cermets“ des mehrsprachigenInternet-Lehrgangs “Design for PM“ der EPMA(2008), http://epma.autotrain.org

Dr. Zins, M.LectureEinsatz und Herstellung keramischer Schneid-stoffeTU Bergakademie Freiberg (1.2008)

Dr. Zins, M.LectureNE-Metalle / Keramik / KunststoffeTechnische Keramik als LeichtbaustoffTU Dresden, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft(WS08/09)

Participation on bodies / Technical committeesEmployees at Fraunhofer IKTS are involved inthe work of national and international groupsof experts:

Bodies

Prof. Dr. Michaelis, A.- Member of the DKG board- DGM/DKG joint committee on High-Perfor-

mance Ceramics, work group coordination- DGM/DKG joint committee on High-Perfor-

mance Ceramics, work group functionalceramics, chair

- DECHEMA working committee on appliedinorganics chemistry

- Spokesperson Fraunhofer High PerformanceCeramics Alliance

- AGEF working group of electrochemicalresearch institutions.

- Member of DPG (German Physical Society)- Member of the Institute Council of IfWW

(Institute of Materials Science), TU Dresden- Association member of Research Center

Rossendorf- Member of the executive board of Roth&Rau- Dresdner Gesprächskreis- Consultant NanoChem, BMBF- Member of advisory committee “Internal

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft“- AiF Wissenschaftlicher Rat- Vorstand Solarvalley Mitteldeutschland e.V.- Beirat Arbeitskreis Photovoltaik Silicon

Saxony

Dr. Beckert, W.- Fraunhofer Numerical Simulation of Pro-

ducts, Processes Alliance (NUSIM)

Dr. Krell, A.- Associate editor of “Journal of the ameri-

can ceramic society“

Dr. Lenk, R.- DKG-Expertenkreis Keramikspritzguss, Vor-

standsvorsitzender- Fraunhofer-Allianz Hochleistungskeramik

Geschäftsstelle

Dr. Moritz, T.- Spokesperson of European Network of

Materials Research Centres (ENMat)- Spokesperson of Competence Center

Nanomat- Management Committee of COST action

MP0701 “Nanocomposite Materials“

Dr. Richter V.- Nanotechnology group of EPMA

(co-chairman)- Fraunhofer Nanotechnology Alliance

Dr. Schönecker, A.- Advisor at Smart Material GmbH, Dresden


Dr. Stelter, M.- Fuel Cell Initiative Saxony (Brennstoffzellen-

Initiative Sachsen e.V.), spokesperson and co-ordinator

- Member of scientific advisory board of the Leibniz Institute for Plasma Research and Technology Greifswald

Dr. Zins, M.- Member of DKG coordinating group for

structural materials

Technical committees

Dr. Friedrich, H.- DKG technical committee 10 “environmen-

tal engineering«, chair- VDI/GVC technical committee particle mea-

suring technology- VDI/GVC technical committee waste

management, recovery of raw materials- VDI/GET technical committee renewable

energies- Work group granulometriy at Dresdner

Bezirksverein of the VDI work group Lan-desgruppe Sachsen/Thüringen

- DWA technical committee sludge treatment- Energy project - Biogas (Netherlands)- Fachverband Biogas

Dr. Jaenicke-Rössler, K.- GEFTA work group thermophysics- GEFTA work group measurement uncer-

tainties of thermo-dilatometers

Dr. Klemm, H.- DKG work group strengthening of ceramic

materials- DIN standards committee materials testing

NMP 291- European Structural Integrity Society

technical committee 6 (technical ceramics)

Kunath, R.- ADI work groups Dresdner Informationsver-

mittler e.V.- Work group special libraries

Dr. Moritz, T.- DECHEMA technical committee nanotech-

nology- Competence center ENMAT (European Net-

work of Materials Research Institutes)- DKG-Expertenkreis Keramikspritzguss

Nake, K.- DGM-Arbeitskreis Härteprüfung und AWT –

Fachausschuss FA-12

Dr. Nebelung, M.- VDI/GVC technical committee agglomera-

tion and bulk material technology- VDI/GVC technical committee drying tech-

nology

- DKG technical committee process enginee-ring

- Member of Association of Thermal Spraying e.V.

- DGM/DKG work group processing proper-ties of ceramic materials, chair

Dr. Potthoff, A.- DGM/DKG-Arbeitskreis Prozessbegleitende

Prüfverfahren- DECHEMA/VCI work group responsible

production and use of nanomaterials

Dr. Richter, H.-J.- DGM/DKG technical committee Advanced

Ceramics, work group ceramic membranes

Dr. Richter, V.- VDI technical committee applications with

cutting materials- DGM technical committee materials

aspects of tribology- DECHEMA/VCI work group responsible

production and use of nanomaterials- Fraunhofer-Allianz »Nanotechnologie« - EPMA-Arbeitskreis »European Hard

Materials Group«- Gemeinschaftsausschuss Pulvermetallurgie

Expertenkreis »Sintern«

Dr. Siegel, S.- DKG technical committee quality

Dr. Zins, M.- Technical committee powder metallurgy- DKG technical committee ceramic applica-

tions- Deutsche Messe AG, technical advisory

board of Hannover Messe subcontracting

Technical committees at symposia andmeetings

Prof. Dr. Michaelis, A.- Vision Keramik 2008+, Dresden

(January 17-18, 2008)- APNFM 2008 – Advanced Processing for

Novel Functional Materials, Dresden (January 23-25, 2008)

- DGM/DKG Symposium HLK 2008, Hamburg(February 25-27, 2007)

- Committee member of the DECHMAdiscussion conference “Inorganic TechnicalChemistry", Frankfurt a. Main (2008)

- MSE 2008: Materials Science and Enginee-ring, Nuremberg (September 1-4, 2008)

- 2. MATERIALICA Keramik Kongress, Munich(October 14/15, 2008)

- MFD Material Research Day 2008 Dresden(Nov/Dez 2008)

- Committee member of the DECHMAdiscussion conference “Inorganic TechnicalChemistry", Frankfurt a. Main (2009)

- INSECT 2009: International Symposium onElectrochemical Machining Technology (2009)

Dr. Lenk, R.- 3rd International Workshop on Advanced

Ceramics IWAC03, Limoges, France (06.-08.11.2008)

Dr. Nebelung, M.- Programm-Organisator 13. DKG-Fortbil-

dungsseminar “Technologische Grundlagender Granulierung und Granulatverarbei-tung", Dresden (April 24/25, 2008)

- Programm-Organisator 4. DKG Fortbil- dungsseminar “Sprühtrocknung kerami-scher Suspensionen – Technologie und Sta-tistische Versuchsplanung", Dresden (September 12, 2008)

Dr. Richter, V.- Member of Program Committee “Steel Cut-

ting 2008 – Innovative Methods andTrends", Kassel (11./12.6.2008)

- Member of International Advisory Board"11th International Inhalation Symposium",Hanover (June 11-14, 2008)

- Vorbereitung und Chairman "2. SymposiumNanotechnology and Toxicology in Environ-ment and Health", Leipzig (April 2/3, 2008)

- Mitorganisation Bürgerdialog Nano Care, Dresden (November 29, 2008)


Dissertations

Fries, ManfredProduktgestaltung keramischer Sprühgranulatefür die uniaxiale Pressverdichtung zu großfor-matigen BauteilenDissertation 2008IKTS Dresden – TU Bergakademie Freiberg

Günther, MichaelUntersuchungen zur Optimierung von elektri-schen Schaltungsträgern auf der Basis vonKeramik–Metall-VerbundenDissertation 2008IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Elektro-technik und Informationstechnik

Maas, RobertBeitrag zur numerischen und experimentellenUntersuchung des Schall- und Strömungsfeldesbei der Klärschlammdesintegration mitUltraschallDissertation 2008IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Maschi-nenwesen

Naake, AnjaEntwicklung und Charakterisierung eines PZT-Aluminium-Verbundes, hergestellt im Kokillen-gussverfahrenDissertation 2008IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Maschi-nenwesen

Diploma theses

Dittmer, RobertPhysical and chemical properties of ceramicleadzirconattitanate fibers prepared by extrusi-on and spinning processesDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Maschi-nenwesen

Eckhard, SusannaEntstehung von Produktstrukturen bei derSprühtrocknung keramischer SuspensionenDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – TU Bergakademie Freiberg

Hänig, DorotheeIn-situ Untersuchung der Topographieentwick-lung von Werkstoffen bei elektrochemischerParametervariation unter ECM-nahen Bedin-gungenDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Maschi-nenwesen

Hertel, StefanEinfluss von Schwefel im Brenngas auf das Leis-tungsverhalten von FestoxidbrennstoffzellenBachelorarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – Universität Leipzig, Fakultät fürPhysik und Geowissenschaften

Hlawatschek, SebastianErzeugung von gradierten WC-Co-Hartmetal-len durch gesteuerte RekristallisationDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Maschi-nenwesen

Jacob, MaikDarstellung und Charakterisierung von Kon-densatorstrukturen unter Verwendung vonSrTiO3-basierten Dünnschichten als Dielektri-kumDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – HTW Dresden, FachbereichMaschinenbau/Verfahrenstechnik

Kaden, ConradExperimentelle Untersuchungen an einem Bio-gas betriebenen BrennstoffzellensystemDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Maschi-nenwesen, Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft

Kaina, SteffenEntwicklung anorganischer Werkstoffe für tri-bologische Anwendungen im AutomobilbauDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – TU Dresden, Fakultät Maschi-nenwesen

Koszyk, StefanieKatalysatorscreening für die katalytische Oxida-tion von KohlenmonoxidDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – HTW Dresden, FachbereichMaschinenbau/Verfahrenstechnik

Kucera, AnjaAnpassung von leitfähigen und nichtleitfähigenFeedstocks für den 2-Komponenten-Spritzgussvon keramischen HeizelementenDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – Fachhochschule Osnabrück,Fakultät Ingenieurwissenschaften und Informatik

Mayer, MarkusHerstellung und Charakterisierung gerichteterCarbon Nanotube-Strukturen auf leitfähigenTrägermaterialienDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz

Mahzouli, NoamaneGläser für Dickschichtpasten auf AlNDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – TU Bergakademie Freiberg,Fakultät Maschinenbau, Verfahrens- und Ener-gietechnik

Perske, MandyKatalytisch aktive SiC-Nanokomposite ausmolekularen VorstufenDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – HTW Dresden

Richter, SylviaEntschwefelung von Biogas und CampinggasDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – Fachhochschule Lausitz

Schäfer, MatthiasCharakterisierung von Schüttguteigenschaftenmit der Torsionsscherzelle des Powder Rheome-ter FT4Diplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – TU Bergakademie Freiberg

Schenz, KerstinEinsatz der SOFC-Technologie zur Bereitstellungvon Strom und Wärme aus Biogas in einemBrennstoffzellensystemDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – Fachhochschule Lübeck, Ange-wandte Naturwissenschaften

Schwieger, JanineCharakterisierung des Agglomerationsverhal-tens oxidischer Nanopartikel unter physiologi-schen BedingungenDiplomarbeit 2008IKTS Dresden – Fachhochschule Lausitz

Exhibitions 2007-2008

“Art meets science“ has become aliving tradition at several institutes ofthe Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft.Changing exhibitions have estab-lished an inherent part of the culturallife of the institutes. The FraunhoferIKTS looks back on 17 years of exhibi-tions. As much as our institute grewin the last years, the exhibition areacould also be increased. In theentrance hall and its adjacent floors60 artworks can be exhibited.

About 40 artists from Dresden andother German cities presented theirworks at our institute covering thedifferent artistic styles of fine arts. So,oil, acryl and watercolor paintings,illustrations and graphic reproducti-ons, large-format photography andartworks made from different materi-als such as wood, titanium, bronzeand ceramics were presented.

In 2007 and 2008 the following exhi-bitions were presented at FraunhoferIKTS:

- July 2007Photographic exhibition by Marianne and Dr. Christian FrenzelDresden – looked at two times

- November 2007Acryl paintings by Roland GräfeHere and there

- January 2008Photographic exhibition of Thomas ErmerBright spots

- May 2008Gottfried Körner / Hartmut TracheRhythm of colors

- December 2008Acryl paintings by Dietmar WehlanInvisible becomes visible

It has become a tradition at IKTS toopen the exhibition with a vernissage.So, this kind of event taking placethree times a year becomes a placewhere staff interested in art, formercolleagues as well as numerousguests and artists meet.

The atmosphere where science andart are combined receives great feed-back from our partners and guests.This impulse promotes the creativityand a good working atmosphere.Both contribute to our success.

It is planned to continue this traditionin the coming years. Jochen Rhode,who has already created the large-format artwork “Becoming and gro-wing“ for the entrance hall of IKTS,will present his new works.

Grit Michael


Gottfried KörnerRhythm of colorsWatercolor.

Marianne and Dr. Christian FrenzelGrace, seriousness and cheerfulnessPhotography.

Hartmut TracheFragrance Acryl.


Symposia

ISPA 2009International Symposium on Piezocomposite ApplicationsSeptember 24-25, 2009Contact: Dr. Andreas Schönecker+49 351 2553-508

INSECT 2009International Symposium on Elec-trochemical Machining TechnologyNovember 26-27, 2009 Contact: Dr. Michael Schneider+49 351 2553-793

Industrial seminars

Industrial seminar “Efficiency improvement of biogasplants by innovative sensor tech-nology“Spring 2010Contact: Dr. Michael Stelter+49 351 2553-648

Industrial seminar “Spray drying in powder technology“September 7-8, 2009Contact: Dr. Manfred Nebelung+49 351 2553-540

Events

Junior doctor 2009March 17, 2009 March 19, 2009Contact: Katrin Schwarz+49 351 2553-720

Long Night of Sciences 2009June 19, 2009Contact: Katrin Schwarz+49 351 2553-720

Seminars / Workshops

DKG continuing seminars

“Technological fundamentals ofgranulation and granule proces-sing“April 23-24, 2009Contact: Dr. Manfred Nebelung+49 351 2553-540

“Spray drying of ceramic suspensions“September 9-11, 2009Contact: Dr. Manfred Nebelung+49 351 2553-540

“Thermoplastic shape-forming ofadvanced ceramics - technologyand training“October 7-8, 2009Contact: Dr. Reinhard Lenk+49 351 2553-539

“Debinding of ceramic bodies“October 29-30, 2009Contact: Dr. Mathias Herrmann+49 351 2553-527

Seminars of Fraunhofer Demons-tration Center “AdvanCer“Contact: Dr. Reinhard Lenk+49 351 2553-539

“Manufacturing technologies, pro-perties, applications“Dresden (March 11-12, 2009)

“Machining of advanced ceramics“Aachen (May 11-12, 2009)

“Construction, quality assuranceand application“Freiburg (November 12-13, 2009)

Planned events / Trade shows 2009


EnertecLeipzig, January 27-29, 2009

NanotechTokyo, February 18-20, 2009

Hannover-MesseHanover, April 20-24, 2009

SMT/HYBRID/PACKAGING 2009Nuremberg, May 5-7, 2009

ACHEMA 2009Frankfurt a. M., May 11-15, 2009

Sensor + Test 2009Nuremberg, May 26-28, 2009

BiotechnicaHanover, October 6-8, 2009

Euro PM International Congress & ExhibitionCopenhagen, October 12-14, 2009

CeramitecMunich, October 20-23, 2009

Hagener SymposiumHagen, November 2009

IMAPS USA 2009 International Symposium on Micro-electronicsRhode Island, USA, November 2-6, 2009

Productronica 2009Munich, November 10-13, 2009

Fuel Cell Seminar & Exposition2009Palm Springs, USA, November 16-20, 2009

EuroMold 2009Frankfurt a. M., December 2-5, 2009

Mailing address

Fraunhofer Institutefor Ceramic Technologies andSystemsPress and Public RelationsKatrin SchwarzWinterbergstrasse 28

01277 DresdenGermany

Phone +49 351 2553-720Fax +49 351 2553-600

If you would like to receive informa-tion about a subject, place an “X“ inthe corresponding box and mail orfax a copy of this and/or the previouspage to the address given above

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How to reach us

How to reach us

By car

- At the three-way highway intersection “Dres-den West“ exit Autobahn A4 onto AutobahnA17 in direction “Prag“ (Prague)

- Exit at “Dresden Prohlis“ (Exit 4)- Continue 2 km along the secondary road in

direction “Zentrum“ (City Center)- At the end of the secondary road (Kaufmarkt

store will be on the right side), go through lightand continue straight ahead along Langer Weg in direction “Prohlis“ (IHK)

- After 1 km, turn left onto Mügelner Strasse- Turn right at the next traffic light onto

Moränenende- Continue under the train tracks and turn left at

next traffic light onto Breitscheidstrasse- Continue 3 km (the road name will change to

An der Rennbahn and then to Winter-bergstrasse)

- Fraunhofer IKTS is on the left side of the road(Winterbergstrasse 28) across from the NETTO grocery store

By railway and tram

- From Dresden main railway station:- From stop “Hauptbahnhof Nord“ take line 9

(direction Prohlis) to “Wasaplatz“- Change to line 89 (direction Heidenau) and exit

at “Fraunhofer-Institutszentrum“

By plane

- From Airport Dresden-Klotzsche take a taxi toWinterbergstrasse 28 (distance is approximately7 miles or 10 km)

- Or use suburban train S2 (underground trainstation) to stop “Haltepunkt Strehlen“

- Change to bus line 89 (direction Heidenau) andexit at “Fraunhofer-Institutszentrum“

Fraunhofer IKTS Dresden


Editorial team / layout:Katrin SchwarzPeter PeukerSusanne FreundRita Kunath

Printing:MAXROI Graphics GmbH

Photo acknowledgments:Photographer Jürgen LöselFoto Wachs DresdenFraunhofer IKTS, DresdenFraunhofer ISC, WürzburgFraunhofer IST, Braunschweig

Institute address:Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and SystemsIKTS DresdenWinterbergstrasse 2801277 DresdenGermany

Phone +49 351 2553-700Fax +49 351 2553-600

[email protected]

Press and public relations:Dipl.-Chem. Katrin SchwarzPhone +49 351 [email protected]

Reprints permitted only upon express authorization by editorial team.

© Fraunhofer IKTS, Dresden 2009-06

Editorial notes

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00 Fraunhofer IKTS 2008 Annual Report Tcm205-149699

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