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Understanding the fundamental Understanding the fundamental capabilities of ESX Server
Understanding the fundamentalUnderstanding the fundamental capabilities of ESX Server
Agenda
Challenges of ITTypical Virtual Datacenter ArchitectureTypical Virtual Datacenter ArchitectureESX Server ArchitectureR M tResource Management
2
Trends and Challenges Facing IT
Cut PowerConsumption
Better Supportthe Business
Consumption
Get a Better Returnon Investments
Address Make IT
Today’sIT Dept.
TechnologicalComplexity
R d
Make IT More Secure
ReduceOperating Costs
3
Key IT Obstacles
EfficiencyComplexity
What’s Increasing What’s Decreasing
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%Efficiency
# co
mpo
nent
sComplexity
0%
10%
20%
1980 1990 2007
Server utilization rates*
1990 1997 2007
#
Numbers of components which need to be procured, provisioned, managed, secured, etc.
Pressures
Do more Comply with security and
Resources
Less able to add new
functionality or with less regulatory
requirements improve IT
service levels
4
*Source: IBM Scorpion, VMware
Challenge: Server Proliferation
Server Sprawl Consolidate Increase utiliReduce hard
% CPU Busy (8 LCPVs w/HT)
Low Utilization High Power Consumption
700
800500
600
700
800
725 MW
200
300
400
500
600
700725 MW
100
200
300
400
Higher Utilization Avg. utilization rate/server
0
100
MegaWatts consumed: 100 servers per year Lower Consump
0
100
104 MW
5
How Does Virtualization Help?VMware Decouples Software from Hardware
Enterprise App
Operating System
Operating System
Operating SystemVMware Virtualization
Physical Topology of a VI Datacenter
VirtualCenterServer
VIClient
TerminalService
WebBrowser
ServerGroup 1
ServerGroup 2
ServerGroup 3
FC SwitchFabric IP Network
ESX Server
VM VM VM VM VM
Fibre ChannelStorage Array
iSCSIStorage Array
NASStorage ArrayStorage Array Storage Array Storage Array
Efficient Resource Pooling on a Shared Infrastructure
Virtual DesktopsBI CRMDevelopment Production
Applications Marketing
Aggregate capacity:
SHARED HARDWAREINFRASTRUCTURE
Aggregate capacity:30 x (3GHz, 16GB) = 90GHz, 480GB
VI provides a Shared Infrastructure foundation for deploying SOA and SaaS Architectures
Hosts, Clusters, and Resource Pools
12 GHz48 GB RAMCluster
Host
VMVM VM
Accounting RP
VM
Finance Department RP
Payroll VM
VM
Other VM
4 x 2 x 4 = 32 GHz32 GB RAM
VMVM VM
4 GHz16 GB RAM
VM
8 GHz32 GB RAM
VM
Cluster
virtualphysical8 x 4 x 4 = 256 GHz
8 x 32 = 256 GB RAM
x86 Server4 GHz
16 GB RAM
x86 Server4 GHz
16 GB RAM
x86 Server4 GHz
16 GB RAM
Inside ESX server
Wh t k ESXWhat makes ESX server so powerful ?p
VMKernel and not Linux
Overview of ESX Server components
Service Console
hostd
Virtual SMP
VMM VMMVMM VMM
hostdManagement Agents and Interfaces Other
Peripheral I/O
ClusteredVM File System
Virtual NICs &Switches
Virtual SMP
Periodic Load Balancer
Resource Management
VMkernel Device Drivers
Storage Stack Network StackResource Management
PhysicalHardware
Virtual Machines
Service Console
hostd
During new VM creation, you choose devices and
t f RAM
Virtual SMP
VMM VMMVMM VMM
hostdManagement Agents and Interfaces Other
Peripheral I/O
amount of RAM.
ClusteredVM File System
Virtual NICs &Switches
Virtual SMP
Periodic Load Balancer
Resource Management
VMkernel maps devices to physical devices on host.
VMkernel Device Drivers
Storage Stack Network StackResource Management
VM is independent of host system and hardware.
PhysicalHardware
VMware Tools
VMware Tools serviceLinux: vmware guestdLinux: vmware-guestd
Windows: VMwareService.exe
VMware Tools user processLinux: vmware-user
Windows: VMwareUser.exe
Device driversDevice drivers
Control panel
Scriptsp
VM taskbar icon
Core Virtual Machine Files
File Name Description
nvram Non-volatile RAM file
Vmware-0.log, vmware-1.log, etc. Log files
<VMname>.vmdk Virtual disk
<VMname>.vmx VM configuration fileg
<VMname>.vswp Swap file
<VMname>.vmsd Snapshot data
Virtual Machine Content Sits in a Datastore
ESX Server Datastores types:
• VMware File System (VMFS)• RDMs using VMFS•Network File System (NFS)ESX S •Network File System (NFS)ESX Server
Datastore
VM Content Datastore is a partition of a volume that has been formatted with a file system.
Volume
y
Types of Datastore
VM 1 VM 2 VM 1 VM 2 VM3VM3
ESX Server 1 ESX Server 2
VM Content VM ContentVM Content
DatastoreVMFS
DatastoreVMFS
DatastoreNFS
IP Network IP NetworkFC Switch
Fibre ChannelSAN disk array
iSCSI SANdisk array
NASdisk array
The Highest VM Density…
Dynamic Balancing Highest VM DensityMemory Optimization y g g yy p
Memory Optimization
Memory BallooningDriver vmmemctl de-allocates memory from selected virtual
Service Console
hostd memory from selected virtual machines when RAM is scarce
Virtual SMP
VMM VMMVMM VMM
hostdManagement Agents and Interfaces Other
Peripheral I/O
Transparent Page Sharing
Local swap space
ClusteredVM File System
Virtual NICs &Switches
Virtual SMP
Periodic Load Balancer
Resource Management
VMkernel SwapThe swap file lets the VMkernel swap the VM out entirely if memory is scarce
p g gVMkernel detects identical pages in VMs’ memory and maps them to the same underlying physical page
Local VMkernel Device Drivers
Storage Stack Network StackResource Management
swap space
PhysicalHardware
Multicore Processors
Uni Dual QuadUni VM
Dual VM
Quad VM
Core
Single-CoreDual-Socket System
Dual-CoreSingle-Socket System
Quad-CoreSingle-Socket System
Socket
Dual Socket System S g e Soc et Syste Single Socket System
Virtual Machine File System (VMFS)Virtual MachinesVirtual MachinesVirtual Machines
On-disk locking
Cluster file system
ESX ServerVMFS
ESX ServerVMFS
ESX ServerVMFS
yLive VM migration
Auto restart of failed VM on another server
VM clustering across servers
Architecture optimized for performanceUses large block size and sub-block allocation
U titiUses partitions
Sector-aligns I/O
Crash consistency and recovery mechanisms
Allows the scaling of virtualization beyond the boundaries of a single system
Shared Storage
Raw device mapping support
Shared Storage
Network Architecture Overview
NetworkC
Port
Host2 virtual
groups A B C D E
vSwitches
ph sical
Host1
A B C D E
Host2Physical network adapters
physical
Physical
Host1
Physical switches
vSwitch / Uplink Options
One outbound adapterNo outbound adapters
(internal-only) One or more outbound adapters(NIC teaming)(NIC teaming)
vSwitches
Ph i lPhysical network adapters
Physical switches
VLAN Overview
VLAN105 VLAN106
VLAN BenefitsNetwork
CA B C D EA B C D E
VLAN BenefitsFlexible network partition and configuration
Improved performance
Host2
Host2
virtualphysical
Host1
Host1
Improved performance
Cost savings
Virtualization Platform Enhancements
Paravirtualization
Virtual Machines Performance Scale Compatibility
Ubuntu64GB virtual RAM
ESX Server
Windows Vista
Hardware page table assistLarge memory pages
CPUMemory
256 GB of physical RAM
Network
pages
TCP Segment OffloadJumbo Frames
10 GigE Infiniband
Storage NPIV SupportSATA devices
Key Properties of Virtualization
Partitioning Isolation
Run multiple virtual machines The virtual machine is isolated
HW Independence
psimultaneously on a single
computerfrom other VMs on the same
computer
Encapsulation HW IndependenceEncapsulation
Run a virtual machine on any computer without modification. Break
dependence between OS & HW
Entire virtual machine is saved in files. Can be moved and copied
like any other file.
Server Consolidation Results with VMware
BEFORE VMware AFTER VMwareBEFORE VMware AFTER VMware
1,000Direct attach
80Tiered SAN and NAS
ServersStorage
ServersStorageDirect attach
3000 cables/ports200 racks400 power whips
Tiered SAN and NAS400 cables/ports10 racks20 power whips
NetworkFacilities
NetworkFacilities
400 power whips 20 power whips
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For Every Application in A VM, You Save…
3 Year Cost Savings/Application3-Year Cost Savings/Application
Server Hardware $5,816
Power Costs $759
Data Center Real Estate $949
Network Infrastructure $296
TOTAL $8 251TOTAL $8,251
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VMware Converter 3.0
A t t thAutomate the process of converting co e t gphysical machines to VMware virtual
hi Physicalmachines Physical Machine
Physical-to-Virtual
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Th k YThank You
